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Battle of the Camel, the Glossary

127 relations: Aban ibn Uthman, Abd al-Qays, Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr, Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, Abd Allah ibn Amir, Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab, Abd-Allah ibn Aamir Hadhrami, Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, Abu Bakr, Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, Abu Hanifa Dinawari, Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, Abu Qatada al-Ansari, Abulfeda, Adi ibn Hatim, Administrative policies of Ali, Aisha, Al-Ahnaf, Al-Baladhuri, Al-Rabadha, Al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Al-Tabari, Al-Walid ibn Uqba, Al-Yamama, Ali, Ammar ibn Yasir, Amr ibn Jarmuz, Ansar (Islam), Arabs, Asma Afsaruddin, Azd, Bahrain, Banu Amir, Banu Bakr, Banu Hashim, Banu Sa'd, Banu Tamim, Basra, Battle of Siffin, Caliphate, Camel, Companions of the Prophet, Damascus, Egypt, Farhad Daftary, First Fitna, Fred Donner, Ghadir Khumm, Giorgio Levi Della Vida, Hafsa bint Umar, ... Expand index (77 more) »
650s conflicts
656
First Fitna
Military history of Basra
Shia days of remembrance

Aban ibn Uthman

Abu Sa'id Aban ibn Uthman ibn Affan al-Umawi (died 105 AH/723 CE) was a Muslim historian and traditionalist.

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Abd al-Qays

The Abd al-Qays (عبد القيس) is an ancient Arabian tribe from the Rabi'a branch of the North Arabian tribes.

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Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abu Bakr (–675),Siddiq-e-Akbar Hazrat Abu Bakr by prof.

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Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr

Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam (translit; May 624October/November 692) was the leader of a caliphate based in Mecca that rivaled the Umayyads from 683 until his death.

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Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿĀmir ibn Kurayz (أبو عبد الرحمن عبد الله بن عامر بن كريز; 626–678) was a Rashidun politician and general, he served as the governor of Basra from 647 to 656 AD during the reign of Rashidun Caliph Uthman ibn Affan.

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Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb (عبد الله بن عمر ابن الخطاب), commonly known as Ibn Umar, was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a son of the second Caliph Umar.

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Abd-Allah ibn Aamir Hadhrami

Abd-Allah ibn Aamir Hadhrami was the governor of the Arabic city of Kufah during the 7th century.

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Abu Ayyub al-Ansari

Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (Abū Ayyūb al-Anṣārī, Ebu Eyyûb el-Ensarî, died c. 674) — born Khalid ibn Zayd ibn Kulayb ibn Tha'laba (Khālid ibn Zayd ibn Kulayb ibn Thaʿlaba) in Yathrib — was from the tribe of Banu Najjar, was a close companion (Arabic: الصحابه, sahaba) and the standard-bearer of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

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Abu Bakr

Abd Allah ibn Abi Quhafa (23 August 634), commonly known by the kunya Abu Bakr, was the first caliph, ruling from 632 until his death in 634.

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Abu Dharr al-Ghifari

Abu Dharr Al-Ghifari Al-Kinani (أَبُو ذَرّ ٱلْغِفَارِيّ ٱلْكِنَانِيّ), also spelled Abu Tharr or Abu Zar, born Jundab ibn Junādah (جُنْدَب ٱبْن جُنَادَة), was the fourth or fifth person converting to Islam, and a member of the Muhajirun.

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Abu Hanifa Dinawari

Abū Ḥanīfa Aḥmad ibn Dāwūd Dīnawarī (ابوحنيفه دينوری; died 895) was an Islamic Golden Age polymath: astronomer, agriculturist, botanist, metallurgist, geographer, mathematician, and historian.

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Abu Musa al-Ash'ari

Abu Musa Abd Allah ibn Qays al-Ash'ari (Abū Mūsā ʿAbd Allāh ibn Qays al-Ashʿarī), better known as Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī.) (died c. 662 or 672) was a companion of Muhammad and an important figure in early Islamic history.

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Abu Qatada al-Ansari

Abu Qatada al-Ansari (Abū Qatāda al-Anṣārī), also known as Al-Harith ibn Rab'i (al-Ḥārith ibn Rabʿī), was one of the companions of Muhammad.

