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Bertrand Russell, the Glossary

Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British mathematician, logician, philosopher, and public intellectual.^[1]

A History of Western Philosophy

History of Western Philosophy is a 1946 book by British philosopher Bertrand Russell (1872–1970).

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A. C. Grayling

Anthony Clifford Grayling (born 3 April 1949) is a British philosopher and author. Bertrand Russell and a. C. Grayling are 20th-century English philosophers, 20th-century atheists, analytic philosophers, Atheist philosophers and British critics of religions.

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A. E. Dyson

Anthony Edward Dyson, aka Tony Dyson (28 November 1928 – 30 July 2002) was a British literary critic, university lecturer, educational activist and gay rights campaigner.

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A. J. Ayer

Sir Alfred Jules "Freddie" Ayer (29 October 1910 – 27 June 1989) was an English philosopher known for his promotion of logical positivism, particularly in his books Language, Truth, and Logic (1936) and The Problem of Knowledge (1956). Bertrand Russell and a. J. Ayer are 20th-century English philosophers, 20th-century atheists, analytic philosophers, Aristotelian philosophers, Atheist philosophers, British critics of religions, British epistemologists, British philosophers of culture, British philosophers of education, British philosophers of language, British philosophers of logic, British philosophers of mind, British philosophers of religion, British philosophers of science, Empiricists, English humanists, English logicians, English political philosophers, linguistic turn, logicians, Ontologists, philosophers of history, philosophers of technology and presidents of the Aristotelian Society.

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Abstract object theory

Abstract object theory (AOT) is a branch of metaphysics regarding abstract objects.

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Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.

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Aesthetics

Aesthetics (also spelled esthetics) is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of beauty and the nature of taste; and functions as the philosophy of art.

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Al Seckel

Alfred Paul "Al" Seckel (September 3, 1958 – 2015) was an American collector and popularizer of visual and other types of sensory illusions, who wrote books about them.

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Albert C. Barnes

Albert Coombs Barnes (January 2, 1872 – July 24, 1951) was an American chemist, businessman, art collector, writer, and educator, and the founder of the Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

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Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely held as one of the most influential scientists. Best known for developing the theory of relativity, Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics. His mass–energy equivalence formula, which arises from relativity theory, has been called "the world's most famous equation". Bertrand Russell and Albert Einstein are anti-nationalists, European democratic socialists and philosophers of mathematics.

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008) was a Russian author and Soviet dissident who helped to raise global awareness of political repression in the Soviet Union, especially the Gulag prison system. Bertrand Russell and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn are Nobel laureates in Literature.

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Alessandro Padoa

Alessandro Padoa (14 October 1868 – 25 November 1937) was an Italian mathematician and logician, a contributor to the school of Giuseppe Peano.

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Alexei Kosygin

Alexei Nikolayevich Kosygin (p; – 18 December 1980) was a Soviet statesman during the Cold War.

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Alexius Meinong

Alexius Meinong Ritter von Handschuchsheim (17 July 1853 – 27 November 1920) was an Austrian philosopher, a realist known for his unique ontology and theory of objects. Bertrand Russell and Alexius Meinong are Ontologists and philosophers of history.

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Alfred Henry Lloyd

Alfred Henry Lloyd (January 3, 1864 – May 11, 1927) was an American philosopher.

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Alfred North Whitehead

Alfred North Whitehead (15 February 1861 – 30 December 1947) was an English mathematician and philosopher. Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead are 19th-century English essayists, 19th-century English mathematicians, 19th-century English philosophers, 20th-century English mathematicians, 20th-century English philosophers, analytic philosophers, Aristotelian philosophers, British epistemologists, British metaphysicians, British philosophers of education, British philosophers of language, British philosophers of logic, British philosophers of mind, British philosophers of religion, British philosophers of science, English essayists, English logicians, mathematical logicians, Metaphilosophers, metaphysics writers, Ontologists, philosophers of economics, philosophers of mathematics, presidents of the Aristotelian Society and writers about religion and science.

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Alys Pearsall Smith

Alyssa Whitall "Alys" Pearsall Smith (21 July 1867 – 22 January 1951) was an American-born British Quaker relief organiser and the first wife of Bertrand Russell.

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Aman (film)

Aman is a 1967 Indian anti-war film directed by Mohan Kumar.

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Analytic philosophy

Analytic philosophy is a broad, contemporary movement or tradition within Western philosophy and especially anglophone philosophy, focused on analysis.

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Anarchism

Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is against all forms of authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including the state and capitalism.

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Angina

Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is chest pain or pressure, usually caused by insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium).

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Anniversary

An anniversary is the date on which an event took place or an institution was founded in a previous year, and may also refer to the commemoration or celebration of that event.

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Anti-imperialism

Anti-imperialism in political science and international relations is opposition to imperialism or neocolonialism.

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Appeasement

Appeasement, in an international context, is a diplomatic negotiation policy of making political, material, or territorial concessions to an aggressive power with intention to avoid conflict.

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Arab nationalism

Arab nationalism (al-qawmīya al-ʿarabīya) is a political ideology asserting that Arabs constitute a single nation.

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Arab world

The Arab world (اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), formally the Arab homeland (اَلْوَطَنُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), also known as the Arab nation (اَلْأُمَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, comprises a large group of countries, mainly located in Western Asia and Northern Africa.

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Aristotelian Society

The Aristotelian Society for the Systematic Study of Philosophy, more generally known as the Aristotelian Society, is a philosophical society in London.

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Arms embargo

An arms embargo is a restriction or a set of sanctions that applies either solely to weaponry or also to "dual-use technology." An arms embargo may serve one or more purposes.

