Automotive design, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 160 relations: Aesthetics, Alec Issigonis, Alfred P. Sloan, Alternative fuel vehicle, AMC AMX, AMC Cavalier, AMC Gremlin, AMC Matador, AMC Pacer, American Motors Corporation, Architecture, Aston Martin, Auburn Automobile, Audi, Autobahn, Autodesk Alias, Automotive aerodynamics, Automotive engineering, Automotive safety, Avions Voisin, Česká zbrojovka Strakonice, Škoda Auto, Bauhaus, Bob Lutz (businessman), Body-on-frame, Bohemia, British Empire, Bruno Sacco, Bugatti, Bus, Cab forward, Car, Car body configurations, Car body style, Car classification, Car model, Car platform, Car tailfin, Carpet, Chris Bangle, Chrysler, Chrysler Airflow, Citroën, Citroën DS, Class A surface, Clay modeling, Coach (bus), Coachbuilder, Color, Communism, ... Expand index (110 more) »

Aesthetics

Aesthetics (also spelled esthetics) is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of beauty and the nature of taste; and functions as the philosophy of art.

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Alec Issigonis

Sir Alexander Arnold Constantine Issigonis (Greek: σερ Άλεκ, Αλέξανδρος Αρνόλδος Κωνσταντίνος Ισηγόνης) (18 November 1906 – 2 October 1988) was a British-Greek automotive designer.

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Alfred P. Sloan

Alfred Pritchard Sloan Jr. (May 23, 1875February 17, 1966) was an American business executive in the automotive industry.

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Alternative fuel vehicle

An alternative fuel vehicle is a motor vehicle that runs on alternative fuel rather than traditional petroleum fuels (petrol or petrodiesel).

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AMC AMX

The AMC AMX is a two-seat GT-style muscle car produced by American Motors Corporation from 1968 through 1970.

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AMC Cavalier

The AMC Cavalier was a compact concept presented by American Motors (AMC) in 1965, noted for symmetrical elements of its design and its interchangeable body parts.

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AMC Gremlin

The AMC Gremlin (also American Motors Gremlin) is a subcompact automobile introduced in 1970, manufactured and marketed in a single, two-door body style (1970–1978) by American Motors Corporation (AMC), as well as in Mexico (1974–1983) by AMC's Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos (VAM) subsidiary.

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AMC Matador

The AMC Matador is a series of American automobiles that were manufactured and marketed by American Motors Corporation (AMC) across two generations, from 1971 through 1973 (mid-size) and 1974 until 1978 (full-size), in two-door hardtop (first generation) and coupe (second generation) versions, as well as in four-door sedan and station wagon body styles.

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AMC Pacer

The AMC Pacer is a two-door compact car produced in the United States by American Motors Corporation (AMC) from 1975 through the 1980 model year.

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American Motors Corporation

American Motors Corporation (AMC; commonly referred to as American Motors) was an American automobile manufacturing company formed by the merger of Nash-Kelvinator Corporation and Hudson Motor Car Company on May 1, 1954.

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Architecture

Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction.

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Aston Martin

Aston Martin Lagonda Global Holdings PLC is a British manufacturer of luxury sports cars and grand tourers.

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Auburn Automobile

Auburn was a brand name of American automobiles produced from 1900 to 1937, most known for the Auburn Speedster models it produced, which were fast, good-looking and expensive.

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Audi

Audi AG is a German automotive manufacturer of luxury vehicles headquartered in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany.

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Autobahn

The Autobahn (German plural) is the federal controlled-access highway system in Germany.

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Autodesk Alias

Autodesk Alias (formerly known as Alias StudioTools) is a family of computer-aided industrial design (CAID) software predominantly used in automotive design and industrial design for generating class A surfaces using Bézier surface and non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) modeling method.

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Automotive aerodynamics

Automotive aerodynamics is the study of the aerodynamics of road vehicles.

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Automotive engineering

Automotive engineering, along with aerospace engineering and naval architecture, is a branch of vehicle engineering, incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software, and safety engineering as applied to the design, manufacture and operation of motorcycles, automobiles, and trucks and their respective engineering subsystems.

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Automotive safety

Automotive safety is the study and practice of automotive design, construction, equipment and regulation to minimize the occurrence and consequences of traffic collisions involving motor vehicles.

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Avions Voisin

Avions Voisin was a French luxury automobile brand established by Gabriel Voisin in 1919 which traded until 1939.