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Abulfeda

Ismāʿīl bin ʿAlī bin Maḥmūd bin Muḥammad bin ʿUmar bin Shāhanshāh bin Ayyūb bin Shādī bin Marwān (إسماعيل بن علي بن محمود بن محمد بن عمر بن شاهنشاه بن أيوب بن شادي بن مروان), better known as Abū al-Fidāʾ or Abulfeda (أبو الفداء; November 127327 October 1331), was a Mamluk-era Kurdish geographer, historian, Ayyubid prince and local governor of Hama.

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Adi ibn Hatim

Adi ibn Hatim al-Tai was a leader of the Arab tribe of Tayy, and one of the companions of Muhammad.

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Administrative policies of Ali

Administrative policies of Ali ibn Abi Talib highlights the policies of Ali, the son-in-law and cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

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Aisha

Aisha bint Abi Bakr was Islamic prophet Muhammad's third and youngest wife.

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Al-Ahnaf

Abu Bahr Al-Ahnaf ibn Qays was a Muslim commander who lived during the time of Islamic prophet Muhammad.

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Al-Baladhuri

ʾAḥmad ibn Yaḥyā ibn Jābir al-Balādhurī (أحمد بن يحيى بن جابر البلاذري) was a 9th-century Muslim historian.

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Al-Rabadha

Al-Rabatha (Arabic الربذة) is a settlement in Saudi Arabia located some 200 km to the north-east of Medina on the pilgrim route from Kufa to Mecca, known as Darb Zubaydah.

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Al-Shaykh al-Mufid

Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Nu'man al-'Ukbari al-Baghdadi, known as al-Shaykh al-Mufid and Ibn al-Mu'allim (c.9481022 CE), was a prominent Iraqi Twelver Shia theologian.

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Al-Tabari

Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr ibn Yazīd al-Ṭabarī (أَبُو جَعْفَر مُحَمَّد بْن جَرِير بْن يَزِيد ٱلطَّبَرِيّ; 839–923 CE / 224–310 AH), commonly known as al-Ṭabarī (ٱلطَّبَرِيّ), was a Sunni Muslim scholar, polymath, traditionalist, historian, exegete, jurist, and theologian from Amol, Tabaristan, present-day Iran.

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Al-Walid ibn Uqba

Al-Walīd ibn ʿUqba ibn Abī Muʿayṭ (الْوَلِيْد ابْنِ عُقبَة ابْنِ أَبِيّ مُعَيْط, died 680) was the governor of Kufa in 645/46–649/50 during the reign of his half-brother, Caliph Uthman.

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Al-Yamama

Al-Yamama (al-Yamāma) is a historical region in south-eastern Najd in modern-day Saudi Arabia, or sometimes more specifically, the now-extinct ancient village of Jaww al-Yamamah, near al-Kharj, after which the rest of the region was named.

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Ali

Ali ibn Abi Talib (translit) was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and was the fourth Rashidun caliph who ruled from 656 to 661, as well as the first Shia imam.

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Ammar ibn Yasir

Ammar ibn Yasir (translit; died July 657) was a companion of Muhammad and a commander in the early Muslim conquests.

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Amr ibn Jarmuz

Amr ibn Jurmuz (عمرو بن جرموز) was a soldier of caliph Ali, who assassinated Zubayr ibn al-Awwam shortly after the Battle of the Camel, after Zubayr withdrew from the army before the battle began due to a hadith that Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib had reminded him with regards to what Muhammad had said to Zubayr: “You will rise up in a battle against Ali ibn Abi Talib”.

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Ansar (Islam)

The Ansar or Ansari (The Helpers' or 'Those who bring victory) are the local inhabitants of Medina who took the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers (the Muhajirun) into their homes when they emigrated from Mecca during the hijra.

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Arabs

The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.

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Asma Afsaruddin

Asma Afsaruddin (born 1958) is an American scholar of Islamic studies and Professor in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures at Indiana University in Bloomington.

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Azd

The Azd (Arabic: أَزْد), or Al-Azd (Arabic: ٱلْأَزْد), is an ancient Arabian tribe.

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Bahrain

Bahrain (Two Seas, locally), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, is an island country in West Asia.

