Azerbaijanis, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 304 relations: Abbas the Great, Abortion, Academy Award for Best International Feature Film, Afshar people, Ajam, Al-Masudi, Alborz province, Alexander the Great, Ali bey Huseynzade, Ali Daei, Allegory, Allele, Allies of World War II, Anatolia, Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran, Animism, Aq Qoyunlu, Arabic, Arabs, Aras (river), Ardabil, Ardabil province, Armenians, Arran (Caucasus), Ashik, Atar, Atropatene, Atropates, Ayrums, Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, Azerbaijan People's Government, Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, Azerbaijan State News Agency, Azerbaijan–Iran relations, Azerbaijani language, Azerbaijani national identity, Azerbaijani traditional clothing, Aziza Mustafa Zadeh, Bağlama, Babak Khorramdin, Baháʼí Faith, Baku, Baku Governorate, Baku State University, Balaban (instrument), Ballad, Bard, Basra, ... Expand index (254 more) »

2. Azerbaijani people
3. Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan
4. Ethnic groups in Georgia (country)
5. Muslim communities of the Caucasus

Abbas the Great

Abbas I (translit; 27 January 1571 – 19 January 1629), commonly known as Abbas the Great (translit), was the fifth shah of Safavid Iran from 1588 to 1629.

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Abortion

Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus.

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Academy Award for Best International Feature Film

The Academy Award for Best International Feature Film (known as Best Foreign Language Film prior to 2020) is one of the Academy Awards handed out annually by the U.S.-based Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS).

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Afshar people

Afshar (Əfşar افشار; Avşar, Afşar; Owşar اوْوشار; Afshār) is a tribe of Oghuz Turkic origin, that split into several groups in Iran, Turkey and Afghanistan.

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Ajam

Ajam (ʿajam) is an Arabic word meaning mute.

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Al-Masudi

al-Masʿūdī (full name, أبو الحسن علي بن الحسين بن علي المسعودي), –956, was a historian, geographer and traveler.

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Alborz province

Alborz province (استان البرز) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.

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Ali bey Huseynzade

Ali bey Huseyn oghlu Huseynzade (Əli bəy Hüseyn oğlu Hüseynzadə; Hüseyinzade Ali Turan; Salyan, March 7, 1864 – Istanbul, March 17, 1940) was an Azerbaijani writer, thinker, philosopher, artist, doctor, and the creator of the modern Flag of Azerbaijan.

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Ali Daei

Ali Daei (علی دایی; born 21 March 1969) is an Iranian football manager and former professional footballer.

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Allegory

As a literary device or artistic form, an allegory is a narrative or visual representation in which a character, place, or event can be interpreted to represent a meaning with moral or political significance.

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Allele

An allele, or allelomorph, is a variant of the sequence of nucleotides at a particular location, or locus, on a DNA molecule.

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Allies of World War II

The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.

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Anatolia

Anatolia (Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula or a region in Turkey, constituting most of its contemporary territory.

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Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran

The Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran or Anglo-Soviet invasion of Persia was the joint invasion of the neutral Imperial State of Iran by the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union in August 1941.

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Animism

Animism (from meaning 'breath, spirit, life') is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence.

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Aq Qoyunlu

The Aq Qoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans (Ağqoyunlular) was a culturally Persianate,Kaushik Roy, Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400–1750, (Bloomsbury, 2014), 38; "Post-Mongol Persia and Iraq were ruled by two tribal confederations: Akkoyunlu (White Sheep) (1378–1507) and Qaraoyunlu (Black Sheep).

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Arabic

Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.

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Arabs

The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa. Azerbaijanis and Arabs are ethnic groups in the Middle East.

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Aras (river)

The Aras (also known as the Araks, Arax, Araxes, or Araz) is a river in the Caucasus.

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Ardabil

Ardabil (اردبیل.) is a city in northwestern Iran.

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Ardabil province

Ardabil Province (استان اردبیل) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Armenians

Armenians (hayer) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia. Azerbaijanis and Armenians are ethnic groups in the Middle East and peoples of the Caucasus.

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Arran (Caucasus)

Arran (Middle Persian form; Persian: اران or اردان), also known as Aran or Ardan, was a geographical name used in ancient and medieval times to signify a historically-Iranian region which lay within the triangle of land, lowland in the east and mountainous in the west, formed by the junction of the Kura and Aras rivers, including the highland and lowland Karabakh, Mil plain and parts of the Mughan plain.

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Ashik

An ashik (aşıq,:azb:آشؽق; âşık; —all from aç) or ashugh (աշուղ; აშუღი) is traditionally a singer-poet and bard who accompanies his song—be it a dastan (traditional epic story, also known as hikaye) or a shorter original composition—with a long-necked lute (usually a bağlama or saz) in Azerbaijani culture, including Turkish and South Azerbaijani and non-Turkic cultures of South Caucasus (primarily Armenian and Georgian).

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Atar

Atar, Atash, Azar (translit) or Dāštāɣni,, s.v. agni-. is the Zoroastrian concept of holy fire, sometimes described in abstract terms as "burning and unburning fire" or "visible and invisible fire" (Mirza, 1987:389).

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Atropatene

Atropatene (Ātṛpātakāna; Pahlavi: Ādurbādagān Ἀτροπατηνή), also known as Media Atropatene, was an ancient Iranian kingdom established in by the Persian satrap Atropates.

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Atropates

Atropates (*Ātr̥pātah and Middle Persian; Ἀτροπάτης; – after 321 BC) was a Persian nobleman who served Darius III, then Alexander the Great, and eventually founded an independent kingdom and dynasty that was named after him.

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Ayrums

Ayrums (Ayrımlar, in Persian often as Âyromlū) are a Turkic tribe, considered to be a sub-ethnic group of Azerbaijanis after the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Azerbaijanis and Ayrums are ethnic groups in Azerbaijan and ethnic groups in Iran.

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Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and West Asia.

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Azerbaijan (Iran)

Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan (italic), also known as Iranian Azerbaijan, is a historical region in northwestern Iran that borders Iraq and Turkey to the west, and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan proper to the north.

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Azerbaijan Democratic Republic

The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, also known as the Azerbaijan People's Republic, was the first secular democratic republic in the Turkic and Muslim worlds.

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Azerbaijan People's Government

The Azerbaijan People's Government (آذربایجان میللی حکومتی - Azərbaycan Milli Hökuməti; حکومت خودمختار آذربایجان) was a short-lived unrecognized secessionist state in northern Iran from November 1945 to December 1946.

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The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, also referred to as the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic, Azerbaijan SSR, Azerbaijani SSR, AzSSR, Soviet Azerbaijan or simply Azerbaijan, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union between 1922 and 1991.

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Azerbaijan State News Agency

Azerbaijan State News Agency (AZERTAC; Azərbaycan Dövlət İnformasiya Agentliyi, shortened as AZƏRTAC) is the official news agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

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Azerbaijan–Iran relations

Official diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Islamic Republic of Iran were established following the dissolution of the Soviet Union (1991).

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Azerbaijani language

Azerbaijani or Azeri, also referred to as Azeri Turkic or Azeri Turkish, is a Turkic language from the Oghuz sub-branch.

