Anthropic principle, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 183 relations: A priori and a posteriori, Age of the universe, Albert Einstein, Alexander Vilenkin, Alfred North Whitehead, Alfred Russel Wallace, Anthropic Bias, Anthropocentrism, Argument, Argument from incredulity, Arrow of time, Astrophysics, Atomic nucleus, Atomic orbital, Barnacle, Baryon, Big Bang, Big Crunch, Black hole, Brandon Carter, Carbon, Carbon chauvinism, Carbon-12, Carbon-based life, Chemistry, Conditional probability, Copernican principle, Cosmic inflation, Cosmic Jackpot, Cosmic microwave background, Cosmological constant, Cosmological constant problem, Cosmological principle, Cosmology, Dark energy, Dark matter, David Gross, Deductive reasoning, Deus ex machina, Dimension, Dimensionless physical constant, Dirac large numbers hypothesis, Discourse on Metaphysics, Don Page (physicist), Earth, Earth science, Electromagnetism, Electron, Electronvolt, Elliott Sober, ... Expand index (133 more) »

2. Astronomical hypotheses

A priori and a posteriori

A priori ('from the earlier') and a posteriori ('from the later') are Latin phrases used in philosophy to distinguish types of knowledge, justification, or argument by their reliance on experience. Anthropic principle and a priori and a posteriori are concepts in epistemology.

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Age of the universe

In physical cosmology, the age of the universe is the time elapsed since the Big Bang. Anthropic principle and age of the universe are physical cosmology.

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Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely held as one of the most influential scientists. Best known for developing the theory of relativity, Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics. His mass–energy equivalence formula, which arises from relativity theory, has been called "the world's most famous equation".

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Alexander Vilenkin

Alexander Vilenkin (Алекса́ндр Виле́нкин; Олександр Віленкін; born 13 May 1949) is the Leonard Jane Holmes Bernstein Professor of Evolutionary Science and Director of the Institute of Cosmology at Tufts University.

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Alfred North Whitehead

Alfred North Whitehead (15 February 1861 – 30 December 1947) was an English mathematician and philosopher.

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Alfred Russel Wallace

Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was an English naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator.

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Anthropic Bias

Anthropic Bias: Observation Selection Effects in Science and Philosophy (2002) is a book by philosopher Nick Bostrom.

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Anthropocentrism

Anthropocentrism is the belief that human beings are the central or most important entity on the planet.

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Argument

An argument is a series of sentences, statements, or propositions some of which are called premises and one is the conclusion.

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Argument from incredulity

Argument from incredulity, also known as argument from personal incredulity, appeal to common sense, or the divine fallacy, is a fallacy in informal logic.

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Arrow of time

The arrow of time, also called time's arrow, is the concept positing the "one-way direction" or "asymmetry" of time.

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Astrophysics

Astrophysics is a science that employs the methods and principles of physics and chemistry in the study of astronomical objects and phenomena.

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Atomic nucleus

The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment.

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Atomic orbital

In quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital is a function describing the location and wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom.

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Barnacle

Barnacles are arthropods of the subclass Cirripedia in the subphylum Crustacea.

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Baryon

In particle physics, a baryon is a type of composite subatomic particle, including the proton and the neutron, that contains an odd number of valence quarks, conventionally three.

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Big Bang

The Big Bang is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature. Anthropic principle and Big Bang are physical cosmology.

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Big Crunch

The Big Crunch is a hypothetical scenario for the ultimate fate of the universe, in which the expansion of the universe eventually reverses and the universe recollapses, ultimately causing the cosmic scale factor to reach zero, an event potentially followed by a reformation of the universe starting with another Big Bang. Anthropic principle and Big Crunch are physical cosmology.

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Black hole

A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light and other electromagnetic waves, is capable of possessing enough energy to escape it.

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Brandon Carter

Brandon Carter, (born 1942) is an Australian theoretical physicist who explores the properties of black holes, and was the first to name and employ the anthropic principle in its contemporary form.

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Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element; it has symbol C and atomic number 6.

