Benzodiazepine overdose, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 95 relations: Activated carbon, Acute toxicity, Addiction, Agonist, Alcohol (drug), Alcoholism, Alprazolam, Anterograde amnesia, Anticholinergic, Anticonvulsant, Antidote, Antihistamine, Antipsychotic, Anxiety, Apnea, Ataxia, Atropine, Auckland, Barbiturate, Benzodiazepine, Binding site, Blood pressure, Boxed warning, Bradycardia, Brainstem, Cardiac arrest, Catecholamine, Central nervous system, Central nervous system depression, Clearance (pharmacology), Coma, Death certificate, Delirium, Depressant, Diazepam, Diplopia, Distribution (pharmacology), Diuresis, Dopamine, Drug overdose, Drug tolerance, DrugBank, Electrocardiography, Emergency medicine, Evoked potential, Fluid replacement, Flumazenil, Flunitrazepam, Flurazepam, Food and Drug Administration, ... Expand index (45 more) »

Activated carbon

Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon commonly used to filter contaminants from water and air, among many other uses.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Activated carbon

Acute toxicity

Acute toxicity describes the adverse effects of a substance that result either from a single exposure or from multiple exposures in a short period of time (usually less than 24 hours).

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Acute toxicity

Addiction

Addiction is a neuropsychological disorder characterized by a persistent and intense urge to use a drug or engage in a behavior that produces natural reward, despite substantial harm and other negative consequences.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Addiction

Agonist

An agonist is a chemical that activates a receptor to produce a biological response.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Agonist

Alcohol (drug)

Alcohol, sometimes referred to by the chemical name ethanol, is one of the most widely used and abused psychoactive drugs in the world and falls under the depressant category.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Alcohol (drug)

Alcoholism

Alcoholism is the continued drinking of alcohol despite it causing problems.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Alcoholism

Alprazolam

Alprazolam, sold under the brand name Xanax and others, is a fast-acting, potent tranquilizer of moderate duration within the triazolobenzodiazepine group of chemicals called benzodiazepines.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Alprazolam

Anterograde amnesia

In neurology, anterograde amnesia is the inability to create new memories after an event that caused amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from before the event remain intact.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Anterograde amnesia

Anticholinergic

Anticholinergics (anticholinergic agents) are substances that block the action of the acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter at synapses in the central and peripheral nervous system.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Anticholinergic

Anticonvulsant

Anticonvulsants (also known as antiepileptic drugs, antiseizure drugs, or anti-seizure medications (ASM)) are a diverse group of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of epileptic seizures.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Anticonvulsant

Antidote

An antidote is a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Antidote

Antihistamine

Antihistamines are drugs which treat allergic rhinitis, common cold, influenza, and other allergies.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Antihistamine

Antipsychotic

Antipsychotics, previously known as neuroleptics and major tranquilizers, are a class of psychotropic medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia but also in a range of other psychotic disorders.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Antipsychotic

Anxiety

Anxiety is an emotion which is characterised by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes feelings of dread over anticipated events.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Anxiety

Apnea

Apnea, BrE: apnoea, is the temporary cessation of breathing.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Apnea

Ataxia

Ataxia (from Greek α- + -τάξις.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Ataxia

Atropine

Atropine is a tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic medication used to treat certain types of nerve agent and pesticide poisonings as well as some types of slow heart rate, and to decrease saliva production during surgery.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Atropine

Auckland

Auckland (Tāmaki Makaurau) is a large metropolitan city in the North Island of New Zealand. It has an urban population of about It is located in the greater Auckland Region, the area governed by Auckland Council, which includes outlying rural areas and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf, and which has a total population of as of It is the most populous city of New Zealand and the fifth largest city in Oceania.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Auckland

Barbiturate

Barbiturates are a class of depressant drugs that are chemically derived from barbituric acid.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Barbiturate

Benzodiazepine

Benzodiazepines (BZD, BDZ, BZs), colloquially called "benzos", are a class of depressant drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Benzodiazepine