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Česká zbrojovka Strakonice

Česká zbrojovka a.s. (ČZ a.s.) is a Czech company producing forklifts Desta and components for the automobile industry, it is former firearms manufacturer, also known for making ČZ motorcycles.

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Škoda Auto

Škoda Auto a.s., often shortened to Škoda, is a Czech automobile manufacturer established in 1925 as the successor to Laurin & Klement and headquartered in Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic.

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Bauhaus

The Staatliches Bauhaus, commonly known as the, was a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts.

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Bob Lutz (businessman)

Robert Anthony Lutz (born February 12, 1932) is a Swiss-American automotive executive.

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Body-on-frame

Body-on-frame is a traditional motor vehicle construction method whereby a separate body or coach is mounted on a strong and relatively rigid vehicle frame or chassis that carries the powertrain (the engine and drivetrain) and to which the wheels and their suspension, brakes, and steering are mounted.

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Bohemia

Bohemia (Čechy; Böhmen; Čěska; Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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Bruno Sacco

Bruno Sacco (born 12 November 1933) is a retired Italian-German automobile designer and chief engineer, who served as the head of styling at the Daimler-Benz AG, the German manufacturer of Mercedes-Benz automobiles and trucks, from 1975 to 1999.

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Bugatti

Automobiles Ettore Bugatti was a German then French manufacturer of high-performance automobiles.

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Bus

A bus (contracted from omnibus, with variants multibus, motorbus, autobus, etc.) is a road vehicle that carries significantly more passengers than an average car or van, but less than the average rail transport.

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Cab forward

The term cab forward locomotive refers to various rail and road vehicle designs that place the driver's compartment substantially farther towards the front than is common practice.

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Car

A car, or an automobile, is a motor vehicle with wheels.

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Car body configurations

The configuration of a car body is typically determined by the layout of the engine, passenger and luggage compartments, which can be shared or separately articulated.

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Car body style

There are many types of car body styles.

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Car classification

Governments and private organizations have developed car classification schemes that are used for various purposes including regulation, description, and categorization of cars.

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Car model

The model of a car is its design, in the context of the manufacturer's range or series of cars.

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Car platform

A car platform is a shared set of common design, engineering, and production efforts, as well as major components, over a number of outwardly distinct models and even types of cars, often from different, but somewhat related, marques.

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Car tailfin

The tailfin era of automobile styling encompassed the 1950s and 1960s, peaking between 1955 and 1961.

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Carpet

A carpet is a textile floor covering typically consisting of an upper layer of pile attached to a backing.

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Chris Bangle

Christopher Edward Bangle (born October 14, 1956) is an American automobile designer.

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Chrysler

FCA US, LLC, doing business as Stellantis North America and known historically as Chrysler, is one of the "Big Three" automobile manufacturers in the United States, headquartered in Auburn Hills, Michigan.

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Chrysler Airflow

The Chrysler Airflow is a full-size car produced by Chrysler from 1934 to 1937. The Airflow was the first full-size American production car to use streamlining as a basis for building a sleeker automobile, one less susceptible to air resistance. Chrysler made a significant effort at a fundamental change in automotive design with the Chrysler Airflow, but it was ultimately a commercial failure due to a lack of market acceptance and controversial appearance.

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Citroën

CitroënThe double-dot diacritic over the 'e' is a diaeresis (tréma) indicating the two vowels are sounded separately, and not as a diphthong.

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Citroën DS

The Citroën DS is a front mid-engined, front-wheel drive executive car manufactured and marketed by Citroën from 1955 to 1975, in fastback/sedan, wagon/estate, and convertible body configurations, across three series of one generation.

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Class A surface

In automotive design, a class A surface is any of a set of freeform surfaces of high efficiency and quality.

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Clay modeling

Clay modeling (or clay model making) for automobile prototypes was first introduced in the 1930s by automobile designer Harley Earl, head of the General Motors styling studio (known initially as the Art and Color Section, and later as the Design and Styling Department).

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Coach (bus)

A coach (also known as a coach bus, motorcoach or parlor coach) is a type of bus built for longer-distance service, in contrast to transit buses that are typically used within a single metropolitan region.

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Coachbuilder

A coachbuilder or body-maker is a person or company who manufactures bodies for passenger-carrying vehicles.

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Color

Color (American English) or colour (British and Commonwealth English) is the visual perception based on the electromagnetic spectrum.

