Barley, the Glossary
Barley (Hordeum vulgare), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally.[1]
Table of Contents
280 relations: Abiotic component, Advances in Nutrition, Aeolus (beetle), Africa, Alewife (trade), Allele, American Phytopathological Society, Amsterdam, Ancient Israelite cuisine, Animal feed, Antiquity (journal), Aphid, Arab cuisine, Arab world, Archaeology, Ashkenazi Jews, Assyrian cuisine, Awn (botany), Axel Olrik, Bacterial blight (barley), Baishideng Publishing Group, Bamboo, Bannock (British and Irish food), Barley bread, Barley flour, Barley mild mosaic bymovirus, Barley tea, Barley water, Barley wine, Barley yellow dwarf, Barley yellow mosaic virus, Barleycorn (unit), Barn, Beer, Beer in England, Beer in Germany, Beer in the United States, Beowa, Beowulf, Bere (grain), Bergelmir, Beta-glucan, Biotic stress, Biscuit, Blood lipids, Blood sugar level, Blumeria graminis, Bodleian Libraries, BOP clade, Borage, ... Expand index (230 more) »
- Founder crops
- Hordeum
- Millets
- Phytoremediation plants
Abiotic component
In biology and ecology, abiotic components or abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems.
See Barley and Abiotic component
Advances in Nutrition
Advances in Nutrition (subtitled: An International Review Journal) is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal publishing review articles in the field of nutrition science.
See Barley and Advances in Nutrition
Aeolus (beetle)
Aeolus is a genus of click beetles in the family Elateridae.
See Barley and Aeolus (beetle)
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.
Alewife (trade)
An alewife, also brewess or brewster, was a woman who brewed ale for commercial sale.
See Barley and Alewife (trade)
Allele
An allele, or allelomorph, is a variant of the sequence of nucleotides at a particular location, or locus, on a DNA molecule.
American Phytopathological Society
The American Phytopathological Society (APS) is an international scientific organization devoted to the study of plant diseases (phytopathology).
See Barley and American Phytopathological Society
Amsterdam
Amsterdam (literally, "The Dam on the River Amstel") is the capital and most populated city of the Netherlands.
Ancient Israelite cuisine
Ancient Israelite cuisine refers to the culinary practices of the Israelites from the Late Bronze Age arrival of Israelites in the Land of Israel through to the mass expulsion of Jews from Roman Judea in the 2nd century CE.
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Animal feed
Animal feed is food given to domestic animals, especially livestock, in the course of animal husbandry.
Antiquity (journal)
Antiquity is an academic journal dedicated to the subject of archaeology.
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Aphid
Aphids are small sap-sucking insects and members of the superfamily Aphidoidea.
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Arab cuisine
Arab cuisine is the cuisine of the Arab world, defined as the various regional cuisines of the Arab people, spanning from the Maghreb to the Mashriq.
Arab world
The Arab world (اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), formally the Arab homeland (اَلْوَطَنُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), also known as the Arab nation (اَلْأُمَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, comprises a large group of countries, mainly located in Western Asia and Northern Africa.
Archaeology
Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.
Ashkenazi Jews
Ashkenazi Jews (translit,; Ashkenazishe Yidn), also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim, constitute a Jewish diaspora population that emerged in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium CE. They traditionally spoke Yiddish and largely migrated towards northern and eastern Europe during the late Middle Ages due to persecution.
Assyrian cuisine
Assyrian cuisine is the cuisine of the indigenous ethnic Assyrian people, Eastern Aramaic-speaking Syriac Christians of Iraq, northeastern Syria, northwestern Iran and southeastern Turkey.
See Barley and Assyrian cuisine
Awn (botany)
In botany, an awn is either a hair- or bristle-like appendage on a larger structure, or in the case of the Asteraceae, a stiff needle-like element of the pappus.
Axel Olrik
Axel Olrik (3 July 1864 – 17 February 1917) was a Danish folklorist and scholar of mediaeval historiography, and a pioneer in the methodical study of oral narrative.
Bacterial blight (barley)
Bacterial blight is a disease of barley caused by the bacterial pathogen ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''translucens'' (syn. X. translucens).
See Barley and Bacterial blight (barley)
Baishideng Publishing Group
Baishideng Publishing Group (BPG; 百世登出版集团) is a publisher of medical journals based in Pleasanton, California.
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Bamboo
Bamboos are a diverse group of mostly evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae.
Bannock (British and Irish food)
A bannock is a variety of flatbread or quick bread cooked from flour, typically round, which is common in Scotland and other areas in the British Isles.
See Barley and Bannock (British and Irish food)
Barley bread
Barley bread is a type of bread made from barley flour derived from the grain of the barley plant.
Barley flour
Barley flour is a flour prepared from dried and ground barley.
Barley mild mosaic bymovirus
Barley mild mosaic bymovirus is a plant virus.
See Barley and Barley mild mosaic bymovirus
Barley tea
Barley tea is a roasted-grain-based infusion made from barley.
Barley water
Barley water is a traditional drink consumed in various parts of the world.
Barley wine
Barley wine (often stylised barleywine) is a strong ale from 6–12% alcohol by volume.
Barley yellow dwarf
Barley yellow dwarf (BYD) is a plant disease caused by the barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), and is the most widely distributed viral disease of cereals.
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Barley yellow mosaic virus
Barley yellow mosaic virus is plant pathogenic virus that causes the yellow mosaic disease of barley.
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Barleycorn (unit)
The barleycorn is an English unit of length equal to of an inch (i.e. about). It is still used as the basis of shoe sizes in English-speaking countries.
