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Attachment theory, the Glossary

Index Attachment theory

An attachment theory is a psychological and evolutionary theory concerning relationships between humans.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 116 relations: Adaptation, Adrenarche, Adverse childhood experiences, Affectional bond, Allomothering, Anna Freud, Atlas personality, Attachment in adults, Attachment parenting, Attachment theory and psychology of religion, Attachment therapy, August Aichhorn, Autism, Autonomic nervous system, Basic Books, Behavior, Behavior analysis of child development, Behaviorism, Behavioural genetics, Charles H. Zeanah, Co-regulation, Cognitive psychology, Cognitive science, Contact (law), Contingency (philosophy), Criminology, Critical period, Cupboard love, Cybernetics, Daniel Schacter, Development of the nervous system, Developmental psychology, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Dopamine receptor, Dopamine receptor D2, Dorothy Burlingham, Drive theory, Dynamic-maturational model of attachment and adaptation, Emotional intelligence, Empirical research, Ethology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Evolution, Evolutionary biology, Evolutionary pressure, Family law, Fathers as attachment figures, Foster care, Heredity, Heritability, ... Expand index (66 more) »

  2. Object relations theory

Adaptation

In biology, adaptation has three related meanings. Attachment theory and adaptation are evolutionary biology.

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Adrenarche

Adrenarche is an early stage in sexual maturation that happens in some higher primates (including humans), typically peaks at around 20 years of age, and is involved in the development of pubic hair, body odor, skin oiliness, axillary hair, sexual attraction/sexual desire/increased libido and mild acne.

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Adverse childhood experiences

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) include childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse and household dysfunction during childhood. Attachment theory and Adverse childhood experiences are human development.

See Attachment theory and Adverse childhood experiences

Affectional bond

In psychology, an affectional bond is a type of attachment behavior one individual has for another individual, typically a caregiver for their child, in which the two partners tend to remain in proximity to one another. Attachment theory and affectional bond are evolutionary psychology, human development and interpersonal relationships.

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Allomothering

Allomothering, allomaternal infant care/handling, or non-maternal infant care/handling is performed by any group member other than the mother.

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Anna Freud

Anna Freud CBE (3 December 1895 – 9 October 1982) was a British psychoanalyst of Austrian–Jewish descent.

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Atlas personality

The Atlas personality, named after the story of the Titan Atlas from Greek mythology who is forced to hold up the sky, is someone obliged to take on adult responsibilities prematurely. Attachment theory and Atlas personality are interpersonal relationships.

See Attachment theory and Atlas personality

Attachment in adults

In psychology, the theory of attachment can be applied to adult relationships including friendships, emotional affairs, adult romantic and carnal relationships and, in some cases, relationships with inanimate objects ("transitional objects"). Attachment theory and attachment in adults are evolutionary psychology and human development.

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Attachment parenting

Attachment parenting (AP) is a parenting philosophy that proposes methods aiming to promote the attachment of mother and infant not only by maximal parental empathy and responsiveness but also by continuous bodily closeness and touch.

See Attachment theory and Attachment parenting

Attachment theory and psychology of religion

Attachment theory and psychology of religion research explores the ways that a belief in God can fulfill the criteria of an attachment figure and examines how individual differences in attachment lead to correspondence or compensation pathways.

See Attachment theory and Attachment theory and psychology of religion

Attachment therapy

Attachment therapy (also called "the Evergreen model", "holding time", "rage-reduction", "compression therapy", "rebirthing", "corrective attachment therapy", and "coercive restraint therapy") is a pseudoscientific child mental health intervention intended to treat attachment disorders.

See Attachment theory and Attachment therapy

August Aichhorn

August Aichhorn (July 27, 1878 – October 13, 1949) was an Austrian educator and psychoanalyst.

See Attachment theory and August Aichhorn

Autism

Autism, also called autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or autism spectrum condition (ASC), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by symptoms of deficient reciprocal social communication and the presence of restricted, repetitive and inflexible patterns of behavior that are impairing in multiple contexts and excessive or atypical to be developmentally and socioculturally inappropriate.

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Autonomic nervous system

The autonomic nervous system (ANS), sometimes called the visceral nervous system and formerly the vegetative nervous system, is a division of the nervous system that operates internal organs, smooth muscle and glands.

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Basic Books

Basic Books is a book publisher founded in 1950 and located in New York City, now an imprint of Hachette Book Group.