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Azerbaijani national identity

Azerbaijani national identity is a term referring to the sense of national identity, as embodied in the shared and characteristic culture, language and traditions, of the Azerbaijani people of Azerbaijan.

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Azerbaijani traditional clothing

Azerbaijani traditional clothing (Azərbaycan milli geyimi) is the traditional attire of the Azerbaijani people.

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Aziza Mustafa Zadeh

Aziza Mustafa Zadeh (Əzizə Mustafazadə; born December 19, 1969) is an Azerbaijani singer, pianist, and composer who plays a fusion of jazz and mugham (a traditional improvisational style of Azerbaijan) with classical and avant-garde influences.

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Bağlama

The bağlama or saz is a family of plucked string instruments and long-necked lutes used in Ottoman classical music, Turkish folk music, Turkish Arabesque music, Azerbaijani music, Bosnian music (Sevdalinka), Kurdish music, and Armenian music.

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Babak Khorramdin

Bābak Khorramdin (Bābak-e Khorramdin, from, Pāpak/Pābag; 795 or 798 – January 838) was one of the main Iranian revolutionary leaders of the Iranian Khorram-Dinān ("Those of the joyous religion"), which was a local freedom movement fighting the Abbasid Caliphate.

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Baháʼí Faith

The Baháʼí Faith is a religion founded in the 19th century that teaches the essential worth of all religions and the unity of all people.

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Baku

Baku (Bakı) is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and in the Caucasus region.

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Baku Governorate

The Baku Governorate, known before 1859 as the Shemakha Governorate, was a province (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, with its center in the booming metropolis and Caspian Sea port of Baku.

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Baku State University

Baku State University (BSU) (Bakı Dövlət Universiteti (BDU)) is a public university located in Baku, Azerbaijan.

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Balaban (instrument)

Balaban or balaman (Balaban – بالابان; بالابان) is cylindrical-bore, double-reed wind instrument about long with eight finger holes and one thumb hole.

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Ballad

A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music.

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Bard

In Celtic cultures, a bard is a professional story teller, verse-maker, music composer, oral historian and genealogist, employed by a patron (such as a monarch or chieftain) to commemorate one or more of the patron's ancestors and to praise the patron's own activities.

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Basra

Basra (al-Baṣrah) is a city in southern Iraq.

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Bayat (tribe)

Bayat (Bayat tayfası; بیات; Bayat boyu; Baýat taýpasy) is one of the Oghuz tribes in Turkmenistan, Iran, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria.

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Bijar County

Bijar County (شهرستان بیجار) is in Kurdistan province, Iran.

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Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks (italic,; from большинство,, 'majority'), led by Vladimir Lenin, were a far-left faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

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Book of Dede Korkut

The Book of Dede Korkut or Book of Korkut Ata (کتاب دده قورقود; Kitaby Dädem Gorkut; Dede Korkut Kitabı) is the most famous among the dastans or epic stories of the Oghuz Turks.

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Boxing

Boxing is a combat sport and martial art.

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Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary

The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopaedic Dictionary (abbr.; 35 volumes, small; 86 volumes, large) is a comprehensive multi-volume encyclopaedia in Russian.

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Burnt by the Sun

Burnt by the Sun (Утомлённые солнцем, translit. Utomlyonnye solntsem, literally "wearied by the sun") is a 1994 Russian drama film starring, directed, written, and produced by Nikita Mikhalkov and co-written by Azerbaijani screenwriter Rustam Ibragimbekov.

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Cannes Film Festival

The Cannes Film Festival (Festival de Cannes), until 2003 called the International Film Festival (Festival international du film), is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres, including documentaries, from all around the world.

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Caucasian Albania

Caucasian Albania is a modern exonym for a former state located in ancient times in the Caucasus, mostly in what is now Azerbaijan (where both of its capitals were located).

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Caucasian Albanian language

Caucasian Albanian (also called Old Udi, Aluan or Aghwan) is an extinct member of the Northeast Caucasian languages.

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Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia, is a transcontinental region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia.

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Chechen language

Chechen (Нохчийн мотт, Noxçiyn mott) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by approximately 1.8 million people, mostly in the Chechen Republic and by members of the Chechen diaspora throughout Russia and the rest of Europe, Jordan, Austria, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Central Asia (mainly Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan) and Georgia.

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Chess

Chess is a board game for two players.

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Christianity

Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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Christmas

Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world.

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Classical music

Classical music generally refers to the art music of the Western world, considered to be distinct from Western folk music or popular music traditions.

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Client state

In the field of international relations, a client state, is a state that is economically, politically, and militarily subordinated to a more powerful controlling state.

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Common Era

Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era.

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Crimean Tatar language

Crimean Tatar, also called Crimean, is a moribund Kipchak Turkic language spoken in Crimea and the Crimean Tatar diasporas of Uzbekistan, Turkey, Romania, and Bulgaria, as well as small communities in the United States and Canada.

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Culture of Iran

The culture of Iran or culture of PersiaYarshater, Ehsan, Iranian Studies, vol.

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Dagestan

Dagestan (Дагестан), officially the Republic of Dagestan, is a republic of Russia situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, along the Caspian Sea.

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Dargaz

Dargaz (درگز) is a city in the Central District of Dargaz County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

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Dhol

Dhol can refer to any one of a number of similar types of double-headed drum widely used, with regional variations, throughout the Indian subcontinent.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.

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East Azerbaijan province

East Azerbaijan Province (استان آذربایجان شرقی) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Elmira Süleymanova

Elmira Teymur qızı Süleymanova (Elmira Teymur qızı Süleymanova; 17 July 1937 – 25 April 2024) was an Azerbaijani chemist and civil servant.

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Encyclopædia Iranica

Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English-language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times.

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Ethnic enclave

In sociology, an ethnic enclave is a geographic area with high ethnic concentration, characteristic cultural identity, and economic activity.

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Ethnic groups in the Caucasus

The peoples of the Caucasus, or Caucasians, are a diverse group comprising more than 50 ethnic groups throughout the Caucasus. Azerbaijanis and ethnic groups in the Caucasus are peoples of the Caucasus.

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Ethnologue

Ethnologue: Languages of the World is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world.

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Fencing

Fencing is a combat sport that features sword fighting.

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Fikret Amirov

Fikret Mashadi Jamil oghlu Amirov (Fikrət Məşədi Cəmil oğlu Əmirov; November 22, 1922, Ganja – February 20, 1984, Baku) was a prominent Soviet and Azerbaijani composer.

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First Nagorno-Karabakh War

The First Nagorno-Karabakh War was an ethnic and territorial conflict that took place from February 1988 to May 1994, in the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh in southwestern Azerbaijan, between the majority ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh backed by Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan with support from Turkey.

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Fitilieh programme protests in Iran

The Fitilieh programme protests started on 9 November 2015 after a segment of the children's television programme Fitileh, aired on 6 November on local state TV, depicted an Azeri speaking Iranian brushing his teeth with a toilet brush.

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Fuzuli (poet)

Muhammad bin Suleyman (Məhəmməd Süleyman oğlu, italic; 1483–1556), better known by his pen name Fuzuli (Füzuli, italic), was a 16th-century poet who composed works in his native Azerbaijani, as well as Persian and Arabic.