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Banu Amir

The Banu Amir (translit) was a large and ancient Arab tribe originating from Western Arabia that dominated Najd for centuries after the rise of Islam.

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Banu Bakr

The Banu Bakr bin Wa'il (بنو بكر بن وائل), or simply Banu Bakr, today known as Bani Bakr an Arabian tribe belonging to the large Rabi'ah, a branch of Adnanite tribe.

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Banu Hashim

The Banū Hāshim (بنو هاشم) is an Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe to which Muhammad Ibn Abdullah belonged, named after Muhammad's great-grandfather Hashim ibn Abd Manaf.

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Banu Sa'd

The Banu Sa'd (بنو سعد / ALA-LC: Banū Saʿd) was one of the leading royal tribes of Arabia during the Islamic prophet Muhammad's era.

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Banu Tamim

Banū Tamīm (بَنُو تَمِيم) is an Arab tribe that originated in Najd in the Arabian Peninsula.

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Basra

Basra (al-Baṣrah) is a city in southern Iraq.

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Battle of Siffin

The Battle of Siffin (translit) was fought in 657 CE (37 AH) between the fourth Rashidun caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib and the rebellious governor of Syria Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan. Battle of the Camel and Battle of Siffin are 650s conflicts, battles involving the Rashidun Caliphate, first Fitna and Shia days of remembrance.

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Caliphate

A caliphate or khilāfah (خِلَافَةْ) is a monarchical form of government (initially elective, later absolute) that originated in the 7th century Arabia, whose political identity is based on a claim of succession to the Islamic State of Muhammad and the identification of a monarch called caliph (خَلِيفَةْ) as his heir and successor.

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Camel

A camel (from camelus and κάμηλος from Ancient Semitic: gāmāl) is an even-toed ungulate in the genus Camelus that bears distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back.

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Companions of the Prophet

The Companions of the Prophet (lit) were the disciples and followers of Muhammad who saw or met him during his lifetime, while being a Muslim and were physically in his presence.

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Damascus

Damascus (Dimašq) is the capital and largest city of Syria, the oldest current capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth holiest city in Islam.

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Egypt

Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.

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Farhad Daftary

Farhad Daftary (فرهاد دفترى; born 1938) is a Belgian-born Iranian-British Islamic scholar who is co-director and head of the Department of Academic Research and Publications at the Institute of Ismaili Studies in London.

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First Fitna

The First Fitna was the first civil war in the Islamic community. Battle of the Camel and first Fitna are 650s conflicts.

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Fred Donner

Fred McGraw Donner (born 1945) is a scholar of Islam and Peter B. Ritzma Professor of Near Eastern History at the University of Chicago.

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Ghadir Khumm

The Ghadīr Khumm (غَدِير خُم) was a gathering of Muslims to attend a sermon delivered by the Islamic prophet Muhammad on 16 March 632 CE. Battle of the Camel and Ghadir Khumm are Shia days of remembrance.

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Giorgio Levi Della Vida

Giorgio Levi Della Vida (22 August 1886 in Venice – 25 November 1967 in Rome) was an Italian Jewish linguist whose expertise lay in Hebrew, Arabic, and other Semitic languages, as well as on the history and culture of the Near East.

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Hafsa bint Umar

Hafsa bint Umar (translit; 605–665) was the fourth wife of Muhammad and a daughter of the second caliph Umar.

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Hasan al-Basri

Abu Sa'id ibn Abi al-Hasan Yasar al-Basri, often referred to as Hasan of Basra (Arabic: الحسن البصري, romanized: Al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī; 642 - 15 October 728) for short, or as Hasan al-Basri, was an ancient Muslim preacher, ascetic, theologian, exegete, scholar, and judge.

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Hasan ibn Ali

Hasan ibn Ali (translit; 2 April 670) was an Alid political and religious leader.

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Hashim ibn Utba

Hashim ibn Utba ibn Abi Waqqas (Hāshim ibn ʿUtba ibn Abī Waqqāṣ), was a Muslim army commander.

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Hassan Abbas (scholar)

Hassan Abbas (born 1969) is a Pakistani-American scholar and academic in the field of South Asian and Middle Eastern studies.