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Carbon chauvinism

Carbon chauvinism is a neologism meant to disparage the assumption that the chemical processes of hypothetical extraterrestrial life must be constructed primarily from carbon (organic compounds) because as far as is known, carbon's chemical and thermodynamic properties render it far superior to all other elements at forming molecules used in living organisms. Anthropic principle and carbon chauvinism are astronomical hypotheses.

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Carbon-12

Carbon-12 (12C) is the most abundant of the two stable isotopes of carbon (carbon-13 being the other), amounting to 98.93% of element carbon on Earth; its abundance is due to the triple-alpha process by which it is created in stars.

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Carbon-based life

Carbon is a primary component of all known life on Earth, and represents approximately 45–50% of all dry biomass.

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Chemistry

Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter.

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Conditional probability

In probability theory, conditional probability is a measure of the probability of an event occurring, given that another event (by assumption, presumption, assertion or evidence) is already known to have occurred.

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Copernican principle

In physical cosmology, the Copernican principle states that humans, on the Earth or in the Solar System, are not privileged observers of the universe, that observations from the Earth are representative of observations from the average position in the universe. Anthropic principle and Copernican principle are physical cosmology and principles.

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Cosmic inflation

In physical cosmology, cosmic inflation, cosmological inflation, or just inflation, is a theory of exponential expansion of space in the early universe. Anthropic principle and cosmic inflation are physical cosmology.

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Cosmic Jackpot

Cosmic Jackpot, also published under the title The Goldilocks Enigma: Why is the Universe Just Right for Life?, is a 2007 non-fiction book by physicist and cosmologist Paul Davies, describing the idea of a fine-tuned universe.

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Cosmic microwave background

The cosmic microwave background (CMB or CMBR) is microwave radiation that fills all space in the observable universe. Anthropic principle and cosmic microwave background are physical cosmology.

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Cosmological constant

In cosmology, the cosmological constant (usually denoted by the Greek capital letter lambda), alternatively called Einstein's cosmological constant, is the constant coefficient of a term that Albert Einstein temporarily added to his field equations of general relativity. Anthropic principle and cosmological constant are astronomical hypotheses and physical cosmology.

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Cosmological constant problem

In cosmology, the cosmological constant problem or vacuum catastrophe is the substantial disagreement between the observed values of vacuum energy density (the small value of the cosmological constant) and the much larger theoretical value of zero-point energy suggested by quantum field theory. Anthropic principle and cosmological constant problem are physical cosmology.

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Cosmological principle

In modern physical cosmology, the cosmological principle is the notion that the spatial distribution of matter in the universe is uniformly isotropic and homogeneous when viewed on a large enough scale, since the forces are expected to act equally throughout the universe on a large scale, and should, therefore, produce no observable inequalities in the large-scale structuring over the course of evolution of the matter field that was initially laid down by the Big Bang. Anthropic principle and cosmological principle are physical cosmology and principles.

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Cosmology

Cosmology is a branch of physics and metaphysics dealing with the nature of the universe, the cosmos. Anthropic principle and Cosmology are physical cosmology.

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Dark energy

In physical cosmology and astronomy, dark energy is an unknown form of energy that affects the universe on the largest scales. Anthropic principle and dark energy are physical cosmology.

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Dark matter

In astronomy, dark matter is a hypothetical form of matter that appears not to interact with light or the electromagnetic field. Anthropic principle and dark matter are physical cosmology.

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David Gross

David Jonathan Gross (born February 19, 1941) is an American theoretical physicist and string theorist.

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Deductive reasoning

Deductive reasoning is the process of drawing valid inferences.

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Deus ex machina

Deus ex machina (plural: dei ex machina; English "god from the machine") is a plot device whereby a seemingly unsolvable problem in a story is suddenly or abruptly resolved by an unexpected and unlikely occurrence.

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Dimension

In physics and mathematics, the dimension of a mathematical space (or object) is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any point within it.

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Dimensionless physical constant

In physics, a dimensionless physical constant is a physical constant that is dimensionless, i.e. a pure number having no units attached and having a numerical value that is independent of whatever system of units may be used.

