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Benzodiazepine use disorder, the Glossary

Benzodiazepine use disorder (BUD), also called misuse or abuse, is the use of benzodiazepines without a prescription and/or for recreational purposes, which poses risks of dependence, withdrawal and other long-term effects.^[1]

90 relations: Abscess, Addiction (journal), Addiction medicine, Alcohol (drug), Alcoholism, Alprazolam, Amnesia, Amphetamine, Anorexia (symptom), Anxiety, Barbiturate, Benzodiazepine, Benzodiazepine dependence, Benzodiazepine overdose, Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome, Biological half-life, Blackout (drug-related amnesia), Bromazepam, Central Narcotics Bureau, Chlordiazepoxide, Clonazepam, Clorazepate, Convulsion, Crime, Cross-tolerance, Deep vein thrombosis, Depressant, Depression (mood), Derealization, Deviance (sociology), Diazepam, Dizziness, Drug prohibition, Drug tolerance, Drug withdrawal, Drug-facilitated sexual assault, Drug-related crime, Effects of long-term benzodiazepine use, Embolism, Estazolam, Etizolam, Fasciculation, Flunitrazepam, Flurazepam, Gangrene, Hallucination, Hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, Hour, Insomnia, ... Expand index (40 more) »

Abscess

An abscess is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body.

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Addiction (journal)

Addiction is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1903 by the Society for the Study of Addiction to Alcohol and other Drugs as the British Journal of Inebriety.

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Addiction medicine

Addiction medicine is a medical subspecialty that deals with the diagnosis, prevention, evaluation, treatment, and recovery of persons with addiction, of those with substance-related and addictive disorders, and of people who show unhealthy use of substances including alcohol, nicotine, prescription medicine and other illicit and licit drugs. Benzodiazepine use disorder and addiction medicine are substance-related disorders.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Addiction medicine

Alcohol (drug)

Alcohol, sometimes referred to by the chemical name ethanol, is one of the most widely used and abused psychoactive drugs in the world and falls under the depressant category.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Alcohol (drug)

Alcoholism

Alcoholism is the continued drinking of alcohol despite it causing problems. Benzodiazepine use disorder and Alcoholism are substance dependence and substance-related disorders.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Alcoholism

Alprazolam

Alprazolam, sold under the brand name Xanax and others, is a fast-acting, potent tranquilizer of moderate duration within the triazolobenzodiazepine group of chemicals called benzodiazepines.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Alprazolam

Amnesia

Amnesia is a deficit in memory caused by brain damage or brain diseases,Gazzaniga, M., Ivry, R., & Mangun, G. (2009) Cognitive Neuroscience: The biology of the mind.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Amnesia

Amphetamine

Amphetamine (contracted from alpha-methylphenethylamine) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity.

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Anorexia (symptom)

Anorexia is a medical term for a loss of appetite.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Anorexia (symptom)

Anxiety

Anxiety is an emotion which is characterised by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes feelings of dread over anticipated events.

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Barbiturate

Barbiturates are a class of depressant drugs that are chemically derived from barbituric acid.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Barbiturate

Benzodiazepine

Benzodiazepines (BZD, BDZ, BZs), colloquially called "benzos", are a class of depressant drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Benzodiazepine

Benzodiazepine dependence

Benzodiazepine dependence (BZD dependence) defines a situation in which one has developed one or more of either tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, drug seeking behaviors, such as continued use despite harmful effects, and maladaptive pattern of substance use, according to the DSM-IV. Benzodiazepine use disorder and Benzodiazepine dependence are substance dependence.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Benzodiazepine dependence

Benzodiazepine overdose

Benzodiazepine overdose (BZD OD) describes the ingestion of one of the drugs in the benzodiazepine class in quantities greater than are recommended or generally practiced.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Benzodiazepine overdose

Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome

Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome (BZD withdrawal) is the cluster of signs and symptoms that may emerge when a person who has been taking benzodiazepines as prescribed develops a physical dependence on them and then reduces the dose or stops taking them without a safe taper schedule. Benzodiazepine use disorder and benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome are substance dependence.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome

Biological half-life

Biological half-life (elimination half-life, pharmacological half-life) is the time taken for concentration of a biological substance (such as a medication) to decrease from its maximum concentration (Cmax) to half of Cmax in the blood plasma.

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A drug-related blackout is a phenomenon caused by the intake of any substance or medication in which short-term and long-term memory creation is impaired, therefore causing a complete inability to recall the past. Benzodiazepine use disorder and blackout (drug-related amnesia) are substance-related disorders.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Blackout (drug-related amnesia)

Bromazepam

Bromazepam, sold under many brand names, is a benzodiazepine.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Bromazepam

Central Narcotics Bureau

The Central Narcotics Bureau (中央肃毒局) or CNB is a department under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) tasked to combat drug trafficking and distribution and is responsible for coordinating all matters pertaining to drug eradication in Singapore.