Binding site

In biochemistry and molecular biology, a binding site is a region on a macromolecule such as a protein that binds to another molecule with specificity.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Binding site

Blood pressure

Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Blood pressure

Boxed warning

In the United States, a boxed warning (sometimes "black box warning", colloquially) is a type of warning that appears near the beginning of the package insert for certain prescription drugs, so called because the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specifies that it is formatted with a 'box' or border around the text to emphasize it is of utmost importance.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Boxed warning

Bradycardia

Bradycardia, also called bradyarrhythmia, is a resting heart rate under 60 beats per minute (BPM).

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Bradycardia

Brainstem

The brainstem (or brain stem) is the stalk-like part of the brain that connects the forebrain (the cerebrum and diencephalon) with the spinal cord.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Brainstem

Cardiac arrest

Cardiac arrest, also known as sudden cardiac arrest, is when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Cardiac arrest

Catecholamine

A catecholamine (abbreviated CA) is a monoamine neurotransmitter, an organic compound that has a catechol (benzene with two hydroxyl side groups next to each other) and a side-chain amine.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Catecholamine

Central nervous system

The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Central nervous system

Central nervous system depression

Central nervous system (CNS) depression is a physiological state that can result in a decreased rate of breathing, decreased heart rate, and loss of consciousness, possibly leading to coma or death.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Central nervous system depression

Clearance (pharmacology)

In pharmacology, clearance (Cl_) is a pharmacokinetic parameter representing the efficiency of drug elimination.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Clearance (pharmacology)

Coma

A coma is a deep state of prolonged unconsciousness in which a person cannot be awakened, fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light, or sound, lacks a normal wake-sleep cycle and does not initiate voluntary actions.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Coma

Death certificate

A death certificate is either a legal document issued by a medical practitioner which states when a person died, or a document issued by a government civil registration office, that declares the date, location and cause of a person's death, as entered in an official register of deaths.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Death certificate

Delirium

Delirium (formerly acute confusional state, an ambiguous term which is now discouraged) is a specific state of acute confusion attributable to the direct physiological consequence of a medical condition, effects of a psychoactive substance, or multiple causes, which usually develops over the course of hours to days.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Delirium

Depressant

Colloquially known as "downers", depressants or central nervous system (CNS) depressants are drugs that lower neurotransmission levels, decrease the electrical activity of brain cells, or reduce arousal or stimulation in various areas of the brain.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Depressant

Diazepam

Diazepam, sold under the brand name Valium among others, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that acts as an anxiolytic.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Diazepam

Diplopia

Diplopia is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object that may be displaced horizontally or vertically in relation to each other.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Diplopia

Distribution (pharmacology)

Distribution in pharmacology is a branch of pharmacokinetics which describes the reversible transfer of a drug from one location to another within the body.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Distribution (pharmacology)

Diuresis

Diuresis is the excretion of urine, especially when excessive (polyuria).

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Diuresis

Dopamine

Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Dopamine

Drug overdose

A drug overdose (overdose or OD) is the ingestion or application of a drug or other substance in quantities much greater than are recommended.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Drug overdose

Drug tolerance

Drug tolerance or drug insensitivity is a pharmacological concept describing subjects' reduced reaction to a drug following its repeated use.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Drug tolerance

DrugBank

The DrugBank database is a comprehensive, freely accessible, online database containing information on drugs and drug targets created and maintained by the University of Alberta and The Metabolomics Innovation Centre located in Alberta, Canada.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and DrugBank

Electrocardiography

Electrocardiography is the process of producing an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), a recording of the heart's electrical activity through repeated cardiac cycles.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Electrocardiography

Emergency medicine

Emergency medicine is the medical speciality concerned with the care of illnesses or injuries requiring immediate medical attention.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Emergency medicine

Evoked potential

An evoked potential or evoked response is an electrical potential in a specific pattern recorded from a specific part of the nervous system, especially the brain, of a human or other animals following presentation of a stimulus such as a light flash or a pure tone.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Evoked potential