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Dirac large numbers hypothesis

The Dirac large numbers hypothesis (LNH) is an observation made by Paul Dirac in 1937 relating ratios of size scales in the Universe to that of force scales. Anthropic principle and Dirac large numbers hypothesis are astronomical hypotheses and physical cosmology.

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The Discourse on Metaphysics (Discours de métaphysique, 1686) is a short treatise by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in which he develops a philosophy concerning physical substance, motion and resistance of bodies, and God's role within the universe.

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Don Page (physicist)

Don Nelson Page (born December 31, 1948) is an American-born Canadian theoretical physicist at the University of Alberta, Canada.

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Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.

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Earth science

Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth.

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Electromagnetism

In physics, electromagnetism is an interaction that occurs between particles with electric charge via electromagnetic fields.

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Electron

The electron (or in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge.

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Electronvolt

In physics, an electronvolt (symbol eV), also written electron-volt and electron volt, is the measure of an amount of kinetic energy gained by a single electron accelerating through an electric potential difference of one volt in vacuum.

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Elliott Sober

Elliott R. Sober (born 6 June 1948) is Hans Reichenbach Professor and William F. Vilas Research Professor Emeritus in the Department of Philosophy at University of Wisconsin–Madison.

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Entropy

Entropy is a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty.

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Ernan McMullin

Ernan McMullin (October 13, 1924 – February 8, 2011) was an Irish philosopher who last served as the O’Hara Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at the University of Notre Dame.

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Eugene Wigner

Eugene Paul Wigner (Wigner Jenő Pál,; November 17, 1902 – January 1, 1995) was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist who also contributed to mathematical physics.

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Eutaxiology

Eutaxiology (from the Greek eu – good, and tax – order) is the philosophical study of order and design.

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Evolution

Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

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Evolutionary biology

Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes (natural selection, common descent, speciation) that produced the diversity of life on Earth.

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Expansion of the universe

The expansion of the universe is the increase in distance between gravitationally unbound parts of the observable universe with time. Anthropic principle and expansion of the universe are physical cosmology.

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Extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI), a subset of non-human intelligence (NHI), refers to hypothetical intelligent extraterrestrial life.

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Falsifiability

Falsifiability (or refutability) is a deductive standard of evaluation of scientific theories and hypotheses, introduced by the philosopher of science Karl Popper in his book The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1934).

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Fine-structure constant

In physics, the fine-structure constant, also known as the Sommerfeld constant, commonly denoted by (the Greek letter ''alpha''), is a fundamental physical constant which quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles.

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Fine-tuned universe

The characterization of the universe as finely tuned intends to explain why the known constants of nature, such as the electron charge, the gravitational constant, and the like, have their measured values rather than some other arbitrary values. Anthropic principle and fine-tuned universe are astronomical hypotheses and physical cosmology.

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Flux

Flux describes any effect that appears to pass or travel (whether it actually moves or not) through a surface or substance.

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Frank J. Tipler

Frank Jennings Tipler (born February 1, 1947) is an American mathematical physicist and cosmologist, holding a joint appointment in the Departments of Mathematics and Physics at Tulane University.

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Fred Hoyle

Sir Fred Hoyle (24 June 1915 – 20 August 2001) was an English astronomer who formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis and was one of the authors of the influential B2FH paper.

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Fundamental interaction

In physics, the fundamental interactions or fundamental forces are the interactions that do not appear to be reducible to more basic interactions.

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Galaxy

A galaxy is a system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter bound together by gravity.

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Galaxy formation and evolution

The study of galaxy formation and evolution is concerned with the processes that formed a heterogeneous universe from a homogeneous beginning, the formation of the first galaxies, the way galaxies change over time, and the processes that have generated the variety of structures observed in nearby galaxies.

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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) was a German philosopher and one of the most influential figures of German idealism and 19th-century philosophy.

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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (– 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat who invented calculus in addition to many other branches of mathematics, such as binary arithmetic, and statistics.