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Arnold Lupton

Arnold Lupton (11 September 1846 – 23 May 1930) was a British Liberal Party Member of Parliament, academic, anti-vaccinationist, mining engineer and a managing director (collieries). Bertrand Russell and Arnold Lupton are British anti–World War I activists.

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Assassination of John F. Kennedy

On November 22, 1963, John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, was assassinated while riding in a presidential motorcade through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas.

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Atheism

Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities.

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Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

On 6 and 9 August 1945, the United States detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

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Atomic sentence

In logic and analytic philosophy, an atomic sentence is a type of declarative sentence which is either true or false (may also be referred to as a proposition, statement or truthbearer) and which cannot be broken down into other simpler sentences.

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Automated reasoning

In computer science, in particular in knowledge representation and reasoning and metalogic, the area of automated reasoning is dedicated to understanding different aspects of reasoning.

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Automated theorem proving

Automated theorem proving (also known as ATP or automated deduction) is a subfield of automated reasoning and mathematical logic dealing with proving mathematical theorems by computer programs.

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Axiom of reducibility

The axiom of reducibility was introduced by Bertrand Russell in the early 20th century as part of his ramified theory of types.

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B-theory of time

The B-theory of time, also called the "tenseless theory of time", is one of two positions regarding the temporal ordering of events in the philosophy of time.

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Bachelor of Arts

A Bachelor of Arts (abbreviated B.A., BA, A.B. or AB; from the Latin baccalaureus artium, baccalaureus in artibus, or artium baccalaureus) is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the liberal arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines.

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Barber paradox

The barber paradox is a puzzle derived from Russell's paradox.

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Barnes Foundation

The Barnes Foundation is an art collection and educational institution promoting the appreciation of art and horticulture.

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Barry Stevens (therapist)

Barry Stevens (1902–1985) was an American writer and Gestalt therapist.

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Battle of Britain

The Battle of Britain (Luftschlacht um England, "air battle for England") was a military campaign of the Second World War, in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Fleet Air Arm (FAA) of the Royal Navy defended the United Kingdom (UK) against large-scale attacks by Nazi Germany's air force, the Luftwaffe.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.

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BBC Home Service

The BBC Home Service was a national and regional radio station that broadcast from 1939 until 1967, when it was replaced by BBC Radio 4.

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BBC Third Programme

The BBC Third Programme was a national radio station produced and broadcast from 1946 until 1967, when it was replaced by BBC Radio 3.

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Beatrice Webb

Martha Beatrice Webb, Baroness Passfield, (née Potter; 22 January 1858 – 30 April 1943) was an English sociologist, economist, feminist and social reformer. Bertrand Russell and Beatrice Webb are English socialists and writers about the Soviet Union.

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Beijing

Beijing, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital of China.

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Berry paradox

The Berry paradox is a self-referential paradox arising from an expression like "The smallest positive integer not definable in under sixty letters" (a phrase with fifty-seven letters).

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Bertrand Russell

Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British mathematician, logician, philosopher, and public intellectual. Bertrand Russell and Bertrand Russell are 19th-century English essayists, 19th-century English mathematicians, 19th-century English philosophers, 20th-century English essayists, 20th-century English mathematicians, 20th-century English philosophers, 20th-century atheists, academics of the London School of Economics, analytic philosophers, anti-nationalists, Aristotelian philosophers, Atheist philosophers, British anti–Vietnam War activists, British anti–World War I activists, British atheism activists, British consciousness researchers and theorists, British critics of Christianity, British critics of religions, British epistemologists, British ethicists, British free speech activists, British metaphysicians, British nonviolence advocates, British philosophers of culture, British philosophers of education, British philosophers of language, British philosophers of logic, British philosophers of mind, British philosophers of religion, British philosophers of science, British political philosophers, British writers on atheism, campaign for Nuclear Disarmament activists, Consequentialists, critics of the Catholic Church, critics of work and the work ethic, de Morgan Medallists, deaths from influenza in the United Kingdom, earls Russell, Empiricists, English LGBT rights activists, English Nobel laureates, English agnostics, English anti–nuclear weapons activists, English anti-fascists, English essayists, English historians of philosophy, English humanists, English logicians, English pacifists, English people of Welsh descent, English political commentators, English political philosophers, English political writers, English prisoners and detainees, English sceptics, English socialists, European democratic socialists, free love advocates, Freethought writers, Georgists, Honorary Fellows of the British Academy, infectious disease deaths in Wales, intellectual historians, Jerusalem Prize recipients, Kalinga Prize recipients, Labour Party (UK) hereditary peers, Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates, liberal socialism, linguistic turn, logicians, mathematical logicians, members of the Order of Merit, Metaphilosophers, metaphysics writers, Nobel laureates in Literature, Ontologists, people from Harting, people from Monmouthshire, people from Penrhyndeudraeth, philosophers of economics, philosophers of history, philosophers of law, philosophers of literature, philosophers of love, philosophers of mathematics, philosophers of sexuality, philosophers of social science, philosophers of technology, presidents of the Aristotelian Society, rhetoric theorists, Russell family, secular humanists, set theorists, the Nation (U.S. magazine) people, theorists on Western civilization, Universal basic income writers, utilitarians, world Constitutional Convention call signatories, writers about activism and social change, writers about communism, writers about globalization, writers about religion and science and writers about the Soviet Union.

See Bertrand Russell and Bertrand Russell

Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation

The Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation, established in 1963, continues the work of the philosopher and activist Bertrand Russell in the areas of peace, social justice, and human rights, with a specific focus on the dangers of nuclear war.

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Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society

The Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society is an academic journal on the history of science published annually by the Royal Society.

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Birth control

Birth control, also known as contraception, anticonception, and fertility control, is the use of methods or devices to prevent unintended pregnancy.