Fluid replacement

Fluid replacement or fluid resuscitation is the medical practice of replenishing bodily fluid lost through sweating, bleeding, fluid shifts or other pathologic processes.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Fluid replacement

Flumazenil

Flumazenil (also known as flumazepil, code name Ro 15-1788) is a selective GABAA receptor antagonist administered via injection, otic insertion, or intranasally.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Flumazenil

Flunitrazepam

Flunitrazepam, sold under the brand name Rohypnol among others, is a benzodiazepine used to treat severe insomnia and assist with anesthesia.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Flunitrazepam

Flurazepam

Flurazepam (marketed under the brand names Dalmane and Dalmadorm) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Flurazepam

Food and Drug Administration

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Food and Drug Administration

GABA

GABA (gamma Aminobutyric acid, γ-Aminobutyric acid) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian central nervous system.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and GABA

Gas chromatography

Gas chromatography (GC) is a common type of chromatography used in analytical chemistry for separating and analyzing compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Gas chromatography

Gastric lavage

Gastric lavage, also commonly called stomach pumping or gastric irrigation, is the process of cleaning out the contents of the stomach using a tube.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Gastric lavage

Glasgow Coma Scale

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a clinical scale used to reliably measure a person's level of consciousness after a brain injury.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Glasgow Coma Scale

Half-life

Half-life (symbol) is the time required for a quantity (of substance) to reduce to half of its initial value.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Half-life

Hallucination

A hallucination is a perception in the absence of an external stimulus that has the compelling sense of reality.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Hallucination

Heart rate

Heart rate is the frequency of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute (beats per minute, or bpm).

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Heart rate

Hemodialysis

Hemodialysis, also spelled haemodialysis, or simply dialysis, is a process of filtering the blood of a person whose kidneys are not working normally.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Hemodialysis

Hemodynamics

Hemodynamics or haemodynamics are the dynamics of blood flow.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Hemodynamics

Hemoperfusion

Hemoperfusion or hæmoperfusion (see spelling differences) is a method of filtering the blood extracorporeally (that is, outside the body) to remove a toxin.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Hemoperfusion

Hypotension

Hypotension, also known as low blood pressure, is a cardiovascular condition characterized by abnormally reduced blood pressure.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Hypotension

Hypothermia

Hypothermia is defined as a body core temperature below in humans.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Hypothermia

Hypotonia

Hypotonia is a state of low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to stretch in a muscle), often involving reduced muscle strength.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Hypotonia

Hypoventilation

Hypoventilation (also known as respiratory depression) occurs when ventilation is inadequate (hypo meaning "below") to perform needed respiratory gas exchange.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Hypoventilation

Hypoxemia

Hypoxemia is an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Hypoxemia

Intubation

Intubation (sometimes entubation) is a medical procedure involving the insertion of a tube into the body.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Intubation

Lipophilicity

Lipophilicity (from Greek λίπος "fat" and φίλος "friendly") is the ability of a chemical compound to dissolve in fats, oils, lipids, and non-polar solvents such as hexane or toluene.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Lipophilicity

Manner of death

In many legal jurisdictions, the manner of death is a determination, typically made by the coroner, medical examiner, police, or similar officials, and recorded as a vital statistic.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Manner of death

Mass spectrometry

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Mass spectrometry

Medical toxicology

Medical toxicology is a subspecialty of medicine focusing on toxicology and providing the diagnosis, management, and prevention of poisoning and other adverse effects due to medications, occupational and environmental toxicants, and biological agents.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Medical toxicology

National Institute on Drug Abuse

The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is a United States federal government research institute whose mission is to "advance science on the causes and consequences of drug use and addiction and to apply that knowledge to improve individual and public health." The institute has conducted an in-depth study of addiction according to its biological, behavioral and social components.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and National Institute on Drug Abuse

Nausea

Nausea is a diffuse sensation of unease and discomfort, sometimes perceived as an urge to vomit.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Nausea