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Gravitational constant

The gravitational constant is an empirical physical constant involved in the calculation of gravitational effects in Sir Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity.

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Helge Kragh

Helge Stjernholm Kragh (born February 13, 1944) is a Danish historian of science who focuses on the development of 19th century physics, chemistry, and astronomy.

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Helium

Helium (from lit) is a chemical element; it has symbol He and atomic number 2.

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Henri Bergson

Henri-Louis Bergson (18 October 1859 – 4 January 1941) was a French philosopherHenri Bergson.

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Hermann Weyl

Hermann Klaus Hugo Weyl, (9 November 1885 – 8 December 1955) was a German mathematician, theoretical physicist, logician and philosopher.

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Human

Humans (Homo sapiens, meaning "thinking man") or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus Homo.

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Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1.

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Hypothetical types of biochemistry

Hypothetical types of biochemistry are forms of biochemistry agreed to be scientifically viable but not proven to exist at this time.

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Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers.

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Intellectual history

Intellectual history (also the history of ideas) is the study of the history of human thought and of intellectuals, people who conceptualize, discuss, write about, and concern themselves with ideas.

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Intelligent design

Intelligent design (ID) is a pseudoscientific argument for the existence of God, presented by its proponents as "an evidence-based scientific theory about life's origins".

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International Journal of Astrobiology

The International Journal of Astrobiology (IJA) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 2002 and published by Cambridge University Press that covers research on the prebiotic chemistry, origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life on Earth and beyond, SETI (Search for extraterrestrial intelligence), societal and educational aspects of astrobiology.

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Inverse-square law

In science, an inverse-square law is any scientific law stating that the observed "intensity" of a specified physical quantity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of that physical quantity.

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Isotopes of helium

Although there are nine known isotopes of helium (2He) (standard atomic weight), only helium-3 and helium-4 are stable.

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James Clerk Maxwell

James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish physicist with broad interests who was responsible for the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, which was the first theory to describe electricity, magnetism and light as different manifestations of the same phenomenon.

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Jürgen Schmidhuber

Jürgen Schmidhuber (born 17 January 1963) is a German computer scientist noted for his work in the field of artificial intelligence, specifically artificial neural networks.

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Jesús Mosterín

Jesús Mosterín (24 September 1941 – 4 October 2017) was a leading Spanish philosopher and a thinker of broad spectrum, often at the frontier between science and philosophy.

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Johann Gottlieb Fichte

Johann Gottlieb Fichte (19 May 1762 – 29 January 1814) was a German philosopher who became a founding figure of the philosophical movement known as German idealism, which developed from the theoretical and ethical writings of Immanuel Kant.

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John A. Leslie

John Andrew Leslie (born 2 August 1940) is a Canadian philosopher and writer.

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John Archibald Wheeler

John Archibald Wheeler (July 9, 1911April 13, 2008) was an American theoretical physicist.

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John D. Barrow

John David Barrow (29 November 1952 – 26 September 2020) was an English cosmologist, theoretical physicist, and mathematician.

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John Earman

John Earman (born 1942) is an American philosopher of physics.

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John von Neumann

John von Neumann (Neumann János Lajos; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian and American mathematician, physicist, computer scientist, engineer and polymath.

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Karl W. Giberson

Karl Willard Giberson (born May 13, 1957) is a Canadian physicist, scholar, and author, specializing in the creation–evolution debate (see Creation–evolution controversy).

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Kraków

(), also spelled as Cracow or Krakow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.

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Lawrence Krauss

Lawrence Maxwell Krauss (born May 27, 1954) is a Canadian-American theoretical physicist and cosmologist who taught at Arizona State University (ASU), Yale University, and Case Western Reserve University.

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Lee Smolin

Lee Smolin (born June 6, 1955) is an American theoretical physicist, a faculty member at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, an adjunct professor of physics at the University of Waterloo, and a member of the graduate faculty of the philosophy department at the University of Toronto.

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Leonard Susskind

Leonard Susskind (born June 16, 1940)his 60th birth anniversary was celebrated with a special symposium at Stanford University.