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Hejaz

The Hejaz (also; lit) is a region that includes the majority of the west coast of Saudi Arabia, covering the cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Tabuk, Yanbu, Taif and Baljurashi.

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History of the Prophets and Kings

The History of the Prophets and Kings (تاريخ الرسل والملوك Tārīkh al-Rusul wa al-Mulūk), more commonly known as Tarikh al-Tabari (تاريخ الطبري) or Tarikh-i Tabari or The History of al-Tabari (تاریخ طبری) is an Arabic-language historical chronicle completed by the Muslim historian Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (225–310 AH, 838–923 AD) in 915 AD.

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Hugh N. Kennedy

Hugh Nigel Kennedy (born 22 October 1947) is a British medievalist and academic.

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Husain Mohammad Jafri

Syed Husain Mohammad Jafri was a Pakistani historian.

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Husayn ibn Ali

Imam Husayn ibn Ali (translit; 11 January 626 – 10 October 680) was a social, political and religious leader.

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Ibn A'tham al-Kufi

Abū Muḥammad Aḥmad ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī al-Kindī (أبو محمد أحمد بن أعثمالكوفي) was a 9th-century Arab Muslim historian, poet and preacher (qāṣṣ) active in the late 8th and early 9th centuries.

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Ibn Abbas

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās (عَبْد ٱللَّٰه ٱبْن عَبَّاس; c. 619 – 687 CE), also known as Ibn ʿAbbās, was one of the cousins of the prophet Muhammad.

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Ibn Abd Rabbih

Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ʿAbd Rabbih (860–940) was an Arab writer and poet widely known as the author of al-ʿIqd al-Farīd (The Unique Necklace).

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Ibn Abi Shaybah

Ibn Abī Shaybah or Imām Abū Bakr Ibn Abī Shaybah or Abū Bakr ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad Ibn Abī Shaybah Ibrāhīm ibn ʿUthmān al-ʿAbasī al-Kūfī (Arabic: امامأبو بكر عبد الله بن محمد بن أبي شيبة إبراهيمبن عثمان العبسي الكوفي) (159H – 235H / 775–849 CE) was an early Muslim scholar of hadith.

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Ibn Abi'l-Hadid

‘Izz al-Dīn ‘Abu Hamīd ‘Abd al-Hamīd bin Hībat-Allah ibn Abi al-Hadīd al Mutazilī al-Mada'ini (أبو حامد عز الدین عبدالحمید بن أبي الحُسین ھبة الله بن محمد بن محمد بن الحُسین بن أبي الحَدِید المَدائني المعتزلي), also known as Ibn abi'l-Hadid (30 December 1190 – June 1258; 586–656 AH), was a Shafe'i Mutazili scholar and writer during the Middle Ages.

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Ibn Sa'd

Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Sa‘d ibn Manī‘ al-Baṣrī al-Hāshimī or simply Ibn Sa'd (ابن سعد) and nicknamed Scribe of Waqidi (Katib al-Waqidi), was a scholar and Arabian biographer.

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Iraq

Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.

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Islamic calendar

The Hijri calendar (translit), or Arabic calendar also known in English as the Muslim calendar and Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days.

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Islamic military jurisprudence

Islamic military jurisprudence refers to what has been accepted in Sharia (Islamic law) and Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) by Ulama (Islamic scholars) as the correct Islamic manner, expected to be obeyed by Muslims, in times of war.

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Ismail Poonawala

Ismail Kurban Husein Poonawala (born January 7, 1937) is an Indian professor of Arabic at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures (NELC) of over 30 years.

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Jabir ibn Abd Allah

Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr ibn Ḥarām al-Anṣārī (جابر بن عبدالله بن عمرو بن حرامالأنصاري, died 697 CE/78 AH), Abu Muhammad and Abu Abd al-Rahman also wrote his nickname was a prominent companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

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John Kelsay

John Kelsay is an author and a Research Professor and Richard L. Rubenstein Professor of Religion at Florida State University.

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Julius Wellhausen

Julius Wellhausen (17 May 1844 – 7 January 1918) was a German biblical scholar and orientalist.

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Jundab al-Azdi

Jundab ibn Ka'b al-Azdi was a companion of Muhammad and Ali ibn Abu Talib, cousin of Muhammad.

