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Bengalis, the Glossary

Index Bengalis

Bengalis (বাঙ্গালী, বাঙালি), also rendered as endonym Bangali, are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the Bengal region of South Asia.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 639 relations: A. K. Fazlul Huq, Aamras, Abaya, Abbasid Caliphate, Abbot, Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi, Abdul Hakim (poet), Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani, Abdus Suttar Khan, Abhijit Banerjee, Abrahamic religions, Abul Fazl, Abul Hussam, Adda (South Asian), Administrative division, Afsharid dynasty, Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur Attar, Ahmedabad, Ain-i-Akbari, Ajodhya Hills, Akbar, Al Jazeera English, Al-Masudi, Alaol, Alexander Dow, Alimuddin Ahmad, All-India Muslim League, Amartya Sen, Ancient Rome, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andaman Islands, Anga, Anglo-Mughal war (1686–1690), Anushilan Samiti, Arabian Peninsula, Arabs, Archaeology, Areca nut, Arranged marriage, Arunachal Pradesh, ASEAN Club Championship, Ashoka, Assam, Assamese language, Association football, Atharvaveda, Atiśa, Aurangzeb, Azad Hind, Bagha Jatin, ... Expand index (589 more) »

  2. Bangladeshi people
  3. Collectivism

A. K. Fazlul Huq

Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq (আবুল কাশেম ফজলুল হক; 26October 1873 – 27 April 1962), popularly known as Sher-e-Bangla (Lion of Bengal), was a Bengali lawyer and politician who presented the Lahore Resolution which had the objective of creating an independent Pakistan.

See Bengalis and A. K. Fazlul Huq

Aamras

Aamras (also known as amras) is a sweet dish in the cuisine of the Indian subcontinent made from the pulp of the mango fruit.

See Bengalis and Aamras

Abaya

The abaya (colloquially and more commonly, عباية, especially in Literary Arabic: عباءة; plural عبايات, عباءات), sometimes also called an aba, is a simple, loose over-garment, essentially a robe-like dress, worn by some women in the Muslim world including most of the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of the Horn of Africa.

See Bengalis and Abaya

Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (translit) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

See Bengalis and Abbasid Caliphate

Abbot

Abbot is an ecclesiastical title given to the head of an independent monastery for men in various Western Christian traditions.

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Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi

Abd al-Haqq (Muhaddith) al-Dehlawi was an Islamic scholar, Sufi and author from India.

See Bengalis and Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi

Abdul Hakim (poet)

Abdul Hakim (–) was a Bengali poet and translator who wrote several Bengali epics and also translated some Persian manuscripts.

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Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani (12 December 1880 – 17 November 1976), often shortened as Maulana Bhashani, was a Bengali politician.

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Abdus Suttar Khan

Abdus Suttar Khan (c. 1941 – 31 January 2008) was a Bangladeshi scientist.

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Abhijit Banerjee

Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee (born 21 February 1961) is an Indian-born American economist who is currently the Ford Foundation International Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

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Abrahamic religions

The Abrahamic religions are a grouping of three of the major religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) together due to their historical coexistence and competition; it refers to Abraham, a figure mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, the Christian Bible, and the Quran, and is used to show similarities between these religions and put them in contrast to Indian religions, Iranian religions, and the East Asian religions (though other religions and belief systems may refer to Abraham as well).

See Bengalis and Abrahamic religions

Abul Fazl

Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, also known as Abul Fazl, Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami (14 January 1551 – 22 August 1602), was an Indian writer, historian, and politician who served as the grand vizier of the Mughal Empire from his appointment in 1579, until his death in 1602.

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Abul Hussam

Abul Hussam (আবুল হুসসাম) is the inventor of the Sono arsenic filter.

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Adda (South Asian)

An adda (আড্ডা) is a term in Bengali referring to when several individuals 'Hangout'. Bengalis and adda (South Asian) are culture of Bengal.

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Administrative division

Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, #-level subdivisions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divided.

See Bengalis and Administrative division

Afsharid dynasty

The Afsharid dynasty (افشاریان) was an Iranian dynasty founded by Nader Shah of the Qirqlu clan of the Turkoman Afshar tribe, ruling over the Afsharid Empire.

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Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur Attar

Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur Attar (translit; 11 October 1916 – 1 February 1991) was a Saudi Arabian writer, journalist and poet, best known for his works about 20th-century Islamic challenges.

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Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad (is the most populous city in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court. Ahmedabad's population of 5,570,585 (per the 2011 population census) makes it the fifth-most populous city in India, and the encompassing urban agglomeration population estimated at 6,357,693 is the seventh-most populous in India.

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Ain-i-Akbari

The Ain-i-Akbari (آئینِ اکبری) or the "Administration of Akbar", is a 16th-century detailed document regarding the administration of the Mughal Empire under Emperor Akbar, written by his court historian, Abu'l Fazl in the Persian language.

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Ajodhya Hills

Ajodhya Hills, is a small plateau with hilly surroundings located in the Purulia district of the state West Bengal, India.

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Akbar

Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (–), popularly known as Akbar the Great, and also as Akbar I, was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605.

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Al Jazeera English

Al Jazeera English (AJE; lit) is a 24-hour English-language news channel operating under Al Jazeera Media Network, which is partially funded by the government of Qatar.

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Al-Masudi

al-Masʿūdī (full name, أبو الحسن علي بن الحسين بن علي المسعودي), –956, was a historian, geographer and traveler.

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Alaol

Syed Alaol (সৈয়দ আলাওল; 1607 – 1680) was a 17th-century poet of Bengal. Bengalis and Alaol are Bengali-language literature.

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Alexander Dow

Alexander Dow (1735 or 1736 – 31 July 1779) was a Scottish Orientalist, writer, playwright and army officer in the East India Company.

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Alimuddin Ahmad

Syed Alimuddin Ahmad (সৈয়দ আলীমুদ্দীন আহমদ; 1884 - 1920), popularly known as Master Saheb (মাস্টার সাহেব), was a Bengali bodybuilder and wrestler.

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All-India Muslim League

The All-India Muslim League (AIML), simply called the Muslim League, was a political party established in Dhaka in 1906 when some well-known Muslim politicians met the Viceroy of India, Lord Minto, with the goal of securing Muslim interests in British India.

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Amartya Sen

Amartya Kumar Sen (born 1933) is an Indian economist and philosopher.

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Ancient Rome

In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.

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Andaman and Nicobar Islands

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands is a union territory of India.

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Andaman Islands

The Andaman Islands are an archipelago, made up of 200 islands, in the northeastern Indian Ocean about southwest off the coasts of Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Region.

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Anga

Anga was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of eastern India whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. Bengalis and Anga are indo-Aryan peoples.

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Anglo-Mughal war (1686–1690)

The Anglo-Mughal war, also known as the Child's war, was the first Anglo-Indian war on the Indian subcontinent.

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Anushilan Samiti

(Practice Association) was an Indian fitness club, which was actually used as an underground society for anti-British revolutionaries.

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Arabian Peninsula

The Arabian Peninsula (شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَة الْعَرَبِيَّة,, "Arabian Peninsula" or جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَب,, "Island of the Arabs"), or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate.

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Arabs

The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.

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Archaeology

Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

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Areca nut

The areca nut or betel nut is the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu).

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Arranged marriage

Arranged marriage is a type of marital union where the bride and groom are primarily selected by individuals other than the couple themselves, particularly by family members such as the parents.

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Arunachal Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh is a state in northeast India.

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ASEAN Club Championship

The ASEAN Club Championship or ACC, also known as the Shopee Cup for sponsorship reasons, is an international club football competition organised by the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) between domestic champion clubs.

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Ashoka

Ashoka, also known as Asoka or Aśoka (– 232 BCE), and popularly known as Ashoka the Great, was Emperor of Magadha in the Indian subcontinent from until 232 BCE, and the third ruler from the Mauryan dynasty.

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Assam

Assam is a state in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys.

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Assamese language

Assamese or Asamiya (অসমীয়া) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in the north-eastern Indian state of Assam, where it is an official language.

See Bengalis and Assamese language

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.

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Atharvaveda

The Atharvaveda or Atharva Veda (अथर्ववेद,, from अथर्वन्, and वेद, "knowledge") or Atharvana Veda (अथर्वणवेद) is the "knowledge storehouse of atharvāṇas, the procedures for everyday life".

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Atiśa

Atīśa (c. 982–1054) was a Buddhist religious leader and master from Bengal.

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Aurangzeb

Muhi al-Din Muhammad (3 November 1618 – 3 March 1707), commonly known as italics, was the sixth Mughal emperor, reigning from 1658 until his death in 1707.

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Azad Hind

The Provisional Government of Free India or, more simply, Azad Hind, was a short-lived Japanese-controlled provisional government in India.

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Bagha Jatin

Bagha Jatin or Baghajatin, born Jatindranath Mukherjee; 7 December 1879 – 10 September 1915) was an Indian independence activist. He was one of the principal leaders of the Jugantar party that was the central association of revolutionary independence activists in Bengal.

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Bangal

Bangal (বাঙাল; Purbô Bôngiyô) is a term used to refer to the Bengali people of East Bengal (usually from the areas of Mymensingh, Dhaka, Barisal, Sylhet, Comilla and Chittagong), now in Bangladesh (as opposed to the Ghotis of West Bengal). Bengalis and Bangal are Bengali people.

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Bangla O Bangali

Bangla O Bangali (Bengali: বাংলা ও বাঙালী; English: "Bengal and Bengalees") is a Bengali language historical book written by Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar.

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Bangladesh

Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia.

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Bangladesh Liberation War

The Bangladesh Liberation War (মুক্তিযুদ্ধ), also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence and known as the Liberation War in Bangladesh, was an armed conflict sparked by the rise of the Bengali nationalist and self-determination movement in East Pakistan, which resulted in the independence of Bangladesh.

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Bangladeshi Australians

Bangladeshi Australians (অস্ট্রেলীয় বাংলাদেশী) refers to Australian citizens or residents who have full or partial Bangladeshi heritage or people who emigrated from Bangladesh and reside in Australia.

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Bangladeshi Canadians

Bangladeshi Canadians (Canadiens Bangladais, Kanaḍīyô Bangladeshī) are Canadian citizens of Bangladeshi descent, first-generation Bangladeshi immigrants, or descendants of Bangladeshis who immigrated to Canada from East Bengal.

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Bangladeshis

Bangladeshis (বাংলাদেশী) are the citizens of Bangladesh, a South Asian country centred on the transnational historical region of Bengal along the eponymous bay. Bengalis and Bangladeshis are Bangladeshi people and ethnic groups in Bangladesh.

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Bangladeshis in Italy

Bangladeshis are one of the largest immigrant populations in Italy.

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Bangladeshis in Japan

Bangladeshis in Japan (在日バングラデシュ人) form one of the smaller populations of foreigners in Japan.

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Bangladeshis in Malaysia

The Bangladeshis in Malaysia consists of people of full or partial Bangladeshi descent who were born in or immigrated to Malaysia.

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Bangladeshis in the Maldives

Bangladeshis in the Maldives are a part of the Bangladeshi diaspora, consists people of Bangladeshi descent who have immigrated to or were born in another country.

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Bangladeshis in the Middle East

Bangladeshis in the Middle East, form the largest part of the worldwide Bangladeshi diaspora.

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Banglapedia

Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh is the first Bangladeshi encyclopedia.

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Barak Valley

The Barak Valley is the southernmost region and administrative division of the Indian state of Assam.

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Barisal Division

Barisal Division is one of the eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh.

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Baro-Bhuyan

The Baro-Bhuyans (or Baro-Bhuyan Raj; also Baro-Bhuians and Baro-Bhuiyans) were confederacies of soldier-landowners in Assam and Bengal in the late Middle Ages and the early modern period.

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Barua people

Barua (Boṛua; မရမာကြီး) is a Bengali-speaking Indo-Aryan ethnic group native to Chittagong Division in Bangladesh and Rakhine State in Myanmar, where they are known as the Maramagyi or Maramagri or particularly the Magh Barua.

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Basil

Basil (Ocimum basilicum), also called great basil, is a culinary herb of the family Lamiaceae (mints).

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Battle of Plassey

The Battle of Plassey was a decisive victory of the British East India Company, under the leadership of Robert Clive, over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies on 23 June 1757.

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Battle of Shamli

The Battle of Shamli or Battle of Thana Bhawan was fought on 10 May 1857 between the forces of Imdadullah Muhajir Makki and the East India Company.

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Bay of Bengal

The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.

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Begum Rokeya

Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain (9 December 1880 – 9 December 1932), commonly known as Begum Rokeya, was a prominent Bengali feminist thinker, writer, educator and political activist from British India.

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Bengal

Geographical distribution of the Bengali language Bengal (Bôṅgo) or endonym Bangla (Bāṅlā) is a historical geographical, ethnolinguistic and cultural term referring to a region in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal.