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Communism

Communism (from Latin label) is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need.

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Computer-aided industrial design

Computer Aided Industrial Design (CAID) is a subset of computer-aided design (CAD) software that can assist in creating the look-and-feel or industrial design aspects of a product in development.

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Concept car

A concept car (also known as a concept vehicle, show vehicle or prototype) is a car made to showcase new styling or new technology.

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Cord 810/812

The Cord 810, and later Cord 812, was a luxury automobile produced by the Cord Automobile division of the Auburn Automobile Company in 1936 and 1937.

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Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko) was a landlocked state in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary.

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Dashtop mobile

Dashtop mobile equipment refers to wireless mobile devices mounted on the vehicle dashboard.

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David Bache

David Ernest Bache (14 June 1925 – 26 November 1994) was a British automobile designer.

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Design

A design is the concept of or proposal for an object, process, or system.

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Detroit

Detroit is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan.

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Dick Teague

Richard Arthur "Dick" Teague (December 26, 1923 – May 5, 1991) was an American industrial designer in the North American automotive industry.

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Ecological design

Ecological design or ecodesign is an approach to designing products and services that gives special consideration to the environmental impacts of a product over its entire lifecycle.

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Ercole Spada

Ercole Spada (born 26 July 1937 in Busto Arsizio) is an Italian automobile designer.

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Ergonomics

Ergonomics, also known as human factors or human factors engineering (HFE), is the application of psychological and physiological principles to the engineering and design of products, processes, and systems.

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Facelift (automotive)

An automotive facelift, also known as mid-generational refresh, minor model change, minor model update, or life cycle impulse, comprises changes to a vehicle's styling during its production run including, to highly variable degree, new sheetmetal, interior design elements or mechanical changes, allowing a carmaker to freshen a model without a complete redesign.

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Fashion

Fashion is a term used interchangeably to describe the creation of clothing, footwear, accessories, cosmetics, and jewellery of different cultural aesthetics and their mix and match into outfits that depict distinctive ways of dressing (styles and trends) as signifiers of social status, self-expression, and group belonging.

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Ferdinand Porsche

Ferdinand Porsche (3 September 1875 – 30 January 1951) was an Austrian-Bohemian-German automotive engineer and founder of the Porsche AG.

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Ferrari

Ferrari S.p.A. is an Italian luxury sports car manufacturer based in Maranello.

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Flaminio Bertoni

Flaminio Bertoni (Masnago, Italy, 10 January 1903 – Paris, France, 7 February 1964) was an Italian automobile designer from the years preceding World War II until his death in 1964.

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Ford Motor Company

Ford Motor Company (commonly known as Ford) is an American multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, United States.

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Ford Mustang

The Ford Mustang is a series of American automobiles manufactured by Ford.

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Ford Sierra

The Ford Sierra is a mid-size car or large family car manufactured and marketed by Ford Europe from 1982–1993, designed by Uwe Bahnsen, Robert Lutz and Patrick le Quément — and noted for its aerodynamic styling producing a drag coefficient of 0.34, a significant improvement over its predecessors.

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Ford Thunderbird

The Ford Thunderbird (colloquially called the T-Bird) is a personal luxury car manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company from model years 1955 to 2005 (with a 1997–2002 hiatus), across 11 generations.

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France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

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General Motors

General Motors Company (GM) is an American multinational automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, United States.

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Giorgetto Giugiaro

Giorgetto Giugiaro (born 7 August 1938) is an Italian automotive designer.

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Giovanni Michelotti

Giovanni Michelotti (6 October 1921 – 23 January 1980) was one of the most prolific designers of sports cars in the 20th century.

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Glossary of automotive design

A glossary of terms relating to automotive design.

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Gordon Buehrig

Gordon Miller Buehrig (B-yur-rig) (June 18, 1904 – January 22, 1990) was an American automobile designer.

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Graphic design

Graphic design is a profession, academic discipline and applied art whose activity consists in projecting visual communications intended to transmit specific messages to social groups, with specific objectives.

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H-point

The H-point (or hip-point) is the theoretical, relative location of an occupant's hip: specifically the pivot point between the torso and upper leg portions of the body—as used in vehicle design, automotive design and vehicle regulation as well as other disciplines including chair and furniture design.

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Harley Earl

Harley Jarvis Earl (November 22, 1893 – April 10, 1969) was an American automotive designer and business executive.