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Logical form

In logic, the logical form of a statement is a precisely-specified semantic version of that statement in a formal system.

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Luboš Motl

Luboš Motl (born 5 December 1973) is a Czech physicist and blogger.

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Ludwig Boltzmann

Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (20 February 1844 – 5 September 1906) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher.

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Main sequence

In astronomy, the main sequence is a classification of stars which appear on plots of stellar color versus brightness as a continuous and distinctive band.

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Many-worlds interpretation

The many-worlds interpretation (MWI) is a philosophical position about how the mathematics used in quantum mechanics relates to physical reality.

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Mario Livio

Mario Livio (born June 19, 1945) is an astrophysicist and an author of works that popularize science and mathematics.

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Martin Gardner

Martin Gardner (October 21, 1914May 22, 2010) was an American popular mathematics and popular science writer with interests also encompassing magic, scientific skepticism, micromagic, philosophy, religion, and literatureespecially the writings of Lewis Carroll, L. Frank Baum, and G. K. Chesterton.

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Martin Rees

Martin John Rees, Baron Rees of Ludlow, One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: (born 23 June 1942) is a British cosmologist and astrophysicist.

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Mathematical physics

Mathematical physics refers to the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics.

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Max Tegmark

Max Erik Tegmark (born 5 May 1967) is a Swedish-American physicist, machine learning researcher and author.

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Measure (mathematics)

In mathematics, the concept of a measure is a generalization and formalization of geometrical measures (length, area, volume) and other common notions, such as magnitude, mass, and probability of events.

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In astronomy, metallicity is the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen and helium. Anthropic principle and metallicity are physical cosmology.

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Michael Frayn

Michael Frayn, FRSL (born 8 September 1933) is an English playwright and novelist.

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Michael Shermer

Michael Brant Shermer (born September 8, 1954) is an American science writer, historian of science, executive director of The Skeptics Society, and founding publisher of Skeptic magazine, a publication focused on investigating pseudoscientific and supernatural claims.

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Milky Way

The Milky Way is the galaxy that includes the Solar System, with the name describing the galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye.

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Misnomer

A misnomer is a name that is incorrectly or unsuitably applied.

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Monatomic gas

In physics and chemistry, "monatomic" is a combination of the words "mono" and "atomic", and means "single atom".

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Multiverse

The multiverse is the hypothetical set of all universes. Anthropic principle and multiverse are astronomical hypotheses and physical cosmology.

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Natural selection

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

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Necessity and sufficiency

In logic and mathematics, necessity and sufficiency are terms used to describe a conditional or implicational relationship between two statements.

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Nerve

A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of nerve fibers (called axons) in the peripheral nervous system.

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Neutronium

Neutronium (or neutrium, or neutrite) is a hypothetical substance made purely of neutrons.

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Newton's law of universal gravitation

Newton's law of universal gravitation says that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

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Nick Bostrom

Nick Bostrom (Niklas Boström; born 10 March 1973 in Sweden) is a philosopher known for his work on existential risk, the anthropic principle, human enhancement ethics, whole brain emulation, superintelligence risks, and the reversal test.

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Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center.

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Nontheism

Nontheism or non-theism is a range of both religious and non-religious attitudes characterized by the absence of espoused belief in the existence of God or gods.

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Nucleosynthesis

Nucleosynthesis is the process that creates new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons (protons and neutrons) and nuclei.

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Omega Point

The Omega Point is a theorized future event in which the entirety of the universe spirals toward a final point of unification. Anthropic principle and Omega Point are religion and science.

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Orbit

In celestial mechanics, an orbit (also known as orbital revolution) is the curved trajectory of an object such as the trajectory of a planet around a star, or of a natural satellite around a planet, or of an artificial satellite around an object or position in space such as a planet, moon, asteroid, or Lagrange point.

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Order of magnitude

An order of magnitude is an approximation of the logarithm of a value relative to some contextually understood reference value, usually 10, interpreted as the base of the logarithm and the representative of values of magnitude one.