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Behavior

Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems or artificial entities in some environment.

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Behavior analysis of child development

The behavioral analysis of child development originates from John B. Watson's behaviorism.

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Behaviorism

Behaviorism (also spelled behaviourism) is a systematic approach to understand the behavior of humans and other animals.

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Behavioural genetics

Behavioural genetics, also referred to as behaviour genetics, is a field of scientific research that uses genetic methods to investigate the nature and origins of individual differences in behaviour.

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Charles H. Zeanah

Charles H. Zeanah Jr.

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Co-regulation

Co-regulation (or coregulation) is a term used in psychology.

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Cognitive psychology

Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning.

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Cognitive science

Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes.

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In family law, contact, visitation and access are synonym terms that denotes the time that a child spends with the noncustodial parent, according to an agreed or court specified parenting schedule.

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Contingency (philosophy)

In logic, contingency is the feature of a statement making it neither necessary nor impossible.

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Criminology

Criminology (from Latin crimen, "accusation", and Ancient Greek -λογία, -logia, from λόγος logos meaning: "word, reason") is the interdisciplinary study of crime and deviant behaviour.

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Critical period

In developmental psychology and developmental biology, a critical period is a maturational stage in the lifespan of an organism during which the nervous system is especially sensitive to certain environmental stimuli.

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Cupboard love

Cupboard love is a popular learning theory of the 1950s and 1960s based on the research of Sigmund Freud, Anna Freud, Melanie Klein and Mary Ainsworth. Attachment theory and Cupboard love are philosophy of love.

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Cybernetics

Cybernetics is the transdisciplinary study of circular processes such as feedback systems where outputs are also inputs.

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Daniel Schacter

Daniel Lawrence Schacter (born June 17, 1952) is an American psychologist.

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Development of the nervous system

The development of the nervous system, or neural development (neurodevelopment), refers to the processes that generate, shape, and reshape the nervous system of animals, from the earliest stages of embryonic development to adulthood.

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Developmental psychology

Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why humans grow, change, and adapt across the course of their lives. Attachment theory and Developmental psychology are human development.

See Attachment theory and Developmental psychology

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM; latest edition: DSM-5-TR, published in March 2022) is a publication by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) for the classification of mental disorders using a common language and standard criteria.

See Attachment theory and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Dopamine receptor

Dopamine receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are prominent in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS).

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Dopamine receptor D2

Dopamine receptor D2, also known as D2R, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the DRD2 gene.

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Dorothy Burlingham

Dorothy Trimble Tiffany Burlingham (11 October 1891 – 19 November 1979) was an American child psychoanalyst and educator.

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Drive theory

In psychology, a drive theory, theory of drives or drive doctrine is a theory that attempts to analyze, classify or define the psychological drives. Attachment theory and drive theory are interpersonal relationships.

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Dynamic-maturational model of attachment and adaptation

The dynamic-maturational model of attachment and adaptation (DMM) is a biopsychosocial model describing the effect attachment relationships can have on human development and functioning. Attachment theory and dynamic-maturational model of attachment and adaptation are evolutionary biology and interpersonal relationships.

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Emotional intelligence

Emotional intelligence (EI) is defined as the ability to perceive, use, understand, manage, and handle emotions.

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Empirical research

Empirical research is research using empirical evidence.

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Ethology

Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behaviour of non-human animals.

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Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) is one of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

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Evolution

Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. Attachment theory and Evolution are evolutionary biology.

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Evolutionary biology

Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes (natural selection, common descent, speciation) that produced the diversity of life on Earth.

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Evolutionary pressure

Evolutionary pressure, selective pressure or selection pressure is exerted by factors that reduce or increase reproductive success in a portion of a population, driving natural selection. Attachment theory and Evolutionary pressure are evolutionary biology.

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Family law

Family law (also called matrimonial law or the law of domestic relations) is an area of the law that deals with family matters and domestic relations.

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Fathers as attachment figures

Studies have found that the father is a child's preferred attachment figure in approximately 5–20% of cases. Attachment theory and fathers as attachment figures are interpersonal relationships.

See Attachment theory and Fathers as attachment figures

Foster care

Foster care is a system in which a minor has been placed into a ward, group home (residential child care community, treatment center, etc.), or private home of a state-certified caregiver, referred to as a "foster parent", or with a family member approved by the state.

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Heredity

Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.