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Birthday Honours

The Birthday Honours, in some Commonwealth realms, mark the reigning monarch's official birthday in each realm by granting various individuals appointment into national or dynastic orders or the award of decorations and medals.

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Black Death

The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Europe from 1346 to 1353.

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Brand Blanshard

Percy Brand Blanshard (August 27, 1892 – November 19, 1987) was an American philosopher known primarily for his defense of rationalism and idealism.

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British idealism

A subset of absolute idealism, British idealism was a philosophical movement that was influential in Britain from the mid-nineteenth century to the early twentieth century.

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British nobility

The British nobility is made up of the peerage and the (landed) gentry.

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British philosophy

British philosophy refers to the philosophical tradition of the British people.

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British undergraduate degree classification

The British undergraduate degree classification system is a grading structure used for undergraduate degrees or bachelor's degrees and integrated master's degrees in the United Kingdom.

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Bronchitis

Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi (large and medium-sized airways) in the lungs that causes coughing.

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Bryn Mawr College

Bryn Mawr College (Welsh) is a private women's liberal arts college in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.

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Budapest

Budapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary.

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Bukken Bruse disaster

The Bukken Bruse disaster was the crash of a flying boat during its landing on 2 October 1948.

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Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society

The Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society is a quarterly mathematical journal published by the American Mathematical Society.

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C. D. Broad

Charlie Dunbar Broad (30 December 1887 – 11 March 1971), usually cited as C. D. Bertrand Russell and c. D. Broad are 20th-century English philosophers, analytic philosophers, Aristotelian philosophers, British consciousness researchers and theorists, British epistemologists, British ethicists, British philosophers of logic, British philosophers of mind, British philosophers of religion, British philosophers of science, English LGBT rights activists, English essayists, English historians of philosophy, English logicians, metaphysics writers, Ontologists, presidents of the Aristotelian Society, writers about activism and social change and writers about religion and science.

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Cairo

Cairo (al-Qāhirah) is the capital of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, and is the country's largest city, being home to more than 10 million people.

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California Institute of Technology

The California Institute of Technology (branded as Caltech) is a private research university in Pasadena, California.

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Cambridge Apostles

The Cambridge Apostles (also known as the Conversazione Society) is (or perhaps was) an intellectual society at the University of Cambridge founded in 1820 by George Tomlinson, a Cambridge student who became the first Bishop of Gibraltar.

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Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club

The Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club, founded in October 1878, is a philosophy discussion group that meets weekly at the University of Cambridge during term time.

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Cameo appearance

A cameo appearance, also called a cameo role and often shortened to just cameo, is a brief guest appearance of a well-known person or character in a work of the performing arts.

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Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (Société Radio-Canada), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is the Canadian public broadcaster for both radio and television.

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Caroline Benn

Caroline Middleton Benn (née DeCamp; 13 October 1926 – 22 November 2000), formerly Viscountess Stansgate, was an educationalist and writer, and wife of the British Labour politician Tony Benn (formerly 2nd Viscount Stansgate).

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Caroline Moorehead

Caroline Mary Moorehead (born 28 October 1944) is a human rights journalist and biographer.

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Causality

Causality is an influence by which one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly dependent on the cause.

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Cayley–Klein metric

In mathematics, a Cayley–Klein metric is a metric on the complement of a fixed quadric in a projective space which is defined using a cross-ratio.

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Celia Green

Celia Elizabeth Green (born 1935) is a British parapsychologist and writer on parapsychology.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.

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Charles George Gordon

Major-General Charles George Gordon CB (28 January 1833 – 26 January 1885), also known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, and Gordon of Khartoum, was a British Army officer and administrator.

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Chelsea (UK Parliament constituency)

Chelsea was a borough constituency, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Chicken (game)

The game of chicken, also known as the hawk-dove game or snowdrift game, is a model of conflict for two players in game theory.

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City College of New York

The City College of the City University of New York (also known as the City College of New York, or simply City College or CCNY) is a public research university within the City University of New York (CUNY) system in New York City.

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Classical logic

Classical logic (or standard logic) or Frege–Russell logic is the intensively studied and most widely used class of deductive logic.

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Cleddon Hall

Cleddon Hall, formerly known as Ravenscroft, is a 19th-century Victorian country house in Trellech, Monmouthshire, Wales.

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Coefficients (dining club)

The Coefficients was a monthly dining club founded in 1902 by the Fabian campaigners Sidney and Beatrice Webb as a forum for British socialist reformers and imperialists of the Edwardian era.

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Coherence theory of truth

Coherence theories of truth characterize truth as a property of whole systems of propositions that can be ascribed to individual propositions only derivatively according to their coherence with the whole.

See Bertrand Russell and Coherence theory of truth

Cold War

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

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Colwyn Bay

Colwyn Bay (Bae Colwyn) is a town, community and seaside resort in Conwy County Borough on the north coast of Wales overlooking the Irish Sea.

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Committee of 100 (United Kingdom)

The Committee of 100 was a British anti-war group.

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Congress for Cultural Freedom

The Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF) was an anti-communist cultural organization founded on June 26, 1950 in West Berlin.

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Conrad Russell, 5th Earl Russell

Conrad Sebastian Robert Russell, 5th Earl Russell, (15 April 1937 – 14 October 2004), was a British historian and politician. Bertrand Russell and Conrad Russell, 5th Earl Russell are earls Russell, Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates, people from Harting and Russell family.

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Conscientious objector

A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of conscience or religion.

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Contemporary philosophy

Contemporary philosophy is the present period in the history of Western philosophy beginning at the early 20th century with the increasing professionalization of the discipline and the rise of analytic and continental philosophy.

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Conway Hall

Conway Hall is a building in Red Lion Square, London.

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Cornwall

Cornwall (Kernow;; or) is a ceremonial county in South West England.