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Barn
A barn is an agricultural building usually on farms and used for various purposes.
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Beer
Beer is an alcoholic beverage produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches from cereal grains—most commonly malted barley, although wheat, maize (corn), rice, and oats are also used.
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Beer in England
Beer has been brewed in England for thousands of years.
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Beer in Germany
Beer (Bier) is a major part of German culture, with only water, hops, and malt permitted as ingredients in its production, though most breweries nowadays also use yeast.
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Beer in the United States
In the United States, beer are manufactured in breweries which range in size from industry giants to brew pubs and microbreweries.
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Beowa
Beowa, Beaw, Bēow, Beo or Bedwig is a figure in Anglo-Saxon traditional religion associated with barley and agriculture.
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Beowulf
Beowulf (Bēowulf) is an Old English epic poem in the tradition of Germanic heroic legend consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines.
Bere (grain)
Bere, pronounced "bear," is a six-row barley cultivated mainly on 5-15 hectares of land in Orkney, Scotland.
Bergelmir
Bergelmir (Old Norse) is a jötunn in Norse mythology.
Beta-glucan
Beta-glucans, β-glucans comprise a group of β-D-glucose polysaccharides (glucans) naturally occurring in the cell walls of cereals, bacteria, and fungi, with significantly differing physicochemical properties dependent on source.
Biotic stress
Biotic stress is stress that occurs as a result of damage done to an organism by other living organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, beneficial and harmful insects, weeds, and cultivated or native plants.
Biscuit
A biscuit, in English speaking countries such as Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, is a flour-based baked and shaped food item.
Blood lipids
Blood lipids (or blood fats) are lipids in the blood, either free or bound to other molecules.
Blood sugar level
The blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, blood glucose level, or glycemia is the measure of glucose concentrated in the blood.
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Blumeria graminis
Blumeria graminis (commonly called barley powdery mildew or corn mildew) is a fungus that causes powdery mildew on grasses, including cereals.
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Bodleian Libraries
The Bodleian Libraries are a collection of 28 libraries that serve the University of Oxford in England, including the Bodleian Library itself, as well as many other (but not all) central and faculty libraries.
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BOP clade
The BOP clade (sometimes BEP clade) is one of two major lineages (or clades) of undefined taxonomic rank in the grasses (Poaceae), containing more than 5,400 species, about half of all grasses.
Borage
Borage (or; Borago officinalis), also known as starflower, is an annual herb in the flowering plant family Boraginaceae native to the Mediterranean region.
Boston
Boston, officially the City of Boston, is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.
Bread
Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour (usually wheat) and water, usually by baking.
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Breakfast cereal
Breakfast cereal is a breakfast food made from processed cereal grains.
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British Museum
The British Museum is a public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London.
Caffè d'orzo
Caffè d'orzo (barley coffee), often shortened to simply orzo, is a type of hot drink, originating in Italy.
Caithness
Caithness (Gallaibh; Katanes.) is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area of Scotland.
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
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Canada
Canada is a country in North America.
Carbohydrate
A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula (where m may or may not be different from n), which does not mean the H has covalent bonds with O (for example with, H has a covalent bond with C but not with O).
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is any disease involving the heart or blood vessels.
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Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,Blunt (2004), p. 171.
Cattle feeding
There are different systems of feeding cattle in animal husbandry.
Cell biology
Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells.
Central Europe
Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern Europe.
Cereal
A cereal is a grass cultivated for its edible grain.
Chloroplast DNA
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) is the DNA located in chloroplasts, which are photosynthetic organelles located within the cells of some eukaryotic organisms.
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Cholent
Cholent or Schalet (tsholnt) is a traditional slow-simmering Sabbath stew in Jewish cuisine that was developed by Ashkenazi Jews first in France and later Germany, and is first mentioned in the 12th century.
Chromosome
A chromosome is a package of DNA with part or all of the genetic material of an organism.
Click beetle
Elateridae or click beetles (or "typical click beetles" to distinguish them from the related families Cerophytidae and Eucnemidae, which are also capable of clicking) are a family of beetles.
Clifton Hampden
Clifton Hampden is a village and civil parish on the north bank of the River Thames, just over east of Abingdon in Oxfordshire.
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Cochliobolus sativus
The fungus Cochliobolus sativus is the teleomorph (sexual stage) of Bipolaris sorokiniana (anamorph) which is the causal agent of a wide variety of cereal diseases.
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Coeliac disease
Coeliac disease (British English) or celiac disease (American English) is a long-term autoimmune disorder, primarily affecting the small intestine, where individuals develop intolerance to gluten, present in foods such as wheat, rye and barley.
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Combine harvester
The modern combine harvester, also called a combine, is a machine designed to harvest a variety of cultivated seeds.
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County Durham
County Durham, officially simply Durham (/ˈdʌrəm/), is a ceremonial county in North East England.
Crete
Crete (translit, Modern:, Ancient) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Corsica.
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Cultivar
A cultivar is a kind of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and which retains those traits when propagated.
Cuthbert Sharp
Sir Cuthbert Sharp (1781–1849) was an English soldier, official and antiquary.
Demeter
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Demeter (Attic: Δημήτηρ Dēmḗtēr; Doric: Δαμάτηρ Dāmā́tēr) is the Olympian goddess of the harvest and agriculture, presiding over crops, grains, food, and the fertility of the earth.
Dietary fiber
Dietary fiber (fibre in Commonwealth English) or roughage is the portion of plant-derived food that cannot be completely broken down by human digestive enzymes.