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Heritability

Heritability is a statistic used in the fields of breeding and genetics that estimates the degree of variation in a phenotypic trait in a population that is due to genetic variation between individuals in that population.

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Homeostasis

In biology, homeostasis (British also homoeostasis) is the state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.

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Human bonding

Human bonding is the process of development of a close interpersonal relationship between two or more people. Attachment theory and Human bonding are evolutionary psychology and interpersonal relationships.

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Humanistic psychology

Humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective that arose in the mid-20th century in answer to two theories: Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and B. F. Skinner's behaviorism.

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Hunter-gatherer

A hunter-gatherer or forager is a human living in a community, or according to an ancestrally derived lifestyle, in which most or all food is obtained by foraging, that is, by gathering food from local naturally occurring sources, especially wild edible plants but also insects, fungi, honey, bird eggs, or anything safe to eat, and/or by hunting game (pursuing and/or trapping and killing wild animals, including catching fish).

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Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis or HTPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus (a part of the brain located below the thalamus), the pituitary gland (a pea-shaped structure located below the hypothalamus), and the adrenal (also called "suprarenal") glands (small, conical organs on top of the kidneys).

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ICD-10

ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO).

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Imprinting (psychology)

In psychology and ethology, imprinting is any kind of phase-sensitive learning (learning occurring at a particular age or a particular life stage) that is rapid and apparently independent of the consequences of behaviour. Attachment theory and imprinting (psychology) are human development.

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Internal working model of attachment

Internal working model of attachment is a psychological approach that attempts to describe the development of mental representations, specifically the worthiness of the self and expectations of others' reactions to the self. Attachment theory and Internal working model of attachment are ethology, evolutionary biology, human development, interpersonal relationships, object relations theory and philosophy of love.

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Interpersonal relationship

In social psychology, an interpersonal relation (or interpersonal relationship) describes a social association, connection, or affiliation between two or more persons. Attachment theory and interpersonal relationship are interpersonal relationships.

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James Robertson (psychoanalyst)

James Robertson (1911–1988) was a psychiatric social worker and psychoanalyst based at the Tavistock Clinic and Institute, London from 1948 until 1976.

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Jean Piaget

Jean William Fritz Piaget (9 August 1896 – 16 September 1980) was a Swiss psychologist known for his work on child development.

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Jerome Kagan

Jerome Kagan (February 25, 1929 – May 10, 2021) was an American psychologist, who was the Daniel and Amy Starch Research Professor of Psychology at Harvard University, as well as, co-faculty at the New England Complex Systems Institute.

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John Bowlby

Edward John Mostyn Bowlby, CBE, FBA, FRCP, FRCPsych (26 February 1907 – 2 September 1990) was a British psychologist, psychiatrist, and psychoanalyst, notable for his interest in child development and for his pioneering work in attachment theory.

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Judith Rich Harris

Judith Rich Harris (February 10, 1938 – December 29, 2018) was an American psychology researcher and the author of The Nurture Assumption, a book criticizing the belief that parents are the most important factor in child development, and presenting evidence which contradicts that belief.

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Kenneth Craik

Kenneth James William Craik (1914 – 1945) was a Scottish philosopher and psychologist.

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Kisii people

The Abagusii (also known as Kisii (Mkisii/Wakisii) in Swahili, or Gusii in Ekegusii) are a Bantu ethnic group and nation indigenous to Kisii and Nyamira counties of former Nyanza, as well as parts of Kericho and Bomet counties of the former Rift Valley province of Kenya.

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Konrad Lorenz

Konrad Zacharias Lorenz (7 November 1903 – 27 February 1989) was an Austrian zoologist, ethologist, and ornithologist.

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Life course approach

The life course approach, also known as the life course perspective or life course theory, refers to an approach developed in the 1960s for analyzing people's lives within structural, social, and cultural contexts.

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Mary Ainsworth

Mary Dinsmore Ainsworth (December 1, 1913 – March 21, 1999) was an American-Canadian developmental psychologist known for her work in the development of the attachment theory.

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Mary Main

Mary Main (1943 - January 6, 2023) was an American psychologist notable for her work in the field of attachment.

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Maternal deprivation

Maternal deprivation is a scientific term summarising the early work of psychiatrist and psychoanalyst John Bowlby on the effects of separating infants and young children from their mother (or primary caregiver). Attachment theory and Maternal deprivation are evolutionary psychology and interpersonal relationships.