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HD Radio

HD Radio (HDR) is a trademark for an in-band on-channel (IBOC) digital radio broadcast technology.

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Henry Ford

Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist and business magnate.

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Ian Callum

Ian Stuart Callum (born 30 July 1954) is a British car designer who has worked for Ford, TWR, and Aston Martin.

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ICEM Surf

ICEM Surf is a computer-aided industrial design (a.k.a. CAID) software used for creating 3D digital surfaces for automotive design and industrial design.

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Industrial design

Industrial design is a process of design applied to physical products that are to be manufactured by mass production.

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Industrial plasticine

Industrial plasticine is a modeling material which is mainly used by automotive design studios.

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Jaguar Cars

Jaguar is the sports car and luxury vehicle brand of Jaguar Land Rover, a British multinational car manufacturer with its headquarters in Whitley, Coventry, England.

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Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland.

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Jawa Moto

JAWA is a motorcycle and moped manufacturer founded in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in 1929 by František Janeček, Retrieved 2014-03-01 who bought the motorcycle division of Wanderer.

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Jeep Cherokee (XJ)

The Jeep Cherokee (XJ) is a sport utility vehicle manufactured and marketed across a single generation by Jeep in the United States from 1983 through 2001 — and globally through 2014.

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Karmann

Wilhelm Karmann GmbH, commonly known as Karmann, was a German automobile manufacturer and contract manufacturer based in Osnabrück, Germany.

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Koenigsegg

Koenigsegg Automotive AB is a Swedish manufacturer of high-performance sports cars based in Ängelholm, Skåne County, Sweden.

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Lamborghini

Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. is an Italian manufacturer of luxury sports cars and SUVs based in Sant'Agata Bolognese.

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Lancia

Lancia is an Italian car manufacturer and a subsidiary of Stellantis Europe, which is currently a Stellantis division.

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Land Rover

Land Rover is a British brand of predominantly four-wheel drive, off-road capable vehicles, owned by multinational car manufacturer Jaguar Land Rover (JLR), since 2008 a subsidiary of India's Tata Motors.

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Leather

Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay.

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List of auto parts

This is a list of auto parts, which are manufactured components of automobiles.

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Marcello Gandini

Marcello Gandini (26 August 1938 – 13 March 2024) was an Italian car designer, widely known for his work with the Italian car design house, Bertone, where his work included designing the Alfa Romeo Carabo and Montreal, Lancia Stratos Zero, Maserati Khamsin, Ferrari GT4, Fiat X1/9, and several Lamborghinis, including the Bravo, Miura, Marzal, Espada, Urraco, and Countach.

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Market segmentation

In marketing, market segmentation or customer segmentation is the process of dividing a consumer or business market into meaningful sub-groups of current or potential customers (or consumers) known as segments.

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Marketing research

Marketing research is the systematic gathering, recording, and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data about issues relating to marketing products and services.

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Maserati

Maserati S.p.A. is an Italian luxury vehicle manufacturer.

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Mass production

Mass production, also known as flow production, series production, series manufacture, or continuous production, is the production of substantial amounts of standardized products in a constant flow, including and especially on assembly lines.

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Mercedes-Benz

Mercedes-Benz, commonly referred to as Mercedes and sometimes as Benz, is a German luxury and commercial vehicle automotive brand established in 1926.

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MG cars

MG is a British automotive marque founded by Cecil Kimber in the 1920s, and M.G. Car Company Limited was the British sports car manufacturer existing between 1930 and 1972 that made the marque well known.

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Mini

The Mini (developed as ADO15) is a small, two-door, four-seat car produced by the British Motor Corporation (BMC) and its successors, from 1959 until 2000.

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Model year

The model year (sometimes abbreviated as MY) is a method of describing the version of a product which has been produced over multiple years.

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Monocoque

Monocoque, also called structural skin, is a structural system in which loads are supported by an object's external skin, in a manner similar to an egg shell.

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Motor vehicle

A motor vehicle, also known as a motorized vehicle, automotive vehicle, '''automobile,''' or road vehicle, is a self-propelled land vehicle, commonly wheeled, that does not operate on rails (such as trains or trams) and is used for the transportation of people or cargo.

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Motorcycle

A motorcycle (motorbike, bike, or, if three-wheeled, a trike) is a two or three-wheeled motor vehicle steered by a handlebar from a saddle-style seat.

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Nazism

Nazism, formally National Socialism (NS; Nationalsozialismus), is the far-right totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany.