Disease vector
In epidemiology, a disease vector is any living agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen such as a parasite or microbe, to another living organism.
Distillation
Distillation, also classical distillation, is the process of separating the component substances of a liquid mixture of two or more chemically discrete substances; the separation process is realized by way of the selective boiling of the mixture and the condensation of the vapors in a still.
Dominance (genetics)
In genetics, dominance is the phenomenon of one variant (allele) of a gene on a chromosome masking or overriding the effect of a different variant of the same gene on the other copy of the chromosome.
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Drought tolerance in barley
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is known to be more environmentally-tolerant than other cereal crops, in terms of soil pH, mineral nutrient availability, and water availability.
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Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent.
Egyptian hieroglyphs
Egyptian hieroglyphs were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt for writing the Egyptian language.
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Eleusinian Mysteries
The Eleusinian Mysteries (Eleusínia Mystḗria) were initiations held every year for the cult of Demeter and Persephone based at the Panhellenic Sanctuary of Eleusis in ancient Greece.
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Elsevier
Elsevier is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content.
Elsie Marley
Elsie Marley (c. 1713–1768) was an alewife in Picktree, near Chester-le-Street, County Durham, England.
English folklore
English folklore consists of the myths and legends of England, including the English region's mythical creatures, traditional recipes, urban legends, proverbs, superstitions, and folktales.
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Epipalaeolithic
In archaeology, the Epipalaeolithic or Epipaleolithic (sometimes Epi-paleolithic etc.) is a period occurring between the Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic during the Stone Age.
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Eritrea
Eritrea (or; Ertra), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa, with its capital and largest city at Asmara.
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa.
Eurasia
Eurasia is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia.
Fat
In nutrition, biology, and chemistry, fat usually means any ester of fatty acids, or a mixture of such compounds, most commonly those that occur in living beings or in food.
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Fertile Crescent
The Fertile Crescent (الهلال الخصيب) is a crescent-shaped region in the Middle East, spanning modern-day Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria, together with northern Kuwait, south-eastern Turkey, and western Iran.
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Festuca
Festuca (fescue) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the grass family Poaceae (subfamily Pooideae).
Folk music
Folk music is a music genre that includes traditional folk music and the contemporary genre that evolved from the former during the 20th-century folk revival.
Food
Food is any substance consumed by an organism for nutritional support.
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Food and Agriculture Organization
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsOrganisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture; Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'alimentazione e l'agricoltura.
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Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database
The Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT) website disseminates statistical data collected and maintained by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
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Food and Drug Administration
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services.
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Food energy
Food energy is chemical energy that animals (including humans) derive from their food to sustain their metabolism, including their muscular activity.
Founder crops
The founder crops or primary domesticates are a group of flowering plants that were domesticated by early farming communities in Southwest Asia and went on to form the basis of agricultural economies across Eurasia.
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.
Fusarium ear blight
Fusarium ear blight (FEB) (also called Fusarium head blight, FHB, or scab), is a fungal disease of cereals, including wheat, barley, oats, rye and triticale.
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Garden of Eden
In Abrahamic religions, the Garden of Eden (גַּן־עֵדֶן|gan-ʿĒḏen; Εδέμ; Paradisus) or Garden of God (גַּן־יְהֹוֶה|gan-YHWH|label.
Gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings.
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Genetic linkage
Genetic linkage is the tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction.
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Genus
Genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses.
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Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.
Gluten
Gluten is a structural protein naturally found in certain cereal grains.
Gluten-related disorders is the term for the diseases triggered by gluten, including celiac disease (CD), non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), gluten ataxia, dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and wheat allergy.
See Barley and Gluten-related disorders
Groat (grain)
Groats (or in some cases, "berries") are the hulled kernels of various cereal grains, such as oats, wheat, rye, and barley.
Gruel
Gruel is a food consisting of some type of cereal—such as ground oats, wheat, rye, or rice—heated or boiled in water or milk.
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Harcourt (publisher)
Harcourt was an American publishing firm with a long history of publishing fiction and nonfiction for adults and children.
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Hardiness (plants)
Hardiness of plants describes their ability to survive adverse growing conditions.
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Harvest
Harvesting is the process of collecting plants, animals, or fish (as well as fungi) as food, especially the process of gathering mature crops, and "the harvest" also refers to the collected crops.
Health Canada
Health Canada (HC; Santé Canada, SC)Health Canada is the applied title under the Federal Identity Program; the legal title is Department of Health.
Herb
In general use, herbs are a widely distributed and widespread group of plants, excluding vegetables and other plants consumed for macronutrients, with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, for medicinal purposes, or for fragrances.
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Herringbone pattern
The herringbone pattern is an arrangement of rectangles used for floor tilings and road pavement, so named for a fancied resemblance to the bones of a fish such as a herring.
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Highlands and Islands
The Highlands and Islands is an area of Scotland broadly covering the Scottish Highlands, plus Orkney, Shetland, and the Outer Hebrides (Western Isles).
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History of Crete
The history of Crete goes back to the 7th millennium BC, preceding the ancient Minoan civilization by more than four millennia.
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Homeric Hymns
The Homeric Hymns are a collection of thirty-three ancient Greek hymns and one epigram.
Hordeum
Hordeum is a genus of annual and perennial plants in the grass family.
Hordeum distichon
Hordeum distichon, the common barley or two-rowed barley, is a cultigen of barley, family Poaceae. Barley and Hordeum distichon are Hordeum.