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Melanie Klein

Melanie Klein (née Reizes; 30 March 1882 – 22 September 1960) was an Austrian-British author and psychoanalyst known for her work in child analysis.

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Mentalization

In psychology, mentalization is the ability to understand the mental state – of oneself or others – that underlies overt behaviour.

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Michael Rutter

Sir Michael Llewellyn Rutter CBE FRS FRCP FRCPsych FMedSci (15 August 1933 – 23 October 2021) was the first person to be appointed professor of child psychiatry in the United Kingdom.

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Microsociology

Microsociology is one of the main levels of analysis (or focuses) of sociology, concerning the nature of everyday human social interactions and agency on a small scale: face to face.

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Natural experiment

A natural experiment is a study in which individuals (or clusters of individuals) are exposed to the experimental and control conditions that are determined by nature or by other factors outside the control of the investigators.

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Nature versus nurture

Nature versus nurture is a long-standing debate in biology and society about the relative influence on human beings of their genetic inheritance (nature) and the environmental conditions of their development (nurture). Attachment theory and Nature versus nurture are evolutionary psychology and human development.

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Neo-Darwinism

Neo-Darwinism is generally used to describe any integration of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection with Gregor Mendel's theory of genetics. Attachment theory and Neo-Darwinism are evolutionary biology.

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Nicolae Ceaușescu

Nicolae Ceaușescu (– 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician who served as the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989.

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Nikolaas Tinbergen

Nikolaas "Niko" Tinbergen (15 April 1907 – 21 December 1988) was a Dutch biologist and ornithologist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz for their discoveries concerning the organization and elicitation of individual and social behavior patterns in animals.

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Nurture kinship

The concept of nurture kinship in the anthropological study of human social relationships (kinship) highlights the extent to which such relationships are brought into being through the performance of various acts of nurture between individuals.

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Object relations theory

Object relations theory is a school of thought in psychoanalytic theory and psychoanalysis centered around theories of stages of ego development. Attachment theory and Object relations theory are psychoanalytic theory.

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Offender profiling

Offender profiling, also known as criminal profiling, is an investigative strategy used by law enforcement agencies to identify likely suspects and has been used by investigators to link cases that may have been committed by the same perpetrator.

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Pack (canine)

A pack is a social group of conspecific canines.

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Patricia McKinsey Crittenden

Patricia McKinsey Crittenden (born 1945) is an American psychologist known for her work in the development of attachment theory and science, her work in the field of developmental psychopathology, and for creation of the Dynamic-Maturational Model of Attachment and Adaptation (DMM).

See Attachment theory and Patricia McKinsey Crittenden

Pedagogy

Pedagogy, most commonly understood as the approach to teaching, is the theory and practice of learning, and how this process influences, and is influenced by, the social, political, and psychological development of learners.

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Peter Fonagy

Peter Fonagy, (born 14 August 1952) is a Hungarian-born British psychoanalyst and clinical psychologist.

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Prodrome

In medicine, a prodrome is an early sign or symptom (or set of signs and symptoms, referred to as prodromal symptoms) that often indicates the onset of a disease before more diagnostically specific signs and symptoms develop.

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Pseudoscience

Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be both scientific and factual but are incompatible with the scientific method.

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Psychoanalysis

PsychoanalysisFrom Greek: +. is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques"What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a body of knowledge.

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Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior.

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Psychophysiology

Psychophysiology (from Greek ψῡχή, psȳkhē, "breath, life, soul"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the physiological bases of psychological processes.

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Psychotoxicity

Psychotoxicity is a pharmacology term that refers to the effect when a drug interferes seriously with normal behaviour.

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Regression (psychology)

In psychoanalytic theory, regression is a defense mechanism involving the reversion of the ego to an earlier stage of psychosexual development, as a reaction to an overwhelming external problem or internal conflict.

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Relational psychoanalysis

Relational psychoanalysis is a school of psychoanalysis in the United States that emphasizes the role of real and imagined relationships with others in mental disorder and psychotherapy.

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Relationship science

Relationship science is an interdisciplinary field dedicated to the scientific study of interpersonal relationship processes. Attachment theory and relationship science are interpersonal relationships.

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René Spitz

René Árpád Spitz (January 29, 1887 in Vienna – September 14, 1974 in Denver) was an Austrian-American psychoanalyst.