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Partial differential equation

In mathematics, a partial differential equation (PDE) is an equation which computes a function between various partial derivatives of a multivariable function.

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Particle physics

Particle physics or high-energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation.

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Paul Davies

Paul Charles William Davies (born 22 April 1946) is an English physicist, writer and broadcaster, a professor in Arizona State University and director of BEYOND: Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science.

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Paul Ehrenfest

Paul Ehrenfest (18 January 1880 – 25 September 1933) was an Austrian theoretical physicist who made major contributions to the topic of statistical mechanics and its relations with quantum mechanics, including the theory of phase transition and the Ehrenfest theorem.

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Peter Woit

Peter Woit (born September 11, 1957) is a senior lecturer in the Mathematics department at Columbia University.

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Phase transition

In physics, chemistry, and other related fields like biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another.

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Philosophy

Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language.

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Pierre Teilhard de Chardin

Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1 May 1881 – 10 April 1955) was a French Jesuit, Catholic priest, scientist, paleontologist, theologian, philosopher, and teacher. Anthropic principle and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin are religion and science.

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Planet

A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is generally required to be in orbit around a star, stellar remnant, or brown dwarf, and is not one itself.

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Postmodernism

Postmodernism is a term used to refer to a variety of artistic, cultural, and philosophical movements that claim to mark a break with modernism.

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Prior probability

A prior probability distribution of an uncertain quantity, often simply called the prior, is its assumed probability distribution before some evidence is taken into account.

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Proton

A proton is a stable subatomic particle, symbol, H+, or 1H+ with a positive electric charge of +1 e (elementary charge).

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Quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms.

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Radius

In classical geometry, a radius (radii or radiuses) of a circle or sphere is any of the line segments from its center to its perimeter, and in more modern usage, it is also their length.

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Ray Solomonoff

Ray Solomonoff (July 25, 1926 – December 7, 2009) was an American mathematician who invented algorithmic probability, his General Theory of Inductive Inference (also known as Universal Inductive Inference),Samuel Rathmanner and Marcus Hutter.

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Red dwarf

A red dwarf is the smallest kind of star on the main sequence.

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René Descartes

René Descartes (or;; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence of modern philosophy and science.

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Resonance

In physics, resonance refers to a wide class of phenomena that arise as a result of matching temporal or spatial periods of oscillatory objects.

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Robert H. Dicke

Robert Henry Dicke (May 6, 1916 – March 4, 1997) was an American astronomer and physicist who made important contributions to the fields of astrophysics, atomic physics, cosmology and gravity.

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Roger Penrose

Sir Roger Penrose, (born 8 August 1931) is a British mathematician, mathematical physicist, philosopher of science and Nobel Laureate in Physics.

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Samuel L. Braunstein

Samuel Leon Braunstein (born 1961) is a professor at the University of York, England.

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Scientific law

Scientific laws or laws of science are statements, based on repeated experiments or observations, that describe or predict a range of natural phenomena. Anthropic principle and Scientific law are principles.

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Scientific method

The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century.

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Selection bias

Selection bias is the bias introduced by the selection of individuals, groups, or data for analysis in such a way that proper randomization is not achieved, thereby failing to ensure that the sample obtained is representative of the population intended to be analyzed.

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Simulation hypothesis

The simulation hypothesis proposes that what sentient beings experience as the world is actually a simulated reality, such as a computer simulation in which humans themselves are constructs. Anthropic principle and simulation hypothesis are concepts in epistemology.

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Solar System

The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies.

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Solomonoff's theory of inductive inference

Solomonoff's theory of inductive inference is a mathematical theory of induction introduced by Ray Solomonoff, based on probability theory and theoretical computer science.

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Spacetime

In physics, spacetime, also called the space-time continuum, is a mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum.

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Star

A star is a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by self-gravity.

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Steady-state model

In cosmology, the steady-state model or steady state theory is an alternative to the Big Bang theory. Anthropic principle and steady-state model are physical cosmology.

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Stephen Hawking

Stephen William Hawking, (8 January 1942 – 14 March 2018) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge.