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Gagauz language

Gagauz (gagauz dili or gagauzça) is a Turkic language spoken by the Gagauz people of Moldova, Ukraine, Russia and Turkey and it is an official language of the Autonomous Region of Gagauzia in Moldova.

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Galugah

Galugah (گلوگاه) is a city in the Central District of Galugah County, Mazandaran province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

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Ganja, Azerbaijan

Ganja (Gəncə) is Azerbaijan's third largest city, with a population of around 335,600.

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Gara Garayev

Gara Abulfaz oghlu Garayev (Qara Əbülfəz oğlu Qarayev, Кара́ Абульфа́зович Кара́ев (Kara Abulfazovich Karayev), February 5, 1918 – May 13, 1982), also spelled as Qara Qarayev or Kara Karayev, was a prominent Soviet Azerbaijani composer.

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Georgia (country)

Georgia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia.

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Georgians

The Georgians, or Kartvelians (tr), are a nation and Caucasian ethnic group native to present-day Georgia and surrounding areas historically associated with the Georgian kingdoms. Azerbaijanis and Georgians are ethnic groups in Azerbaijan, ethnic groups in Iran, ethnic groups in Russia, ethnic groups in Turkey, ethnic groups in the Middle East and peoples of the Caucasus.

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Gilan province

Gilan province (استان گیلان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, in the northwest of the country.

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Golestan province

Golestan Province (استان گلستان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the northeast of the country and southeast of the Caspian Sea.

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Gonbad-e Kavus

Gonbad-e Kavus (گنبد کاووس) is a city in the Central District of Gonbad-e Kavus County, Golestan Province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

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Googoosh

Faegheh Atashin (فائقه آتشین; born 5 May 1950), known professionally as Googoosh (گوگوش), is an Iranian singer and former actress.

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Grozny

Grozny (Groznyy,; translit) is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia.

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Guardian Council

The Guardian Council (also called Council of Guardians or Constitutional Council, Shourā-ye Negahbān) is an appointed and constitutionally mandated 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Gymnastics

Gymnastics is a type of sport that includes physical exercises requiring balance, strength, flexibility, agility, coordination, artistry and endurance.

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Hadi Saei

Hadi Saei (هادی ساعی, born June 10, 1976) is an Iranian councilor and former taekwondo athlete who became the most successful Iranian athlete in Olympic history and the most titled champion in this sport by winning 19 world class titles (three olympic titles in 2000, 2004 and 2008, two world championships titles, four world cup titles and one world olympic qualification tournament). Azerbaijanis and Hadi Saei are Iranian Azerbaijanis.

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Hamadan province

Hamadan Province (استان همدان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Hassan Rouhani

Hassan Rouhani (حسن روحانی, Standard Persian pronunciation:; born Hassan Fereydoun (حسن فریدون); 12 November 1948) is an Iranian Islamist politician who served as the seventh president of Iran from 2013 to 2021.

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Hossein Alizadeh

Hossein Alizadeh (August 23, 1951) (حسین علیزاده) is an Iranian musician, composer, radif-preserver, researcher, teacher, and tar, shurangiz and setar instrumentalist and improviser.

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Hossein Rezazadeh

Hossein Rezazadeh (حسین رضازاده; born 12 May 1978) is an Iranian politician and retired weightlifter.

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Hotak

The Hotak (هوتک) or Hotaki (هوتکي) is a tribe of the Ghilji confederacy of the Pashtun people who live mainly in Afghanistan.

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Human leukocyte antigen

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system or complex of genes on chromosome 6 in humans which encode cell-surface proteins responsible for regulation of the immune system.

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Humanism

Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential, and agency of human beings, whom it considers the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry.

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Hypervariable region

A hypervariable region (HVR) is a location within nuclear DNA or the D-loop of mitochondrial DNA in which base pairs of nucleotides repeat (in the case of nuclear DNA) or have substitutions (in the case of mitochondrial DNA).

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Ilkhanate

The Ilkhanate or Il-khanate, ruled by the Il-Khans or Ilkhanids (translit), and known to the Mongols as Hülegü Ulus, was a Mongol khanate founded in the southwestern territories of the Mongol Empire.

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Imadaddin Nasimi

Seyid Ali Imadaddin Nasimi (italic), commonly known as simply Nasimi (label), was a 14th- and 15th-century Hurufi poet who composed poetry in his native Azerbaijani, as well as Persian and Arabic languages.

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Indo-European languages

The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent.

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Ingush language

Ingush (Гӏалгӏай мотт,, pronounced) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by about 500,000 people, known as the Ingush, across a region covering the Russian republics of Ingushetia and Chechnya.

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Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

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Iran and the Caucasus

Iran and the Caucasus is a biannual multidisciplinary peer-reviewed academic journal published by Brill Publishers in collaboration with the Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies (Yerevan).

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Iran crisis of 1946

The Iran crisis of 1946, also known as the Azerbaijan Crisis in the Iranian sources, was one of the first crises of the Cold War, sparked by the refusal of Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union to relinquish occupied Iranian territory despite repeated assurances.

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The Iran national football team (Team Mellie Futbâle Mardâne Irân), recognised by FIFA as IR Iran, represents Iran in international senior football and is governed by the Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran (FFIRI).

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Iran newspaper cockroach cartoon controversy

The Iran newspaper cockroach cartoon controversy occurred in response to a cartoon drawn by cartoonist Mana Neyestani and published in the Iranian Friday-magazine Iran-e-jomee on 12 May 2006.

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Iranian Azerbaijanis

Iranian Azerbaijanis (italics) are Iranians of Azerbaijani ethnicity. Azerbaijanis and Iranian Azerbaijanis are ethnic groups in Iran and ethnic groups in the Middle East.

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Iranian languages

The Iranian languages, also called the Iranic languages, are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family that are spoken natively by the Iranian peoples, predominantly in the Iranian Plateau.

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Iranian peoples

The Iranian peoples or Iranic peoples are a diverse grouping of peoples who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages (branch of the Indo-European languages) and other cultural similarities. Azerbaijanis and Iranian peoples are ethnic groups in the Middle East.

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Iranian Plateau

The Iranian Plateau or Persian Plateau is a geological feature spanning parts of the Caucasus, Central Asia, South Asia, and West Asia. It makes up part of the Eurasian Plate, and is wedged between the Arabian Plate and the Indian Plate. The plateau is situated between the Zagros Mountains to the west, the Caspian Sea and the Köpet Dag to the north, the Armenian Highlands and the Caucasus Mountains to the northwest, the Strait of Hormuz and the Persian Gulf to the south, and the Indian subcontinent to the east.

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Iranian Revolution

The Iranian Revolution (انقلاب ایران), also known as the 1979 Revolution and the Islamic Revolution (label), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Imperial State of Iran by the present-day Islamic Republic of Iran, as the monarchical government of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was superseded by the theocratic Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a religious cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions.

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Iranian studies

Iranian studies (ايران‌شناسی), also referred to as Iranology and Iranistics, is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the research and study of the civilization, history, literature, art and culture of Iranian peoples.