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Paint

Paint is a material or mixture that, when applied to a solid material and allowed to dry, adds a film-like layer.

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Patrick Le Quément

Patrick Gilles Marie Le Quément (born 4 February 1945 in Marseille) is a retired French car designer, formerly chief designer of Renault.

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Peugeot

Peugeot is a French brand of automobiles owned by Stellantis.

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Pininfarina

Pininfarina S.p.A. (short for Carrozzeria Pininfarina) is an Italian car design firm and coachbuilder, with headquarters in Cambiano, Turin, Italy.

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Planned obsolescence

In economics and industrial design, planned obsolescence (also called built-in obsolescence or premature obsolescence) is the concept of policies planning or designing a product with an artificially limited useful life or a purposely frail design, so that it becomes obsolete after a certain predetermined period of time upon which it decrementally functions or suddenly ceases to function, or might be perceived as unfashionable.

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Plastic

Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that use polymers as a main ingredient.

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Ponton (car)

Ponton or pontoon styling is an automotive design genre that spanned roughly from the 1930s-1960s, when pontoon-like bodywork enclosed the full width and uninterrupted length of a car body — eliminating previously distinct running boards and articulated fenders.

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Pony car

Pony car is an American car classification for affordable, compact, highly styled coupés or convertibles with a "sporty" or performance-oriented image.

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Porsche

Dr.

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Powertrain

In a motor vehicle, the powertrain comprises the main components that generate power and deliver that power to the road surface, water, or air.

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Powertrain layout

The powertrain layout of a motorised vehicle such as a car is often defined by the location of the engine or motors and the drive wheels.

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Praga (company)

Praga is a manufacturing company based in Prague, Czech Republic.

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Pre-production car

Pre-production cars are vehicles that allow the automaker to find problems before a new model goes on sale to the public.

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Product concept

A product concept is a description of a product or service, at an early stage in the product lifecycle.

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Product design

Product design is the process of creating new products for sale businesses to its customers.

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Production line

A production line is a set of sequential operations established in a factory where components are assembled to make a finished article or where materials are put through a refining process to produce an end-product that is suitable for onward consumption.

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Prototype

A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process.

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Range Rover

The Land Rover Range Rover, generally shortened to Range Rover, is a 4x4 luxury SUV produced by Land Rover, a marque and sub-brand of Jaguar Land Rover.

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Raymond Loewy

Raymond Loewy (November 5, 1893 – July 14, 1986) was a French-born American industrial designer who achieved fame for the magnitude of his design efforts across a variety of industries.

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Regulation and licensure in engineering

Regulation and licensure in engineering is established by various jurisdictions of the world to encourage life, public welfare, safety, well-being, then environment and other interests of the general public and to define the licensure process through which an engineer becomes licensed to practice engineering and to provide professional services and products to the public.

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Renault

Groupe Renault (also known as the Renault Group in English; legally Renault S.A.) is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899.

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Saab Ursaab

Ursaab (lit. Proto-Saab), also known as 92001 and X9248, was the first of four prototype cars made by Saab AB, which at that time was solely an aeroplane manufacturer, leading to production of the first Saab car, the Saab 92 in 1949.

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Satellite radio

Satellite radio is defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)'s ITU Radio Regulations (RR) as a broadcasting-satellite service.

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Scandinavian design

Scandinavian design is a design movement characterized by simplicity, minimalism and functionality that emerged in the early 20th century, and subsequently flourished in the 1950s throughout the five Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and Iceland.

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Sketch (drawing)

A sketch (ultimately from Greek σχέδιος – schedios, "done extempore") is a rapidly executed freehand drawing that is not usually intended as a finished work.

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South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia.

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Stamping (also known as pressing) is the process of placing flat sheet metal in either blank or coil form into a stamping press where a tool and die surface forms the metal into a net shape.

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Studebaker

Studebaker was an American wagon and automobile manufacturer based in South Bend, Indiana, with a building at 1600 Broadway, Times Square, Midtown Manhattan, New York City.

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Studebaker Avanti

The Studebaker Avanti is a personal luxury coupe manufactured and marketed by Studebaker Corporation between June 1962 and December 1963.

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Tatra (company)

Tatra is a Czech vehicle manufacturer from Kopřivnice.

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Team

A team is a group of individuals (human or non-human) working together to achieve their goal.

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Textile

Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc.