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Kharijites

The Kharijites (translit, singular) were an Islamic sect which emerged during the First Fitna (656–661).

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Khuzayma ibn Thabit

Khuzayma ibn Thabit Dhu al-Shahadatayn al-Ansari (Khuzayma ibn Thābit Dhū al-Shahādatayn al-Anṣārī; d. July 657) was one of the companions of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.

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Kufa

Kufa (الْكُوفَة), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about south of Baghdad, and northeast of Najaf.

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Laura Veccia Vaglieri

Laura Veccia Vaglieri (1893–1989) was an Italian orientalist who made significant contributions to Arabic and Islamic studies in Italy.

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Leone Caetani

Leone Caetani (September 12, 1869 – December 25, 1935), Duke of Sermoneta (also known as Prince Caetani), was an Italian scholar, politician, and historian of the Middle East.

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Lesley Hazleton

Lesley Adele Hazleton (September 20, 1945 – April 29, 2024) was a British-American author and journalist.

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Ludwig W. Adamec

Ludwig W. Adamec (10 March 1924 – 1 January 2019) was an Austrian scholar on the Middle East and Afghanistan.

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Mahmoud M. Ayoub

Mahmoud M. Ayoub (June 1, 1935 – October 31, 2021) was a Lebanese Islamic scholar and professor of religious and inter-faith studies.

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Malik al-Ashtar

Malik al-Ashtar (مَالِك ٱلْأَشْتَر), also known as Mālik bin al-Ḥārith al-Nakhaʿīy al-Maḏḥijīy (مَالِك ٱبْن ٱلْحَارِث ٱلنَّخَعِيّ ٱلْمَذْحِجِيّ) was, according to Sunni view, one of the people involved behind Uthman's assassination.

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Maria Massi Dakake

Maria Massi Dakake is an American scholar of Islamic studies and associate professor of Religious Studies at George Mason University.

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Martin Hinds

Martin Hinds (10 April 1941 in Penarth, Wales – 1 December 1988) was a British scholar of the Middle East and historiographer of early Islamic history.

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Marwan I

Marwan ibn al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As ibn Umayya (translit; 623 or 626April/May 685), commonly known as MarwanI, was the fourth Umayyad caliph, ruling for less than a year in 684–685.

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Medina

Medina, officially Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah, is the capital of Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia.

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Moojan Momen

Moojan Momen is a retired physician and historian specializing in Baháʼí studies who has published numerous books and articles about the Baháʼí Faith and Islam, especially Shia Islam, including for Encyclopædia Iranica*.

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Mu'awiya I

Mu'awiya I (Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān; –April 680) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from 661 until his death.

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Mu'tazilism

Mu'tazilism (translit, singular translit) was an Islamic sect that appeared in early Islamic history and flourished in Basra and Baghdad.

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Muhajirun

The Muhajirun (al-muhājirūn, singular مهاجر) were the converts to Islam and the Islamic prophet Muhammad's advisors and relatives, who emigrated from Mecca to Medina, the event is known in Islam as the Hijra.

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Muhammad

Muhammad (570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam.

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Muhammad al-Shaybani

Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Farqad ash-Shaybānī (أبو عبد الله محمد بن الحسن بن فرقد الشيباني; 749/50 – 805), the father of Muslim international law, was a Muslim jurist and a disciple of Abu Hanifa (later being the eponym of the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence), Malik ibn Anas and Abu Yusuf.

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Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i

Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i (16 March 1903 – 15 November 1981) was an Iranian scholar, theorist, philosopher and one of the most prominent thinkers of modern Shia Islam.

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Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr

Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr ibn Abi Quhafa al-Taymi (translit; –July/August 658) was an Arab Muslim commander in the service of the fourth Rashidun caliph Ali.

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Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya

Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya (15–81 AH) was a son of Ali ibn Abi Talib, who was the fourth caliph in Sunni Islam and the first imam in Shia Islam.

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Muhammad ibn Talha

Muḥammad ibn Ṭalḥa (محمد بن طلحة) was the son of the prominent Muslim general Talha ibn Ubayd Allah and Hammanah bint Jahsh.