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Stephen Jay Gould

Stephen Jay Gould (September 10, 1941 – May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science.

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Steven Weinberg

Steven Weinberg (May 3, 1933 – July 23, 2021) was an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate in physics for his contributions with Abdus Salam and Sheldon Glashow to the unification of the weak force and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles.

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String theory

In physics, string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called strings. Anthropic principle and string theory are astronomical hypotheses and physical cosmology.

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String theory landscape

In string theory, the string theory landscape (or landscape of vacua) is the collection of possible false vacua,The number of metastable vacua is not known exactly, but commonly quoted estimates are of the order 10500. Anthropic principle and string theory landscape are physical cosmology.

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Strong interaction

In nuclear physics and particle physics, the strong interaction, also called the strong force or strong nuclear force, is a fundamental interaction that confines quarks into protons, neutrons, and other hadron particles.

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Supernova

A supernova (supernovae or supernovas) is a powerful and luminous explosion of a star.

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Symmetry breaking

In physics, symmetry breaking is a phenomenon where a disordered but symmetric state collapses into an ordered, but less symmetric state.

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Symposium

In Ancient Greece, the symposium (συμπόσιον, sympósion or symposio, from συμπίνειν, sympínein, "to drink together") was the part of a banquet that took place after the meal, when drinking for pleasure was accompanied by music, dancing, recitals, or conversation.

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Tautology (logic)

In mathematical logic, a tautology (from ταυτολογία) is a formula or assertion that is true in every possible interpretation.

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Teleological argument

The teleological argument (from) also known as physico-theological argument, argument from design, or intelligent design argument, is an argument for the existence of God or, more generally, that complex functionality in the natural world, which looks designed, is evidence of an intelligent creator.

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Teleology

Teleology (from, and)Partridge, Eric.

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The Emperor's New Mind

The Emperor's New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds and The Laws of Physics is a 1989 book by the mathematical physicist Roger Penrose.

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Theory of everything

A theory of everything (TOE), final theory, ultimate theory, unified field theory or master theory is a hypothetical, singular, all-encompassing, coherent theoretical framework of physics that fully explains and links together all aspects of the universe.

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Triple-alpha process

The triple-alpha process is a set of nuclear fusion reactions by which three helium-4 nuclei (alpha particles) are transformed into carbon.

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Truism

A truism is a claim that is so obvious or self-evident as to be hardly worth mentioning, except as a reminder or as a rhetorical or literary device, and is the opposite of falsism.

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Universe

The universe is all of space and time and their contents. Anthropic principle and universe are physical cosmology.

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Victor J. Stenger

Victor John Stenger (January 29, 1935 – August 25, 2014) was an American particle physicist, philosopher, author, and religious skeptic.

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Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation

The von Neumann–Wigner interpretation, also described as "consciousness causes collapse", is an interpretation of quantum mechanics in which consciousness is postulated to be necessary for the completion of the process of quantum measurement.

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Wave

In physics, mathematics, engineering, and related fields, a wave is a propagating dynamic disturbance (change from equilibrium) of one or more quantities.

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Weak interaction

In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, also called the weak force, is one of the four known fundamental interactions, with the others being electromagnetism, the strong interaction, and gravitation.

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Weakless universe

A weakless universe is a hypothetical universe that contains no weak interactions, but is otherwise very similar to our own universe.

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White dwarf

A white dwarf is a stellar core remnant composed mostly of electron-degenerate matter.

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William Alfred Fowler

William Alfred Fowler (August 9, 1911 March 14, 1995) was an American nuclear physicist, later astrophysicist, who, with Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics.

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William H. Jefferys

William Hamilton Jefferys III (born 1940) is an American astronomer.

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Wisdom

Wisdom (sapience, sagacity) is the act of using one's depth and breadth of knowledge and experience to do good by oneself and others.