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Bengal Army

The Bengal Army was the army of the Bengal Presidency, one of the three presidencies of British India within the British Empire.

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Bengal famine of 1943

The Bengal famine of 1943 was a man-made famine in the Bengal province of British India (present-day Bangladesh, West Bengal and eastern India) during World War II.

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Bengal Presidency

The Bengal Presidency, officially the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal, later the Bengal Province, was the largest of all three presidencies of British India during Company rule and later a province of India.

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Bengal Renaissance

The Bengal Renaissance (Bāṅlār Nôbôjāgôrôṇ), also known as the Bengali Renaissance, was a cultural, social, intellectual, and artistic movement that took place in the Bengal region of the British Raj, from the late 18th century to the early 20th century. Bengalis and Bengal Renaissance are culture of Bengal.

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Bengal Subah

The Bengal Subah, also referred to as Mughal Bengal, was the largest subdivision of the Mughal Empire encompassing much of the Bengal region, which includes modern-day Bangladesh, the Indian state of West Bengal, and some parts of the present-day Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha between the 16th and 18th centuries.

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Bengal Sultanate

The Bengal Sultanate (Middle Bengali: শাহী বাঙ্গালা, Classical Persian:, Arabic) was a late medieval sultanate based in the Bengal region between the 14th and 16th century.

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Bengali alphabet

The Bengali script or Bangla alphabet (Bangla bôrṇômala, বেঙ্গলি ময়েক|Bengali mayek) is the alphabet used to write the Bengali language based on the Bengali-Assamese script, and has historically been used to write Sanskrit within Bengal.

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Bengali Americans

Bengali Americans (মার্কিন বাঙ্গালী) are Americans of Bengali ethnic, cultural and linguistic heritage and identity.

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Bengali Brahmin

Bengali Brahmins are the community of Hindu Brahmins, who traditionally reside in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, currently comprising the Indian state of West Bengal and the country of Bangladesh.

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Bengali Buddhists

Bengali Buddhists (বাঙালি বৌদ্ধ) are a religious subgroup of the Bengalis who adhere to or practice the religion of Buddhism. Bengalis and Bengali Buddhists are Bengali people.

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Bengali calendars

The Bengali Calendar or Bangla Calendar (Baṅgābda), colloquially (Baṅgla Śon), is a solar calendar used in the Bengal region of the South Asia. Bengalis and Bengali calendars are culture of Bengal.

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Bengali Christians

Bengali Christians (বাঙালি খ্রিস্টান) are adherents of Christianity among the Bengali people.

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Bengali cuisine

Bengali cuisine is the culinary style of Bengal, that comprises Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and Assam's Karimganj district. Bengalis and Bengali cuisine are culture of Bengal.

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Bengali dialects

The Bengali dialects (বাংলা উপভাষা) or Bengali varieties (বাংলা ভাষিকা) are the varieties of the Bengali language that are part of the Eastern Indo-Aryan language group of the Indo-European language family widely spoken in the Bengal region of South Asia.

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Bengali Hindus

Bengali Hindus (translit) are an ethnoreligious population who make up the majority in the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Jharkhand, and Assam's Barak Valley region. Bengalis and Bengali Hindus are ethnic groups in Bangladesh, ethnic groups in India and ethnic groups in South Asia.

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Bengali language

Bengali, also known by its endonym Bangla (বাংলা), is an Indo-Aryan language from the Indo-European language family native to the Bengal region of South Asia.

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Bengali literature

Bengali literature (Bangla Sahityô) denotes the body of writings in the Bengali language and which covers Old Bengali, Middle- Bengali and Modern Bengali with the changes through the passage of time and dynastic patronization or non-patronization. Bengalis and Bengali literature are Bengali-language literature and culture of Bengal.

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Bengali Muslims

Bengali Muslims (বাঙালি মুসলমান) are adherents of Islam who ethnically, linguistically and genealogically identify as Bengalis. Bengalis and Bengali Muslims are Bengali people, ethnic groups in Bangladesh and ethnic groups in India.

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Bengali nationalism

Bengali nationalism (বাঙালি জাতীয়তাবাদ) is a form of nationalism that focuses on Bengalis as a single ethnicity by rejecting imposition of other languages and cultures while promoting its own in Bengal.

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Bengali science fiction

Bengali science fiction (বাংলা বিজ্ঞান কল্পকাহিনী Bangla Bigyan Kalpakahini) is a part of Bengali literature containing science fiction elements. Bengalis and Bengali science fiction are Bengali-language literature.

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Bengalis in Pakistan

Bengalis in Pakistan are ethnic Bengali people who had lived in either West Pakistan or East Pakistan prior to 1971 or live in present-day Pakistan.

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Betel nut chewing

Betel nut chewing, also called betel quid chewing or areca nut chewing, is a practice in which areca nuts (also called "betel nuts") are chewed together with slaked lime and betel leaves for their stimulant and narcotic effects, the primary psychoactive compound being arecoline.

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Bharat Ratna

The Bharat Ratna (Jewel of India) is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India.

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Bihar

Bihar is a state in Eastern India.

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Bihari languages

Bihari languages are a group of the Indo-Aryan languages.

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Biologist

A biologist is a scientist who conducts research in biology.

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Bipin Chandra Pal

Bipin Chandra Pal (বিপিন চন্দ্র পাল; 7 November 1858 – 20 May 1932) was an Indian nationalist, writer, orator, social reformer and freedom fighter.

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Biryani

Biryani is a mixed rice dish, mainly popular in South Asia and Iran.

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Bishad Shindhu

Bishad Shindhu (Bengali: বিষাদ-সিন্ধু, English: Ocean of Sorrow) is a Bengali epic novel by Mir Mosarraf Hussain, the first modern Bengali Shia writer and novelist.

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Blasphemy

Blasphemy refers to an insult that shows contempt, disrespect or lack of reverence concerning a deity, an object considered sacred, or something considered inviolable.

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Bloomsbury Publishing

Bloomsbury Publishing plc is a British worldwide publishing house of fiction and non-fiction.

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Borhani

Borhani, (বোরহানী) is a traditional yogurt-like drink from Bangladesh.

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Bose–Einstein condensate

In condensed matter physics, a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that is typically formed when a gas of bosons at very low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero (−273.15 °C or −459.67 °F or 0 K).

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Bose–Einstein statistics

In quantum statistics, Bose–Einstein statistics (B–E statistics) describes one of two possible ways in which a collection of non-interacting identical particles may occupy a set of available discrete energy states at thermodynamic equilibrium.

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Boson

In particle physics, a boson is a subatomic particle whose spin quantum number has an integer value (0, 1, 2,...). Bosons form one of the two fundamental classes of subatomic particle, the other being fermions, which have odd half-integer spin (...). Every observed subatomic particle is either a boson or a fermion.

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Botany

Botany, also called plant science (or plant sciences), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology.

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Bou Bhat

A Bou bhat (বউ ভাত lit: "bride feast") is a post-wedding ritual held usually one or two days after a Bengali wedding. Bengalis and Bou Bhat are culture of Bengal.

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Brahmin

Brahmin (brāhmaṇa) is a varna (caste) within Hindu society.

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Brahmo Samaj

Brahmo Samaj (Brahmô Sômaj) is the societal component of Brahmoism, which began as a monotheistic reformist movement that appeared during the Bengal Renaissance.

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Brass

Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, in proportions which can be varied to achieve different colours and mechanical, electrical, acoustic and chemical properties, but copper typically has the larger proportion, generally 66% copper and 34% zinc.

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Brick Lane

Brick Lane (Brik Len) is a famous street in the East End of London, in the borough of Tower Hamlets.

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British Asians

British Asians (also referred to as Asian Britons) are British people of Asian descent.

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British Bangladeshis

British Bangladeshis (Bilatī Bangladeshī) are people of Bangladeshi origin who have attained citizenship in the United Kingdom, through immigration and historical naturalisation.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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British Film Institute

The British Film Institute (BFI) is a film and television charitable organisation which promotes and preserves film-making and television in the United Kingdom.

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British Guiana

British Guiana was a British colony, part of the mainland British West Indies.

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British Raj

The British Raj (from Hindustani, 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent,.

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Buddhism

Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.

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Burhanpur

Burhanpur is a historical city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

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Burmese Indians

Burmese Indians are a group of people of Indian origin who live in Myanmar (Burma).

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Butthan

Butthan (ব্যুত্থান, bʊθɑːn, meaning "Defense with distinction and awakening") is a Bangladeshi martial art and combat sport.

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The Calcutta Football League (CFL) is a ladder-based football competition in the Indian state of West Bengal, organised by Indian Football Association (WB) as part of the state leagues.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

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Cardamom

Cardamom, sometimes cardamon or cardamum, is a spice made from the seeds of several plants in the genera Elettaria and Amomum in the family Zingiberaceae.

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Carrom

Carrom is a tabletop game of Indian origin in which players flick discs, attempting to knock them to the corners of the board.

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Cellular Jail

The Cellular Jail, also known as Kālā Pānī (ۘकाला पानी), was a British colonial prison in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

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Celtic F.C.

The Celtic Football Club, commonly known as Celtic, is a professional football club in Glasgow, Scotland.

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Census of India

The decennial census of India has been conducted 15 times, as of 2011.

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Chaas

Chaas (gu:છાશ chhash, hi:छाछ chhachh) is a curd-based drink popular across the Indian subcontinent.

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Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (মহাপ্রভু শ্রীচৈতন্য দেব, श्री चैतन्य महाप्रभु), born Vishvambhara Mishra, (1486–1533 CE) was an Indian Hindu saint from Bengal who was the founder of Gaudiya Vaishnavism, which considers him to be Krishna (God) incarnate, "in the mood and complexion" of his chief consort, Radha".

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Chalanbeel Horse Race

The Chalanbil's Horse Races are annual horse races that take place in the Chalan Beel region of Pabna, Natore, Sirajganj, Bogra, and Naogaon district, in Bangladesh.

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Chalcolithic

The Chalcolithic (also called the Copper Age and Eneolithic) was an archaeological period characterized by the increasing use of smelted copper.

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Chandra dynasty

The Chandra dynasty was a Buddhist dynasty, originating from the South East Bengal region of Indian subcontinent, which ruled the Samatata area of Bengal, as well as Arakan.

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Chandraketugarh

Chandraketugarh, located in the Ganges Delta, is actually consists of a cluster of villages in the 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, about north-east of Kolkata.

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Charyapada

The Charyapada (IAST: Caryapāda) is a collection of mystical poems, songs of realization in the Vajrayana tradition of Buddhism from the tantric tradition in Assam, Bengal, Bihar and Odisha. Bengalis and Charyapada are Bengali-language literature.

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Chess

Chess is a board game for two players.

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Chhattisgarh

Chhattisgarh is a landlocked state in Central India.

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Chhau dance

Chhau, also spelled Chhou, is a semi classical Indian dance with martial and folk traditions.

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Chhau mask

The Chhau mask is a traditional cultural heritage of Purulia in the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Child marriage

Child marriage is a marriage or domestic partnership, formal or informal, between a child and an adult, or between a child and another child.

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Child marriage in India

Child marriage in India, according to the Indian law, is a marriage where the woman and man both are younger than 21 years of age respectively.

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Chingri malai curry

Chingri malai curry or malai chingri, also known as prawn malai curry, is a Bengali curry made from tiger (bagda) and king prawns (chingri) and coconut milk and flavoured with spices.

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Chinnamul

Chinnamul (alternate spelling Chhinnamul, lit. The Uprooted) was a 1950 Bengali film directed by Nemai Ghosh.

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Chittagong

Chittagong, officially Chattogram (Côṭṭôgrām, Chittagonian: চাটগাঁও Sāṭgão), is the second-largest city in Bangladesh.

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Chittagong District

Chittagong District, renamed the Chattogram District, is a district located in south-eastern Bangladesh.

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Chittagong Division

Chittagong Division, officially known as Chattogram Division, is geographically the largest of the eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh.

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Chittagonian language

Chittagonian (চাটগাঁইয়া saṭgãia or চিটাইঙ্গা siṭaiṅga) or Chittagonian Bengali is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of the Chittagong Division in Bangladesh.

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Chittaranjan Das

Chittaranjan Das (5 November 1870 – 16 June 1925), popularly called Deshbandhu (Friend of the Country or Nation), was an Indian freedom fighter, political activist and lawyer during the Indian Independence Movement and the Political Guru of Indian freedom fighter Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.

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Chola dynasty

The Chola dynasty was a Tamil dynasty originating from southern India.

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Chowdhury Abu Torab Khan

Chowdhury Abu Torab Khan (চৌধুরী আবু তোরাব খাঁ), better known simply as Abu Torab (আবু তোরাব), was an 18th-century Bengali Zamindar from Sandwip, an island in present-day Bangladesh.

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Cinematography

Cinematography is the art of motion picture (and more recently, electronic video camera) photography.

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Common Era

Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era.

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Company rule in India

Company rule in India (sometimes Company Raj, from lit) was the rule of the British East India Company on the Indian subcontinent.

