Auditory system, the Glossary
The auditory system is the sensory system for the sense of hearing.[1]
Table of Contents
87 relations: Acoustic reflex, Action potential, Amplitude, Audio frequency, Auditory brainstem response, Auditory cortex, Auditory processing disorder, Auricle (anatomy), Axon, Basilar membrane, Binaural fusion, Brainstem, Brodmann area, Calcium, CDH23, Cerebellum, Cerebral cortex, Cilium, Cochlea, Cochlear duct, Cochlear nerve, Cochlear nucleus, Cranial nerves, Decussation, Dorsal cochlear nucleus, Ear, Ear canal, Eardrum, Endaural phenomena, Endolymph, Frontal lobe, General somatic efferent fiber, Glutamic acid, Hair cell, Health effects from noise, Hearing, Hertz, Hyperacusis, Incus, Inferior colliculus, Inferior parietal lobule, Inner ear, Interaural time difference, Language processing in the brain, Malleus, Mammal, Medial geniculate nucleus, Midbrain, Middle ear, Middle temporal gyrus, ... Expand index (37 more) »
Acoustic reflex
The acoustic reflex (also known as the stapedius reflex, stapedial reflex, auditory reflex, middle-ear-muscle reflex (MEM reflex, MEMR), attenuation reflex, cochleostapedial reflex or intra-aural reflex) is an involuntary muscle contraction that occurs in the middle ear in response to loud sound stimuli or when the person starts to vocalize. Auditory system and acoustic reflex are Audiology.
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Action potential
An action potential occurs when the membrane potential of a specific cell rapidly rises and falls.
See Auditory system and Action potential
Amplitude
The amplitude of a periodic variable is a measure of its change in a single period (such as time or spatial period).
See Auditory system and Amplitude
Audio frequency
An audio frequency or audible frequency (AF) is a periodic vibration whose frequency is audible to the average human.
See Auditory system and Audio frequency
Auditory brainstem response
The auditory brainstem response (ABR), also called brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) or brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) or brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) is an auditory evoked potential extracted from ongoing electrical activity in the brain and recorded via electrodes placed on the scalp. Auditory system and auditory brainstem response are Audiology.
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Auditory cortex
The auditory cortex is the part of the temporal lobe that processes auditory information in humans and many other vertebrates. Auditory system and auditory cortex are Audiology.
See Auditory system and Auditory cortex
Auditory processing disorder
Auditory processing disorder (APD), rarely known as King-Kopetzky syndrome or auditory disability with normal hearing (ADN), is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting the way the brain processes sounds. Auditory system and auditory processing disorder are Audiology and hearing.
See Auditory system and Auditory processing disorder
Auricle (anatomy)
The auricle or auricula is the visible part of the ear that is outside the head.
See Auditory system and Auricle (anatomy)
Axon
An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis) or nerve fiber (or nerve fibre: see spelling differences) is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, in vertebrates, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials away from the nerve cell body.
Basilar membrane
The basilar membrane is a stiff structural element within the cochlea of the inner ear which separates two liquid-filled tubes that run along the coil of the cochlea, the scala media and the scala tympani.
See Auditory system and Basilar membrane
Binaural fusion
Binaural fusion or binaural integration is a cognitive process that involves the combination of different auditory information presented binaurally, or to each ear. Auditory system and binaural fusion are hearing.
See Auditory system and Binaural fusion
Brainstem
The brainstem (or brain stem) is the stalk-like part of the brain that connects the forebrain (the cerebrum and diencephalon) with the spinal cord.
See Auditory system and Brainstem
Brodmann area
A Brodmann area is a region of the cerebral cortex, in the human or other primate brain, defined by its cytoarchitecture, or histological structure and organization of cells.
See Auditory system and Brodmann area
Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
See Auditory system and Calcium
CDH23
Cadherin-23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDH23 gene.
Cerebellum
The cerebellum (cerebella or cerebellums; Latin for "little brain") is a major feature of the hindbrain of all vertebrates.
See Auditory system and Cerebellum
Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex, also known as the cerebral mantle, is the outer layer of neural tissue of the cerebrum of the brain in humans and other mammals.
See Auditory system and Cerebral cortex
Cilium
The cilium (cilia;; in anatomy, cilium is an eyelash) is a membrane-bound organelle found on most types of eukaryotic cell.