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Islam

Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.

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Islamic holidays

There are two main holidays in Islam that are celebrated by Muslims worldwide: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.

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Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting

The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB; صدا و سيمای جمهوری اسلامی ايران) formerly called National Iranian Radio and Television until the Iranian revolution of 1979, is an Iranian state-controlled media corporation that holds a monopoly of domestic radio and television services in Iran.

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Ismail I

Ismail I (translit; 14 July 1487 – 23 May 1524) was the founder and first shah of Safavid Iran, ruling from 1501 until his death in 1524.

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Istanbul

Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, straddling the Bosporus Strait, the boundary between Europe and Asia.

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Italian National Institute of Statistics

The Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istituto nazionale di statistica; Istat) is the primary source of official statistics in Italy.

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Ja'far Pishevari

Sayyed Ja'far Pishevari (سید جعفر پیشه‌وری; Azerbaijani: سید جعفر پیشهوری; Сеид Джафар Пишевари; 26 August 1892 – 11 June 1947) was an Iranian Azerbaijani communist politician who most-notably founded and led the Azerbaijani Democratic Party, the founding and ruling party of the Azerbaijan People's Government.

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Javelin throw

The javelin throw is a track and field event where the javelin, a spear about in length, is thrown as far as possible.

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Jazz

Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues, ragtime, European harmony and African rhythmic rituals.

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Joseph Deniker

Joseph Yegorovich Deniker (Иосиф Егорович Деникер, Yosif Yegorovich Deniker; 6 March 1852, in Astrakhan – 18 March 1918, in Paris) was a Russian-French naturalist and anthropologist, known primarily for his attempts to develop highly detailed maps of race in Europe.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953.

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Juansher

Juansher was the Mihranid prince of Caucasian Albania, ruling the principality from 637 to 669.

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Kamancheh

The kamancheh (also kamānche or kamāncha) (کمانچه, kamança, քամանչա, کەمانچە,kemançe) is an Iranian bowed string instrument used in Persian, Azerbaijani, Armenian, Kurdish, Georgian, Turkmen, and Uzbek music with slight variations in the structure of the instrument.

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Karabakh

Karabakh (Qarabağ; Ġarabaġ) is a geographic region in present-day southwestern Azerbaijan and eastern Armenia, extending from the highlands of the Lesser Caucasus down to the lowlands between the rivers Kura and Aras.

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Karadaghis

Qaradaghis or Karadaghis, (Qaradağlılar) are a Turkic sub-ethnic group of Azerbaijanis, mainly living in Southern Aras river called Qaradagh in Eastern Azerbaijan, Iran. Azerbaijanis and Karadaghis are ethnic groups in Azerbaijan and ethnic groups in Iran.

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Karaj

Karaj (کرج) is a city in the Central District of Karaj County, Alborz province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.

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Karapapakhs

The Karapapakhs (Qarapapaqlar; Karapapaklar), or Terekeme (Tərəkəmələr; Terekemeler), are a Turkic people, who originally spoke the Karapapakh language, a western Oghuz language closely related to Azerbaijani and Turkish. Azerbaijanis and Karapapakhs are ethnic groups in Azerbaijan, ethnic groups in Georgia (country) and ethnic groups in Iran.

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Karate

(Okinawan pronunciation), also, is a martial art developed in the Ryukyu Kingdom.

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Karim Khan Zand

Mohammad Karim Khan Zand (Mohammad Karīm Khân-e Zand) was the founder of the Zand dynasty, ruling from 1751 to 1779.

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Kevin Boyle (lawyer)

Christopher Kevin Boyle (23 May 1943 – 25 December 2010) was a Northern Irish-born human rights activist, barrister and educator.

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Khaqani

Afzal al-Dīn Badīl ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿOthmān, commonly known as Khāqānī (خاقانی,, –  1199), was a major Persian poet and prose-writer.

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Khorasan province

Khorasan (استان خراسان; also transcribed as Khurasan, Xorasan and Khorassan), also called Traxiane during Hellenistic and Parthian times, was a province in northeastern Iran until September 2004, when it was divided into three new provinces: North Khorasan, South Khorasan, and Razavi Khorasan.

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Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)

Armenia, also the Kingdom of Greater Armenia, or simply Greater Armenia or Armenia Major (Մեծ Հայք; Armenia Maior) sometimes referred to as the Armenian Empire, was a kingdom in the Ancient Near East which existed from 331 BC to 428 AD.

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Kremlin.ru

Kremlin.ru is the official website of the President of the Russian Federation.

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Kufa

Kufa (الْكُوفَة), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about south of Baghdad, and northeast of Najaf.

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Kura (river)

The Kura is an east-flowing river south of the Greater Caucasus Mountains which drains the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus east into the Caspian Sea.

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Kurdistan province

Kurdistan Province (استان کردستان) is one of 31 provinces of Iran.

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Kurds

Kurds or Kurdish people (rtl, Kurd) are an Iranic ethnic group native to the mountainous region of Kurdistan in Western Asia, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northern Syria. Azerbaijanis and Kurds are ethnic groups divided by international borders and ethnic groups in the Middle East.

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Language shift

Language shift, also known as language transfer or language replacement or language assimilation, is the process whereby a speech community shifts to a different language, usually over an extended period of time.

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Library of Congress

The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington, D.C. that serves as the library and research service of the U.S. Congress and the de facto national library of the United States.

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List of Azerbaijanis

This is a list of notable Azerbaijanis, a Turkic people who mostly live in the Caucasus region (including Azerbaijan, Georgia, Dagestan) northern Iran and eastern Turkey (specifically in Kars and Iğdır).

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List of mayors of Tehran

The Mayor of Tehran is an elected politician who, along with the City Council of 21 members, is accountable for the strategic government of Tehran.

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This article lists the top all-time goalscorer for each men's national football team.

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Literature in Iran

Literature in Iran encompasses a variety of literary traditions in the various languages used in Iran.

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Lotfabad

Lotfabad (لطف آباد) is a city in, and the capital of, Lotfabad District of Dargaz County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran.

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Lute

A lute is any plucked string instrument with a neck and a deep round back enclosing a hollow cavity, usually with a sound hole or opening in the body.

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Majlis

(المجلس., pl. مجالس) is an Arabic term meaning "sitting room", used to describe various types of special gatherings among common interest groups of administrative, social or religious nature in countries with linguistic or cultural connections to the Muslim world.

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Mammed Said Ordubadi

Mammad Said Ordubadi (Məmməd Səid Ordubadi; 24 March 1872, Ordubad - 1 May 1950, Baku) was Azerbaijani writer, poet, playwright and journalist.

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Mana Neyestani

Mana Neyestani (مانا نیستانی; born 29 May 1973) is an Iranian cartoonist, illustrator, and comic book creator whose work appears internationally in economic, intellectual, political, and cultural magazines. Azerbaijanis and Mana Neyestani are Iranian Azerbaijanis.

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Maragheh

Maragheh (مراغه) is a city in the Central District of Maragheh County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

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March Days

The March Days or March Events was a period of inter-ethnic strife and clashes which took place between 30 March – 2 April 1918 in the city of Baku and adjacent areas of the Baku Governorate of the Transcaucasian Commissariat.