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Court of Chancery

The Court of Chancery was a court of equity in England and Wales that followed a set of loose rules to avoid a slow pace of change and possible harshness (or "inequity") of the common law.

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Criticism of Jesus

Jesus was criticised in the first century CE by the Pharisees and scribes for disobeying Mosaic Law.

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Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko) was a landlocked state in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary.

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Darwinism

Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.

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De Morgan Medal

The De Morgan Medal is a prize for outstanding contribution to mathematics, awarded by the London Mathematical Society.

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Defence of the Realm Act 1914

The Defence of the Realm Act 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5. c. 29) (DORA) was passed in the United Kingdom on 8 August 1914, four days after the country entered the First World War.

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Definite description

In formal semantics and philosophy of language, a definite description is a denoting phrase in the form of "the X" where X is a noun-phrase or a singular common noun.

See Bertrand Russell and Definite description

Deism

Deism (or; derived from the Latin term deus, meaning "god") is the philosophical position and rationalistic theology that generally rejects revelation as a source of divine knowledge and asserts that empirical reason and observation of the natural world are exclusively logical, reliable, and sufficient to determine the existence of a Supreme Being as the creator of the universe.

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Descriptivist theory of names

In the philosophy of language, the descriptivist theory of proper names (also descriptivist theory of reference) is the view that the meaning or semantic content of a proper name is identical to the descriptions associated with it by speakers, while their referents are determined to be the objects that satisfy these descriptions.

See Bertrand Russell and Descriptivist theory of names

Dialectical materialism

Dialectical materialism is a materialist theory based upon the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that has found widespread applications in a variety of philosophical disciplines ranging from philosophy of history to philosophy of science.

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Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

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Direct reference theory

A referential theory of meaning (also called direct reference theory or referential realism)Andrea Bianchi (2012) Two ways of being a (direct) referentialist, in Joseph Almog, Paolo Leonardi, Having in Mind: The Philosophy of Keith Donnellan, is a theory of language that claims that the meaning of a word or expression lies in what it points out in the world.

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Dissolution of the monasteries

The dissolution of the monasteries, occasionally referred to as the suppression of the monasteries, was the set of administrative and legal processes between 1536 and 1541, by which Henry VIII disbanded Catholic monasteries, priories, convents, and friaries in England, Wales, and Ireland; seized their wealth; disposed of their assets; and provided for their former personnel and functions.

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Doctrine of internal relations

The doctrine of internal relations is the philosophical doctrine that all relations are internal to their bearers, in the sense that they are essential to them and the bearers would not be what they are without them.

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Dora Russell

Dora Winifred Russell, Countess Russell (née Black; 3 April 1894 – 31 May 1986) was a British author, a feminist and socialist campaigner, and the second wife of the philosopher Bertrand Russell. Bertrand Russell and Dora Russell are Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates.

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Double negation

In propositional logic, the double negation of a statement states that "it is not the case that the statement is not true".

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Douglas Spalding

Douglas Alexander Spalding (14 July 1841 – 1877) was a British biologist who studied animal behaviour and worked in the home of Viscount Amberley.

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Dover Publications

Dover Publications, also known as Dover Books, is an American book publisher founded in 1941 by Hayward and Blanche Cirker.

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Dreyfus affair

The Dreyfus affair (affaire Dreyfus) was a political scandal that divided the Third French Republic from 1894 until its resolution in 1906.

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Duke of Bedford

Duke of Bedford (named after Bedford, England) is a title that has been created six times (for five distinct people) in the Peerage of England. Bertrand Russell and Duke of Bedford are Russell family.

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Dwight D. Eisenhower

Dwight David Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969), nicknamed Ike, was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961.

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DYN (magazine)

DYN (derived from the Greek word κατὰ τὸ δυνατόν, that which is possible) was an art magazine founded by the Austrian-Mexican Surrealist Wolfgang Paalen, published in Mexico City, and distributed in New York City, and London between 1942 and 1944.

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Earl Russell

Earl Russell, of Kingston Russell in the County of Dorset, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Bertrand Russell and Earl Russell are earls Russell and Russell family.

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Early childhood education

Early childhood education (ECE), also known as nursery education, is a branch of education theory that relates to the teaching of children (formally and informally) from birth up to the age of eight.

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Edith Finch Russell

Edith Finch, Countess Russell (5 November 1900 – 1 January 1978) was an American writer and biographer.

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Edward FitzGerald (mountaineer)

Edward Arthur FitzGerald (10 May 1871 – 2 January 1931) was an American-born mountaineer and soldier of British descent, best known for leading the expedition which made the first ascent of Aconcagua, the highest mountain in the American Continent, in 1897.

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Edward Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley

Edward John Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley, (13 November 180216 June 1869), known as The Lord Eddisbury between 1848 and 1850, was a British politician.

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Edward VIII

Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; 23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972), later known as the Duke of Windsor, was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire, and Emperor of India, from 20 January 1936 until his abdication in December of the same year.

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Eiffel Tower

The Eiffel Tower (Tour Eiffel) is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France.

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Elba

Elba (isola d'Elba,; Ilva) is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy, from the coastal town of Piombino on the Italian mainland, and the largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago.

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Eminent Victorians

Eminent Victorians is a book by Lytton Strachey (one of the older members of the Bloomsbury Group), first published in 1918, and consisting of biographies of four leading figures from the Victorian era.

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Emotive conjugation

In rhetoric, emotive or emotional conjugation (also known as Russell's conjugation) is a rhetorical technique used to create an intrinsic bias towards or against a piece of information.

See Bertrand Russell and Emotive conjugation

Epistemology

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge.