See Barley and Hordeum distichon
Hordeum spontaneum
Hordeum spontaneum, commonly known as wild barley or spontaneous barley, is the wild form of the grass in the family Poaceae that gave rise to the cereal barley (Hordeum vulgare). Barley and Hordeum spontaneum are forages and Hordeum.
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Horizontal gene transfer
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) is the movement of genetic material between organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offspring (reproduction).
See Barley and Horizontal gene transfer
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works.
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Husk
Husk (or hull) in botany is the outer shell or coating of a seed.
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Ideogram
An ideogram or ideograph (from Greek 'idea' + 'to write') is a symbol that represents an idea or concept independent of any particular language.
Indus Valley Civilisation
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE.
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Iranian cuisine
Iranian cuisine is the culinary traditions of Iran.
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Iron
Iron is a chemical element.
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Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.
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J. R. R. Tolkien
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (3 January 1892 – 2 September 1973) was an English writer and philologist.
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Japan Self-Defense Forces
The Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF, 自衛隊; Hepburn: Jieitai), also known as the Japanese Armed Forces, are the unified military forces of Japan.
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Japanese cuisine
Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of political, economic, and social changes.
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Jarmo
Jarmo (Qal'at Jarmo) (Çermo) is a prehistoric archeological site located in modern Iraqi Kurdistan on the foothills of the Zagros Mountains.
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John Barleycorn
"John Barleycorn" is an English and Scottish folk song.
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Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
The Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition is a peer-reviewed medical journal that publishes papers in the field of nutrition and dietetics.
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Karl Koch (botanist)
Karl Heinrich Emil Koch (6 June 1809 – 25 May 1879) was a German botanist.
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Kashk
Kashk (کشک Kašk, keş), qurut (Tuvan and курут, құрт, gurt, qurt, qurut, قروت, Turkish: kurut), chortan (չորթան chort’an), or aaruul and khuruud (Mongolian: ааруул or хурууд) is a range of dairy products popular in Iranian cuisine, Caucasian cuisine, and Central Asian cuisine.
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Keşkek
Keşkek, also known as kashkak, kashkek, or keške, is a ceremonial meat or chicken and wheat or barley stew found in Turkish, Iranian, Greek, Armenian and Balkan cuisines.
Knossos
Knossos (pronounced; Knōssós,; Linear B: 𐀒𐀜𐀰 Ko-no-so) is a Bronze Age archaeological site in Crete.
Kurdish cuisine
Kurdish cuisine (خواردنی کوردی or Xwarina Kurdî) consists of a wide variety of foods prepared by the Kurdish people.
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Kykeon
Kykeon (from,; "to stir, to mix") was an Ancient Greek drink of various descriptions.
Linear B
Linear B is a syllabic script that was used for writing in Mycenaean Greek, the earliest attested form of the Greek language.
Lolium
Lolium is a genus of tufted grasses in the bluegrass subfamily (Pooideae).
Lynn News
The Lynn News is an English newspaper published by Iliffe Media and appearing each Tuesday and Friday in King's Lynn, Norfolk, England.
Maize
Maize (Zea mays), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout grass that produces cereal grain.
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Malt
Malt is any cereal grain that has been made to germinate by soaking in water and then stopped from germinating further by drying with hot air, a process known as "malting".
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Malt whisky
Malt whisky is whisky made from a fermented mash consisting of malted barley.
Malting
Malting is the process of steeping, germinating and drying grain to convert it into malt.
Manganese
Manganese is a chemical element; it has symbol Mn and atomic number 25.
Mashing
In brewing and distilling, mashing is the process of combining a mix of ground grains – typically malted barley with supplementary grains such as corn, sorghum, rye, or wheat (known as the "grain bill") with water and then heating the mixture.
Mealybug
Mealybugs are insects in the family Pseudococcidae, unarmored scale insects found in moist, warm habitats.
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.
Middle East
The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.
Middle-earth
Middle-earth is the setting of much of the English writer J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy.
Mineral (nutrient)
In the context of nutrition, a mineral is a chemical element.
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Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
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Mizrahi Jews
Mizrahi Jews (יהודי המִזְרָח), also known as Mizrahim (מִזְרָחִים) or Mizrachi (מִזְרָחִי) and alternatively referred to as Oriental Jews or Edot HaMizrach (עֲדוֹת־הַמִּזְרָח), are terms used in Israeli discourse to refer to a grouping of Jewish communities that lived in the Muslim world.
Molecular biology
Molecular biology is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions.
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Molecular marker
In molecular biology and other fields, a molecular marker is a molecule, sampled from some source, that gives information about its source.
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Money
Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts, such as taxes, in a particular country or socio-economic context.
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Mumun pottery period
The Mumun pottery period is an archaeological era in Korean prehistory that dates to approximately 1500-300 BC.
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Murri (condiment)
Murrī or almorí (in Andalusia) was a liquid condiment made using a fermented solid-state starter called budhaj that was made with barley flour or wheat flour, known from Maghrebi and Arab cuisines.
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Mutation
In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.
Mythimna unipuncta
Mythimna unipuncta, the true armyworm moth, white-speck moth, common armyworm, or rice armyworm, is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae.
See Barley and Mythimna unipuncta
National Academies Press
The US National Academies Press (NAP) was created to publish the reports issued by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, the National Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Medicine, and the National Research Council.
See Barley and National Academies Press
Natural History (Pliny)
The Natural History (Naturalis Historia) is a Latin work by Pliny the Elder.
See Barley and Natural History (Pliny)
Nature (journal)
Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.
See Barley and Nature (journal)
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) or gluten sensitivity is a controversial disorder which can cause both gastrointestinal and other problems.