See Auditory system and Cilium
Cochlea
The cochlea is the part of the inner ear involved in hearing. Auditory system and cochlea are Audiology and hearing.
See Auditory system and Cochlea
Cochlear duct
The cochlear duct (a.k.a. the scala media) is an endolymph filled cavity inside the cochlea, located between the tympanic duct and the vestibular duct, separated by the basilar membrane and the vestibular membrane (Reissner's membrane) respectively. Auditory system and cochlear duct are hearing.
See Auditory system and Cochlear duct
Cochlear nerve
The cochlear nerve (also auditory nerve or acoustic nerve) is one of two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve, a cranial nerve present in amniotes, the other part being the vestibular nerve. Auditory system and cochlear nerve are Audiology.
See Auditory system and Cochlear nerve
Cochlear nucleus
The cochlear nucleus (CN) or cochlear nuclear complex comprises two cranial nerve nuclei in the human brainstem, the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) and the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN). Auditory system and cochlear nucleus are Audiology.
See Auditory system and Cochlear nucleus
Cranial nerves
Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), of which there are conventionally considered twelve pairs.
See Auditory system and Cranial nerves
Decussation
Decussation is used in biological contexts to describe a crossing (due to the shape of the Roman numeral for ten, an uppercase 'X' (decussis)). In Latin anatomical terms, the form decussatio is used, e.g. decussatio pyramidum.
See Auditory system and Decussation
Dorsal cochlear nucleus
The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN, also known as the "tuberculum acusticum") is a cortex-like structure on the dorso-lateral surface of the brainstem.
See Auditory system and Dorsal cochlear nucleus
Ear
An ear is the organ that enables hearing and (in mammals) body balance using the vestibular system.
Ear canal
The ear canal (external acoustic meatus, external auditory meatus, EAM) is a pathway running from the outer ear to the middle ear. Auditory system and ear canal are Audiology.
See Auditory system and Ear canal
Eardrum
In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear.
See Auditory system and Eardrum
Endaural phenomena
Endaural phenomena are sounds that are heard without any external acoustic stimulation.
See Auditory system and Endaural phenomena
Endolymph
Endolymph is the fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear.
See Auditory system and Endolymph
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobe is the largest of the four major lobes of the brain in mammals, and is located at the front of each cerebral hemisphere (in front of the parietal lobe and the temporal lobe). Auditory system and frontal lobe are Neurology.
See Auditory system and Frontal lobe
General somatic efferent fiber
The general (spinal) somatic efferent neurons (GSE, somatomotor, or somatic motor fibers) arise from motor neuron cell bodies in the ventral horns of the gray matter within the spinal cord.
See Auditory system and General somatic efferent fiber
Glutamic acid
Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E; the anionic form is known as glutamate) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins.
See Auditory system and Glutamic acid
Hair cell
Hair cells are the sensory receptors of both the auditory system and the vestibular system in the ears of all vertebrates, and in the lateral line organ of fishes.
See Auditory system and Hair cell
Health effects from noise
Noise health effects are the physical and psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels.
See Auditory system and Health effects from noise
Hearing
Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sounds through an organ, such as an ear, by detecting vibrations as periodic changes in the pressure of a surrounding medium. Auditory system and Hearing are Audiology.
See Auditory system and Hearing
Hertz
The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), equivalent to one event (or cycle) per second.
Hyperacusis
Hyperacusis is an increased sensitivity to sound and a low tolerance for environmental noise. Auditory system and Hyperacusis are Audiology.
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Incus
The incus (incudes) or anvil in the ear is one of three small bones (ossicles) in the middle ear.
Inferior colliculus
The inferior colliculus (IC) (Latin for lower hill) is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several peripheral brainstem nuclei in the auditory pathway, as well as inputs from the auditory cortex.
See Auditory system and Inferior colliculus
Inferior parietal lobule
The inferior parietal lobule (subparietal district) lies below the horizontal portion of the intraparietal sulcus, and behind the lower part of the postcentral sulcus.
See Auditory system and Inferior parietal lobule
Inner ear
The inner ear (internal ear, auris interna) is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. Auditory system and inner ear are Audiology.
See Auditory system and Inner ear
Interaural time difference
The interaural time difference (or ITD) when concerning humans or animals, is the difference in arrival time of a sound between two ears.
