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Barriers to entry, the Glossary

In theories of competition in economics, a barrier to entry, or an economic barrier to entry, is a fixed cost that must be incurred by a new entrant, regardless of production or sales activities, into a market that incumbents do not have or have not had to incur.^[1]

91 relations: Advertising, Airport, Airport slot, American Economic Review, Anti-competitive practices, Barriers to exit, Bertrand competition, Brand, Brand loyalty, California Institute of Technology, Capital intensity, Columbia Law Review, Communication, Competition (economics), Competition law, Consultant, Consumer protection, Cournot competition, Database, Dotdash Meredith, Dumping (pricing policy), Duopoly, E-commerce, Economics, Economies of scale, Education, Electoral threshold, Elsevier, Energy industry, Exclusive dealing, Fixed cost, Franklin M. Fisher, George Stigler, Harvard Business Review, Hotel, Import quota, Intellectual property, Invention, Investment, Investopedia, Ironworks, Joe Bain, Journal of Political Economy, Learning curve, License, Loyalty business model, Lyryx Learning, Market (economics), Market concentration, Market power, ... Expand index (41 more) »

Advertising

Advertising is the practice and techniques employed to bring attention to a product or service.

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Airport

An airport is an aerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air transport.

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Airport slot

A landing slot, takeoff slot, or airport slot is a permission granted by a slot coordinator to use the infrastructure of an airport designated as Level 3 (Coordinated Airport) for take-off and/or landing at a specific time and date.

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American Economic Review

The American Economic Review is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal first published by the American Economic Association in 1911.

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Anti-competitive practices

Anti-competitive practices are business or government practices that prevent or reduce competition in a market.

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Barriers to exit

In economics, barriers to exit are obstacles in the path of a firm that wants to leave a given market or industrial sector. Barriers to entry and barriers to exit are monopoly (economics).

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Bertrand competition

Bertrand competition is a model of competition used in economics, named after Joseph Louis François Bertrand (1822–1900).

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Brand

A brand is a name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that distinguishes one seller's good or service from those of other sellers.

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Brand loyalty

In marketing and consumer behaviour, brand loyalty describes a consumer's persistent positive feelings towards a familiar brand and their dedication to purchasing the brand's products and/or services repeatedly regardless of deficiencies, a competitor's actions, or changes in the market environment.

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California Institute of Technology

The California Institute of Technology (branded as Caltech) is a private research university in Pasadena, California.

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Capital intensity

Capital intensity is the amount of fixed or real capital present in relation to other factors of production, especially labor.

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Columbia Law Review

The Columbia Law Review is a law review edited and published by students at Columbia Law School.

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Communication

Communication is commonly defined as the transmission of information.

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Competition (economics)

In economics, competition is a scenario where different economic firmsThis article follows the general economic convention of referring to all actors as firms; examples in include individuals and brands or divisions within the same (legal) firm.

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Competition law

Competition law is the field of law that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies. Barriers to entry and competition law are monopoly (economics).

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Consultant

A consultant (from consultare "to deliberate") is a professional (also known as expert, specialist, see variations of meaning below) who provides advice or services in an area of specialization (generally to medium or large-size corporations).

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Consumer protection

Consumer protection is the practice of safeguarding buyers of goods and services, and the public, against unfair practices in the marketplace.

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Cournot competition

Cournot competition is an economic model used to describe an industry structure in which companies compete on the amount of output they will produce, which they decide on independently of each other and at the same time.

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Database

In computing, a database is an organized collection of data or a type of data store based on the use of a database management system (DBMS), the software that interacts with end users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze the data.

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Dotdash Meredith

Dotdash Meredith (formerly The Mining Company, About.com and Dotdash) is an American digital media company based in New York City.

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Dumping (pricing policy)

Dumping, in economics, is a form of predatory pricing, especially in the context of international trade. Barriers to entry and Dumping (pricing policy) are anti-competitive practices.

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Duopoly

A duopoly (from Greek δύο, duo "two" and πωλεῖν, polein "to sell") is a type of oligopoly where two firms have dominant or exclusive control over a market, and most (if not all) of the competition within that market occurs directly between them.

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E-commerce

E-commerce (electronic commerce) is the activity of electronically buying or selling products on online services or over the Internet.