See Barley and Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
Norse mythology
Norse, Nordic, or Scandinavian mythology, is the body of myths belonging to the North Germanic peoples, stemming from Old Norse religion and continuing after the Christianization of Scandinavia, and into the Nordic folklore of the modern period.
See Barley and Norse mythology
North Africa
North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of the Western Sahara in the west, to Egypt and Sudan's Red Sea coast in the east.
Nuclear DNA
Nuclear DNA (nDNA), or nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid, is the DNA contained within each cell nucleus of a eukaryotic organism.
Nutrient
A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow and reproduce.
Ohalo II
Ohalo II is an archaeological site in Northern Israel, near Kinneret, on the southwest shore of the Sea of Galilee.
Old English
Old English (Englisċ or Ænglisc), or Anglo-Saxon, was the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.
Old Straight Road
The Old Straight Road, the Straight Road, the Lost Road, or the Lost Straight Road, is J. R. R. Tolkien's conception, in his fantasy world of Arda, of the route that his Elves are able to follow to reach the earthly paradise of Valinor, realm of the godlike Valar.
See Barley and Old Straight Road
Old World
The "Old World" is a term for Afro-Eurasia that originated in Europe after 1493, when Europeans became aware of the existence of the Americas.
Orkney
Orkney (Orkney; Orkneyjar; Orknøjar), also known as the Orkney Islands (archaically "The Orkneys"), is an archipelago off the north coast of Scotland.
Orlando, Florida
Orlando is a city in and the county seat of Orange County, Florida, United States.
See Barley and Orlando, Florida
Oryza
Oryza is a genus of plants in the grass family.
See Barley and Oryza
Outer Hebrides
The Outer Hebrides or Western Isles (na h-Eileanan Siar, na h-Eileanan an Iar or label; Waster Isles), sometimes known as the Long Isle or Long Island (an t-Eilean Fada), is an island chain off the west coast of mainland Scotland.
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Barley and Oxford University Press
PACMAD clade
The PACMAD clade (previously PACCMAD, PACCAD, or PACC) is one of two major lineages (or clades) of the true grasses (Poaceae), regrouping six subfamilies and about 5700 species, more than half of all true grasses.
Pearl barley
Pearl barley, or pearled barley, is barley that has been processed to remove its fibrous outer hull and polished to remove some or all of the bran layer.
Peko
Peko (Finnish spelling Pekko, Pekka, Pellon Pekko) is an ancient Estonian and Finnish god of crops, especially barley and brewing.
See Barley and Peko
Peter Henry Emerson
Peter Henry Emerson (13 May 1856 – 12 May 1936) was a British writer and photographer.
See Barley and Peter Henry Emerson
Phenotype
In genetics, the phenotype is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism.
Phylogenetic tree
A phylogenetic tree, phylogeny or evolutionary tree is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa during a specific time.
See Barley and Phylogenetic tree
Plant disease
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors).
Plant Disease (journal)
Plant Disease is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of plant pathology focusing on new diseases, epidemics, and methods of disease control.
See Barley and Plant Disease (journal)
Plant disease resistance
Plant disease resistance protects plants from pathogens in two ways: by pre-formed structures and chemicals, and by infection-induced responses of the immune system.
See Barley and Plant disease resistance
Plant morphology
Phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants.
See Barley and Plant morphology
Pliny the Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/24 AD 79), called Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, natural philosopher, naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian.
See Barley and Pliny the Elder
Ploidy
Ploidy is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes.
PLOS One
PLOS One (stylized PLOS ONE, and formerly PLoS ONE) is a peer-reviewed open access mega journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS) since 2006.
Poaceae
Poaceae, also called Gramineae, is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses.
Pooideae
The Pooideae are the largest subfamily of the grass family Poaceae, with about 4,000 species in 15 tribes and roughly 200 genera.
Protein (nutrient)
Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body.
See Barley and Protein (nutrient)
Pub names
Pub names are used to identify and differentiate traditional drinking establishments.
Puccinia coronata
Puccinia coronata is a plant pathogen and causal agent of oat and barley crown rust.
See Barley and Puccinia coronata
Puccinia hordei
Puccinia hordei is a species of rust fungus.
See Barley and Puccinia hordei
Pyrenophora teres
Pyrenophora teres is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen of some plant species, the most significant of which are economically important agricultural crops such as barley.
See Barley and Pyrenophora teres
Raceme
A raceme or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers.
Rachis
In biology, a rachis (from the ῥάχις, "backbone, spine") is a main axis or "shaft".
Ramadan
Ramadan (Ramaḍān; also spelled Ramazan, Ramzan, Ramadhan, or Ramathan) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (sawm), prayer (salah), reflection, and community.
Recipe
A recipe is a set of instructions that describes how to prepare or make something, especially a dish of prepared food.
Reference Daily Intake
In the U.S. and Canada, the Reference Daily Intake (RDI) is used in nutrition labeling on food and dietary supplement products to indicate the daily intake level of a nutrient that is considered to be sufficient to meet the requirements of 97–98% of healthy individuals in every demographic in the United States.
See Barley and Reference Daily Intake
Reticulate evolution
Reticulate evolution, or network evolution is the origination of a lineage through the partial merging of two ancestor lineages, leading to relationships better described by a phylogenetic network than a bifurcating tree.
See Barley and Reticulate evolution
Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale
Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale, the rice root aphid or red rice root aphid, is a sap-sucking insect pest with a wide host range and a global distribution.
See Barley and Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale
Rhynchosporium secalis
Rhynchosporium secalis is an ascomycete fungus that is the causal agent of barley and rye scald.