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Chlordiazepoxide

Chlordiazepoxide, trade name Librium among others, is a sedative and hypnotic medication of the benzodiazepine class; it is used to treat anxiety, insomnia and symptoms of withdrawal from alcohol, benzodiazepines, and other drugs.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Chlordiazepoxide

Clonazepam

Clonazepam, sold under the brand names Klonopin and Rivotril, is a medication used to prevent and treat anxiety disorders, seizures, bipolar mania, agitation associated with psychosis, OCD and akathisia.

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Clorazepate

Clorazepate, sold under the brand name Tranxene among others, is a benzodiazepine medication.

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Convulsion

A convulsion is a medical condition where the body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in uncontrolled shaking.

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Crime

In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority.

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Cross-tolerance

Cross-tolerance is a phenomenon that occurs when tolerance to the effects of a certain drug produces tolerance to another drug.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Cross-tolerance

Deep vein thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a type of venous thrombosis involving the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, most commonly in the legs or pelvis.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Deep vein thrombosis

Depressant

Colloquially known as "downers", depressants or central nervous system (CNS) depressants are drugs that lower neurotransmission levels, decrease the electrical activity of brain cells, or reduce arousal or stimulation in various areas of the brain.

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Depression (mood)

Depression is a mental state of low mood and aversion to activity.

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Derealization

Derealization is an alteration in the perception of the external world, causing those with the condition to perceive it as unreal, distant, distorted or in other words falsified.

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Deviance (sociology)

Deviance or the sociology of deviance explores the actions and/or behaviors that violate social norms across formally enacted rules (e.g., crime) as well as informal violations of social norms (e.g., rejecting folkways and mores).

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Diazepam

Diazepam, sold under the brand name Valium among others, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that acts as an anxiolytic.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Diazepam

Dizziness

Dizziness is an imprecise term that can refer to a sense of disorientation in space, vertigo, or lightheadedness.

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Drug prohibition

The prohibition of drugs through sumptuary legislation or religious law is a common means of attempting to prevent the recreational use of certain intoxicating substances.

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Drug tolerance

Drug tolerance or drug insensitivity is a pharmacological concept describing subjects' reduced reaction to a drug following its repeated use. Benzodiazepine use disorder and drug tolerance are substance dependence.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Drug tolerance

Drug withdrawal

Drug withdrawal, drug withdrawal syndrome, or substance withdrawal syndrome, is the group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in the intake of pharmaceutical or recreational drugs. Benzodiazepine use disorder and drug withdrawal are substance-related disorders.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Drug withdrawal

Drug-facilitated sexual assault

Drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) is a sexual assault (rape or otherwise) carried out on a person after the person has become intoxicated due to being under the influence of any mind-altering substances, such as having consumed alcohol or been intentionally administered another date rape drug.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Drug-facilitated sexual assault

A drug-related crime is a crime to possess, manufacture, or distribute drugs classified as having a potential for abuse (such as cocaine, heroin, morphine and amphetamines).

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Effects of long-term benzodiazepine use

The effects of long-term benzodiazepine use include drug dependence as well as the possibility of adverse effects on cognitive function, physical health, and mental health. Benzodiazepine use disorder and effects of long-term benzodiazepine use are substance dependence and substance-related disorders.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Effects of long-term benzodiazepine use

Embolism

An embolism is the lodging of an embolus, a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a blood vessel.

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Estazolam

Estazolam, sold under the brand name Prosom among others, is a tranquilizer medication of the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) class, which are benzodiazepines (BZDs) fused with a triazole ring.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Estazolam

Etizolam

Etizolam (marketed under many brand names) is a thienodiazepine derivative which is a benzodiazepine analog.

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Fasciculation

A fasciculation, or muscle twitch, is a spontaneous, involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation, involving fine muscle fibers.

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Flunitrazepam

Flunitrazepam, sold under the brand name Rohypnol among others, is a benzodiazepine used to treat severe insomnia and assist with anesthesia.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Flunitrazepam

Flurazepam

Flurazepam (marketed under the brand names Dalmane and Dalmadorm) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative.

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Gangrene

Gangrene is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply.

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Hallucination

A hallucination is a perception in the absence of an external stimulus that has the compelling sense of reality.

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Hepatitis

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue.

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HIV/AIDS

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system.

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Hour

An hour (symbol: h; also abbreviated hr) is a unit of time historically reckoned as of a day and defined contemporarily as exactly 3,600 seconds (SI).

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Insomnia

Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping.

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Intravenous therapy

Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.

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Jeffrey Dahmer

Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer (May 21, 1960 – November 28, 1994), also known as the Milwaukee Cannibal or the Milwaukee Monster, was an American serial killer and sex offender who killed and dismembered seventeen males between 1978 and 1991.

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Lorazepam

Lorazepam, sold under the brand name Ativan among others, is a benzodiazepine medication.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Lorazepam

Lung

The lungs are the central organs of the respiratory system in humans and some other animals, including tetrapods, some snails and a small number of fish.