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Muslim conquest of the Levant

The Muslim conquest of the Levant (Fatḥ al-šām; lit. "Conquest of Syria"), or Arab conquest of Syria, was a 634–638 CE invasion of Byzantine Syria by the Rashidun Caliphate.

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Muslim ibn Aqil

Muslim ibn Aqil al-Hashimi (Muslim ibn ʿAqīl al-Hāshimī) was a relative of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

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Nahj al-balagha

(lit) is the best-known collection of sermons, letters, and sayings attributed to Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth Rashidun caliph, the first Shia imam, and the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

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Qays ibn Sa'd

Qays ibn Saʿd (قيس بن سعد) was a prominent leader of the Rashidun Muslim army who was known for his use of defensive tactics in battles.

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Quran

The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah).

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Quraysh

The Quraysh (قُرَيْشٌ) was an Arab tribe that inhabited and controlled Mecca and its Kaaba.

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Reza Shah-Kazemi

Reza Shah-Kazemi (born 1 June 1960) is an author who specializes in comparative mysticism, Islamic Studies, Sufism and Shi'ism.

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Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas

Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas ibn Wuhayb al-Zuhri (translit) was an Arab Muslim commander.

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Sa'id ibn al-As

Sa'id ibn al-As ibn Abi Uhayha (died 678/679) was the Muslim governor of Kufa under Caliph Uthman and governor of Medina under Caliph Mu'awiya I.

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Seyyed Hossein Nasr

Seyyed Hossein Nasr (سید حسین نصر, born April 7, 1933) is an Iranian-American philosopher, theologian and Islamic scholar.

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Sunnah

In Islam,, also spelled (سنة), is the traditions and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad that constitute a model for Muslims to follow.

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Talha ibn Ubayd Allah

Ṭalḥa ibn ʿUbayd Allāh al-Taymī (طَلْحَة بن عُبَيْد اللّه التَّيمي) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

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Tarikh al-Yaqubi

Tārīkh Ibn Wāḍiḥ or popularly Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī (lit) is a well-known classical Islamic history book, written by al-Yaʿqūbī.

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Tayy

The Tayy (طيء/ALA-LC: Ṭayyi’), (Musnad: 𐩷𐩺), also known as Ṭayyi, Tayyaye, or Taiyaye, are a large and ancient Arab tribe, among whose descendants today are the tribes of Bani Sakher and Shammar. The nisba (patronymic) of Tayy is aṭ-Ṭāʾī (ٱلطَّائِي). In the second century CE, they migrated to the northern Arabian ranges of the Shammar and Salma Mountains, which then collectively became known as the Jabal Tayy, and later Jabal Shammar.

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Twelver Shi'ism

Twelver Shīʿism (ٱثْنَا عَشَرِيَّة), also known as Imāmiyya (إِمَامِيَّة), is the largest branch of Shīʿa, comprising about 90% of all Shīas.

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Umar

Umar ibn al-Khattab (ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634, when he succeeded Abu Bakr as the second caliph, until his assassination in 644.

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Umayyad dynasty

The Umayyad dynasty (Sons of Umayya) or Umayyads (al-Umawiyyūn) was an Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe who were the ruling family of the Caliphate between 661 and 750 and later of al-Andalus between 756 and 1031.

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Umm Salama

Hind bint Abi Umayya (هِنْد ابِنْت أَبِي أُمَيَّة, Hind ʾibnat ʾAbī ʾUmayya, 580 or 596 – 680 or 683), better known as Umm Salamah (أُمّ سَلَمَة) or Hind al-Makhzūmiyya (هِنْد ٱلْمَخْزُومِيَّة) was the sixth wife of Muhammad.

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Umrah

The Umrah (lit) is an Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, the holiest city for Muslims, located in the Hejazi region of Saudi Arabia.

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Utba ibn Abi Sufyan

Utba ibn Abi Sufyan ibn Harb (ʿUtba ibn Abī Sufyān ibn Ḥarb) was a member of the Umayyad ruling family and served as the Umayyad governor of Egypt in 664–665, during the reign of his brother, Caliph Mu'awiya I.

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Uthman

Uthman ibn Affan (translit; 17 June 656) was the third caliph, ruling from 644 until his assassination in 656.