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Economics

Economics is a social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

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Economies of scale

In microeconomics, economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation, and are typically measured by the amount of output produced per unit of time.

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Education

Education is the transmission of knowledge, skills, and character traits and manifests in various forms.

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Electoral threshold

The electoral threshold, or election threshold, is the minimum share of all the votes cast that a candidate or political party requires to achieve before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature.

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Elsevier

Elsevier is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content.

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Energy industry

The energy industry is the totality of all of the industries involved in the production and sale of energy, including fuel extraction, manufacturing, refining and distribution.

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Exclusive dealing

In Economics and Law, exclusive dealing arises when a supplier entails the buyer by placing limitations on the rights of the buyer to choose what, who and where they deal. Barriers to entry and exclusive dealing are anti-competitive practices.

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Fixed cost

In accounting and economics, fixed costs, also known as indirect costs or overhead costs, are business expenses that are not dependent on the level of goods or services produced by the business.

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Franklin M. Fisher

Franklin Marvin Fisher (December 13, 1934 – April 29, 2019) was an American economist.

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George Stigler

George Joseph Stigler (January 17, 1911 – December 1, 1991) was an American economist.

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Harvard Business Review

Harvard Business Review (HBR) is a general management magazine published by Harvard Business Publishing, a not-for-profit, independent corporation that is an affiliate of Harvard Business School.

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Hotel

A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis.

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Import quota

An import quota is a type of trade restriction that sets a physical limit on the quantity of a good that can be imported into a country in a given period of time.

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Intellectual property

Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect.

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Invention

An invention is a unique or novel device, method, composition, idea or process.

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Investment

Investment is traditionally defined as the "commitment of resources to achieve later benefits".

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Investopedia

Investopedia is a global financial media website headquartered in New York City.

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Ironworks

An ironworks or iron works is an industrial plant where iron is smelted and where heavy iron and steel products are made.

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Joe Bain

Joe Staten Bain (4 July 1912, Spokane, Washington – 7 September 1991, Columbus, Ohio) was an American economist associated with the University of California, Berkeley.

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Journal of Political Economy

The Journal of Political Economy is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press.

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Learning curve

A learning curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between how proficient people are at a task and the amount of experience they have.

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License

A license (US) or licence (Commonwealth) is an official permission or permit to do, use, or own something (as well as the document of that permission or permit).

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Loyalty business model

The loyalty business model is a business model used in strategic management in which company resources are employed so as to increase the loyalty of customers and other stakeholders in the expectation that corporate objectives will be met or surpassed.

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Lyryx Learning

Lyryx Learning (Lyryx) is an educational software company offering open educational resources (OERs) paired with online homework & exams for undergraduate introductory courses in Mathematics & Statistics and Business & Economics.

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Market (economics)

In economics, a market is a composition of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations or infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange.

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Market concentration

In economics, market concentration is a function of the number of firms and their respective shares of the total production (alternatively, total capacity or total reserves) in a market. Barriers to entry and market concentration are monopoly (economics).

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Market power

In economics, market power refers to the ability of a firm to influence the price at which it sells a product or service by manipulating either the supply or demand of the product or service to increase economic profit.

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Michael Porter

Michael Eugene Porter (born May 23, 1947) is an American academic known for his theories on economics, business strategy, and social causes.

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Microprocessor

A microprocessor is a computer processor for which the data processing logic and control is included on a single integrated circuit (IC), or a small number of ICs.

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Monopolistic competition

Monopolistic competition is a type of imperfect competition such that there are many producers competing against each other but selling products that are differentiated from one another (e.g., branding, quality) and hence not perfect substitutes.

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Monopoly

A monopoly (from Greek label and label), as described by Irving Fisher, is a market with the "absence of competition", creating a situation where a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular thing. Barriers to entry and monopoly are monopoly (economics).

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Natural monopoly

A natural monopoly is a monopoly in an industry in which high infrastructural costs and other barriers to entry relative to the size of the market give the largest supplier in an industry, often the first supplier in a market, an overwhelming advantage over potential competitors. Barriers to entry and natural monopoly are monopoly (economics).

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Network effect

In economics, a network effect (also called network externality or demand-side economies of scale) is the phenomenon by which the value or utility a user derives from a good or service depends on the number of users of compatible products. Barriers to entry and network effect are monopoly (economics).