See Bertrand Russell and Epistemology

Eric Chappelow

Eric Barry Wilfred Chappelow (7 October 1890 – 28 November 1957) was an English poet and conscientious objector during the First World War. Bertrand Russell and Eric Chappelow are English prisoners and detainees.

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Ernest Gellner

Ernest André Gellner (9 December 1925 – 5 November 1995) was a British-Czech philosopher and social anthropologist described by The Daily Telegraph, when he died, as one of the world's most vigorous intellectuals, and by The Independent as a "one-man crusader for critical rationalism". Bertrand Russell and Ernest Gellner are academics of the London School of Economics, analytic philosophers, British ethicists, British philosophers of religion, philosophers of economics, philosophers of history, philosophers of social science, rhetoric theorists, theorists on Western civilization, writers about activism and social change, writers about communism, writers about globalization and writers about religion and science.

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Euclid

Euclid (Εὐκλείδης; BC) was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician. Bertrand Russell and Euclid are philosophers of mathematics.

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Eugenics

Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population.

See Bertrand Russell and Eugenics

Existential fallacy

The existential fallacy, or existential instantiation, is a formal fallacy.

See Bertrand Russell and Existential fallacy

Exposition Universelle (1889)

The italic of 1889, better known in English as the 1889 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 6 May to 31 October 1889.

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Extinction

Extinction is the termination of a taxon by the death of its last member.

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Fabian Society

The Fabian Society is a British socialist organisation whose purpose is to advance the principles of social democracy and democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist effort in democracies, rather than by revolutionary overthrow.

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Failure to refer

In the philosophy of language, failure to refer, also reference failure, referential failure or failure of reference, is the concept that names can fail to name a real object.

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Felix Pirani

Felix Arnold Edward Pirani (2 February 1928 – 31 December 2015) was a British theoretical physicist, and professor at King's College London, specialising in gravitational physics and general relativity.

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Fellow

A fellow is a concept whose exact meaning depends on context.

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Female education

Female education is a catch-all term for a complex set of issues and debates surrounding education (primary education, secondary education, tertiary education, and health education in particular) for girls and women.

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Feminism

Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes.

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First strike (nuclear strategy)

In nuclear strategy, a first strike or preemptive strike is a preemptive surprise attack employing overwhelming force.

See Bertrand Russell and First strike (nuclear strategy)

Formulario mathematico

Formulario Mathematico (Latino sine flexione: Formulary for Mathematics) is a book by Giuseppe Peano which expresses fundamental theorems of mathematics in a symbolic language developed by Peano.

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Foundations of mathematics

Foundations of mathematics is the logical and mathematical framework that allows the development of mathematics without generating self-contradictory theories, and, in particular, to have reliable concepts of theorems, proofs, algorithms, etc.

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Frances Russell, Countess Russell

Frances Anna Maria Russell, Countess Russell (née Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound; 15 November 1815 – 17 January 1898), was the second wife of two-time Prime Minister of the United Kingdom John Russell, 1st Earl Russell.

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Frank Russell, 2nd Earl Russell

John Francis Stanley Russell, 2nd Earl Russell, known as Frank Russell (12 August 18653 March 1931), was a British nobleman, barrister and politician, the elder brother of the philosopher Bertrand Russell, and the grandson of John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, who was twice prime minister of Britain. Bertrand Russell and Frank Russell, 2nd Earl Russell are earls Russell, Labour Party (UK) hereditary peers and Russell family.

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Free Thought and Official Propaganda

"Free Thought and Official Propaganda" is a speech (and subsequent publication) delivered in 1922 by Bertrand Russell on the importance of unrestricted freedom of expression in society, and the problem of the state and political class interfering in this through control of education, fines, economic leverage, and distortion of evidence.

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Free will

Free will is the capacity or ability to choose between different possible courses of action.

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Freedom of thought

Freedom of thought is the freedom of an individual to hold or consider a fact, viewpoint, or thought, independent of others' viewpoints.

See Bertrand Russell and Freedom of thought

G. E. Moore

George Edward Moore (4 November 1873 – 24 October 1958) was an English philosopher, who with Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein and earlier Gottlob Frege was among the initiators of analytic philosophy. Bertrand Russell and G. E. Moore are 19th-century English philosophers, 20th-century English philosophers, analytic philosophers, Aristotelian philosophers, British epistemologists, British ethicists, British metaphysicians, British philosophers of culture, British philosophers of education, British philosophers of language, British philosophers of logic, British philosophers of mind, Consequentialists, English agnostics, English humanists, English logicians, linguistic turn, members of the Order of Merit, Ontologists and presidents of the Aristotelian Society.

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G. H. Hardy

Godfrey Harold Hardy (7 February 1877 – 1 December 1947) was an English mathematician, known for his achievements in number theory and mathematical analysis. Bertrand Russell and G. H. Hardy are 19th-century English mathematicians, 20th-century English mathematicians and de Morgan Medallists.

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Genocide

Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people, either in whole or in part.

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Georg Cantor

Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor (– 6 January 1918) was a mathematician who played a pivotal role in the creation of set theory, which has become a fundamental theory in mathematics. Bertrand Russell and Georg Cantor are set theorists.

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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) was a German philosopher and one of the most influential figures of German idealism and 19th-century philosophy. Bertrand Russell and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel are philosophers of law and writers about religion and science.

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George Santayana

George Santayana (b. Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás, December 16, 1863 – September 26, 1952), was a Spanish-American philosopher, essayist, poet, and novelist. Bertrand Russell and George Santayana are 20th-century atheists, Atheist philosophers, Metaphilosophers, metaphysics writers, Ontologists, philosophers of history, philosophers of literature and philosophers of sexuality.

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George VI

George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952.