See Barley and Rhynchosporium secalis
Rice
Rice is a cereal grain and in its domesticated form is the staple food of over half of the world's population, particularly in Asia and Africa.
See Barley and Rice
Rigveda
The Rigveda or Rig Veda (ऋग्वेद,, from ऋच्, "praise" and वेद, "knowledge") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns (sūktas).
Ritschert
Ričet (Ritschert) is a traditional Slovenian, Croatian, Austrian and Bavarian dish.
Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.
Russian wheat aphid
The Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) is an aphid that can cause significant losses in cereal crops.
See Barley and Russian wheat aphid
Rust (fungus)
Rusts are fungal plant pathogens of the order Pucciniales (previously known as Uredinales) causing plant fungal diseases.
Rye
Rye (Secale cereale) is a grass grown extensively as a grain, a cover crop and a forage crop.
See Barley and Rye
Salmon
Salmon (salmon) is the common name for several commercially important species of euryhaline ray-finned fish from the genera Salmo and Oncorhynchus of the family Salmonidae, native to tributaries of the North Atlantic (Salmo) and North Pacific (Oncorhynchus) basins.
Sanskrit
Sanskrit (attributively संस्कृत-,; nominally संस्कृतम्) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages.
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East.
Sceafa
Sceafa (Scēafa, also Scēaf, Scēf) was an ancient Lombardic king in English legend.
Scotch whisky
Scotch whisky (whisky/whiskie or whusk(e)y), often simply called whisky or Scotch, is malt whisky or grain whisky (or a blend of the two) made in Scotland.
Scotland
Scotland (Scots: Scotland; Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
Scythe
A scythe is an agricultural hand tool for mowing grass or harvesting crops.
Sea of Galilee
The Sea of Galilee (יָם כִּנֶּרֶת, Judeo-Aramaic: יַמּא דטבריא, גִּנֵּיסַר, بحيرة طبريا), also called Lake Tiberias or Kinneret, is a freshwater lake in Israel.
Secale
Secale is a genus of the grass tribe Triticeae, which is related to barley (Hordeum) and wheat (Triticum).
Seed dispersal
In spermatophyte plants, seed dispersal is the movement, spread or transport of seeds away from the parent plant.
Seed drill
Canterbury Agricultural College farm, 1948 A seed drill is a device used in agriculture that sows seeds for crops by positioning them in the soil and burying them to a specific depth while being dragged by a tractor.
Seed treatment
A seed treatment is a treatment of the seed with either chemical agents or biological or by physical methods.
Self-pollination
Self-pollination is a form of pollination in which pollen from one plant arrives at the stigma of a flower (in flowering plants) or at the ovule (in gymnosperms) of the same plant.
See Barley and Self-pollination
Shabbat
Shabbat (or; Šabbāṯ) or the Sabbath, also called Shabbos by Ashkenazim, is Judaism's day of rest on the seventh day of the week—i.e., Saturday.
Shala
Shala (Šala) was a Mesopotamian goddess of weather and grain and the wife of the weather god Adad.
See Barley and Shala
Shattering (agriculture)
In agriculture, shattering is the dispersal of a crop's seeds upon their becoming ripe.
See Barley and Shattering (agriculture)
Sheaf (agriculture)
A sheaf (sheaves) is a bunch of cereal-crop stems bound together after reaping, traditionally by sickle, later by scythe or, after its introduction in 1872, by a mechanical reaper-binder.
See Barley and Sheaf (agriculture)
Shekel
Shekel or sheqel (šiqlu, siqlu; ṯiql, šeqel, plural šəqālim, 𐤔𐤒𐤋) is an ancient Mesopotamian coin, usually of silver.
Shetland
Shetland, also called the Shetland Islands, is an archipelago in Scotland lying between Orkney, the Faroe Islands, and Norway.
Sickle
A sickle, bagging hook, reaping-hook or grasshook is a single-handed agricultural tool designed with variously curved blades and typically used for harvesting or reaping grain crops, or cutting succulent forage chiefly for feeding livestock.
Simon & Schuster
Simon & Schuster LLC is an American publishing company owned by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts.
See Barley and Simon & Schuster
Skjöldr
Skjöldr (Old Norse Skjǫldr, Icelandic Skjöldur, sometimes Anglicized as Skjold or Skiold, Latinized as Skioldus; Old English Scyld, Proto-Germanic *Skelduz ‘shield’) was among the first legendary Danish kings.
Soil salinity
Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization.
Sorghum
Sorghum bicolor, commonly called sorghum and also known as great millet, broomcorn, guinea corn, durra, imphee, jowar, or milo, is a species in the grass genus Sorghum cultivated for its grain. Barley and sorghum are forages.
Sowing
Sowing is the process of planting seeds.
Spikelet
A spikelet, in botany, describes the typical arrangement of the inflorescences of grasses, sedges and some other monocots.
Staple food
A staple food, food staple, or simply staple, is a food that is eaten often and in such quantities that it constitutes a dominant portion of a standard diet for an individual or a population group, supplying a large fraction of energy needs and generally forming a significant proportion of the intake of other nutrients as well.
Stem rust
Stem rust, also known as cereal rust, black rust, red rust or red dust, is caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis, which causes significant disease in cereal crops.
Stew
A stew is a combination of solid food ingredients that have been cooked in liquid and served in the resultant gravy.
See Barley and Stew
Sumerian language
Sumerian (Also written 𒅴𒄀 eme-gi.ePSD2 entry for emegir.|'native language'|) was the language of ancient Sumer.