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Conquest of Sylhet

The Conquest of Sylhet (Conquest of Srihatta) predominantly refers to an Islamic conquest of Srihatta (present-day Sylhet, Bangladesh) led by Sikandar Khan Ghazi, the military general of Sultan Shamsuddin Firoz Shah of the Lakhnauti Sultanate, against the Hindu king Gour Govinda.

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Constitution of Bangladesh

The Constitution of Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশের সংবিধান –), officially the Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশের সংবিধান –) is the supreme law of Bangladesh.

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A contact sport is any sport where physical contact between competitors, or their environment, is an integral part of the game.

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Cox's Bazar District

Cox's Bazar (কক্সবাজার জেলা, Cox's Bazar Jela also Cox's Bazar Zila) is a district in the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh.

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Crescograph

A crescograph is a device for measuring growth in plants.

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Cricket

Cricket is a bat-and-ball game that is played between two teams of eleven players on a field, at the centre of which is a pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps.

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Cymbal

A cymbal is a common percussion instrument.

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Dacope Upazila

Dacope (দাকোপ) is an upazila of Khulna District in the Division of Khulna, Bangladesh.

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Date juice

Date palm juice or Date palm sap or Khejur Ras (Khejur Rosh) is sweet sap extracted from the Date Palm trees of Bengal in winter.

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Daulat Qazi

Daulat Qazi (দৌলত কাজী) was a medieval Bengali poet.

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Dawlat Wazir Bahram Khan

Dawlat Wazir Bahram Khan (Doulot Uzir Bahram Khan), born as Asaduddin, was a 16th-century medieval Bengali poet and the Wazir of Chittagong in southeastern Bengal.

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Debendra Mohan Bose

Debendra Mohan Bose (D. M. Bose) (26 November 1885 – 2 June 1975) was an Indian physicist who made contributions in the field of cosmic rays, artificial radioactivity and neutron physics.

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Decision theory

Decision theory (or the theory of choice) is a branch of applied probability theory and analytic philosophy concerned with the theory of making decisions based on assigning probabilities to various factors and assigning numerical consequences to the outcome.

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Deep learning

Deep learning is the subset of machine learning methods based on neural networks with representation learning.

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Delhi

Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi (ISO: Rāṣṭrīya Rājadhānī Kṣētra Dillī), is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India.

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Development economics

Development economics is a branch of economics that deals with economic aspects of the development process in low- and middle- income countries.

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Dhaka

Dhaka (or; Ḍhākā), formerly known as Dacca, is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh.

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Dhaka Division

Dhaka Division (ঢাকা বিভাগ, Ḍhaka Bibhag) is an administrative division within Bangladesh.

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Dhaka Tribune

The Dhaka Tribune is a major Bangladeshi English-language daily newspaper based in Dhaka, the country's capital and largest city.

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Dhakaiyas

The Old Dhakaites (Puran Dhakaiya) are an Indo-Aryan cultural group viewed as the original inhabitants of Dhaka. Bengalis and Dhakaiyas are ethnic groups in Bangladesh and indo-Aryan peoples.

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Dharmapala of Bengal

Dharmapala (Siddhamātṛikā script:, Dha-rmma-pā-la; Bengali: ধর্মপাল) (ruled between 770s–810s CE) was the second ruler of the Pala Empire of Bengal region in the Indian subcontinent.

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Dhoti

The dhoti, also known as veshti, mardani, dhotar, jaiñboh, or panchey, is a piece of cloth arranged around the legs to resemble trousers.

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Diaspora

A diaspora is a population that is scattered across regions which are separate from its geographic place of origin.

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Dighapatia Raj

Dighapatia Raj (sometimes called Dighapatia Raj Paribar literally Dighapatia Royal Family) was a zamindari in present-day Rajshahi, which was ruled by this dynasty of 7 generations of Rajas from early 18th century till the mid-20th century; when the democratic government took power after the end of the British Monarchy's rule in India, in 1950, the East Pakistan government abolished aristocracies and the zamindari system in present-day Bangladesh.

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Dihar (archaeological site)

Dihar is an archaeological site of Neolithic and Early village farming culture located in the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Din-i Ilahi

The Dīn-i Ilāhī (دین الهی), known during its time as Tawḥīd-i-Ilāhī ("Divine Monotheism") or Divine Faith, was a new syncretic religion or spiritual program propounded by the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1582.

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Doodh pati chai

Doodh pati chai is a tea beverage, originating from the Indian subcontinent, consumed in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Nepal in which milk, together with sugar, is boiled with tea.

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Dover Publications

Dover Publications, also known as Dover Books, is an American book publisher founded in 1941 by Hayward and Blanche Cirker.

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Dua

In Islam, (دعاء, plural: أدعية) is a prayer of invocation, supplication or request, asking help or assistance from God.

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Dudu Miyan

Muḥsin ad-Dīn Aḥmad (1819–1862), better known by his nickname Dudu Miyān, was a leader of the Faraizi Movement in Bengal.

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Duke of York

Duke of York is a title of nobility in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

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Duke University Press

Duke University Press is an academic publisher and university press affiliated with Duke University.

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Dupatta

The dupattā, also called chunni, chunari, chundari, lugda, rao/rawo, gandhi, pothi and odhni is a long shawl-like scarf traditionally worn by women in the Indian subcontinent.

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Durand Cup

The Durand Cup (also called the IndianOil Durand Cup Powered by Coal India Limited for sponsorship reasons) is an annual domestic football competition in India which was first held in 1888 in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.

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Durham, England

Durham (locally) is a cathedral city and civil parish in the county of Durham, England.

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Dutch East India Company

The United East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, abbreviated as VOC), commonly known as the Dutch East India Company, was a chartered trading company and one of the first joint-stock companies in the world.

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Dvija

Dvija (Sanskrit: द्विज) means "twice-born".

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East Bengal FC

East Bengal Football Club, commonly referred to as East Bengal, is an Indian professional football club based in Kolkata, West Bengal that competes in the Indian Super League (ISL), the top flight of the Indian football league system.

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East India Company

The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874.

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East London

East London is the northeastern part of London, England, east of the ancient City of London and north of the River Thames as it begins to widen.

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East Pakistan

East Pakistan was the eastern province of Pakistan between 1955 and 1971, covering the territory of the modern country Bangladesh.

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Eastern Bengali

Eastern Bengali, Baṅgālī (bôṅgalī) or Vaṅga (bôṅgô) is a nonstandard dialect cluster of Bengali spoken in most of Bangladesh and Tripura, thus covering majority of the land of Bengal and surrounding areas.

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Eastern Indo-Aryan languages

The Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, also known as Māgadhan languages, are spoken throughout the eastern region of the subcontinent (East India, Bangladesh, Assam), which includes Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bengal region, Tripura, Assam, and Odisha; alongside other regions surrounding the northeastern Himalayan corridor.

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Economic justice

Economic justice is a component of social justice and welfare economics.

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Eid al-Adha

Eid al-Adha is the second of the two main holidays in Islam alongside Eid al-Fitr.

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Eid al-Fitr

Eid al-Fitr (lit) is the earlier of the two official holidays celebrated within Islam (the other being Eid al-Adha).

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Elite Daily

Elite Daily is an American online news platform founded by David Arabov, Jonathon Francis, and Gerard Adams.

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Emad Mostaque

Mohammad Emad Mostaque (মোহম্মদ ইমাদ মোশতাক; born 17 April 1983) is a British-Bangladeshi business executive, mathematician, and former hedge fund manager.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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Endonym and exonym

An endonym (also known as autonym) is a common, native name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside a particular group or linguistic community to identify or designate themselves, their homeland, or their language.

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The England national football team have represented England in international football since the first international match in 1872.

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Esther Duflo

Esther Duflo, FBA (born 25 October 1972) is a French–American economist currently serving as the Abdul Latif Jameel Professor of Poverty Alleviation and Development Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

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Ethnic enclave

In sociology, an ethnic enclave is a geographic area with high ethnic concentration, characteristic cultural identity, and economic activity.

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Ethnolinguistic group

An ethnolinguistic group (or ethno-linguistic group) is a group that is unified by both a common ethnicity and language.

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Ethnonym

An ethnonym is a name applied to a given ethnic group.

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Falooda

A falooda is a Mughalai cold dessert made with vermicelli.

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Famine

A famine is a widespread scarcity of food caused by several possible factors, including, but not limited to war, natural disasters, crop failure, widespread poverty, an economic catastrophe or government policies.

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Famine in India

Famine had been a recurrent feature of life in the South Asian subcontinent countries of India and Bangladesh, most notoriously under British rule.

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Faraizi movement

The Faraizi movement (fôrayeji andolon) was a movement led by in Eastern Bengal to give up un-Islamic practices and act upon their duties as Muslims (''farāʾiḍ'').

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Fazlur Rahman Khan

Fazlur Rahman Khan (ফজলুর রহমান খান, Fazlur Rôhman Khan; 3 April 1929 – 27 March 1982) was a Bangladeshi-American structural engineer and architect, who initiated important structural systems for skyscrapers.

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Feni District

Feni is a coastal district situated in the south-east of Bangladesh, within the Chittagong Division.

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Firishta

Firishta or Ferešte (فرشته), full name Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah Astarabadi (محمدقاسمهندوشاہ استرابادی), was a Persian historian, who later settled in India and served the Deccan Sultans as their court historian.

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Fish as food

Many species of fish are caught by humans and consumed as food in virtually all regions around the world.

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Folklore

Folklore is the body of expressive culture shared by a particular group of people, culture or subculture.

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French cuisine

French cuisine is the cooking traditions and practices from France.

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Frontline (magazine)

Frontline is a fortnightly English language magazine published by The Hindu Group of publications headquartered in Chennai, India.

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Gamcha

Gamcha (Bengali: গামছা), also known as Gamchha, Gamucha, Gamusa and Angochha, is a rectangular piece of traditional coarse cotton cloth, sometimes with a checked design, worn as traditional scarf by men in the Indian subcontinent, mainly in Eastern India (including Assam), Bangladesh, as well as in eastern Terai of Nepal.

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Gangaridai

Gangaridai (Γαγγαρίδαι; Latin: Gangaridae) is a term used by the ancient Greco-Roman writers (1st century BCE-2nd century AD) to describe people or a geographical region of the ancient Indian subcontinent.

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Ganges

The Ganges (in India: Ganga,; in Bangladesh: Padma). "The Ganges Basin, known in India as the Ganga and in Bangladesh as the Padma, is an international river which goes through India, Bangladesh, Nepal and China." is a trans-boundary river of Asia which flows through India and Bangladesh. The -long river rises in the western Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.

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Gauḍa (city)

Gauḍa (also known as Gaur, Gour, Lakhnauti, Lakshmanavati and Jannatabad) is a historic city of Bengal in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, and one of the most prominent capitals of classical and medieval India, being the capital city of Bengal under several kingdoms.

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Gaye holud

Gaye holud (lit: "yellow/turmeric on the body") or Gatro Horidra (গাত্র-হরিদ্রা) is a ceremony observed by Bengalis of Bangladesh and in the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and Assam regardless of their religion. Bengalis and Gaye holud are culture of Bengal.

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George III

George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until his death in 1820.

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Ghazi Burhanuddin

Syed Ghāzī Burhān ad-Dīn (سيد غازي برهان الدين, সৈয়দ গাজী বুরহানউদ্দীন) was a 14th-century Sufi Muslim figure living in Sylhet.

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Ghoti people

Ghoti (ঘটি; Pôshchim Bôngiyô) is a term used to refer a social group of Bengali people native to the Indian states of West Bengal and Jharkhand.

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Ghulam Husain Salim

Ğulām Husayn "Salīm" Zaydpūrī was a historian who migrated to Bengal and was employed there as a postmaster to the English East India Company serving under George Udny (a commercial resident of the East India Company).

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Gopala I

Gopala (গোপাল) (ruled –770s CE) was the founder of the Pala dynasty, which was based in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent.

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Government of India

The Government of India (IAST: Bhārat Sarkār, legally the Union Government or Union of India and colloquially known as the Central Government) is the central executive authority of the Republic of India, a federal republic located in South Asia, consisting of 28 states and eight union territories.

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Govinda III

Govinda III (reign 793 – 814 CE) was greatest Rashtrakuta monarch who succeeded his illustrious father Dhruva Dharavarsha.

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Govindachandra (Chandra dynasty)

Govindachandra (reigned) was the last known ruler of the Chandra dynasty in eastern Bengal.

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Grainger challenge

The Grainger challenge is a scientific competition to find an economical way to remove arsenic from arsenic-contaminated groundwater.

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Grameen Bank

Grameen Bank (গ্রামীণ ব্যাংক) is a microfinance specialized community development bank founded in Bangladesh. It makes small loans (known as microcredit or "grameencredit") to the impoverished without requiring collateral. Grameen Bank is a Statutory Public Authority.