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Gestalt therapy

Gestalt therapy is a form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal responsibility and focuses on the individual's experience in the present moment, the therapist–client relationship, the environmental and social contexts of a person's life, and the self-regulating adjustments people make as a result of their overall situation.

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Gilbert Ryle

Gilbert Ryle (19 August 1900 – 6 October 1976) was a British philosopher, principally known for his critique of Cartesian dualism, for which he coined the phrase "ghost in the machine." He was a representative of the generation of British ordinary language philosophers who shared Ludwig Wittgenstein's approach to philosophical problems. Bertrand Russell and Gilbert Ryle are 20th-century English philosophers, analytic philosophers, Aristotelian philosophers, British epistemologists, British metaphysicians, British philosophers of language, British philosophers of mind, linguistic turn, Ontologists and presidents of the Aristotelian Society.

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Giuseppe Peano

Giuseppe Peano (27 August 1858 – 20 April 1932) was an Italian mathematician and glottologist.

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Glorious Revolution

The Glorious Revolution is the sequence of events that led to the deposition of James II and VII in November 1688.

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God in Christianity

In Christianity, God is the eternal, supreme being who created and preserves all things.

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Good Times, Wonderful Times

Good Times, Wonderful Times is a 1965 anti-war film, the third feature-length film written, produced, and directed by independent American filmmaker Lionel Rogosin.

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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (– 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat who invented calculus in addition to many other branches of mathematics, such as binary arithmetic, and statistics. Bertrand Russell and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz are philosophers of law and writers about religion and science.

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Gottlob Frege

Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (8 November 1848 – 26 July 1925) was a German philosopher, logician, and mathematician. Bertrand Russell and Gottlob Frege are analytic philosophers, linguistic turn, Ontologists, philosophers of mathematics and set theorists.

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Guild socialism is a political movement advocating workers' control of industry through the medium of trade-related guilds "in an implied contractual relationship with the public".

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Harold Wilson

James Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx, (11 March 1916 – 24 May 1995) was a British statesman and Labour Party politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1964 to 1970 and again from 1974 to 1976.

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Harting

Harting is a civil parish in the Chichester District of West Sussex, England.

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Hegemony

Hegemony is the political, economic, and military predominance of one state over other states, either regional or global.

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Henrietta Stanley, Baroness Stanley of Alderley

Henrietta Maria Stanley, Baroness Stanley of Alderley (née Dillon-Lee; 21 December 1807 – 16 February 1895), was a British Canadian-born political hostess and campaigner for the education of women in England.

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Hereditary peer

The hereditary peers form part of the peerage in the United Kingdom.

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Hindi

Modern Standard Hindi (आधुनिक मानक हिन्दी, Ādhunik Mānak Hindī), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in Devanagari script.

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HM Prison Brixton

HM Prison Brixton used to be a local prison but has been since 2012 a Category C training establishment men's prison, located in Brixton area of the London Borough of Lambeth, in inner-South London.

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Home rule

Home rule is government of a colony, dependent country, or region by its own citizens.

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Homosexual Law Reform Society

The Homosexual Law Reform Society was an organisation that campaigned in the United Kingdom for changes to the set of laws which criminalised homosexuality at the time.

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Horace Kallen

Horace Meyer Kallen (August 11, 1882 – February 16, 1974) was a German-born American philosopher who supported pluralism and Zionism.

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House of Commons of the United Kingdom

The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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House of Tudor

The House of Tudor was an English and Welsh dynasty that held the throne of England from 1485 to 1603. Bertrand Russell and House of Tudor are English people of Welsh descent.

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Hugh Trevor-Roper

Hugh Redwald Trevor-Roper, Baron Dacre of Glanton, (15 January 1914 – 26 January 2003) was an English historian.

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Human

Humans (Homo sapiens, meaning "thinking man") or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus Homo.

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Humanists UK

Humanists UK, known from 1967 until May 2017 as the British Humanist Association (BHA), is a charitable organisation which promotes secular humanism and aims to represent "people who seek to live good lives without religious or superstitious beliefs" in the United Kingdom by campaigning on issues relating to humanism, secularism, and human rights.

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Hungarian Revolution of 1956

The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (23 October – 4 November 1956; 1956-os forradalom), also known as the Hungarian Uprising, was an attempted countrywide revolution against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989) and the policies caused by the government's subordination to the Soviet Union (USSR).

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Imperialism

Imperialism is the practice, theory or attitude of maintaining or extending power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultural imperialism).

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Impredicativity

In mathematics, logic and philosophy of mathematics, something that is impredicative is a self-referencing definition.

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In Praise of Idleness and Other Essays

In Praise of Idleness and Other Essays is a 1935 collection of essays by the philosopher Bertrand Russell.

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Independent Labour Party

The Independent Labour Party (ILP) was a British political party of the left, established in 1893 at a conference in Bradford, after local and national dissatisfaction with the Liberals' apparent reluctance to endorse working-class candidates.

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Independent Liberal

Independent Liberal is a description which candidates and politicians have used to describe themselves, designating them as liberals, yet independent of the official Liberal Party of their country.

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India League

The India League was an England-based organisation established by Krishna Menon in 1928.

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Influenza

Influenza, commonly known as "the flu" or just "flu", is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses.

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Information Research Department

The Information Research Department (IRD) was a secret Cold War propaganda department of the British Foreign Office, created to publish anti-communist propaganda, including black propaganda, provide support and information to anti-communist politicians, academics, and writers, and to use weaponised information, but also disinformation and "fake news", to attack not only its original targets but also certain socialists and anti-colonial movements.

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Intellectual

An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the reality of society, and who proposes solutions for its normative problems.

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Internet Archive

The Internet Archive is an American nonprofit digital library founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle.

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Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy

Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy is a book (1919 first edition) by philosopher Bertrand Russell, in which the author seeks to create an accessible introduction to various topics within the foundations of mathematics.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia.