New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and New Zealand

Nitrazepam

Nitrazepam, sold under the brand name Mogadon among others, is a hypnotic drug of the benzodiazepine class used for short-term relief from severe, disabling anxiety and insomnia.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Nitrazepam

Norepinephrine

Norepinephrine (NE), also called noradrenaline (NA) or noradrenalin, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as a hormone, neurotransmitter and neuromodulator.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Norepinephrine

Opioid

Opioids are a class of drugs that derive from, or mimic, natural substances found in the opium poppy plant.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Opioid

Psychomotor agitation

Psychomotor agitation is a symptom in various disorders and health conditions.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Psychomotor agitation

Pulmonary aspiration

Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of material such as pharyngeal secretions, food or drink, or stomach contents from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract, into the larynx (voice box) and lower respiratory tract, the portions of the respiratory system from the trachea (windpipe) to the lungs.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Pulmonary aspiration

QRS complex

The QRS complex is the combination of three of the graphical deflections seen on a typical electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG).

See Benzodiazepine overdose and QRS complex

Radioimmunoassay

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) is an immunoassay that uses radiolabeled molecules in a stepwise formation of immune complexes.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Radioimmunoassay

Receptor antagonist

A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Receptor antagonist

Sedative

A sedative or tranquilliser is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Sedative

Seizure threshold

The term seizure threshold is used to describe the balance between excitatory (glutaminergic) and inhibitory (GABA-ergic) forces in the brain which affect how susceptible a person is to seizures.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Seizure threshold

Somnolence

Somnolence (alternatively sleepiness or drowsiness) is a state of strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (compare hypersomnia).

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Somnolence

Substance abuse

Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is the use of a drug in amounts or by methods that are harmful to the individual or others.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Substance abuse

Suicide

Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Suicide

Tachycardia

Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Tachycardia

Temazepam

Temazepam, sold under the brand name Restoril among others, is a medication of the benzodiazepine class which is generally used to treat severe or debilitating insomnia.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Temazepam

Therapeutic index

The therapeutic index (TI; also referred to as therapeutic ratio) is a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Therapeutic index

Thin-layer chromatography

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique that separates components in non-volatile mixtures.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Thin-layer chromatography

Toxicology

Toxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Toxicology

Tricyclic antidepressant

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Tricyclic antidepressant

Vital signs

Vital signs (also known as vitals) are a group of the four to six most crucial medical signs that indicate the status of the body's vital (life-sustaining) functions.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Vital signs

Whole bowel irrigation

Whole bowel irrigation (WBI) is a medical process involving the rapid administration of large volumes of an osmotically balanced macrogol solution (GoLYTELY, CoLyte), either orally or via a nasogastric tube, to flush out the entire gastrointestinal tract.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Whole bowel irrigation

Zopiclone

--> Zopiclone, sold under the brand name Imovane among others, is a nonbenzodiazepine used to treat difficulty sleeping.

See Benzodiazepine overdose and Zopiclone

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine_overdose

Also known as Benzo overdose, Benzodiazepine overdoses, Poisoning by benzodiazepine-based tranquilizers.

, GABA, Gas chromatography, Gastric lavage, Glasgow Coma Scale, Half-life, Hallucination, Heart rate, Hemodialysis, Hemodynamics, Hemoperfusion, Hypotension, Hypothermia, Hypotonia, Hypoventilation, Hypoxemia, Intubation, Lipophilicity, Manner of death, Mass spectrometry, Medical toxicology, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Nausea, New Zealand, Nitrazepam, Norepinephrine, Opioid, Psychomotor agitation, Pulmonary aspiration, QRS complex, Radioimmunoassay, Receptor antagonist, Sedative, Seizure threshold, Somnolence, Substance abuse, Suicide, Tachycardia, Temazepam, Therapeutic index, Thin-layer chromatography, Toxicology, Tricyclic antidepressant, Vital signs, Whole bowel irrigation, Zopiclone.