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Great Bengal famine of 1770

The Great Bengal famine of 1770 struck Bengal and Bihar between 1769 and 1770 and affected some 30 million people.

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Greeks

The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world..

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Guglielmo Marconi

Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi, 1st Marquis of Marconi (25 April 187420 July 1937) was an Italian inventor, electrical engineer, and politician, known for his creation of a practical radio wave–based wireless telegraph system.

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Gupta Empire

The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire on the Indian subcontinent which existed from the mid 3rd century CE to mid 6th century CE.

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Haji biryani

Haji biryani (also known as Hajir biryani) is one of the oldest restaurants in the heart of Old Dhaka, Bangladesh, selling chevon biryani (dish made with highly seasoned rice and goat's meat).

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Haji Shariatullah

Haji Shariatullah (হাজী শরীয়তুল্লাহ; 17811840) was a prominent religious leader and Islamic scholar from Bengal in the eastern subcontinent, who is best known as the founder of the Faraizi movement.

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Hajj

Hajj (translit; also spelled Hadj, Haj or Haji) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims.

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Ham (son of Noah)

Ham (in), according to the Table of Nations in the Book of Genesis, was the second son of Noah and the father of Cush, Mizraim, Phut and Canaan.

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Hamza Choudhury

Hamza Dewan Choudhury (born 1 October 1997) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder or right-back for club Leicester City.

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Han Chinese

The Han Chinese or the Han people, or colloquially known as the Chinese are an East Asian ethnic group native to Greater China.

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Hand axe

A hand axe (or handaxe or Acheulean hand axe) is a prehistoric stone tool with two faces that is the longest-used tool in human history.

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Hara Prasad Shastri

Hara Prasad Shastri (হরপ্রসাদ শাস্ত্রী; 6 December 1853 – 17 November 1931), also known as Hara Prasad Bhattacharya, was an Indian academic, Sanskrit scholar, archivist, and historian of Bengali literature.

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Harikela

Harikela was an ancient kingdom located in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent.

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Harivaṃśa

The Harivamsa is an important work of Sanskrit literature, containing 16,374 shlokas, mostly in the anustubh metre.

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Harvard University Press

Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.

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Harvest festival

A harvest festival is an annual celebration that occurs around the time of the main harvest of a given region.

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Hejaz

The Hejaz (also; lit) is a region that includes the majority of the west coast of Saudi Arabia, covering the cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Tabuk, Yanbu, Taif and Baljurashi.

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Hejazi turban

The Hejazi turban (العِمامة الحِجازيّة., ʾimāmah IPA), also spelled Hijazi turban, is a type of the turban headdress native to the region of Hejaz in modern-day western Saudi Arabia.

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Henry Classification System

The Henry Classification System is a long-standing method by which fingerprints are sorted by physiological characteristics for one-to-many searching.

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Hijab

In modern usage, hijab (translit) generally refers to various head coverings conventionally worn by many Muslim women.

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Hindu Mahasabha

Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha is a Hindu nationalist political party in India.

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Hindu nationalism

Hindu nationalism has been collectively referred to as the expression of social and political thought, based on the native spiritual and cultural traditions of the Indian subcontinent.

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Hindu–Islamic relations

Interactions between Muslims and Hindus began in the 7th century, after the advent of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula.

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Hinduism

Hinduism is an Indian religion or dharma, a religious and universal order by which its followers abide.

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Hindus

Hindus (also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma.

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Hiralal Sen

Hiralal Sen (হীরালাল সেন, Hiralal Shen; 2 August 1868 – 26 October 1917) is generally considered one of India's first filmmakers.

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Historical definitions of races in India

Various attempts have been made, under the British Raj and since, to classify the population of India according to a racial typology.

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Hooghly River

The Hooghly River (Anglicized alternatively spelt as Hoogli or Hugli) or popularly called Ganga or Kati-Ganga in the Puranas, is a river that rises close to Giria, which lies north of Baharampur and Palashi in Murshidabad.

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Hookah

A hookah (Hindustani: (Nastaleeq), हुक़्क़ा (Devanagari), IPA:; also see other names), shisha, or waterpipe is a single- or multi-stemmed instrument for heating or vaporizing and then smoking either tobacco, flavored tobacco (often muʽassel), or sometimes cannabis, hashish and opium.

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Horse racing

Horse racing is an equestrian performance activity, typically involving two or more horses ridden by jockeys (or sometimes driven without riders) over a set distance for competition.

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Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy

Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy (হোসেন শহীদ সোহ্‌রাওয়ার্দী; حسین شہید سہروردی; 8 September 18925 December 1963) was a Pakistani Bengali barrister and politician.

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I'tisam-ud-Din

Mīrzā Muḥammad Iʿtiṣām ad-Dīn Panchnūrī or Itesham Uddin, was a diplomat for the Mughal Empire.

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Idolatry

Idolatry is the worship of a cult image or "idol" as though it were a deity.

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IFA Shield

The IFA Shield is an annual football competition organized by the Indian Football Association, the football governing body in the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Ilm (Arabic)

‘Ilm (علم"knowledge") is the Arabic term for knowledge.

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Ilyas Shahi dynasty

The Ilyas Shahi dynasty (ইলিয়াস শাহী খান্দান, دودمان الیاس‌شاهی) was the first independent dynasty to set the foundations of the late medieval Sunni Muslim Sultanate of Bengal of Turk origin.

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Imam

Imam (إمام,;: أئمة) is an Islamic leadership position.

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India

India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.

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India Today

India Today is a weekly Indian English-language news magazine published by Living Media India Limited.

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Indian independence movement

The Indian Independence Movement was a series of historic events in South Asia with the ultimate aim of ending British colonial rule.

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Indian National Army

The Indian National Army (INA; Azad Hind Fauj; 'Free Indian Army') was a collaborationist armed unit of Indian collaborators that fought under the command of the Japanese Empire.

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Indian National Congress

|position.

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Indian Rebellion of 1857

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown.

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Indian religions

Indian religions, sometimes also termed Dharmic religions or Indic religions, are the religions that originated in the Indian subcontinent.

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Indian subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.

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Indo-Aryan languages

The Indo-Aryan languages (or sometimes Indic languages) are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family. Bengalis and Indo-Aryan languages are indo-Aryan peoples.

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Indo-Aryan peoples

Indo-Aryan peoples are a diverse collection of peoples speaking Indo-Aryan languages in the Indian subcontinent.

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Indo-European languages

The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent.

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Indo-Iranian languages

The Indo-Iranian languages (also known as Indo-Iranic languages or collectively the Aryan languages) constitute the largest and southeasternmost extant branch of the Indo-European language family.

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Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution, sometimes divided into the First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution, was a period of global transition of the human economy towards more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes that succeeded the Agricultural Revolution.

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Intangible cultural heritage

An intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is a practice, representation, expression, knowledge, or skill considered by UNESCO to be part of a place's cultural heritage.

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International Institute for Asian Studies

The International Institute for Asian Studies (IIAS) is a global research institute and knowledge exchange platform, based in Leiden, the Netherlands.

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Interpersonal ties

In social network analysis and mathematical sociology, interpersonal ties are defined as information-carrying connections between people.

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Islam

Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.

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Islam Khan I

Shaikh Alauddin Chisti (1570–1613; known as Islam Khan Chisti) was a Mughal general and the Subahdar of Bengal.

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Islamic clothing

Islamic clothing is clothing that is interpreted as being in accordance with the teachings of Islam.

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Islamic Foundation Bangladesh

Islamic Foundation Bangladesh (ইসলামিক ফাউন্ডেশন বাংলাদেশ) is a government organization under the Ministry of Religious Affairs in Bangladesh working to disseminate values and ideals of Islam and carry out activities related to those values and ideals.

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Islamic holidays

There are two main holidays in Islam that are celebrated by Muslims worldwide: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.

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Islamic sciences

The Islamic sciences (lit) are a set of traditionally defined religious sciences practiced by Islamic scholars (ʿulamāʾ), aimed at the construction and interpretation of Islamic religious knowledge.

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Ivory

Ivory is a hard, white material from the tusks (traditionally from elephants) and teeth of animals, that consists mainly of dentine, one of the physical structures of teeth and tusks.

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Jagadish Chandra Bose

Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose (30 November 1858 – 23 November 1937) was a polymath with interests in biology, physics, botany and writing science fiction.

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Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah

Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah (জালালউদ্দীন মুহম্মদ শাহ; born as Jadu/যদূ) was a 15th-century Sultan of Bengal and an important figure in medieval Bengali history.

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Jama (coat)

The term jama (Hindustani: जामा, جام; Bengali: জামা; Odia: ଜାମା) refers to a long coat which was popular in South Asia during the early modern era.

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Jamdani

Jamdani (জামদানি) is a fine muslin textile (figured with different patterns) produced for centuries in South Rupshi of Narayanganj district in Bangladesh on the bank of Shitalakhwa river.

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James Achilles Kirkpatrick

Lieutenant-Colonel James Achilles Kirkpatrick (1764 – 15 October 1805) was an East India Company officer and diplomat who served as the Resident at Hyderabad Deccan from 1798 until 1805.

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Jatra (theatre)

Jatra (origin: Yatra meaning procession or journey in Sanskrit) is a popular folk-theatre form Bengali theatre, spread throughout most of Bengali speaking areas of the Indian subcontinent, including Bangladesh and Indian states of West Bengal, Assam, Odisha and Tripura As of 2005, there were some 55 troupes based in Calcutta's old Jatra district, Chitpur Road, and all together, is a $21m-a-year industry, performed on nearly 4,000 stages in West Bengal alone, where in 2001, over 300 companies employed over 20,000 people, more than the local film industry and urban theatre. Bengalis and Jatra (theatre) are culture of Bengal.

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Jāti

Jāti is the term traditionally used to describe a cohesive group of people in the Indian subcontinent, like a tribe, community, clan, sub-clan, or a religious sect.

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Jharkhand

Jharkhand is a state in eastern India.

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Jnan Chandra Ghosh

Sir Jnan Chandra Ghosh or Jnanendra Chandra Ghosh (4 September 1894 – 21 January 1959) was an Indian chemist best known for his contribution to the development of scientific research, industrial development and technology education in India.

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Jnanendra Nath Mukherjee

Jnanendra Nath Mukherjee CBE, FRSC was an Indian colloid chemist.

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Jobbarer Boli Khela

Boli Khela or Bali Khela (বলীখেলা) is a traditional form of wrestling in Bangladesh, particularly popular in the Chittagong area considered as a national game of the district.

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Jordan

Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia.

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Jugantar

Jugantar or Yugantar (যুগান্তর Jugantor; lit. New Era or Transition of an Epoch) was one of the two main secret revolutionary trends operating in Bengal for Indian independence.

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Kabaddi

Kabaddi is a contact team sport played between two teams of seven players, originating in ancient India.

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Kala pani (taboo)

The kala pani (lit. black water) represents the proscription of the over reaching seas in Hinduism.

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Kanamachi

Kanamachi (Blind Fly, also spelt Kanamasi or Khanamasi) is a traditional game popular in Bangladesh and in the Indian states of West Bengal, Assam, Odisha and Tripura.

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Karim Shah

Karim Shah (করীম শাহ), also known as Karam Shah (করম শাহ), was the founder of the mystic Pagal Panthi order in eastern Bengal (present-day Bangladesh).

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Kazi Nazrul Islam

Kazi Nazrul Islam (কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম,; 25 May 1899 – 29 August 1976) was a Bengali poet, writer, journalist, and musician.

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Kheer

Kheer, also known as payasam or payesh, is a pudding/porridge popular in the Indian subcontinent, usually made by boiling milk, sugar or jaggery, and rice.

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Khichdi (dish)

Khichdi or khichri (translit, translit,, translit, Odia: ଖେଚୁଡି) is a dish in South Asian cuisine made of rice and lentils (dal) with numerous variations.

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Khondkar Siddique-e-Rabbani

Khondkar Siddique-e-Rabbani (খন্দকার সিদ্দিক-ই-রাব্বানী; born 9 May 1950) is a Bangladeshi Biomedical physicist and notable for developing the Focused Impedance Measurement method.

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Khotta people

The Khotta are a Sunni Muslim community that resides and lives in the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Khudiram Bose

Khudiram Bose (also spelled Khudiram/Khudiram Basu) (3 December 1889 – 11 August 1908) was an Indian nationalist from Bengal Presidency who opposed British rule of India.

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Khwaja Salimullah

Nawab Sir Khwaja Salimullah Bahadur (7 June 1871 – 16 January 1915) was the fourth Nawab of Dhaka and one of the leading Muslim politicians during the British rule in India.

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Kingdom of Mrauk U

The Kingdom of Mrauk-U (Arakanese: မြောက်ဦး ဘုရင့်နိုင်ငံတော်) was a kingdom that existed on the Arakan littoral from 1429 to 1785.