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Markazi province

Markazi Province (استان مرکزی) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Mashhad

Mashhad (مشهد) is the second-most-populous city in Iran, located in the relatively remote north-east of the country about from Tehran.

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Mazandaran province

Mazandaran Province (استان مازندران) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Medes

The Medes (Old Persian: 𐎶𐎠𐎭; Akkadian: 13px, 13px; Ancient Greek: Μῆδοι; Latin: Medi) were an ancient Iranian people who spoke the Median language and who inhabited an area known as Media between western and northern Iran. Around the 11th century BC, they occupied the mountainous region of northwestern Iran and the northeastern and eastern region of Mesopotamia in the vicinity of Ecbatana (present-day Hamadan).

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Mehr News Agency

The Mehr News Agency (MNA; Xabâr-gozâri Mehr) is a semi-official news agency of the government of Iran.

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Meskhetian Turks

Meskhetian Turks, also referred to as Turkish Meskhetians, Ahiska Turks, and Turkish Ahiskans, (მესხეთის თურქები Meskhetis turk'ebi) are a subgroup of ethnic Turkish people formerly inhabiting the Meskheti region of Georgia, along the border with Turkey. Azerbaijanis and Meskhetian Turks are ethnic groups in Azerbaijan, ethnic groups in Russia, Muslim communities of the Caucasus and peoples of the Caucasus.

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Middle Persian

Middle Persian, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg (Pahlavi script: 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩𐭪, Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫐, Avestan script: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬯𐬍𐬐) in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire.

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Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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Mohammad Khatami

Mohammad Khatami (Mohammad Khātami,; born 14 October 1943) is an Iranian reformist politician who served as the fifth president of Iran from 3 August 1997 to 3 August 2005.

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Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar

Seyyed Mohammad-Hossein Behjat Tabrizi (January 2, 1906 – September 18, 1988), known by his pen name Shahriar, was an Iranian poet who composed works in both Azerbaijani and Persian.

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Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous empire in history.

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Mongol invasions and conquests

The Mongol invasions and conquests took place during the 13th and 14th centuries, creating history's largest contiguous empire, the Mongol Empire (1206–1368), which by 1260 covered large parts of Eurasia.

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Mugham

Mugham (Muğam) or Mughamat (Muğamat) is one of the many classical compositions from Azerbaijan, contrasting with tasnif and ashik.

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Multidimensional scaling

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a means of visualizing the level of similarity of individual cases of a data set.

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Musavat

The Müsavat Party (Müsavat Firqəsi, from مساواة musāwāt) is the oldest existing political party in Azerbaijan.

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Muslim conquest of Persia

The Muslim conquest of Persia, also called the Muslim conquest of Iran, the Arab conquest of Persia, or the Arab conquest of Iran, was a major military campaign undertaken by the Rashidun Caliphate between 632 and 654.

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Muslim Magomayev (musician)

Muslim Muhammad oghlu Magomayev (Müslüm Məhəmməd oğlu Maqomayev / sc; 17 August 1942 – 25 October 2008), dubbed the "Soviet Sinatra", was a Soviet and Russo-Azeri opera and pop singer. He achieved widespread recognition throughout Russia and the post-Soviet world for his vocal talent and charisma, including a People's Artist of the USSR award in 1973.

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Muslim world

The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah.

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Mutual intelligibility

In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort.

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Nader Shah

Nader Shah Afshar (نادر شاه افشار; 6 August 1698 – 20 June 1747) was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran and one of the most powerful rulers in Iranian history, ruling as shah of Iran (Persia) from 1736 to 1747, when he was assassinated during a rebellion.

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Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is an ethnic and territorial conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the region of Nagorno-Karabakh, inhabited mostly by ethnic Armenians until 2023, and seven surrounding districts, inhabited mostly by Azerbaijanis until their expulsion during the 1990s.

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Naqshbandi

The Naqshbandi order (translit) is a Sufi order of Sunni Islam named after Baha al-Din Naqshband.

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National Assembly (Azerbaijan)

The National Assembly (Milli Məclis), also transliterated as Milli Mejlis, is the legislative branch of government in Azerbaijan.

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National Statistics Office of Georgia

The National Statistics Office (GeoStat) (საქართველოს სტატისტიკის ეროვნული სამსახური, sak'art'velos statistikis erovnuli samsakhuri; საქსტატი, sak'stati) is an agency in charge of national statistics and responsible for carrying out population, agricultural and other censuses in Georgia.

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New America (organization)

New America, formerly the New America Foundation, is a liberal think tank in the United States founded in 1999.

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New Persian

New Persian (translit), also known as Modern Persian (فارسی نوین) is the current stage of the Persian language spoken since the 8th to 9th centuries until now in Greater Iran and surroundings.

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Nizami Pashayev

Nizami Pashayev (born February 2, 1981, in Gadabay) is an Azerbaijani retired weightlifter.

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Nowruz

Nowruz or Navroz (نوروز) is the Iranian New Year or Persian New Year.

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Office for National Statistics

The Office for National Statistics (ONS; Swyddfa Ystadegau Gwladol) is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly to the UK Parliament.

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Oghuz languages

The Oghuz languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family, spoken by approximately 108 million people.

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Oghuz Turks

The Oghuz Turks (Middle Turkic: ٱغُز, Oγuz) were a western Turkic people who spoke the Oghuz branch of the Turkic language family.

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Old Azeri

Old Azeri (also spelled Adhari, Azeri or Azari) is the extinct Iranian language that was once spoken in the northwestern Iranian historic region of Azerbaijan (Iranian Azerbaijan) before the Turkification of the region.

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Old Persian

Old Persian is one of two directly attested Old Iranian languages (the other being Avestan) and is the ancestor of Middle Persian (the language of the Sasanian Empire).

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Ossetians

The Ossetians (or; Ossetic), also known as Ossetes, Ossets, and Alans, are an Eastern Iranian ethnic group who are indigenous to Ossetia, a region situated across the northern and southern sides of the Caucasus Mountains. Azerbaijanis and Ossetians are ethnic groups in Russia, ethnic groups in Turkey and peoples of the Caucasus.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.

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Ottoman Turks

The Ottoman Turks (Osmanlı Türkleri) were a Turkic ethnic group.

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Padar tribe

The Padar tribe is a nomadic sub-ethnic group of Azerbaijanis, living mainly in Azerbaijan, which came to the region during the Mongol invasions.

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Parliamentary republic

A parliamentary republic is a republic that operates under a parliamentary system of government where the executive branch (the government) derives its legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislature (the parliament).

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Persian Constitutional Revolution

The Persian Constitutional Revolution (Mashrūtiyyat, or انقلاب مشروطه Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911 during the Qajar dynasty.

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Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (Fārsī|), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.

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Persian literature

Persian literature comprises oral compositions and written texts in the Persian language and is one of the world's oldest literatures.

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Persians

The Persians--> are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran. Azerbaijanis and Persians are ethnic groups in Iran and ethnic groups in the Middle East.

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Petroleum

Petroleum or crude oil, also referred to as simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations.