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Robert Hinde

Robert Aubrey Hinde (26 October 1923 – 23 December 2016) was a British zoologist, ethologist and psychologist.

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Romance (love)

Romance or romantic love is a feeling of love for, or a strong attraction towards another person, and the courtship behaviors undertaken by an individual to express those overall feelings and resultant emotions. Attachment theory and Romance (love) are philosophy of love.

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Salvador Minuchin

Salvador Minuchin (October 13, 1921 – October 30, 2017) was a family therapist born and raised in San Salvador, Entre Ríos, Argentina.

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Sapporo

(lit) is a city in Japan.

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Self-efficacy

In psychology, self-efficacy is an individual's belief in their capacity to act in the ways necessary to reach specific goals.

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A social relation is the fundamental unit of analysis within the social sciences, and describes any voluntary or involuntary interpersonal relationship between two or more individuals within and/or between groups. Attachment theory and social relation are interpersonal relationships.

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Social work is an academic discipline and practice-based profession concerned with meeting the basic needs of individuals, families, groups, communities, and society as a whole to enhance their individual and collective well-being.

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Stella Chess

Stella Chess (March 1, 1914 – March 14, 2007) was an American child psychiatrist who taught at New York University (NYU).

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Steven Pinker

Steven Arthur Pinker (born September 18, 1954) is a Canadian-American cognitive psychologist, psycholinguist, popular science author, and public intellectual.

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Strange situation

The strange situation is a procedure devised by Mary Ainsworth in the 1970s to observe attachment in children, that is relationships between a caregiver and child.

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Stress (biology)

Stress, whether physiological, biological or psychological, is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition.

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Systems theory

Systems theory is the transdisciplinary study of systems, i.e. cohesive groups of interrelated, interdependent components that can be natural or artificial.

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Temperament

In psychology, temperament broadly refers to consistent individual differences in behavior that are biologically based and are relatively independent of learning, system of values and attitudes.

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The Anatomy of Dependence

is a 1971 book by Japanese psychoanalyst Takeo Doi, discussing at length Doi's concept of amae, which he describes as a uniquely Japanese need to be in good favor with, and be able to depend on, the people around oneself.

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The Atlantic

The Atlantic is an American magazine and multi-platform publisher.

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Wolf

The wolf (Canis lupus;: wolves), also known as the gray wolf or grey wolf, is a large canine native to Eurasia and North America.

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World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.

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5-HT receptor

5-HT receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, or serotonin receptors, are a group of G protein-coupled receptor and ligand-gated ion channels found in the central and peripheral nervous systems.

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5-HT2A receptor

The 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).

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See also

Object relations theory

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attachment_theory

Also known as Ambivalent attachment, Anxious-Ambivalent, Anxious-Avoidant, Anxious-ambivalent attachment, Anxious-avoidant attachment, Attachment (psychology), Attachment Psychology, Attachment figure, Attachment style, Attachment styles, Avoidant attachment, Biology of attachment, Cultural differences in attachment, Cultural variations in attachment, Dismissive-avoidant, Disorganized attachment, Emotionally attached, Insecure attachment, Theory of attachment.

, Homeostasis, Human bonding, Humanistic psychology, Hunter-gatherer, Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, ICD-10, Imprinting (psychology), Internal working model of attachment, Interpersonal relationship, James Robertson (psychoanalyst), Jean Piaget, Jerome Kagan, John Bowlby, Judith Rich Harris, Kenneth Craik, Kisii people, Konrad Lorenz, Life course approach, Mary Ainsworth, Mary Main, Maternal deprivation, Melanie Klein, Mentalization, Michael Rutter, Microsociology, Natural experiment, Nature versus nurture, Neo-Darwinism, Nicolae Ceaușescu, Nikolaas Tinbergen, Nurture kinship, Object relations theory, Offender profiling, Pack (canine), Patricia McKinsey Crittenden, Pedagogy, Peter Fonagy, Prodrome, Pseudoscience, Psychoanalysis, Psychology, Psychophysiology, Psychotoxicity, Regression (psychology), Relational psychoanalysis, Relationship science, René Spitz, Robert Hinde, Romance (love), Salvador Minuchin, Sapporo, Self-efficacy, Social relation, Social work, Stella Chess, Steven Pinker, Strange situation, Stress (biology), Systems theory, Temperament, The Anatomy of Dependence, The Atlantic, Wolf, World Health Organization, 5-HT receptor, 5-HT2A receptor.