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See also

Astronomical hypotheses

• Anthropic principle
• Anti-gravity
• Archaeoastronomy and Stonehenge
• Berserker hypothesis
• Brane cosmology
• Carbon chauvinism
• Circumtriple planet
• Clockwork universe
• Cosmological constant
• Dark forest hypothesis
• Dirac large numbers hypothesis
• Drake equation
• Ecoism
• Fermi paradox
• Fine-tuned universe
• Gaia hypothesis
• Goldilocks principle
• Grand tack hypothesis
• Habitable zone
• Habitable zone for complex life
• Hart–Tipler conjecture
• Hawking radiation
• Hills cloud
• Interstellar travel
• Magnetic monopoles
• Modified Newtonian dynamics
• Moongate (book)
• Multiverse
• Mysterium Cosmographicum
• Neocatastrophism
• Oort cloud
• Particle chauvinism
• Pleiades Phenomenon
• Rare Earth hypothesis
• Space elevator
• String theory
• Thalassogen
• Titius–Bode law
• Vulcan (hypothetical planet)
• Wormhole

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic_principle

Also known as Anthrocentric principle, Anthropic argument, Anthropic bias, Anthropic biases, Anthropic cosmology, Anthropic principal, Anthropic principles, Anthropic reasoning, Anthropics, Anthropomorphic Principal, Anthropomorphic Principle, Antropic principle, Argument from conditional probability, Enthropic principle, Entropic principle, Meduso anthropic principle, Meduso-Anthropic Principle, Observation selection effect, Participatory anthropic principle, Selfish Biocosm Hypothesis, Strong Anthropic Principle, The Anthropic Cosmological Principle, Weak anthropic principle.

, Entropy, Ernan McMullin, Eugene Wigner, Eutaxiology, Evolution, Evolutionary biology, Expansion of the universe, Extraterrestrial intelligence, Falsifiability, Fine-structure constant, Fine-tuned universe, Flux, Frank J. Tipler, Fred Hoyle, Fundamental interaction, Galaxy, Galaxy formation and evolution, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Gravitational constant, Helge Kragh, Helium, Henri Bergson, Hermann Weyl, Human, Hydrogen, Hypothetical types of biochemistry, Immanuel Kant, Intellectual history, Intelligent design, International Journal of Astrobiology, Inverse-square law, Isotopes of helium, James Clerk Maxwell, Jürgen Schmidhuber, Jesús Mosterín, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, John A. Leslie, John Archibald Wheeler, John D. Barrow, John Earman, John von Neumann, Karl W. Giberson, Kraków, Lawrence Krauss, Lee Smolin, Leonard Susskind, Logical form, Luboš Motl, Ludwig Boltzmann, Main sequence, Many-worlds interpretation, Mario Livio, Martin Gardner, Martin Rees, Mathematical physics, Max Tegmark, Measure (mathematics), Metallicity, Michael Frayn, Michael Shermer, Milky Way, Misnomer, Monatomic gas, Multiverse, Natural selection, Necessity and sufficiency, Nerve, Neutronium, Newton's law of universal gravitation, Nick Bostrom, Nicolaus Copernicus, Nontheism, Nucleosynthesis, Omega Point, Orbit, Order of magnitude, Partial differential equation, Particle physics, Paul Davies, Paul Ehrenfest, Peter Woit, Phase transition, Philosophy, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Planet, Postmodernism, Prior probability, Proton, Quantum mechanics, Radius, Ray Solomonoff, Red dwarf, René Descartes, Resonance, Robert H. Dicke, Roger Penrose, Samuel L. Braunstein, Scientific law, Scientific method, Selection bias, Simulation hypothesis, Solar System, Solomonoff's theory of inductive inference, Spacetime, Star, Steady-state model, Stephen Hawking, Stephen Jay Gould, Steven Weinberg, String theory, String theory landscape, Strong interaction, Supernova, Symmetry breaking, Symposium, Tautology (logic), Teleological argument, Teleology, The Emperor's New Mind, Theory of everything, Triple-alpha process, Truism, Universe, Victor J. Stenger, Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation, Wave, Weak interaction, Weakless universe, White dwarf, William Alfred Fowler, William H. Jefferys, Wisdom.