See Auditory system and Interaural time difference
Language processing in the brain
In psycholinguistics, language processing refers to the way humans use words to communicate ideas and feelings, and how such communications are processed and understood.
See Auditory system and Language processing in the brain
Malleus
The malleus, or hammer, is a hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear.
See Auditory system and Malleus
Mammal
A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.
See Auditory system and Mammal
The medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) or medial geniculate body (MGB) is part of the auditory thalamus and represents the thalamic relay between the inferior colliculus (IC) and the auditory cortex (AC).
See Auditory system and Medial geniculate nucleus
Midbrain
The midbrain or mesencephalon is the rostral-most portion of the brainstem connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. It consists of the cerebral peduncles, tegmentum, and tectum.
See Auditory system and Midbrain
Middle ear
The middle ear is the portion of the ear medial to the eardrum, and distal to the oval window of the cochlea (of the inner ear). Auditory system and middle ear are Audiology.
See Auditory system and Middle ear
Middle temporal gyrus
Middle temporal gyrus is a gyrus in the brain on the temporal lobe.
See Auditory system and Middle temporal gyrus
Neuroscience of music
The neuroscience of music is the scientific study of brain-based mechanisms involved in the cognitive processes underlying music.
See Auditory system and Neuroscience of music
Olivary body
The olivary bodies or simply olives (Latin oliva and olivae, singular and plural, respectively) are a pair of prominent oval structures on either side of the medullary pyramids in the medulla, the lower portion of the brainstem.
See Auditory system and Olivary body
Organ of Corti
The organ of Corti, or spiral organ, is the receptor organ for hearing and is located in the mammalian cochlea. Auditory system and organ of Corti are Audiology.
See Auditory system and Organ of Corti
Ossicles
The ossicles (also called auditory ossicles) are three bones in either middle ear that are among the smallest bones in the human body.
See Auditory system and Ossicles
Outer ear
The outer ear, external ear, or auris externa is the external part of the ear, which consists of the auricle (also pinna) and the ear canal.
See Auditory system and Outer ear
Oval window
The oval window (or fenestra vestibuli or fenestra ovalis) is a connective tissue membrane-covered opening from the middle ear to the cochlea of the inner ear.
See Auditory system and Oval window
PCDH15
Protocadherin-15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PCDH15 gene.
See Auditory system and PCDH15
Perilymph
Perilymph is an extracellular fluid located within the inner ear.
See Auditory system and Perilymph
Photoreceptor cell
A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuroepithelial cell found in the retina that is capable of visual phototransduction.
See Auditory system and Photoreceptor cell
Pons
The pons (pontes; from Latin pons, "bridge", from Proto-Indo-European *pónteh₁s, “path, road”, from *pent-, “path”. Cognate with Sanskrit पन्था, pánthā-) is part of the brainstem that in humans and other mammals, lies inferior to the midbrain, superior to the medulla oblongata and anterior to the cerebellum. Auditory system and pons are Neurology.
Postsynaptic potential
Postsynaptic potentials are changes in the membrane potential of the postsynaptic terminal of a chemical synapse.
See Auditory system and Postsynaptic potential
Prestin
Prestin is a protein that is critical to sensitive hearing in mammals.
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Receptive field
The receptive field, or sensory space, is a delimited medium where some physiological stimuli can evoke a sensory neuronal response in specific organisms.
See Auditory system and Receptive field
Round window
The round window is one of the two openings from the middle ear into the inner ear.
See Auditory system and Round window
Selective auditory attention
Selective auditory attention, or selective hearing, is a process of the auditory system where an individual selects or focuses on certain stimuli for auditory information processing while other stimuli are disregarded.
See Auditory system and Selective auditory attention
Sensory nervous system
The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information.
See Auditory system and Sensory nervous system
Sound
In physics, sound is a vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid. Auditory system and sound are hearing.
Sound localization
Sound localization is a listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound in direction and distance. Auditory system and sound localization are hearing.
See Auditory system and Sound localization
Speech perception
Speech perception is the process by which the sounds of language are heard, interpreted, and understood. Auditory system and Speech perception are hearing.
See Auditory system and Speech perception
Spiral ganglion
The spiral (cochlear) ganglion is a group of neuron cell bodies in the modiolus, the conical central axis of the cochlea. Auditory system and spiral ganglion are Audiology.