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Kolkata

Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta (its official name until 2001), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Kolkata Derby

The Kolkata Derby (locally known as "Boro Match") is the football match in Kolkata, between East Bengal and Mohun Bagan.

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Koshi Province

Koshi Province (कोशी प्रदेश) is the autonomous easternmost province adopted on 20 September 2015 by Constitution of Nepal.

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Kotalipara Upazila

Kotalipara (কোটালীপাড়া) is an upazila of Gopalganj District in the Division of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

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Kshatriya

Kshatriya (from Sanskrit, "rule, authority"; also called Rajanya) is one of the four varnas (social orders) of Hindu society and is associated with the warrior aristocracy.

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Kufi

A kufi or kufi cap is a brimless, short, and rounded cap worn by men in many populations in North Africa, East Africa, West Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East.

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Kurta

A Kurta word comes from Urdu, and its Persian root is kurtah, "a collarless shirt." A kurta is a loose collarless shirt or tunic worn in many regions of South Asia, (subscription required) Quote: "A loose shirt or tunic worn by men and women." Quote: "Kurta: a loose shirt without a collar, worn by women and men from South Asia" and now also worn around the world.

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Kushtia District

Kushtia District (কুষ্টিয়া জেলা, pronunciation: kuʃʈia) is a district in the Khulna administrative division of western Bangladesh.

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Lahore Resolution

The Lahore Resolution (قراردادِ لاہور, Qarardad-e-Lahore; Bengali: লাহোর প্রস্তাব, Lahor Prostab), also called Pakistan Resolution, was written and prepared by Muhammad Zafarullah Khan and was presented by A. K. Fazlul Huq, the Prime Minister of Bengal, was a formal political statement adopted by the All-India Muslim League on the occasion of its three-day general session in Lahore on 22–24 March 1940.

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Lakshmana Sena

Lokkhon Sen or Lakshman Sena (লক্ষণ সেন; reign: 1178–1206) was the ruler from the Sen dynasty of the Bengal region on the Indian subcontinent.

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Language

Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary.

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Lassi

Lassi is a Punjabi yogurt–based beverage with a smoothie-like consistency.

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Lathi khela

Lathi khela (লাঠি খেলা) is a traditional Bengali martial art – a kind of stick fighting practiced in Bangladesh.

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Legend

A legend is a genre of folklore that consists of a narrative featuring human actions, believed or perceived to have taken place in human history.

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Lingua franca

A lingua franca (for plurals see), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages.

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List of Bangladeshi people

Listed below are notable people who are either citizens of Bangladesh, born in the region of what is now Bangladesh, or of Bangladeshi origin living abroad.

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List of Bengalis

This article provides lists of famous and notable Bengali people in the Indian subcontinent, people with Bengali ancestry, and people who speak Bengali as their primary language.

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List of contemporary ethnic groups

The following is a list of contemporary ethnic groups.

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List of languages by number of native speakers

Human languages ranked by their number of native speakers are as follows.

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List of people considered father or mother of a field

Often, discoveries and innovations are the work of multiple people, resulting from continual improvements over time.

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List of people from West Bengal

This is a list of notable people from West Bengal, India.

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List of physicists

Following is a list of physicists who are notable for their achievements.

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Lodha Muslims

The Lodha Muslim are a tribal or Adivasi community found in the state of West Bengal in India. Bengalis and Lodha Muslims are ethnic groups in India.

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Lower Assam division

Lower Assam division is one of the 5 administrative divisions of Assam in India.

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Lungi

The lungi is a clothing similar to the sarong that originated in the Indian subcontinent.

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Madrasa Al-Bangaliyyah

The Bangaliyyah Madrasah (al-Madrasah al-Bangāliyyah), refers to the madrasas constructed in Hejaz during the 14th-15th century by the Sultans of Bengal.

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Magadha

Magadha also called the Kingdom of Magadha or the Magadha Empire, was a kingdom and empire, and one of the sixteen lit during the Second Urbanization period, based in southern Bihar in the eastern Ganges Plain, in Ancient India.

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Magadhi Prakrit

Magadhi Prakrit (Māgadhī) is of one of the three Dramatic Prakrits, the written languages of Ancient India following the decline of Pali.

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Mahabharata

The Mahābhārata (महाभारतम्) is one of the two major Smriti texts and Sanskrit epics of ancient India revered in Hinduism, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa.

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Mahr

In Islam, a mahr (in مهر; مهريه; mehir; mahari; mahar; also transliterated mehr, meher, mehrieh, or mahriyeh) is the bride wealth obligation, in the form of money, possessions or teaching of verses from the Quran by the groom, to the bride at the time of the Islamic Wedding (payment also has circumstances on when and how to pay).

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Mak Yuree

Mak Yuree (এমএকে ইউরী;born 1964) also known as Vajramunee, is the founder of Vajrapran and Butthan movement, the South Asian combat sports and system of personal development with the aim to obtain body-mind balance.

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Malda district

Malda district, also spelt Maldah or Maldaha (often), is a district in West Bengal, India.

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Man Singh I

Mirza Raja Man Singh I (21 December 1550 – 6 July 1614) was the 24th Maharaja of Kingdom of Amber from 1589 to 1614.

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Manbhum

Manbhum District was one of the districts of the East India during the British Raj.

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Manipur

Manipur (Kangleipak|) is a state in northeast India, with the city of Imphal as its capital.

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Manipur (princely state)

The Manipur Kingdom also known as Meckley was an ancient kingdom at the India–Burma frontier.

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Marriage in Islam

In Islam, nikah (translit) is a contract exclusively between a man and woman.

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Masala chai

Masala chai is a popular beverage throughout South Asia, originating in India.

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Masterpiece

A masterpiece, magnum opus, or paren) in modern use is a creation that has been given much critical praise, especially one that is considered the greatest work of a person's career or a work of outstanding creativity, skill, profundity, or workmanship. Historically, a "masterpiece" was a work of a very high standard produced to obtain membership of a guild or academy in various areas of the visual arts and crafts.

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Mathematical physics

Mathematical physics refers to the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics.

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Mattha

Mattha (Māṭhā, Maṭṭhā) is a beverage that originates from the Indian subcontinent.

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Maurya Empire

The Maurya Empire (Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀫𑀸𑀕𑀥𑁂, Māgadhe) was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in South Asia based in Magadha (present day Bihar).

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Mecca

Mecca (officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah) is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia and the holiest city according to Islam.

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Medina

Medina, officially Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah, is the capital of Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia.

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Meghalaya

Meghalaya (or, "the abode of clouds") is a state in northeast India.

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Meghna Division

Meghna Division (Bengali: মেঘনা বিভাগ) is a proposed administrative division within Bangladesh for the north-western parts of the existing Chittagong Division, comprising Brahmanbaria, Comilla, Chandpur, Noakhali, Feni, and Laxmipur Districts of Chittagong Division.

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Meghnad Saha

Meghnad Saha (6 October 1893 – 16 February 1956) was an Indian astrophysicist who helped devise the theory of thermal ionisation.

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Mehndi

Mehndi is a form of temporary skin decoration using a paste created with henna.

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Mesosphaerum suaveolens

Mesosphaerum suaveolens, synonym Hyptis suaveolens, chia, pignut, or chan, is a branching pseudocereal plant native to tropical regions of Mexico, Central, the West Indies, and South America, as well as being naturalized in tropical parts of Africa, Asia and Australia.

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Mezban

Mezban (মেজবান), locally known as Mejjan (Chittagonian Bengali:মেজ্জান) is a popular social festival held in the Chittagong region by Bengali Muslims of Bangladesh.

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Michael Kremer

Michael Robert Kremer (born November 12, 1964) is an American development economist currently serving as University Professor in Economics at the University of Chicago and Director of the Development Innovation Lab at the Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics.

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Microcredit

Microcredit is the extension of very small loans (microloans) to impoverished borrowers who typically lack collateral, steady employment, and a verifiable credit history.

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Microfinance

Microfinance is a of financial services targeting individuals and small businesses who lack access to conventional banking and related services.

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Microwave

Microwave is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than other radio waves (as originally discovered) but longer than infrared waves.

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Midnapore

Medinipur or Midnapore and originally Madanipur (Pron: mad̪aːniːpur) is a village known for its history in the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs

Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (আইন, বিচার ও সংসদ বিষয়ক মন্ত্রণালয়; Ā'ina, bicāra ō sansada biṣaẏaka mantraṇālaẏa) is a ministry of the government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh which deals with the management of the legal affairs, legislative activities, handles affairs relating to the Parliament of Bangladesh and administration of justice in Bangladesh through its two divisions: Law and Justice Division and the Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division respectively.

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Ministry of Minority Affairs

The Ministry of Minority Affairs is the ministry in the Government of India which was carved out of the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment and created on 29 January 2006.

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Mir Mosharraf Hossain

Mir Syed Mosharraf Hossain (মীর মশাররফ হোসেন; 1847–1912) was a Bengali writer, novelist, playwright and essayist.

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Mishti doi

Mishti doi (মিষ্টি দই) is a fermented sweet doi (yogurt) originating from the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent and common in the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, Assam's Barak Valley, and in the nation of Bangladesh.

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Mizoram

Mizoram is a state in northeastern India, with Aizawl as its seat of government and largest city.

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Mohammed Salim (1904 – 5 November 1980), nicknamed "the Indian juggler", was an Indian footballer from Calcutta (now Kolkata, West Bengal), which at the time was part of the British Raj.

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Mohun Bagan AC

Mohun Bagan Athletic Club is an Indian professional multi-sports club based in Kolkata, West Bengal.

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Motif (textile arts)

In the textile arts, a motif (also called a block or square) is a smaller element in a much larger work.

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Mrinal Sen

Mrinal Sen (14 May 1923 – 30 December 2018) was an Indian film director and screenwriter known for his work primarily in Bengali, and a few Hindi and Telugu language films.

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Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia.

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Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji

Ikhtiyār al-Dīn Muḥammad Bakhtiyār Khaljī, also known as Bakhtiyar Khalji, was a Turko-Afghan military general of the Ghurid ruler Muhammad of Ghor, who led the Muslim conquests of the eastern Indian regions of Bengal and parts of Bihar and established himself as their ruler.

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Muhammad Yunus

Muhammad Yunus (born 28 June 1940) is a Bangladeshi social entrepreneur, banker, economist and civil society leader who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 for founding the Grameen Bank and pioneering the concepts of microcredit and microfinance.

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Muharram Rebellion

The Muharram Rebellion was a Bengali uprising which took place in early December 1782 against the East India Company in colonial Sylhet, eastern Bengal (now Bangladesh).

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Mukti Bahini

The Mukti Bahini, also known as the Bangladesh Forces, was the guerrilla resistance movement consisting of the Bangladeshi military, paramilitary and civilians during the Bangladesh Liberation War that transformed East Pakistan into Bangladesh in 1971.

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Murshidabad district

Murshidabad district is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Muslims

Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.

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Mustard oil

Mustard oil can mean either the pressed oil used for cooking, or a pungent essential oil also known as volatile oil of mustard.

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Myanmar

Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest.

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Mymensingh Division

Mymensingh Division (ময়মনসিংহ বিভাগ) is one of the eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh.

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Nabanna

Nobanno (নবান্ন, Nobānno; lit: New Feast) is a Bengali harvest celebration usually celebrated with food and dance and music in Bangladesh and in the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and Assam's Barak Valley. Bengalis and Nabanna are culture of Bengal.

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Nadia district

Nadia is a district in the state of West Bengal, India.

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Nagaland

Nagaland is a state in the north-eastern region of India.

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Najib Ali Choudhury

Najib Ali Choudhury (নজিব আলী চৌধুরী) was a 19th-century Bengali Islamic scholar and teacher.

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Narsingdi District

Narsingdi District (নরসিংদী জেলা) is a district in central Bangladesh.

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Nashya Shaikh

The Nashya Shaikh or Nashya Sekh is a Muslim community found in northern parts of the state of West Bengal in India.

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National academy

A national academy is an organizational body, usually operating with state financial support and approval, that co-ordinates scholarly research activities and standards for academic disciplines, and serve as public policy advisors, research institutes, think tanks, and public administration consultants for governments or on issues of public importance, most frequently in the sciences but also in the humanities.

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National sport

A national sport is a physical activity or sport that is culturally significant or deeply embedded in a nation, serving as a national symbol and an intrinsic element to a nation's identity and culture.

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Natore District

Natore district is a district of Rajshahi Division located in northern Bangladesh.

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Nawabs of Bengal

The Nawab of Bengal (বাংলার নবাব) was the hereditary ruler of Bengal Subah in Mughal India.

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Nemai Ghosh (director)

Nemai Ghosh, or Nimai Ghosh (1914–1988), was an Indian film director and cinematographer, best known for his film Chinnamul (1950).

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Neolithic

The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος 'new' and λίθος 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia and Africa.

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Neorealism (art)

In art, neorealism refers to a few movements.

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Nepal

Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia.

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Netrokona District

Netrokona (নেত্রকোণা) is a district of the Mymensingh Division in northern Bangladesh.