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Powerlifting

Powerlifting is a strength sport that consists of three attempts at maximal weight on three lifts: squat, bench press, and deadlift.

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Qajar (tribe)

The Qajars (translit; translit) are a clan of the Bayat tribe of the Oghuz Turks who lived variously, with other tribes, in the area that is now Armenia, Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran. Azerbaijanis and Qajar (tribe) are Muslim communities of the Caucasus and peoples of the Caucasus.

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Qajar dynasty

The Qajar dynasty (translit; 1789–1925) was an Iranian dynasty founded by Mohammad Khan of the Qoyunlu clan of the Turkoman Qajar tribe.

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Qajar Iran

The Sublime State of Iran, commonly referred to as Qajar Iran, Qajar Persia, the Qajar Empire, Sublime State of Persia, and also the Guarded Domains of Iran, was the Iranian state under the rule of the Qajar dynasty, which was of Turkic origin,Cyrus Ghani.

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Qara Qoyunlu

The Qara Qoyunlu or Kara Koyunlu (Qaraqoyunlular,; قره قویونلو), also known as the Black Sheep Turkomans, were a culturally Persianate, Muslim Turkoman "Kara Koyunlu, also spelled Qara Qoyunlu, Turkish Karakoyunlular, English Black Sheep, Turkmen tribal federation that ruled Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Iraq from about 1375 to 1468." "Better known as Turkomans...

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Qashqai language

Qashqai (قشقایی ديلى, Qašqāyī dili, pronounced in English as, and also spelled Qaşqay, Qashqayi, Kashkai, Kashkay, Qašqāʾī, by Michael Knüppel, by Gerhard Doerfer and Qashqa'i or Kaşkay) is an Oghuz Turkic language spoken by the Qashqai people, an ethnic group living mainly in the Fars Province of Southern Iran.

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Qazvin province

Qazvin Province (استان قزوین) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Qizilbash

Qizilbash or Kizilbashitalic (Latin script: qızılbaş); قزيل باش; qizilbāš (modern Iranian reading: qezelbāš); lit were a diverse array of mainly Turkoman "The Qizilbash, composed mainly of Turkman tribesmen, were the military force introduced by the conquering Safavis to the Iranian domains in the sixteenth century." Shia militant groups that flourished in Azerbaijan, Anatolia, the Armenian highlands, the Caucasus, and Kurdistan from the late 15th century onwards, and contributed to the foundation of the Safavid and Afsharid empires in early modern Iran.

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Qorveh County

Qorveh County (شهرستان قروه) is in Kurdistan province, Iran.

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Rafael Aghayev

Rafael Mahir Aghayev (Rafael Ağayev; born March 4, 1985, in Sumgait, Azerbaijan is an Azerbaijani karateka. He won the silver medal in the men's kumite 75 kg division at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. He is a five-time world champion, and eleven-time European champion in his discipline.

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Ramil Guliyev

Ramil Guliyev (Ramil Eldar oğlu Quliyev; born 29 May 1990) is an Azerbaijani-born Turkish sprinter.

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Rashid Behbudov

Rashid Behbudov (Rəşid Məcid oğlu Behbudov, Azerbaijani Cyrillic: Рашид Бейбутов; 14 December 1915 – 9 June 1989) was a Soviet and Azerbaijani singer and actor.

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Rashidun Caliphate

The Rashidun Caliphate (al-Khilāfah ar-Rāšidah) was the first caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

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Rawadid dynasty

Rawwadid, Ravvadid (also Revend or Revendi), or Banū Rawwād (955–1071) was a Sunni Muslim Kurdish dynasty, centered in the northwestern region of Adharbayjan (Azerbaijan) between the late 8th and early 13th centuries.

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Razavi Khorasan province

Razavi Khorasan Province (استان خراسان رضوی).

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Reza Shah

Reza Shah Pahlavi (15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944) was an Iranian military officer and the founder of the Pahlavi dynasty.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.

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Russian Empire census

The Russian Empire census, formally the First general census of the population of the Russian Empire in 1897, was the first and only nation-wide census performed in the Russian Empire.

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The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Soviet Republic and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I. was an independent federal socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous constituent republic of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR..

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Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)

The Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813 was one of the many wars between the Persian Empire and Imperial Russia, and, like many of their other conflicts, began as a territorial dispute.

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Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)

The Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828 was the last major military conflict between the Russian Empire and Qajar Iran, which was fought over territorial disputes in the South Caucasus region.

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Russo-Persian Wars

The Russo-Persian Wars or Russo-Iranian Wars (translit) were a series of conflicts between 1651 and 1828, concerning Persia and the Russian Empire.

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Rustam Ibrahimbekov

Rustam Mammad Ibrahim oghlu Ibrahimbeyov (or Ibrahimbekov; Rüstəm Məmməd İbrahim oğlu İbrahimbəyov; Рустам Мамед Ибрагим оглы Ибрагимбеков; 5 February 1939 – 11 March 2022) was a Soviet and Azerbaijani screenwriter, playwright and producer, well known beyond his home Azerbaijan and the former Soviet Union.

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Safavid dynasty

The Safavid dynasty (Dudmâne Safavi) was one of Iran's most significant ruling dynasties reigning from 1501 to 1736.

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Safavid Iran

Safavid Iran, Safavid Persia or the Safavid Empire,, officially known as the Guarded Domains of Iran, was one of the largest and long-standing Iranian empires after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Persia, which was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty.

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Samad Vurgun

Samad Vurgun (Səməd Vurğun; born Samad Yusif oghlu Vekilov; March 21, 1906 – May 27, 1956) was an Azerbaijani and Soviet poet, dramatist, public figure, first People's Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR (1943), academician of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (1945), laureate of two Stalin Prizes of second degree (1941, 1942), and member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1940.

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Sami Yusuf

Sami Yusuf (born 21 July 1980) is a British singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and composer.

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Sasanian Empire

The Sasanian Empire or Sassanid Empire, and officially known as Eranshahr ("Land/Empire of the Iranians"), was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th to 8th centuries.

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Satrap

A satrap was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median and Persian (Achaemenid) Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires.

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Sattar Khan

Sattar Khan (ستارخان,, October 20, 1866 – November 17, 1914), honorarily titled Sardār-e Melli (سردار ملی meaning National Commander) was a pivotal figure in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and is considered a national hero by the Iranian people.

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Scythia

Scythia (Scythian: Skulatā; Old Persian: Skudra; Ancient Greek: Skuthia; Latin: Scythia) or Scythica (Ancient Greek: Skuthikē; Latin: Scythica), also known as Pontic Scythia, was a kingdom created by the Scythians during the 6th to 3rd centuries BC in the Pontic–Caspian steppe.

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Second Nagorno-Karabakh War

The Second Nagorno-Karabakh War was an armed conflict in 2020 that took place in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding occupied territories.

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Seleucid Empire

The Seleucid Empire (lit) was a Greek power in West Asia during the Hellenistic period.

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Seljuk dynasty

The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids (سلجوقیان Saljuqian, alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs), Seljuqs, also known as Seljuk Turks, Seljuk Turkomans "The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes by the Turkomans at the battle of Malazgirt (Manzikert) is taken as a turning point in the history of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire." or the Saljuqids, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture in West Asia and Central Asia.