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Medical prescription

A prescription, often abbreviated or Rx, is a formal communication from a physician or other registered healthcare professional to a pharmacist, authorizing them to dispense a specific prescription drug for a specific patient.

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Methadone

Methadone, sold under the brand names Dolophine and Methadose among others, is a synthetic opioid agonist used for chronic pain and also for opioid use disorder.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Methadone

Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Methamphetamine

Midazolam

Midazolam, sold under the brand name Versed among others, is a benzodiazepine medication used for anesthesia, premedication before surgical anesthesia, and procedural sedation, and to treat severe agitation.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Midazolam

Myalgia

Myalgia or muscle pain is a painful sensation evolving from muscle tissue.

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Nasal administration

Nasal administration, popularly known as snorting, is a route of administration in which drugs are insufflated through the nose.

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Nausea

Nausea is a diffuse sensation of unease and discomfort, sometimes perceived as an urge to vomit.

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Necrosis

Necrosis is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis.

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Nepal

Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia.

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Nimetazepam (marketed under brand name Erimin and Lavol) is an intermediate-acting hypnotic drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative.

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Nitrazepam

Nitrazepam, sold under the brand name Mogadon among others, is a hypnotic drug of the benzodiazepine class used for short-term relief from severe, disabling anxiety and insomnia.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Nitrazepam

Nonbenzodiazepine

Nonbenzodiazepines, sometimes referred to colloquially as Z-drugs (as many of their names begin with the letter "z"), are a class of psychoactive, depressant, sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic drugs that are benzodiazepine-like in uses, such as for treating insomnia and anxiety.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Nonbenzodiazepine

Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann; Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland that is variously described as a country, province or region.

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Opiate

An opiate is an alkaloid substance derived from opium (or poppy straw).

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Opioid

Opioids are a class of drugs that derive from, or mimic, natural substances found in the opium poppy plant.

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Paranoia

Paranoia is an instinct or thought process that is believed to be heavily influenced by anxiety, suspicion, or fear, often to the point of delusion and irrationality.

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Paresthesia

Paresthesia is an abnormal sensation of the skin (tingling, pricking, chilling, burning, numbness) with no apparent physical cause.

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Physical dependence

Physical dependence is a physical condition caused by chronic use of a tolerance-forming drug, in which abrupt or gradual drug withdrawal causes unpleasant physical symptoms. Benzodiazepine use disorder and physical dependence are substance dependence and substance-related disorders.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Physical dependence

Polysubstance use

Polysubstance use or poly drug use refers to the use of combined psychoactive substances.

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Prazepam

Prazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by Warner-Lambert in the 1960s.

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Psychiatry

Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of deleterious mental conditions.

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Psychosis

Psychosis is a condition of the mind or psyche that results in difficulties determining what is real and what is not real.

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Quazepam

Quazepam, sold under brand name Doral among others, is a relatively long-acting benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by the Schering Corporation in the 1970s.

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Recreational drug use

Recreational drug use is the use of one or more psychoactive drugs to induce an altered state of consciousness, either for pleasure or for some other casual purpose or pastime.

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Rhabdomyolysis

Rhabdomyolysis (shortened as rhabdo) is a condition in which damaged skeletal muscle breaks down rapidly, often due to high intensity exercise over a short period of time.

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Sedative

A sedative or tranquilliser is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement.

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Seizure

A seizure is a period of symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.

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Stimulant

Stimulants (also known as central nervous system stimulants, or psychostimulants, or colloquially as uppers) are a class of drugs that increase the activity of the brain.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Stimulant

Substance abuse

Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is the use of a drug in amounts or by methods that are harmful to the individual or others. Benzodiazepine use disorder and Substance abuse are substance-related disorders.

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Substance dependence

Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption of the drug. Benzodiazepine use disorder and substance dependence are substance-related disorders.

See Benzodiazepine use disorder and Substance dependence

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine_use_disorder

Also known as Benzodiazepine abuse, Benzodiazepine drug abuse, Benzodiazepine drug misuse, Benzodiazepine misuse, Benzodiazepine misuse disorder, Nonmedical benzodiazepine drug use.

, Intravenous therapy, Jeffrey Dahmer, Lorazepam, Lung, Medical prescription, Methadone, Methamphetamine, Midazolam, Myalgia, Nasal administration, Nausea, Necrosis, Nepal, Nimetazepam, Nitrazepam, Nonbenzodiazepine, Northern Ireland, Opiate, Opioid, Paranoia, Paresthesia, Physical dependence, Polysubstance use, Prazepam, Psychiatry, Psychosis, Quazepam, Recreational drug use, Rhabdomyolysis, Sedative, Seizure, Stimulant, Substance abuse, Substance dependence, Syncope (medicine), Temazepam, Thrombophlebitis, Toxicity, Tremor, Triazolam.

Benzodiazepine use disorder, the Glossary

Table of Contents

References