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Nitish Sengupta

Nitish Kumar Sengupta (23 September 1934, Palang, Faridpur − 3 November 2013, New Delhi) was an Indian academician, administrator, politician and author. Bengalis and Nitish Sengupta are Bengali people.

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Noakhailla

Noakhailla (নোয়াখাইল্লা), Noakhali Bengali also known by the demonym Noakhalian, is a dialect of Bengali, spoken by an estimated 7 million people, primarily in the Greater Noakhali region of Bangladesh as well as southern parts of Tripura in India.

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Noakhali District

Noakhali (নোয়াখালী), historically known as Bhulua (ভুলুয়া), is a district in southeastern Bangladesh, located in the Chittagong Division.

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Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences

The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, officially the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (Sveriges riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne), is an economics award funded by Sveriges Riksbank and administered by the Nobel Foundation.

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Nobel Peace Prize

The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments (military weapons and equipment) manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature.

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North 24 Parganas district

North 24 Parganas (abv. 24 PGS (N)) or sometimes North Twenty Four Parganas is a district in southern West Bengal, of eastern India.

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North Bengal

North Bengal or Uttar Banga (উত্তরবঙ্গ/উত্তর বাংলা) is a term used for the north-western part of Bangladesh and northern part of West Bengal.

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North Central Bengali dialect

North Central Bengali or Varendrī Bengali (বরেন্দ্রী বাংলা) is a dialect of the Bengali language, spoken in the Varendra region (primarily consisting of the Rajshahi Division in Bangladesh and the Malda division in India).

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North India

North India, also called Northern India, is a geographical and broad cultural region comprising the northern part of India (or historically, the Indian subcontinent) wherein Indo-Aryans form the prominent majority population.

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Nouka Baich

Nouka Baich (নৌকা বাইচ, lit. Boat Race, also spelt Nowka Bais) is a traditional dragon boat-style paddling sport of Bangladesh.

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Odia language

Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ, ISO:,; formerly rendered as Oriya) is an Indo-Aryan classical language spoken in the Indian state of Odisha.

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Odisha

Odisha (English), formerly Orissa (the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India.

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Old Dhaka

Old Dhaka (Puran Dhaka) is a term used to refer to the historic old city of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh.

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Oman

Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is a country in West Asia.

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Optics

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.

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Pachisi

Pachisi is a cross and circle board game that originated in Ancient India.

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Pagal Panthis

The Pagal Panthis (lit. 'followers of the mad path') were a socio-religious order that emerged in the late 18th-century in the Mymensingh region of Bengal (now located in Bangladesh).Karam Shah (1710 AD -1813 AD) a sufi saint was the founder of that order.

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Paisley (design)

Paisley or paisley pattern is an ornamental textile design using the boteh (بته) or buta, a teardrop-shaped motif with a curved upper end.

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Pajamas

Pajamas (US) or pyjamas (Commonwealth), sometimes colloquially shortened to PJs, jammies, jim-jams, or in South Asia, night suits, are several related types of clothing worn as nightwear or while lounging.

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Pakistan

Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia.

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Pala Empire

The Pāla Empire (r. 750–1161 CE) was an imperial power during the post-classical period in the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal.

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Paleolithic

The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic, also called the Old Stone Age, is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost the entire period of human prehistoric technology.

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Pali

Pāli, also known as Pali-Magadhi, is a Middle Indo-Aryan liturgical language on the Indian subcontinent.

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Palm fruit juice

Palm fruit juice or Tal er Rosh, ('''তালের রস'''.) is sweet sap extracted from the fruit of palm trees in summer.

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Pambaram

Pambaram, also called the Lattu, Latim, Bhawra, Buguri, or Bongaram, is a traditional throwing top used mainly in India and Bangladesh.

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Panch phoron

Panch phoron, panch phodan or pancha phutana is a whole spice blend, originating from the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent and used in the cuisines of Eastern India and Northeastern India, especially in the cuisines of Bhojpur, Mithila, Odisha, Assam, Bengal and Nepal.

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Pandu Rajar Dhibi

Pandu Rajar Dhibi in the valley of the river Ajay is an Archaeological site in Ausgram II block in the Sadar North subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Partition of Bengal (1905)

The first Partition of Bengal (1905) was a territorial reorganization of the Bengal Presidency implemented by the authorities of the British Raj.

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Partition of India

The Partition of India in 1947 was the change of political borders and the division of other assets that accompanied the dissolution of the British Raj in the Indian subcontinent and the creation of two independent dominions in South Asia: India and Pakistan.

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Parvez Haris

Parvez Haris (পারভেজ হারিস) is a professor of biomedical science at the School of Allied Health Sciences in De Montfort University, United Kingdom.

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Pather Panchali

() is a 1955 Indian Bengali-language drama film written and directed by Satyajit Ray in his directoral debut and produced by the Government of West Bengal.

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Pehlwani

Pehlwani, also known as Kushti, is a form of wrestling contested in the Indian subcontinent.

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Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (Fārsī|), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.

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Phari

Phari or Pagri is a town in Yadong County in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China near the border with Bhutan.

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Photon

A photon is an elementary particle that is a quantum of the electromagnetic field, including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force.

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Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe.

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Pohela Boishakh

Pohela Boishakh (পহেলা বৈশাখ)) is the Bengali New Year celebrated on 14 April in Bangladesh and 15 April in the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, Jharkhand and Assam (Goalpara and Barak Valley). It is a festival based on the spring harvest—which marks the first day of the new year in the official calendar of Bangladesh.

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Pohela Falgun

Pohela Falgun (পহেলা ফাল্গুন, Pôhela Falgun or পয়লা ফাল্গুন, Pôela Falgun), also known as the first day of Spring of the Bengali month Falgun, is a festival celebrated in Bangladesh. Bengalis and Pohela Falgun are culture of Bengal.

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Polymath

A polymath (lit; lit) or polyhistor (lit) is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems.

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Polytheism

Polytheism is the belief in or worship of more than one god.

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Portuguese people

The Portuguese people (– masculine – or Portuguesas) are a Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation indigenous to Portugal, a country in the west of the Iberian Peninsula in the south-west of Europe, who share a common culture, ancestry and language.

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Potassium nitrate

Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with a sharp, salty, bitter taste and the chemical formula.

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Pottery

Pottery is the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and other raw materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form.

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Prafulla Chaki

Prafulla Chandra Chaki (প্রফুল্ল চাকী, Prafulla Chaki alias Dinesh Chandra Roy) (10 December 1888 – 2 May 1908) was an Indian revolutionary associated with the Jugantar group of revolutionaries who carried out assassinations against British colonial officials in an attempt to secure Indian independence.

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Premier League

The Premier League is the highest level of the English football league system.

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Presidencies and provinces of British India

The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent.

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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom.

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Prince Hassan bin Talal

Prince El Hassan bin Talal (الحسن بن طلال, born 20 March 1947) is a member of the Jordanian royal family who was previously Crown Prince from 1965 to 1999, being removed just three weeks before King Hussein's death.

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Princess Sarvath El Hassan

Princess Sarvath El Hassan (born Sarvath Ikramullah on 24 July 1947) is a Jordanian royal and the wife of Prince Hassan bin Talal of Jordan.

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Provisional Government of Bangladesh

The Provisional Government of Bangladesh (অস্থায়ী বাংলাদেশ সরকার), popularly known as the Mujibnagar Government; also known as the Bangladeshi government-in-exile, was a provisional government that was established following the proclamation of independence of East Pakistan as Bangladesh on 10 April 1971.

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Public health

Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals".

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Pundravardhana

Pundravardhana or Pundra Kingdom (Puṇḍravardhana), was an ancient kingdom of Iron Age South Asia located in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent with a territory that included parts of present-day Rajshahi and parts of Rangpur Division of Bangladesh as well as the West Dinajpur district of West Bengal, India.

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Puranas

Puranas (पुराण||ancient, old (1995 Edition), Article on Puranas,, page 915) are a vast genre of Hindu literature about a wide range of topics, particularly about legends and other traditional lore.

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Purulia district

Purulia district (Pron: puruliːaː) is one of the twenty-three districts of West Bengal state in Eastern India.

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Qadi

A qāḍī (Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, kadi, kadhi, kazi, or gazi) is the magistrate or judge of a sharīʿa court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and audition of public works.

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Qazi Azizul Haque

Khan Bahadur Qazi Azizul Haque (কাজি আজিজুল হক; 1872–1935) was a Bengali inventor and police officer in British India, notable for his work with Edward Henry and Hem Chandra Bose in developing the Henry Classification System of fingerprints, which is still in use.

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Qazi family of Lakhnauti

The Qazi family of Lakhnauti (লখনৌতির কাজী খান্দান) was a medieval Bengali Muslim family who lived in the royal city of Lakhnauti in the Bengal Sultanate.

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Quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms.

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Quran

The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah).

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Rabindranath Tagore

Rabindranath Tagore (7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941) was an Indian poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer, and painter of the Bengal Renaissance.

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Racing

In sports, racing is a competition of speed, in which competitors try to complete a given task in the shortest amount of time.

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Radcliffe Line

The Radcliffe Line was the boundary demarcated by the two boundary commissions for the provinces of Punjab and Bengal during the Partition of India.

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Raja Ram Mohan Roy

Raja Ram Mohan Roy (22 May 1772 – 27 September 1833) was an Indian reformer who was one of the founders of the Brahmo Sabha in 1828, the precursor of the Brahmo Samaj, a social-religious reform movement in the Indian subcontinent.

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Rajendra I

Rajendra I (/rɑːdʒeɪndrə/; Middle Tamil: Rājēntira Cōḻaṉ; Classical Sanskrit: Rājēndradēva Śōla; Old Malay: Raja Chulan; – 1044 CE), often referred to as Rajendra the Great, Gangaikonda Cholan (Middle Tamil: Kaṅkaikoṇṭa Cōḻaṉ), and Kadaram Kondan (Middle Tamil: Kaṭāram Koṇṭāṉ), was a Chola Emperor who reigned from 1014 and 1044 CE.

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Rajput

Rajput (from Sanskrit rājaputra meaning "son of a king"), also called Thakur, is a large multi-component cluster of castes, kin bodies, and local groups, sharing social status and ideology of genealogical descent originating from the Indian subcontinent. Bengalis and Rajput are ethnic groups in India.

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Rajshahi Division

Rajshahi Division (রাজশাহী বিভাগ) is one of the eight first-level administrative divisions of Bangladesh.

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Rakhine State

Rakhine State (Rakhine and), formerly known as Arakan State, is a state in Myanmar (Burma).

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Ramayana

The Ramayana (translit-std), also known as Valmiki Ramayana, as traditionally attributed to Valmiki, is a smriti text (also described as a Sanskrit epic) from ancient India, one of the two important epics of Hinduism known as the Itihasas, the other being the Mahabharata.

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Ramnath Biswas

Ramnath Biswas (Ramnath Bishshash; 13 January 1894 – 1 November 1955) was an Indian revolutionary, soldier, globetrotter and travelogue writer.

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Rangamati Hill District

Rangamati Hill District (Chakma:𑄢𑄁𑄉𑄟𑄖𑄧𑄖𑄬 𑄟𑄯𑄚𑄧 𑄥𑄉𑄣) is a district in south-eastern Bangladesh.

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Rangpuri language

Rangpuri (Rangpuri: অংপুরি Ôṅgpuri or অমপুরি Ômpuri) is an eastern Indo-Aryan language of the Bengali-Assamese branch, spoken in Rangpur Division in Bangladesh, northern West Bengal and western Goalpara of Assam in India.

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Rani Hamid

Rani Hamid (born 14 July 1944) is a Bangladeshi chess player.

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Rarh region

Rarh region is a toponym for an area in the Indian subcontinent that lies between the Chota Nagpur Plateau on the West and the Ganges Delta on the East.

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Rash Behari Bose

Rash Behari Bose (25 May 1886 – 21 January 1945) was an Indian revolutionary leader who fought against the British Empire. Bengalis and Rash Behari Bose are Bengali people.

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Real wages

Real wages are wages adjusted for inflation, or, equivalently, wages in terms of the amount of goods and services that can be bought.

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Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India

Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, founded in 1961 by the Government of India Ministry of Home Affairs, for arranging, conducting and analysing the results of the demographic surveys of India including Census of India and Linguistic Survey of India.

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Revolt of Rajab Ali

Rajab Ali Khan, also known as Havildar Rajab Ali, was a soldier of the Bengal Regiment who defected during the Sepoy Revolt of 1857.

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Revolutionary movement for Indian independence

The Revolutionary movement for Indian Independence was part of the Indian independence movement comprising the actions of violent underground revolutionary factions.

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Ritwik Ghatak

Ritwik Kumar Ghatak (4 November 19256 February 1976) was a noted Indian film director, screenwriter, actor and playwright.