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Stapedius muscle
The stapedius is the smallest skeletal muscle in the human body.
See Auditory system and Stapedius muscle
Stapes
The stapes or stirrup is a bone in the middle ear of humans and other animals which is involved in the conduction of sound vibrations to the inner ear.
See Auditory system and Stapes
Stereocilia
Stereocilia (or stereovilli or villi) are non-motile apical cell modifications.
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Superior colliculus
In neuroanatomy, the superior colliculus is a structure lying on the roof of the mammalian midbrain.
See Auditory system and Superior colliculus
Superior olivary complex
The superior olivary complex (SOC) or superior olive is a collection of brainstem nuclei that is located in pons, functions in multiple aspects of hearing and is an important component of the ascending and descending auditory pathways of the auditory system.
See Auditory system and Superior olivary complex
Superior temporal gyrus
The superior temporal gyrus (STG) is one of three (sometimes two) gyri in the temporal lobe of the human brain, which is located laterally to the head, situated somewhat above the external ear.
See Auditory system and Superior temporal gyrus
Superior temporal sulcus
In the human brain, the superior temporal sulcus (STS) is the sulcus separating the superior temporal gyrus from the middle temporal gyrus in the temporal lobe of the brain.
See Auditory system and Superior temporal sulcus
Tectorial membrane
The tectoria membrane (TM) is one of two acellular membranes in the cochlea of the inner ear, the other being the basilar membrane (BM).
See Auditory system and Tectorial membrane
Thalamus
The thalamus (thalami; from Greek θάλαμος, "chamber") is a large mass of gray matter on the lateral walls of the third ventricle forming the dorsal part of the diencephalon (a division of the forebrain).
See Auditory system and Thalamus
Tinnitus
Tinnitus is a variety of sound that is heard when no corresponding external sound is present. Auditory system and Tinnitus are Audiology.
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Trapezoid body
The trapezoid body or ventral acoustic stria is a structure in the pontine tegmentum formed by the crossing-over (decussation) of a portion of the efferent second-order fibers of the ventral cochlear nucleus (anterior cochlear nucleus).
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Tympanic duct
The tympanic duct or scala tympani is one of the perilymph-filled cavities in the inner ear of humans. Auditory system and tympanic duct are Audiology.
See Auditory system and Tympanic duct
Ventral cochlear nucleus
In the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), auditory nerve fibers enter the brain via the nerve root in the VCN.
See Auditory system and Ventral cochlear nucleus
Vertebrate
Vertebrates are deuterostomal animals with bony or cartilaginous axial endoskeleton — known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone — around and along the spinal cord, including all fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
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Vestibular duct
The vestibular duct or scala vestibuli is a perilymph-filled cavity inside the cochlea of the inner ear that conducts sound vibrations to the cochlear duct.
See Auditory system and Vestibular duct
Vestibular nerve
The vestibular nerve is one of the two branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve (the cochlear nerve being the other).
See Auditory system and Vestibular nerve
Vestibulocochlear nerve
The vestibulocochlear nerve or auditory vestibular nerve, also known as the eighth cranial nerve, cranial nerve VIII, or simply CN VIII, is a cranial nerve that transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain. Auditory system and vestibulocochlear nerve are Neurology.
See Auditory system and Vestibulocochlear nerve
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_system
Also known as Auditory brain center, Auditory pathway, Auditory pathways, Central auditory system, Disorders of the auditory system, Hearing (Auditory System), Human auditory system, Listening process.
, Neuroscience of music, Olivary body, Organ of Corti, Ossicles, Outer ear, Oval window, PCDH15, Perilymph, Photoreceptor cell, Pons, Postsynaptic potential, Prestin, Receptive field, Round window, Selective auditory attention, Sensory nervous system, Sound, Sound localization, Speech perception, Spiral ganglion, Stapedius muscle, Stapes, Stereocilia, Superior colliculus, Superior olivary complex, Superior temporal gyrus, Superior temporal sulcus, Tectorial membrane, Thalamus, Tinnitus, Trapezoid body, Tympanic duct, Ventral cochlear nucleus, Vertebrate, Vestibular duct, Vestibular nerve, Vestibulocochlear nerve.