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Uthman ibn Hunayf

ʿUthmān ibn Ḥunayf (Arabic: عثمان بن حنيف) was one of the companions of Muhammad.

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Uthmaniyya

The Uthmaniyya were adherents of several political and doctrinal views regarding the third caliph, Uthman, which originated in the aftermath of his assassination in 656.

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Wilferd Madelung

Wilferd Ferdinand Madelung FBA (26 December 1930 – 9 May 2023) was a German author and scholar of Islamic history widely recognised for his contributions to the fields of Islamic and Iranian studies.

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Wives of Muhammad

A total of eleven women are confirmed as having been married to Muhammad, the founder of Islam.

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Ya'qubi

ʾAbū al-ʿAbbās ʾAḥmad bin ʾAbī Yaʿqūb bin Ǧaʿfar bin Wahb bin Waḍīḥ al-Yaʿqūbī (died 897/8), commonly referred to simply by his nisba al-Yaʿqūbī, was an Arab Muslim geographer.

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Yahya ibn al-Hakam

Yahya ibn al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As (died before 700) was an Umayyad statesman during the caliphate of his nephew, Abd al-Malik.

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Yemen

Yemen (al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen, is a sovereign state in West Asia.

See Battle of the Camel and Yemen

Zuṭṭ

Zutt is an Arabicised form of Jat.

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Zubayr ibn al-Awwam

Al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam ibn Khuwaylid al-Asadi was an Arab Muslim commander in the service of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar who played a leading role in the Ridda wars against rebel tribes in Arabia in 632–633 and later participated in early Muslim conquests of Sasanid Persia in 633–634, Byzantine Syria in 634–638, and the Exarchate of Africa in 639–643.

See Battle of the Camel and Zubayr ibn al-Awwam

Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi

Abu al-Hudhayl Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi (Abū al-Hudhayl Zufar ibn al-Ḥārith al-Kilābī; died) was a Muslim commander, a chieftain of the Arab tribe of Banu Amir, and the preeminent leader of the Qays tribal–political faction in the late 7th century.

See Battle of the Camel and Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Camel

Also known as Battle of Basra (656), Battle of Bassorah, Battle of Camel, Battle of Jamal, Day of the Camel, The Battle of the Camel, The Day of the Camel.

, Hasan al-Basri, Hasan ibn Ali, Hashim ibn Utba, Hassan Abbas (scholar), Hejaz, History of the Prophets and Kings, Hugh N. Kennedy, Husain Mohammad Jafri, Husayn ibn Ali, Ibn A'tham al-Kufi, Ibn Abbas, Ibn Abd Rabbih, Ibn Abi Shaybah, Ibn Abi'l-Hadid, Ibn Sa'd, Iraq, Islamic calendar, Islamic military jurisprudence, Ismail Poonawala, Jabir ibn Abd Allah, John Kelsay, Julius Wellhausen, Jundab al-Azdi, Kharijites, Khuzayma ibn Thabit, Kufa, Laura Veccia Vaglieri, Leone Caetani, Lesley Hazleton, Ludwig W. Adamec, Mahmoud M. Ayoub, Malik al-Ashtar, Maria Massi Dakake, Martin Hinds, Marwan I, Medina, Moojan Momen, Mu'awiya I, Mu'tazilism, Muhajirun, Muhammad, Muhammad al-Shaybani, Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i, Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya, Muhammad ibn Talha, Muslim conquest of the Levant, Muslim ibn Aqil, Nahj al-balagha, Qays ibn Sa'd, Quran, Quraysh, Reza Shah-Kazemi, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, Sa'id ibn al-As, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Sunnah, Talha ibn Ubayd Allah, Tarikh al-Yaqubi, Tayy, Twelver Shi'ism, Umar, Umayyad dynasty, Umm Salama, Umrah, Utba ibn Abi Sufyan, Uthman, Uthman ibn Hunayf, Uthmaniyya, Wilferd Madelung, Wives of Muhammad, Ya'qubi, Yahya ibn al-Hakam, Yemen, Zuṭṭ, Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi.

Battle of the Camel, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

650s conflicts

656

First Fitna

Military history of Basra

Shia days of remembrance

References