See Barley and Sumerian language
SUNY Press
The State University of New York Press (more commonly referred to as the SUNY Press) is a university press affiliated with the State University of New York system.
Takaki Kanehiro
Baron was a Japanese naval physician.
See Barley and Takaki Kanehiro
Temperate climate
In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.
See Barley and Temperate climate
The Plant Journal
The Plant Journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of plant science published by Wiley-Blackwell for the Society for Experimental Biology.
See Barley and The Plant Journal
Thiamine deficiency
Thiamine deficiency is a medical condition of low levels of thiamine (vitamin B1).
See Barley and Thiamine deficiency
Tibet
Tibet (Böd), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about.
See Barley and Tibet
Tibetan cuisine
Tibetan cuisine includes the culinary traditions and practices of the Tibetan people in the Tibet region.
See Barley and Tibetan cuisine
Tillage
Tillage is the agricultural preparation of soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning.
Tolkien's legendarium
Tolkien's legendarium is the body of J. R. R. Tolkien's mythopoeic writing, unpublished in his lifetime, that forms the background to his The Lord of the Rings, and which his son Christopher summarized in his compilation of The Silmarillion and documented in his 12-volume series The History of Middle-earth.
See Barley and Tolkien's legendarium
Tonne
The tonne (or; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms.
See Barley and Tonne
Triticeae
Triticeae is a botanical tribe within the subfamily Pooideae of grasses that includes genera with many domesticated species.
Trout
Trout (trout) is a generic common name for numerous species of carnivorous freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the genera Oncorhynchus, Salmo and Salvelinus, all of which are members of the subfamily Salmoninae in the family Salmonidae.
See Barley and Trout
Tsampa
Tsampa or Tsamba is a Tibetan and Himalayan staple foodstuff, it is also prominent in parts of northern Nepal.
United States Department of Agriculture
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is an executive department of the United States federal government that aims to meet the needs of commercial farming and livestock food production, promotes agricultural trade and production, works to assure food safety, protects natural resources, fosters rural communities and works to end hunger in the United States and internationally.
See Barley and United States Department of Agriculture
University of Toronto Press
The University of Toronto Press is a Canadian university press.
See Barley and University of Toronto Press
Validly published name
In botanical nomenclature, a validly published name is a name that meets the requirements in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants for valid publication.
See Barley and Validly published name
Valinor
Valinor (Quenya: Land of the Valar) or the Blessed Realm is a fictional location in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, the home of the immortal Valar on the continent of Aman, far to the west of Middle-earth; he used the name Aman mainly to mean Valinor.
Vitamin B3
Vitamin B3, colloquially referred to as niacin, is a vitamin family that includes three forms, or vitamers: niacin (nicotinic acid), nicotinamide (niacinamide), and nicotinamide riboside.
Wheat
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a staple food around the world.
See Barley and Wheat
Wheat allergy
Wheat allergy is an allergy to wheat which typically presents itself as a food allergy, but can also be a contact allergy resulting from occupational exposure.
Whisky
Whisky or whiskey is a type of liquor made from fermented grain mash.
Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.
See Barley and Wiley-Blackwell
William of Malmesbury
William of Malmesbury (Willelmus Malmesbiriensis) was the foremost English historian of the 12th century.
See Barley and William of Malmesbury
Winter wheat
Winter wheat (usually Triticum aestivum) are strains of wheat that are planted in the autumn to germinate and develop into young plants that remain in the vegetative phase during the winter and resume growth in early spring.
Wolters Kluwer
Wolters Kluwer N.V. is a Dutch information services company.
Xanthomonas translucens
Xanthomonas translucens is a species of phytopathogenic bacteria.
See Barley and Xanthomonas translucens
Zea (plant)
Zea is a genus of flowering plants in the grass family.
Zygosity
Zygosity (the noun, zygote, is from the Greek "yoked," from "yoke") is the degree to which both copies of a chromosome or gene have the same genetic sequence.
See also
Founder crops
Hordeum
- Barley
- Hordeum
- Hordeum aegiceras
- Hordeum arizonicum
- Hordeum brachyantherum
- Hordeum brevisubulatum
- Hordeum bulbosum
- Hordeum capense
- Hordeum chilense
- Hordeum comosum
- Hordeum cordobense
- Hordeum depressum
- Hordeum distichon
- Hordeum intercedens
- Hordeum jubatum
- Hordeum lechleri
- Hordeum marinum
- Hordeum murinum
- Hordeum muticum
- Hordeum parodii
- Hordeum patagonicum
- Hordeum pubiflorum
- Hordeum pusillum
- Hordeum secalinum
- Hordeum spontaneum
Millets
- Barley
- Brachiaria deflexa
- Chatang
- Digitaria exilis
- Echinochloa
- Echinochloa colona
- Echinochloa crus-galli
- Echinochloa esculenta
- Echinochloa frumentacea
- Echinochloa stagnina
- Finger millet
- Fonio
- Foxtail millet
- Indian Institute of Millets Research
- International Year of Millets
- Japanese millet
- Kibi dango (millet dumpling)
- List of insect pests of millets
- Millet
- Millet beer
- Millet wine
- Panicum antidotale
- Panicum hirticaule
- Panicum sumatrense
- Paspalum scrobiculatum
- Pearl millet
- Proso millet
- Spodiopogon formosanus
- Tongba
- Urochloa ramosa
Phytoremediation plants
- Ambrosia artemisiifolia
- Apocynum cannabinum
- Arborloo
- Barley
- Bioretention
- Brassica juncea
- Cannabis sativa
- Carex nebrascensis
- Cenchrus purpureus
- Common sunflower
- Ecological restoration
- Eleocharis macrostachya
- Groundwater remediation
- Hydrilla
- Hyperaccumulator
- Hyperaccumulators table – 2: Nickel
- Hyperaccumulators table – 3
- Leersia hexandra
- Lemnoideae
- List of hyperaccumulators
- Lolium arundinaceum
- Lupinus microcarpus
- Melilotus officinalis
- Moringa oleifera
- Noccaea caerulescens
- Panicum virgatum
- Paulownia
- Phalaris arundinacea
- Phragmites
- Phytoextraction process
- Phytomining
- Phytoremediation
- Pistia
- Polypogon
- Pteris vittata
- Rhizofiltration
- Salix babylonica
- Salix viminalis
- Soda inermis
- Sugar beet
- Tradescantia pallida
- Treebog
- Vicia faba
- Wolffia arrhiza
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barley
Also known as 2row, 4row, 6row, Azure (barley), Baere, Barley Grass, Barley breeding, Barley cultivar, Betzes, CYP96B22, Chalbori, Common Barley, Fall barley, Feed barley, Four row, Four-row, Glutinous barley, H. vulgare, Hordeum hexastichum, Hordeum sativum, Hordeum vulgare, Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare, Malting barley, Manscheuri, Mansury, Morex, Orzo (cereal), Plumage Archer, Pot barley, Sanalta, Scotch barley, Six row, Six-row, Six-row barley, Six-rowed Barley, Spring barley, Sticky barley, Tregal, Two Row, Two row barley, Two-row, Two-row barley, Vrs1, Winter barley, Wisconsin 38.