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Riyaz-us-Salatin

Riyaz-us-Salatin (رياض السلاطين) is the first British-era historic book on the Muslim rule in Bengal that was published in Bengal in 1788.

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Rohingya people

The Rohingya people (Rohingya) are a stateless Indo-Aryan ethnic group who predominantly follow Islam and reside in Rakhine State, Myanmar. Bengalis and Rohingya people are ethnic groups in Bangladesh and indo-Aryan peoples.

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Rooh Afza

Rooh Afza (روح افزا; रूह अफ़ज़ा; রূহ আফজা) is a South Asian drink which is a concentrated squash.

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Royal Bioscope Company

The Royal Bioscope Company was the first film production company in Bengal, and possibly the first in India, set up in 1898 by Hiralal Sen, along with Matilal Sen, Deboki Lal Sen, and Bholanath Gupta.

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Sabrang Communications

Sabrang Communications is an organization founded in 1993 that publishes the monthly Communalism Combat magazine and that operates KHOJ, a secular education program, in schools in Mumbai, India.

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Sachindra Nath Sanyal

Sachindra Nath Sanyal (3 April 1890 — 7 February 1942) was an Indian revolutionary and co-founder of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA, which after 1928 became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) that was created to carry out armed resistance against the British Empire in India.

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Sadhu bhasha

Sadhu bhasha (Chaste language) or Sanskritised Bengali was a historical literary register of the Bengali language most prominently used in the 19th to 20th centuries during the Bengali Renaissance.

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Saha ionization equation

In physics, the Saha ionization equation is an expression that relates the ionization state of a gas in thermal equilibrium to the temperature and pressure.

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Samatata

Samataṭa (Brahmi script: sa-ma-ta-ṭa) was an ancient geopolitical division of Bengal in the eastern Indian subcontinent.

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Sambhal

Sambhal is a city located in the Sambhal district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

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Sanchi

Sanchi Stupa is a Buddhist complex, famous for its Great Stupa, on a hilltop at Sanchi Town in Raisen District of the State of Madhya Pradesh, India.

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Sanskrit

Sanskrit (attributively संस्कृत-,; nominally संस्कृतम्) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Sarangpur, Madhya Pradesh

Sarangpur is a city and tehsil in Rajgarh district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

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Sari

A sari (sometimes also saree or sadi)The name of the garment in various regional languages include.

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Sarojini Naidu

Sarojini Naidu (13 February 1879 – 2 March 1949) was an Indian political activist and poet who served as the first Governor of United Provinces, after India's independence.

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Sati (practice)

Sati was a historical practice in Hindu communities in which a widow sacrifices herself by sitting atop her deceased husband's funeral pyre.

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Satyajit Ray

Satyajit Ray (2 May 1921 – 23 April 1992) was an Indian director, screenwriter, documentary filmmaker, author, essayist, lyricist, magazine editor, illustrator, calligrapher, and composer.

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Satyendra Nath Bose

Satyendra Nath Bose (1 January 1894 – 4 February 1974) was an Indian theoretical physicist and mathematician.

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Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East.

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Self-determination

Self-determination refers to a people's right to form its own political entity, and internal self-determination is the right to representative government with full suffrage.

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Sena dynasty

The Sena dynasty was a Hindu dynasty during the early medieval period on the Indian subcontinent, that ruled from Bengal through the 11th and 12th centuries.

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Shah

Shah (شاه) is a royal title that was historically used by the leading figures of Indian and Iranian monarchies.

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Shah Jalal

Jalāl Mujarrad Kunyāʾī, popularly known as Shah Jalal (Shah Jalal), was a celebrated Sufi figure of Bengal.

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Shah Makhdum Rupos

‘Abd al-Quddūs Jalāl ad-Dīn (عبد القدوس جلال الدين), best known as Shah Makhdum (শাহ মখদুম), and also known as Rupos, was a Sufi Muslim figure in Bangladesh.

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Shah Muhammad Saghir

Shah Muhammad Sagir (শাহ মুহম্মদ সগীর) was one of the earliest Bengali Muslim poets, if not the first.

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Shah Sultan Rumi

Shāh Sulṭān Qamar ad-Dīn Rumī (শাহ সুলতান কমর উদ্দিন রুমী, شاه سلطان قمر الدين رومي), was an 11th-century Sufi Muslim figure who in scholarly tradition, is believed to have been the first Sufi who visited and settled in Bengal.

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Shakrain

Shakrain Festival (সাকরাইন; also known as Kite Festival and Ghuri Utsob) is an annual Bengali celebration in Dhaka, Bangladesh, observed with the flying of kites.

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Shaktism

Shaktism (translit-std) is a major Hindu denomination in which the godhead or metaphysical reality is considered metaphorically to be a woman.

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Shalwar kameez

Shalwar kameez (also salwar kameez and less commonly shalwar qameez) is a traditional combination dress worn by men and women in South Asia, and Central Asia.

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Shamsher Gazi

Shamsher Gazi (শমসের গাজী; 1712–1760), also known as the Tiger of Bhati (Bhatir Bagh), was a ruler of Roshnabad and Tripura, which covers parts of modern-day Bangladesh and India.

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Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah

Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah was the founder of the Sultanate of Bengal and its inaugural Ilyas Shahi dynasty.

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Sharbat (drink)

Sharbat (شربت,; also transliterated as shorbot, šerbet or sherbet) is a drink prepared from fruit or flower petals.

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Shashanka

Shashanka (IAST: Śaśāṅka, Sanskrit: शशाङ्क Bengali: শশাঙ্ক) was the first independent king of a unified polity in the Bengal region, called the Gauda Kingdom.

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Sheep

Sheep (sheep) or domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are a domesticated, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock.

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Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (17 March 1920 – 15 August 1975), popularly known by the honorific prefix Bangabandhu, was a Bangladeshi politician, revolutionary, statesman, activist and diarist.

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Shershabadia

Shershabadia, are a Bengali Muslim community found in the state of West Bengal, Bihar and Jharkhand in India. Bengalis and Shershabadia are Bengali people.

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Shia Islam

Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam.

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Shipbuilding

Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and other floating vessels.

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Shorshe ilish

Shorshe ilish is a Bengali dish, native to the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, made from hilsa or Tenualosa ilisha, a type of herring, cooked in mustard gravy.

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Shudra

Shudra or Shoodra (Sanskrit) is one of the four varnas of the Hindu caste and social system in ancient India.

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Silver coin

Silver coins are one of the oldest mass-produced form of coinage.

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Sirwal

Sirwal, also sherwal, saroual, seroual, sarouel or serouelSmith, Robin (1996) At Google Books.

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Sky Sports

Sky Sports is a group of British subscription sports channels operated by the satellite pay television company Sky Group (a division of Comcast), and is the dominant subscription television sports brand in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

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Social choice theory is the branch of welfare economics which studies processes of collective decision-making.

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Social justice is justice in relation to the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society where individuals' rights are recognized and protected.

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Sono arsenic filter

The Sono arsenic filter was invented in 2006 by Abul Hussam, who is a chemistry professor at George Mason University (GMU) in Fairfax, Virginia.

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South Asia

South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethnic-cultural terms.

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South Asian cuisine

South Asian cuisine, includes the traditional cuisines from the modern-day South Asian republics of Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, also sometimes including the kingdom of Bhutan and the emirate of Afghanistan.

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South India

South India, also known as Southern India or Peninsular India, is the southern part of the Deccan Peninsula in India encompassing the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry, occupying 19.31% of India's area and 20% of India's population.

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South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia.

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Spice

In the culinary arts, a spice is any seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance in a form primarily used for flavoring or coloring food.

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Spread of Islam

The spread of Islam spans almost 1,400 years. Bengalis and spread of Islam are cultural assimilation.

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Sri Aurobindo

Sri Aurobindo (born Aurobindo Ghose; 15 August 1872 – 5 December 1950) was an Indian philosopher, yogi, maharishi, poet, and Indian nationalist.

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Srivijaya

Srivijaya (Sriwijaya), also spelled Sri Vijaya, was a Buddhist thalassocratic empire based on the island of Sumatra (in modern-day Indonesia) that influenced much of Southeast Asia.

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Stability AI

Stability AI is an artificial intelligence company, best known for it's text-to-image model Stable Diffusion.

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Stable Diffusion

Stable Diffusion is a deep learning, text-to-image model released in 2022 based on diffusion techniques.

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Standard of living

Standard of living is the level of income, comforts and services available to an individual, community or society.

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Stanford University

Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University) is a private research university in Stanford, California.

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Star

A star is a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by self-gravity.

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States of India by Bengali speakers

This is a list of States and Union Territories of India by Bengali speakers at the time of the 2011 Census.

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Statistical mechanics

In physics, statistical mechanics is a mathematical framework that applies statistical methods and probability theory to large assemblies of microscopic entities.

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Stellar classification

In astronomy, stellar classification is the classification of stars based on their spectral characteristics.

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Subhas Chandra Bose

Subhas Chandra Bose (23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945) was an Indian nationalist whose defiance of British authority in India made him a hero among many Indians, but his wartime alliances with Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a legacy vexed by authoritarianism, anti-Semitism, and military failure.

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Sugarcane juice

Sugarcane juice is the liquid extracted from pressed sugarcane.

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Suhma Kingdom

Suhma Kingdom was an ancient kingdom during the Late Vedic period on the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal.

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Suhrawardy family

The Suhrawardy family with over nine hundred years of recorded history has been one of the oldest leading noble families and political dynasties of the Indian subcontinent and is regarded as an important influencer during the Bengali Renaissance.

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Sullah Upazila

Sullah (Shalla, also spelt Sulla, is an upazila (sub-district) of the Sunamganj District, located in Bangladesh's Sylhet Division. Its headquarters is located in Ghungiargaon.

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Sultan

Sultan (سلطان) is a position with several historical meanings.

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Sultan Balkhi

Hazrat Ibrahim Shah Sultan Balkhi (Rahmatullah Alaih) (শাহ সুলতান বলখী, شاه سلطان بلخی), also known by his sobriquet, Mahisawar (মাহিসওয়ার, ماهی سوار|Mâhi-Savâr|Fish-rider), was a 16th-century Muslim saint.

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Sultana's Dream

Sultana's Dream is a 1905 Bengali feminist utopian story in English, written by Begum Rokeya, also known as Rokeya Sahkawat Hossain, a Muslim feminist, writer and social reformer from Bengal.

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Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.

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Surendranath Banerjee

Sir Surendranath Banerjee (10 November 18486 August 1925), often known as Rashtraguru was Indian nationalist leader during the British Rule.

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Surya Sen

Surya Sen, also known as Surya Kumar Sen (22 March 189412 January 1934), was an Indian revolutionary who was influential in the independence movement against British rule in India and is best known for leading the 1930 Chittagong armoury raid.

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Sustainability

Sustainability is a social goal for people to co-exist on Earth over a long time.

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Swami Vivekananda

Swami Vivekananda (IAST: Svāmī Vivekānanda; 12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902), born Narendranath Datta, was an Indian Hindu monk, philosopher, author, religious teacher, and the chief disciple of the Indian mystic Ramakrishna. Bengalis and Swami Vivekananda are Bengali people.

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Sweets from the Indian subcontinent

Mithai (sweets) are the confectionery and desserts of the Indian subcontinent.

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Syed Muhammed Taifoor

Syed Muhammed Taifoor (সৈয়দ মোহাম্মদ তৈফুর; 3 June 1885 – 25 February 1972) was a Bangladeshi historian, antiquarian and writer.

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Syed Sultan

Syed Sultan (– 1648) was a medieval Bengali Muslim writer and poet.

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Sylhet

Sylhet (Bengali: সিলেট), is a metropolitan city located in the northeastern region of Bangladesh.

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Sylhet Division

Sylhet Division, সিলেট বিভাগ) is the northeastern division of Bangladesh. It is bordered by the Indian states of Meghalaya, Assam and Tripura to the north, east and south respectively, and by the divisions of Chittagong to the southwest and Dhaka and Mymensingh to the west. Prior to the Partition in 1947, it included Karimganj subdivision (presently in Barak Valley, Assam, India).

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Sylheti language

Sylheti (Sylheti Nagri:, síloṭi,; সিলেটি, sileṭi) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by an estimated 11 million people, primarily in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh, Barak Valley of Assam, and northern parts of Tripura in India.

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Sylhetis

The Sylheti or Sylhetis are an Indo-Aryan ethnocultural group that are associated with the Sylhet region (Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Karimganj district of Assam, India). Bengalis and Sylhetis are ethnic groups in Bangladesh, ethnic groups in India and indo-Aryan peoples.

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Syria

Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.

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Tajikistan

Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia.

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Tapan Sinha

Tapan Sinha (2 October 1924 – 15 January 2009) was one of the most prominent Indian film directors of his time forming a legendary quartet with Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak and Mrinal Sen.