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Shaddadids

The Shaddadids were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin.

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Shafi'i school

The Shafi'i school or Shafi'ism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.

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Shahsevan

The Shahsevan (شاهسِوَن; شاهسون) are a number of Azerbaijani-speaking or Shahsevani dialect (sometimes considered to be Its own dialect distinct from others like Azerbaijani) Turkic groups that live in northwestern Iran, mainly inhabiting the districts of Mughan, Ardabil, Kharaqan and Khamsa. Azerbaijanis and Shahsevan are ethnic groups in Iran.

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Shakhriyar Mamedyarov

Shahriyar Hamid oghlu Mammadyarov (Şəhriyar Həmid oğlu Məmmədyarov; born 12 April 1985), known internationally as Shakhriyar Mamedyarov, is an Azerbaijani chess grandmaster.

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Shia Islam

Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam.

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Shirvan

Shirvan (from translit; Şirvan; Tat: Şirvan) is a historical region in the eastern Caucasus, as known in both pre-Islamic Sasanian and Islamic times.

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Shooting

Shooting is the act or process of discharging a projectile from a ranged weapon (such as a gun, bow, crossbow, slingshot, or blowpipe).

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Silk Road

The Silk Road was a network of Eurasian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century.

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South Caucasus

The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains.

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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Sufism

Sufism is a mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic purification, spirituality, ritualism and asceticism.

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Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.

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Tabriz

Tabriz (تبریز) is a city in the Central District of Tabriz County, in the East Azerbaijan province of northwestern Iran.

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Taekwondo

Taekwondo is a Korean martial art and combat sport involving punching and kicking techniques.

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Tajiks

Tajiks (Tājīk, Tājek; Tojik) are a Persian-speaking Iranian ethnic group native to Central Asia, living primarily in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Azerbaijanis and Tajiks are ethnic groups divided by international borders and ethnic groups in Russia.

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Talysh people

The Talysh people (script, تالشان) or Talyshis, Talyshes, Talyshs, Talishis, Talishes, Talishs, Talesh are an Iranian ethnic group, with the majority residing in Azerbaijan and a minority in Iran. Azerbaijanis and Talysh people are ethnic groups divided by international borders, ethnic groups in Azerbaijan, ethnic groups in Iran, ethnic groups in the Middle East, Muslim communities of the Caucasus and peoples of the Caucasus.

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Tar (string instrument)

The tar (from lit) is a long-necked, waisted lute family instrument, used by many cultures and countries including Iran, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Georgia, Tajikistan (Iranian Plateau), Turkey, and others near the Caucasus and Central Asia regions.

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Tat people (Caucasus)

The Tat people or Transcaucasian Persians (also: Tat, Parsi, Daghli, Lohijon) are an Iranian people presently living within Azerbaijan and Russia (mainly Southern Dagestan). Azerbaijanis and Tat people (Caucasus) are ethnic groups in Azerbaijan, ethnic groups in Georgia (country), Muslim communities of the Caucasus and peoples of the Caucasus.

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Tatars

The Tatars, in the Collins English Dictionary formerly also spelt Tartars, is an umbrella term for different Turkic ethnic groups bearing the name "Tatar" across Eastern Europe and Asia. Initially, the ethnonym Tatar possibly referred to the Tatar confederation. That confederation was eventually incorporated into the Mongol Empire when Genghis Khan unified the various steppe tribes. Azerbaijanis and Tatars are ethnic groups in Azerbaijan, ethnic groups in Russia and ethnic groups in Turkey.

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Tbilisi

Tbilisi (თბილისი), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis, (tr) is the capital and largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of around 1.2 million people.

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Tehran

Tehran (تهران) or Teheran is the capital and largest city of Iran as well as the largest in Tehran Province.

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Tehran province

Tehran Province (استان تهران) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Teimour Radjabov

Teimour Boris oghlu Radjabov (also spelled Teymur Rajabov; Teymur Boris oğlu Rəcəbov,; born 12 March 1987) is an Azerbaijani chess grandmaster.

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Theocracy

Theocracy is a form of government in which one or more deities are recognized as supreme ruling authorities, giving divine guidance to human intermediaries who manage the government's daily affairs.

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Timurid dynasty

The Timurid dynasty, self-designated as Gurkani (گورکانیان|translit.

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Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic

The Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (TDFR; 22 April – 28 May 1918) was a short-lived state in the Caucasus that included most of the territory of the present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, as well as parts of Russia and Turkey.

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The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (Transcaucasian SFSR or TSFSR), also known as the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, or simply Transcaucasia, was a republic of the Soviet Union that existed from 1922 to 1936.

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Treaty of Gulistan

The Treaty of Gulistan (also spelled Golestan: translit; translit) was a peace treaty concluded between the Russian Empire and Qajar Iran on 24 October 1813 in the village of Gulistan (now in the Goranboy District of Azerbaijan) as a result of the first full-scale Russo-Persian War (1804 to 1813).

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Treaty of Turkmenchay

The Treaty of Turkmenchay (translit; translit) was an agreement between Qajar Iran and the Russian Empire, which concluded the Russo-Persian War (1826–1828).

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Turkey at the World Athletics Championships

Turkey has competed in every World Championships in Athletics since the event's first edition in 1983.

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Turkic languages

The Turkic languages are a language family of more than 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia (Siberia), and West Asia.

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Turkic peoples

The Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West, Central, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.

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Turkification

Turkification, Turkization, or Turkicization (Türkleştirme) describes a shift whereby populations or places received or adopted Turkic attributes such as culture, language, history, or ethnicity.

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Turkish language

Turkish (Türkçe, Türk dili also Türkiye Türkçesi 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 90 to 100 million speakers.

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Turkish people

Turkish people or Turks (Türkler) are the largest Turkic people who speak various dialects of the Turkish language and form a majority in Turkey and Northern Cyprus. Azerbaijanis and Turkish people are ethnic groups in Turkey, ethnic groups in the Middle East and peoples of the Caucasus.

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Turkmen language

Turkmen (türkmençe, түркменче, تۆرکمنچه, or türkmen dili, түркмен дили, تۆرکمن ديلی), is a Turkic language of the Oghuz branch spoken by the Turkmens of Central Asia.

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Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west.

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Turkmens

Turkmens (Türkmenler, italic,,; historically "the Turkmen") are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, living mainly in Turkmenistan, northern and northeastern regions of Iran and north-western Afghanistan. Azerbaijanis and Turkmens are ethnic groups in Iran, ethnic groups in Russia, ethnic groups in the Middle East, Muslim communities of the Caucasus and peoples of the Caucasus.

See Azerbaijanis and Turkmens

Turkoman (ethnonym)

Turkoman, also known as Turcoman, was a term for the people of Oghuz Turkic origin, widely used during the Middle Ages. Azerbaijanis and Turkoman (ethnonym) are ethnic groups in the Middle East.

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Twelver Shi'ism

Twelver Shīʿism (ٱثْنَا عَشَرِيَّة), also known as Imāmiyya (إِمَامِيَّة), is the largest branch of Shīʿa, comprising about 90% of all Shīas.