, Boston, Bread, Breakfast cereal, British Museum, Caffè d'orzo, Caithness, Cambridge University Press, Canada, Carbohydrate, Cardiovascular disease, Carl Linnaeus, Cattle feeding, Cell biology, Central Europe, Cereal, Chloroplast DNA, Cholent, Chromosome, Click beetle, Clifton Hampden, Cochliobolus sativus, Coeliac disease, Combine harvester, County Durham, Crete, Cultivar, Cuthbert Sharp, Demeter, Dietary fiber, Disease vector, Distillation, Dominance (genetics), Drought tolerance in barley, Eastern Europe, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Eleusinian Mysteries, Elsevier, Elsie Marley, English folklore, Epipalaeolithic, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Eurasia, Fat, Fertile Crescent, Festuca, Folk music, Food, Food and Agriculture Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database, Food and Drug Administration, Food energy, Founder crops, France, Fusarium ear blight, Garden of Eden, Gene, Genetic linkage, Genus, Germany, Gluten, Gluten-related disorders, Groat (grain), Gruel, Harcourt (publisher), Hardiness (plants), Harvest, Health Canada, Herb, Herringbone pattern, Highlands and Islands, History of Crete, Homeric Hymns, Hordeum, Hordeum distichon, Hordeum spontaneum, Horizontal gene transfer, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Husk, Ideogram, Indus Valley Civilisation, Iranian cuisine, Iron, Italy, J. R. R. Tolkien, Japan Self-Defense Forces, Japanese cuisine, Jarmo, John Barleycorn, Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Karl Koch (botanist), Kashk, Keşkek, Knossos, Kurdish cuisine, Kykeon, Linear B, Lolium, Lynn News, Maize, Malt, Malt whisky, Malting, Manganese, Mashing, Mealybug, Mesopotamia, Middle East, Middle-earth, Mineral (nutrient), Mitochondrial DNA, Mizrahi Jews, Molecular biology, Molecular marker, Money, Mumun pottery period, Murri (condiment), Mutation, Mythimna unipuncta, National Academies Press, Natural History (Pliny), Nature (journal), Non-celiac gluten sensitivity, Norse mythology, North Africa, Nuclear DNA, Nutrient, Ohalo II, Old English, Old Straight Road, Old World, Orkney, Orlando, Florida, Oryza, Outer Hebrides, Oxford University Press, PACMAD clade, Pearl barley, Peko, Peter Henry Emerson, Phenotype, Phylogenetic tree, Plant disease, Plant Disease (journal), Plant disease resistance, Plant morphology, Pliny the Elder, Ploidy, PLOS One, Poaceae, Pooideae, Protein (nutrient), Pub names, Puccinia coronata, Puccinia hordei, Pyrenophora teres, Raceme, Rachis, Ramadan, Recipe, Reference Daily Intake, Reticulate evolution, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale, Rhynchosporium secalis, Rice, Rigveda, Ritschert, Routledge, Russia, Russian wheat aphid, Rust (fungus), Rye, Salmon, Sanskrit, Saudi Arabia, Sceafa, Scotch whisky, Scotland, Scythe, Sea of Galilee, Secale, Seed dispersal, Seed drill, Seed treatment, Self-pollination, Shabbat, Shala, Shattering (agriculture), Sheaf (agriculture), Shekel, Shetland, Sickle, Simon & Schuster, Skjöldr, Soil salinity, Sorghum, Sowing, Spikelet, Staple food, Stem rust, Stew, Sumerian language, SUNY Press, Takaki Kanehiro, Temperate climate, The Plant Journal, Thiamine deficiency, Tibet, Tibetan cuisine, Tillage, Tolkien's legendarium, Tonne, Triticeae, Trout, Tsampa, United States Department of Agriculture, University of Toronto Press, Validly published name, Valinor, Vitamin B3, Wheat, Wheat allergy, Whisky, Wiley-Blackwell, William of Malmesbury, Winter wheat, Wolters Kluwer, Xanthomonas translucens, Zea (plant), Zygosity.