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Ivor Grattan-Guinness

Ivor Owen Grattan-Guinness (23 June 1941 – 12 December 2014) was a historian of mathematics and logic. Bertrand Russell and Ivor Grattan-Guinness are academics of the London School of Economics and English logicians.

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J. B. Priestley

John Boynton Priestley (13 September 1894 – 14 August 1984) was an English novelist, playwright, screenwriter, broadcaster and social commentator. Bertrand Russell and J. B. Priestley are campaign for Nuclear Disarmament activists, English anti–nuclear weapons activists, English socialists and members of the Order of Merit.

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James Ward (psychologist)

James Ward (27 January 1843 – 4 March 1925) was an English psychologist and philosopher. Bertrand Russell and James Ward (psychologist) are presidents of the Aristotelian Society.

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Jean Bricmont

Jean Bricmont (born 12 April 1952) is a Belgian theoretical physicist and philosopher of science.

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Jean-Paul Sartre

Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic, considered a leading figure in 20th-century French philosophy and Marxism. Bertrand Russell and Jean-Paul Sartre are 20th-century atheists, Atheist philosophers, free love advocates, Nobel laureates in Literature, Ontologists, philosophers of literature, philosophers of sexuality, philosophers of social science and theorists on Western civilization.

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Jerusalem Prize

The Jerusalem Prize for the Freedom of the Individual in Society is a biennial literary award given to writers whose works have dealt with themes of human freedom in society. Bertrand Russell and Jerusalem Prize are Jerusalem Prize recipients.

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John Arden

John Arden (26 October 1930 – 28 March 2012) was an English playwright who at his death was lauded as "one of the most significant British playwrights of the late 1950s and early 60s".

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John Dewey

John Dewey (October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952) was an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer. Bertrand Russell and John Dewey are 20th-century atheists, analytic philosophers, Atheist philosophers, Georgists, Ontologists and writers about the Soviet Union.

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John F. Kennedy

John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to as JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963.

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John Foster Dulles

John Foster Dulles (February 25, 1888 – May 24, 1959) was an American politician, lawyer, and diplomat who served as United States secretary of state under president Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 until his resignation in 1959.

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John Freeman (British politician)

Major John Horace Freeman, PC (19 February 1915 – 20 December 2014) was a British politician, diplomat, broadcaster and British Army officer.

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John Lewis (philosopher)

John Lewis (1 February 1889 – 12 February 1976) was a British Unitarian minister and Marxist philosopher and author of many works on philosophy, anthropology, and religion. Bertrand Russell and John Lewis (philosopher) are 20th-century English philosophers and Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates.

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John Myhill

John R. Myhill Sr. (11 August 1923 – 15 February 1987) was a British mathematician.

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John Russell, 1st Earl Russell

John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, (18 August 1792 – 28 May 1878), known by his courtesy title Lord John Russell before 1861, was a British Whig and Liberal statesman who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1846 to 1852 and again from 1865 to 1866. Bertrand Russell and John Russell, 1st Earl Russell are 19th-century English essayists, earls Russell and Russell family.

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John Russell, 4th Earl Russell

John Conrad Russell, 4th Earl Russell (16 November 1921 – 16 December 1987), styled Viscount Amberley from 1931 to 1970, was the eldest son of the philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell (the 3rd Earl) and his second wife, Dora Black. Bertrand Russell and John Russell, 4th Earl Russell are earls Russell and Russell family.

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John Russell, Viscount Amberley

John Russell, Viscount Amberley (10 December 1842 – 9 January 1876), was a British politician and writer. Bertrand Russell and John Russell, Viscount Amberley are Russell family.

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John Stuart Mill

John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 – 7 May 1873) was an English philosopher, political economist, politician and civil servant. Bertrand Russell and John Stuart Mill are 19th-century English essayists, 19th-century English philosophers, British ethicists, British free speech activists, British philosophers of language, British philosophers of logic, British philosophers of mind, British political philosophers, Consequentialists, Empiricists, English agnostics, English essayists, English logicians, English political philosophers, English political writers, European democratic socialists, logicians, philosophers of economics, philosophers of history, philosophers of sexuality, theorists on Western civilization and utilitarians.

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Kalinga Prize

The Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science is an award given by UNESCO for exceptional skill in presenting scientific ideas to lay people. Bertrand Russell and Kalinga Prize are Kalinga Prize recipients.

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Karl Marx

Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German-born philosopher, political theorist, economist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. Bertrand Russell and Karl Marx are anti-nationalists, Atheist philosophers, critics of work and the work ethic, Ontologists, philosophers of economics, philosophers of history, philosophers of law, philosophers of technology, theorists on Western civilization, writers about activism and social change, writers about globalization and writers about religion and science.

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Katharine Russell, Viscountess Amberley

Katharine Louisa Russell, Viscountess Amberley (Stanley; 3 April 1842 – 28 June 1874), often referred to as Kate, was a British suffragist and an early advocate of birth control in the United Kingdom. Bertrand Russell and Katharine Russell, Viscountess Amberley are Russell family.

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King James Version

on the title-page of the first edition and in the entries in works like the "Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church", etc.--> The King James Version (KJV), also the King James Bible (KJB) and the Authorized Version (AV), is an Early Modern English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, which was commissioned in 1604 and published in 1611, by sponsorship of King James VI and I.

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Kingston Russell

Kingston Russell is a settlement and civil parish west of Dorchester, in the Dorset district, in the county of Dorset, England.

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Knowledge by acquaintance

Bertrand Russell makes a distinction between two different kinds of knowledge: knowledge by acquaintance and knowledge by description.