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Udi language

The Udi language, spoken by the Udi people, is a member of the Lezgic branch of the Northeast Caucasian language family.

See Azerbaijanis and Udi language

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a United Nations agency mandated to aid and protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities, and stateless people, and to assist in their voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement to a third country.

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Urmia

Urmia (ارومیه) is the largest city in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran.

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Urnayr

Urnayr (attested only as Old Armenian Ուռնայր) was the third Arsacid king of Caucasian Albania from approximately 350 to 375.

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Uzeyir Hajibeyov

Uzeyir bey Abdulhuseyn bey oghlu Hajibeyov (18 September 188523 November 1948) was an Azerbaijani composer, musicologist and teacher.

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Vagif Mustafazadeh

Vagif Mustafazadeh (Vaqif Mustafazadə; March 16, 1940 – December 16, 1979), also known as Vaqif Mustafa-Zadeh, was a Soviet-Azerbaijani jazz pianist and composer, acclaimed for fusing jazz and the traditional Azerbaijani folk music known as mugham.

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Vassal state

A vassal state is any state that has a mutual obligation to a superior state or empire, in a status similar to that of a vassal in the feudal system in medieval Europe.

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Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist.

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Vladimir Minorsky

Vladimir Fyodorovich Minorsky (Владимир Фёдорович Минорский; – 25 March 1966) was a Russian academic, historian, and scholar of Oriental studies, best known for his contributions to the study of history of Iran and the Iranian peoples such as Persians, Laz people, Lurs, and Kurds.

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Vugar Gashimov

Vugar Gasim oghlu Hashimov (Vüqar Qasım oğlu Həşimov; 24 July 1986 – 11 January 2014), known internationally as Vugar Gashimov, was an Azerbaijani chess grandmaster.

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West Asia

West Asia, also called Western Asia or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost region of Asia.

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West Azerbaijan province

West Azerbaijan province (استان آذربایجان غربی) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, whose capital and largest city is Urmia.

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Whole genome sequencing

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is the process of determining the entirety, or nearly the entirety, of the DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time.

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Women's eNews

Women's eNews is a nonprofit online news service based in New York City.

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World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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Wrestling

Wrestling is a martial art and combat sport that involves grappling with an opponent and striving to obtain a position of advantage through different throws or techniques, within a given ruleset.

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Yuri Kobishchanov

Yuri Mikhailovich Kobishchanov (Юрий Михайлович Кобищанов; 8 October 1934 – 29 July 2022) was a Soviet and Russian Africanist, historian, sociologist and ethnologist.

See Azerbaijanis and Yuri Kobishchanov

Zanjan province

Zanjan Province (استان زنجان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Zanjan, Iran

Zanjan (زنجان) is a city in the Central District of Zanjan County, Zanjan province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.

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Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrianism (Din-e Zartoshti), also known as Mazdayasna and Behdin, is an Iranian religion. Azerbaijanis and Zoroastrianism are ethnic groups in the Middle East.

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Zoroastrianism in Azerbaijan

Zoroastrianism in Azerbaijan goes back to the first millennium BC or earlier and was the predominant religion of Greater Iran before the conversion to Islam.

See Azerbaijanis and Zoroastrianism in Azerbaijan

11th Army (RSFSR)

The 11th Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which fought on the Caspian-Caucasian Front.

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2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement

The 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement was an armistice agreement that ended the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War.

See Azerbaijanis and 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement

See also

Azerbaijani people

• Anti-Azerbaijanism
• Azerbaijani diaspora
• Azerbaijani women
• Azerbaijanis
• Azerbaijanis in Kazakhstan
• Azerbaijanis in Kyrgyzstan

Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan

• Afshar tribe
• Akhvakh people
• Arabs in the Caucasus
• Armenians in Azerbaijan
• Armenians in Baku
• Armeno-Tats
• Avars (Caucasus)
• Ayrums
• Azerbaijani people
• Azerbaijanis
• Bayat tribe
• Budukh people
• Caucasus Germans
• Ethnic minorities in Azerbaijan
• Forced assimilation in Azerbaijan
• Garachi
• Georgians
• Germans in Azerbaijan
• Greeks in Azerbaijan
• Haji-Alilu
• Immigration to Azerbaijan
• Ingiloy people
• Jek people
• Karadaghis
• Karapapakhs
• Khalaj people
• Khinalug people
• Kryts people
• Kurds in Azerbaijan
• Lezgins
• Lezgins in Azerbaijan
• Meskhetian Turks
• Mountain Jews
• Poles in Azerbaijan
• Pontic Greeks
• Russians in Azerbaijan
• Rutul people
• Shahdagh people
• Talysh people
• Tat people (Caucasus)
• Tatars
• Tribes of Karadagh
• Tsakhur people
• Turks in Azerbaijan
• Udi people
• Ukrainians

Ethnic groups in Georgia (country)

• Abkhazian people
• Adjarians
• Assyrians in Georgia
• Avars (Caucasus)
• Azerbaijanis
• Bats people
• Caucasus Germans
• Ethnic minorities in Georgia (country)
• Hemshin people
• Imerkhevians
• Ingiloy people
• Javakhians
• Kakhetians
• Karapapakhs
• Khevsurians
• Kist people
• Laz people
• Laz people in Georgia
• Lom people
• Meskhetians
• Mingrelians
• Ossetian people
• Ossetians in Georgia
• Poles in Georgia
• Pontic Greeks
• Romani people in Georgia (country)
• Russians in Georgia
• Samurzakanians
• Sanni
• Svans
• Tat people (Caucasus)
• Tushetians
• Udi people
• Urums
• Zans

Muslim communities of the Caucasus

• Abazins
• Aghul people
• Akhvakh people
• Andi people
• Arabs in the Caucasus
• Archi people
• Avars (Caucasus)
• Azerbaijanis
• Bagvalal people
• Balkars
• Bezhta people
• Botlikh people
• Budukh people
• Caucasian Kurds
• Chamalal people
• Chechens
• Chemirgoys
• Circassians
• Dargins
• Digor people
• Godoberi people
• Hinukh people
• Hunzib people
• Ingush people
• Jek people
• Kaitags
• Karachays
• Karagash
• Karata people
• Khinalug people
• Khwarshi people
• Kist people
• Kryts people
• Kumyks
• Laks (Caucasus)
• Lezgins
• Meskhetian Turks
• Nakh peoples
• Nogais
• Qajar (tribe)
• Rutul people
• Tabasaran people
• Talysh people
• Tat people (Caucasus)
• Tindi people
• Tsakhur people
• Tsez people
• Turkmens
• Vainakhia

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijanis

Also known as Aderbeijan Tatars, Aderbeijani Tatars, Azerbaijan people, Azerbaijani (people), Azerbaijani People, Azerbaijani Tatars, Azerbaijani Turk, Azerbaijani Turks, Azerbaijani population, Azerbaijanian Turk, Azerbaijanian Turks, Azerbaijanians, Azerbaijaninas, Azeri Turks, Azeri people, Azeribajani people, Azeris, Azərbaycanlılar, Ethnic Azeris, History of the Azerbaijanis, People of Azerbaijan.

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