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Occupational licensing

Occupational licensing, also called licensure, is a form of government regulation requiring a license to pursue a particular profession or vocation for compensation. Barriers to entry and Occupational licensing are anti-competitive practices.

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OECD

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental organisation with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.

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Oligopoly

An oligopoly is a market in which control over an industry lies in the hands of a few large sellers who own a dominant share of the market.

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Opportunity cost

In microeconomic theory, the opportunity cost of a choice is the value of the best alternative forgone where, given limited resources, a choice needs to be made between several mutually exclusive alternatives.

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Oxford Economic Papers

Oxford Economic Papers is a peer reviewed academic journal of general economics published by Oxford University Press since 1938.

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Patent

A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention. Barriers to entry and patent are monopoly (economics).

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Perfect competition

In economics, specifically general equilibrium theory, a perfect market, also known as an atomistic market, is defined by several idealizing conditions, collectively called perfect competition, or atomistic competition.

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Personal computer

A personal computer, often referred to as a PC, is a computer designed for individual use.

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Political party

A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections.

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Predatory pricing

Predatory pricing is a commercial pricing strategy which involves the use of large scale undercutting to eliminate competition. Barriers to entry and Predatory pricing are anti-competitive practices and monopoly (economics).

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Price

A price is the (usually not negative) quantity of payment or compensation expected, required, or given by one party to another in return for goods or services.

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Price elasticity of demand

A good's price elasticity of demand (E_d, PED) is a measure of how sensitive the quantity demanded is to its price.

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Price war

A price war is a form of market competition in which companies within an industry engage in aggressive pricing strategies, “characterized by the repeated cutting of prices below those of competitors”.

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Procedia

Procedia is an open access journal series published by Elsevier.

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Product differentiation

In economics and marketing, product differentiation (or simply differentiation) is the process of distinguishing a product or service from others to make it more attractive to a particular target market.

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Profit margin

Profit margin is a financial ratio that measures the percentage of profit earned by a company in relation to its revenue.

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Raw material

A raw material, also known as a feedstock, unprocessed material, or primary commodity, is a basic material that is used to produce goods, finished goods, energy, or intermediate materials that are feedstock for future finished products.

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Research and development

Research and development (R&D or R+D; also known in Europe as research and technological development or RTD) is the set of innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products and carrier science computer marketplace e-commerce, copy center and service maintenance troubleshooting software, hardware improving existing ones.

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Resource

Resource refers to all the materials available in our environment which are technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally sustainable and help us to satisfy our needs and wants.

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Retail

Retail is the sale of goods and services to consumers, in contrast to wholesaling, which is sale to business or institutional customers.

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Sage Publishing

Sage Publishing, formerly SAGE Publications, is an American independent academic publishing company, founded in 1965 in New York City by Sara Miller McCune and now based in the Newbury Park neighborhood of Thousand Oaks, California.

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Service mark

A service mark or servicemark is a trademark used in the United States and several other countries to identify a service rather than a product.

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Starting a Business Index

The Starting a Business Index is a sub-index of the World Bank Ease of Doing Business Index.

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Strategic entry deterrence

In the theories of competition in economics, strategic entry deterrence is when an existing firm within a market acts in a manner to discourage the entry of new potential firms to the market. Barriers to entry and strategic entry deterrence are anti-competitive practices.

See Barriers to entry and Strategic entry deterrence

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barriers_to_entry

Also known as Barrier To Entry, Barrier to market entry, Barriers to market entry, Entry (economics), Entry barrier, Market barrier, Market power theory of advertising.

, Michael Porter, Microprocessor, Monopolistic competition, Monopoly, Natural monopoly, Network effect, Occupational licensing, OECD, Oligopoly, Opportunity cost, Oxford Economic Papers, Patent, Perfect competition, Personal computer, Political party, Predatory pricing, Price, Price elasticity of demand, Price war, Procedia, Product differentiation, Profit margin, Raw material, Research and development, Resource, Retail, Sage Publishing, Service mark, Starting a Business Index, Strategic entry deterrence, Sunk cost, Switching barriers, Tariff, Technology, Telecommunications, Trademark, V-Dem Democracy Indices, Vertical integration, Wiley (publisher), Zero-profit condition, Zoning.

Barriers to entry, the Glossary

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