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Texture (visual arts)

In the visual arts, texture refers to the perceived surface quality of a work of art.

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Trim level (automobile)

Trim levels are used by manufacturers to identify a vehicle's level of equipment or special features.

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Triumph Motor Company

The Triumph Motor Company was a British car and motor manufacturing company in the 19th and 20th centuries.

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Truck

A truck or lorry is a motor vehicle designed to transport freight, carry specialized payloads, or perform other utilitarian work.

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Turin

Turin (Torino) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy.

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Uwe Bahnsen

Uwe Bahnsen (1930 in Hamburg – 30 July 2013 in south-west France) was an accomplished German painter, sculptor and car designer, widely noted for his 28-year career at Ford Motor Company, where he designed the second-generation Mercury Capri (1973), the Ford Scorpio and notably, the highly aerodynamic and unconventional Ford Sierra.

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Van

A van is a type of road vehicle used for transporting goods or people.

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Virgil Exner

Virgil Max "Ex" Exner Sr. (September 24, 1909 – December 22, 1973) was an automobile designer for several American automobile companies, most notably Chrysler and Studebaker.

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Virtual tuning

Virtual tuning, colloquially known as 'chopping' or 'VTuning', is the 2D graphical modification of automobiles, with the use of raster graphics editing software.

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Volkswagen

Volkswagen (VW)English:,. is a German automobile manufacturer headquartered in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Walter de Silva

Walter Maria de Silva (born 27 February 1951) is an Italian car designer and former head of Volkswagen Group Design, until 2015.

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William Lyons

Sir William Lyons (4 September 1901 – 8 February 1985), known as "Mr.

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William Towns

William Towns (1936–1993) also known as Bill Towns, was a British car designer, most known for his designs for Aston Martin, including the 1967 DBS, as well as the futuristic and angular Mk.II Lagonda and Bulldog concept car.

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Wind tunnel

Wind tunnels are machines in which objects are held stationary inside a tube, and air is blown around it to study the interaction between the object and the moving air.

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World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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Zetor

Zetor (since January 1, 2007, officially Zetor Tractors a.s.) is a Czech agricultural machinery manufacturer.

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3D printing

3D printing or additive manufacturing is the construction of a three-dimensional object from a CAD model or a digital 3D model.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_design

Also known as Automobile Exterior Equipment, Automobile design, Automobile designer, Automobile stylist, Automotive designer, Automotive styling, Automotive stylist, Car design, Car designer, Car stylist, Exterior design, History of automotive design, Vehicle design.

, Computer-aided industrial design, Concept car, Cord 810/812, Czechoslovakia, Dashtop mobile, David Bache, Design, Detroit, Dick Teague, Ecological design, Ercole Spada, Ergonomics, Facelift (automotive), Fashion, Ferdinand Porsche, Ferrari, Flaminio Bertoni, Ford Motor Company, Ford Mustang, Ford Sierra, Ford Thunderbird, France, General Motors, Giorgetto Giugiaro, Giovanni Michelotti, Glossary of automotive design, Gordon Buehrig, Graphic design, H-point, Harley Earl, HD Radio, Henry Ford, Ian Callum, ICEM Surf, Industrial design, Industrial plasticine, Jaguar Cars, Japan, Jawa Moto, Jeep Cherokee (XJ), Karmann, Koenigsegg, Lamborghini, Lancia, Land Rover, Leather, List of auto parts, Marcello Gandini, Market segmentation, Marketing research, Maserati, Mass production, Mercedes-Benz, MG cars, Mini, Model year, Monocoque, Motor vehicle, Motorcycle, Nazism, Paint, Patrick Le Quément, Peugeot, Pininfarina, Planned obsolescence, Plastic, Ponton (car), Pony car, Porsche, Powertrain, Powertrain layout, Praga (company), Pre-production car, Product concept, Product design, Production line, Prototype, Range Rover, Raymond Loewy, Regulation and licensure in engineering, Renault, Saab Ursaab, Satellite radio, Scandinavian design, Sketch (drawing), South Korea, Stamping (metalworking), Studebaker, Studebaker Avanti, Tatra (company), Team, Textile, Texture (visual arts), Trim level (automobile), Triumph Motor Company, Truck, Turin, Uwe Bahnsen, Van, Virgil Exner, Virtual tuning, Volkswagen, Walter de Silva, William Lyons, William Towns, Wind tunnel, World War I, World War II, Zetor, 3D printing.