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Taqiyah (cap)

The Taqiyah (طاقية, ALA-LC: ṭāqīyahTurkish: "takke", Urdu, Hindi "topi", टोपी ٹوپی, ALA-LC: "ṭopī", টুপি, ṭupi, Somali: "Koofi")), also known as tagiyah or araqchin, is a short, rounded skullcap worn by Muslim men. In the United States and the United Kingdom, it is also referred to as a "kufi", although the Kufi typically has more of an African connotation.

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Team sport

A team sport is a type of sport where the fundamental nature of the game or sport requires the participation of multiple individuals working together as a team, and it is inherently impossible or highly impractical to execute the sport as a single-player endeavour.

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Terracotta

Terracotta, also known as terra cotta or terra-cotta, is a clay-based non-vitreous ceramicOED, "Terracotta";, MFA Boston, "Cameo" database fired at relatively low temperatures.

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Text-to-image model

A text-to-image model is a machine learning model which takes an input natural language description and produces an image matching that description.

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Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution

Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution was centred in south Lancashire and the towns on both sides of the Pennines in the United Kingdom.

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Textile manufacturing

Textile manufacturing or textile engineering is a major industry.

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The arts

The arts or creative arts are a vast range of human practices of creative expression, storytelling, and cultural participation.

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The Asiatic Society

The Asiatic Society is a Government of India organisation founded during the Company rule in India to enhance and further the cause of "Oriental research" (in this case, research into India and the surrounding regions).

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The Daily Star (Bangladesh)

The Daily Star is a Bangladeshi English-language daily newspaper.

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The Hindu

The Hindu is an Indian English-language daily newspaper owned by The Hindu Group, headquartered in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

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The Home and the World

The Home and the World (in the original Bengali, ঘরে বাইরে Ghôre Baire or Ghare Baire, lit. "At home and outside") is a 1916 novel by Rabindranath Tagore. Bengalis and the Home and the World are Bengali-language literature.

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The Meadows of Gold

Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems (مُرُوج ٱلذَّهَب وَمَعَادِن ٱلْجَوْهَر.) is a 10th century history book by an Abbasid scholar al-Masudi.

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The World Factbook

The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.

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Thermal ionization

Thermal ionization, also known as surface ionization or contact ionization, is a physical process whereby the atoms are desorbed from a hot surface, and in the process are ionized.

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Thomas Trautmann

Thomas Roger Trautmann is an American historian, cultural anthropologist, and Professor Emeritus of History and Anthropology at the University of Michigan.

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Tibet

Tibet (Böd), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about.

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Tibetan Empire

The Tibetan Empire was an empire centered on the Tibetan Plateau, formed as a result of imperial expansion under the Yarlung dynasty heralded by its 33rd king, Songtsen Gampo, in the 7th century.

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Tilopa

Tilopa (Prakrit; Sanskrit: Talika or Tilopadā; 988–1069) was an Indian Buddhist tantric mahasiddha who lived along the Ganges River.

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Tipu Shah

Tipu Shah (টিপু শাহ; died 1852) was the second leader of the mystic Pagal Panthi Order in Mymensingh (present-day Bangladesh).

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Titash Ekti Nadir Naam

Titash Ekti Nadir Naam (তিতাস একটি নদীর নাম), or A River Called Titas, is a 1973 Indian-Bangladeshi film directed by Ritwik Ghatak.

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Titumir

Syed Mir Nisar Ali (27 January 1782 – 19 November 1831), better known as Titumir (তিতুমীর), was a Bengali revolutionary, who developed a strand of Muslim nationalism coupled with agrarian and political consciousness.

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Tripura

Tripura is a state in Northeast India.

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Tunisia

Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is the northernmost country in Africa.

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Turkic peoples

The Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West, Central, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.

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Ulama

In Islam, the ulama (the learned ones; singular ʿālim; feminine singular alimah; plural aalimath), also spelled ulema, are scholars of Islamic doctrine and law.

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Undivided Goalpara district

The Undivided Goalpara district is an erstwhile district of Assam, India, first constituted by the British rulers of Colonial Assam.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.

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UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists

UNESCO established its Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage with the aim of ensuring better protection of important intangible cultural heritages worldwide and the awareness of their significance.

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Union territory

A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India.

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United Bengal

United Bengal was a proposal to transform Bengal Province into an undivided, sovereign state at the time of the Partition of India in 1947.

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United News of Bangladesh

United News of Bangladesh (ইউনাইটেড নিউজ অব বাংলাদেশ, UNB/ইউএনবি) is a Bangladesh private sector news agency established in 1988.

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University of Burdwan

The University of Burdwan (also known as Burdwan University or B. U.) is a public collegiate state university located in Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India.

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University of Chicago Press

The University of Chicago Press is the university press of the University of Chicago, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.

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University of Dhaka

The University of Dhaka (Ḍhākā biśbabidyālaẏa; also known as Dhaka University or DU) is a public research university located in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

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University of Manchester

The University of Manchester is a public research university in Manchester, England.

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University of Michigan

The University of Michigan (U-M, UMich, or simply Michigan) is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

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University of Virginia

The University of Virginia (UVA) is a public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia, United States.

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Usman Serajuddin

ʿUthmān Sirāj ad-Dīn al-Bangālī (عثمان سراج الدين البنغالي; 1258-1357), known affectionately by followers as Akhi Siraj (আখি সিরাজ), was a 14th-century Bengali Muslim scholar.

See Bengalis and Usman Serajuddin

Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand, formerly known as Uttaranchal (the official name until 2007), is a state in northern India.

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Vaishnavism

Vaishnavism (translit-std) is one of the major Hindu denominations along with Shaivism, Shaktism, and Smartism.

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Vaishya

Vaishya (Sanskrit: वैश्य, vaiśya) is one of the four varnas of the Vedic Hindu social order in India.

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Vanga Kingdom

Vaṅga was an ancient kingdom and geopolitical division within the Ganges delta in the Indian subcontinent. Bengalis and Vanga Kingdom are indo-Aryan peoples.

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Varendra

Varendra (বরেন্দ্র), also known as Barind (বারিন্দ), was an ancient and historical territory of Northern Bengal, now mostly in Bangladesh and a little portion in the Indian state of West Bengal and Eastern Bihar.

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Varna (Hinduism)

Varṇa (वर्ण), in the context of Hinduism, refers to a social class within a hierarchical traditional Hindu society.

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Vedanta

Vedanta (वेदान्त), also known as Uttara Mīmāṃsā, is one of the six orthodox (''āstika'') traditions of textual exegesis and Hindu philosophy.

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Vedas

The Vedas are ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism. Above: A page from the ''Atharvaveda''. The Vedas are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India.

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Victorian era

In the history of the United Kingdom and the British Empire, the Victorian era was the reign of Queen Victoria, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.

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Vikramashila

Vikramashila (IAST) was a monastery in the Magadha region of modern-day Bihar in India.

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Walima

Walima (translit), or the wedding reception banquet, is the second of the two traditional parts of an Islamic wedding.

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Wari-Bateshwar ruins

The Wari-Bateshwar (উয়ারী-বটেশ্বর,Uari-Bôṭeshshor) ruins in Narsingdi, Dhaka Division, Bangladesh is one of the oldest urban archaeological sites in Bangladesh.

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Welfare economics

Welfare economics is a field of economics that applies microeconomic techniques to evaluate the overall well-being (welfare) of a society.

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Well-being

Well-being, or wellbeing, also known as wellness, prudential value, prosperity or quality of life, is what is intrinsically valuable relative to someone.

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West Bengal

West Bengal (Bengali: Poshchim Bongo,, abbr. WB) is a state in the eastern portion of India.

See Bengalis and West Bengal

William Pitt the Younger

William Pitt (28 May 1759 – 23 January 1806) was a British statesman, the youngest and last prime minister of Great Britain from 1783 until the Acts of Union 1800, and then first prime minister of the United Kingdom from January 1801.

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Willis Tower

The Willis Tower, originally and still commonly referred to as the Sears Tower, is a 110-story, skyscraper in the Loop community area of Chicago in Illinois, United States.

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Yemen

Yemen (al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen, is a sovereign state in West Asia.

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Yoda Press

Yoda Press is a publishing house in India, with its headquarters located at Shahpur Jat, Siri Fort, New Delhi.

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Yoga

Yoga (lit) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India and aim to control (yoke) and still the mind, recognizing a detached witness-consciousness untouched by the mind (Chitta) and mundane suffering (Duḥkha).

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Yogurt

Yogurt (from; also spelled yoghurt, yogourt or yoghourt) is a food produced by bacterial fermentation of milk.

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Zamindars of Bengal

The Zamindars of Bengal were zamindars (hereditary landlords) of the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent (now divided between Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal).

See Bengalis and Zamindars of Bengal

Zohurul Hoque

Zohurul Hoque (জহূরুল হক; 11 October 1926 – 18 January 2017) was a Bengali Islamic scholar and doctor known for his translations of the Qur'an into the Bengali, Assamese and English languages.

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2019 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences

The 2019 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded jointly to the economist couple Abhijit Banerjee (born 1961), Esther Duflo-Banerjee (born 1972) and their colleague Michael Kremer (born 1964) "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty".

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24 Parganas

24 Parganas district (cabbiś pargaṇā jēlā) is a former district of the Indian state of West Bengal.

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See also

Bangladeshi people

Collectivism

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalis

Also known as Bangali, Bengali diaspora, Bengali people, Bengali people in India, Bengalis in India, Ethnic Bengali, Indian Bengali, Indian Bengalis, The Bengali people.

, Bangal, Bangla O Bangali, Bangladesh, Bangladesh Liberation War, Bangladeshi Australians, Bangladeshi Canadians, Bangladeshis, Bangladeshis in Italy, Bangladeshis in Japan, Bangladeshis in Malaysia, Bangladeshis in the Maldives, Bangladeshis in the Middle East, Banglapedia, Barak Valley, Barisal Division, Baro-Bhuyan, Barua people, Basil, Battle of Plassey, Battle of Shamli, Bay of Bengal, BBC, Begum Rokeya, Bengal, Bengal Army, Bengal famine of 1943, Bengal Presidency, Bengal Renaissance, Bengal Subah, Bengal Sultanate, Bengali alphabet, Bengali Americans, Bengali Brahmin, Bengali Buddhists, Bengali calendars, Bengali Christians, Bengali cuisine, Bengali dialects, Bengali Hindus, Bengali language, Bengali literature, Bengali Muslims, Bengali nationalism, Bengali science fiction, Bengalis in Pakistan, Betel nut chewing, Bharat Ratna, Bihar, Bihari languages, Biologist, Bipin Chandra Pal, Biryani, Bishad Shindhu, Blasphemy, Bloomsbury Publishing, Borhani, Bose–Einstein condensate, Bose–Einstein statistics, Boson, Botany, Bou Bhat, Brahmin, Brahmo Samaj, Brass, Brick Lane, British Asians, British Bangladeshis, British Empire, British Film Institute, British Guiana, British Raj, Buddhism, Burhanpur, Burmese Indians, Butthan, Calcutta Football League, Cambridge University Press, Cardamom, Carrom, Cellular Jail, Celtic F.C., Census of India, Chaas, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Chalanbeel Horse Race, Chalcolithic, Chandra dynasty, Chandraketugarh, Charyapada, Chess, Chhattisgarh, Chhau dance, Chhau mask, Child marriage, Child marriage in India, Chingri malai curry, Chinnamul, Chittagong, Chittagong District, Chittagong Division, Chittagonian language, Chittaranjan Das, Chola dynasty, Chowdhury Abu Torab Khan, Cinematography, Common Era, Company rule in India, Conquest of Sylhet, Constitution of Bangladesh, Contact sport, Cox's Bazar District, Crescograph, Cricket, Cymbal, Dacope Upazila, Date juice, Daulat Qazi, Dawlat Wazir Bahram Khan, Debendra Mohan Bose, Decision theory, Deep learning, Delhi, Development economics, Dhaka, Dhaka Division, Dhaka Tribune, Dhakaiyas, Dharmapala of Bengal, Dhoti, Diaspora, Dighapatia Raj, Dihar (archaeological site), Din-i Ilahi, Doodh pati chai, Dover Publications, Dua, Dudu Miyan, Duke of York, Duke University Press, Dupatta, Durand Cup, Durham, England, Dutch East India Company, Dvija, East Bengal FC, East India Company, East London, East Pakistan, Eastern Bengali, Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, Economic justice, Eid al-Adha, Eid al-Fitr, Elite Daily, Emad Mostaque, Encyclopædia Britannica, Endonym and exonym, England national football team, Esther Duflo, Ethnic enclave, Ethnolinguistic group, Ethnonym, Falooda, Famine, Famine in India, Faraizi movement, Fazlur Rahman Khan, Feni District, Firishta, Fish as food, Folklore, French cuisine, Frontline (magazine), Gamcha, Gangaridai, Ganges, Gauḍa (city), Gaye holud, George III, Ghazi Burhanuddin, Ghoti people, Ghulam Husain Salim, Gopala I, Government of India, 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