See Bertrand Russell and Knowledge by acquaintance

La Estrella de Panamá

La Estrella de Panamá is the oldest daily newspaper in Panamá.

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Labour Party (UK)

The Labour Party is a social democratic political party in the United Kingdom that sits on the centre-left of the political spectrum.

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Lady Constance Malleson

Lady Constance Malleson (24 October 1895 – 5 October 1975) was a British writer and actress (appearing as Colette O'Niel).

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Lady Ottoline Morrell

Lady Ottoline Violet Anne Morrell (16 June 1873 – 21 April 1938) was an English aristocrat and society hostess.

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Lee Harvey Oswald

Lee Harvey Oswald (October 18, 1939 – November 24, 1963) was a U.S. Marine veteran who assassinated John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, on November 22, 1963.

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Liberal Democrats (UK)

The Liberal Democrats (colloquially known as the Lib Dems) are a liberal political party in the United Kingdom, founded in 1988.

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Liberal Party (UK)

The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties in the United Kingdom, along with the Conservative Party, in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Liberalism

Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality, right to private property and equality before the law.

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Life (magazine)

Life is an American magazine published weekly from 1883 to 1972, as an intermittent "special" until 1978, a monthly from 1978 until 2000, and an online supplement since 2008.

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Lionel Rogosin

Lionel Rogosin (January 22, 1924, New York City, New York – December 8, 2000, Los Angeles, California) was an independent American filmmaker.

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List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1908

This is a list of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1908.

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List of members of the House of Lords

This is a list of members of the House of Lords, the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union

The nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union were performed between 1949 and 1990 as part of the nuclear arms race.

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List of peace activists

This list of peace activists includes people who have proactively advocated diplomatic, philosophical, and non-military resolution of major territorial or ideological disputes through nonviolent means and methods.

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List of pioneers in computer science

This is a list of people who made transformative breakthroughs in the creation, development and imagining of what computers could do.

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List of prematurely reported obituaries

A prematurely reported obituary is an obituary of someone who was still alive at the time of publication.

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List of University of California, Los Angeles people

This is a list of notable present and former faculty, staff, and students of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).

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Logic

Logic is the study of correct reasoning.

See Bertrand Russell and Logic

Logical atomism

Logical atomism is a philosophical view that originated in the early 20th century with the development of analytic philosophy.

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Logical connective

In logic, a logical connective (also called a logical operator, sentential connective, or sentential operator) is a logical constant.

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Logical form

In logic, the logical form of a statement is a precisely-specified semantic version of that statement in a formal system.

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Logical holism

In Philosophy, logical holism is the belief that the world operates in such a way that no part can be known without the whole being known first.

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Logicism

In the philosophy of mathematics, logicism is a programme comprising one or more of the theses that – for some coherent meaning of 'logic' – mathematics is an extension of logic, some or all of mathematics is reducible to logic, or some or all of mathematics may be modelled in logic.

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Logicomix

Logicomix: An Epic Search for Truth is a graphic novel about the foundational quest in mathematics, written by Apostolos Doxiadis, author of Uncle Petros and Goldbach's Conjecture, and theoretical computer scientist Christos Papadimitriou.

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London School of Economics

The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) is a public research university in London, England, and amember institution of the University of London.

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Lords Temporal

The Lords Temporal are secular members of the House of Lords, the upper house of the British Parliament.

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Lucy Donnelly

Lucy Martin Donnelly (September 18, 1870 – August 3, 1948) was a teacher of English at Bryn Mawr College.

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Ludwig Wittgenstein

Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language. Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein are analytic philosophers, linguistic turn, Metaphilosophers, Ontologists, philosophers of mathematics, philosophers of social science and theorists on Western civilization.

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Lytton Strachey

Giles Lytton Strachey (1 March 1880 – 21 January 1932) was an English writer and critic. Bertrand Russell and Lytton Strachey are English essayists.

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Major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.

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Mark Lane (February 24, 1927 – May 10, 2016) was an American attorney, New York state legislator, civil rights activist, and Vietnam war-crimes investigator.

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Marriage and Morals

Marriage and Morals is a 1929 book by philosopher Bertrand Russell, in which the author questions the Victorian notions of morality regarding sex and marriage.

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Mary Baker Eddy

Mary Baker Eddy (nee Baker; July 16, 1821 – December 3, 1910) was an American religious leader and author who founded The Church of Christ, Scientist, in New England in 1879.

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Mathematical beauty

Mathematical beauty is the aesthetic pleasure derived from the abstractness, purity, simplicity, depth or orderliness of mathematics.

See Bertrand Russell and Mathematical beauty

Mathematical logic

Mathematical logic is the study of formal logic within mathematics.

See Bertrand Russell and Mathematical logic

Mathematical Tripos

The Mathematical Tripos is the mathematics course that is taught in the Faculty of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge.

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Mathematics

Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes abstract objects, methods, theories and theorems that are developed and proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself.

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McMaster University

McMaster University (McMaster or Mac) is a public research university in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

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Meaning (philosophy)

In philosophymore specifically, in its sub-fields semantics, semiotics, philosophy of language, metaphysics, and metasemanticsmeaning "is a relationship between two sorts of things: signs and the kinds of things they intend, express, or signify".

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Means of production

In political philosophy, the means of production refers to the generally necessary assets and resources that enable a society to engage in production.

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A mediated reference theory (also indirect reference theory)Leszek Berezowski, Articles and Proper Names, University of Wrocław, 2001, p. 67.

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Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)

In the United Kingdom, a member of Parliament (MP) is an individual elected to serve in the House of Commons, the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Mental disorder

A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness, a mental health condition, or a psychiatric disability, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.

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Metamathematics is the study of mathematics itself using mathematical methods.

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Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality.

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Michael Mackintosh Foot (23 July 19133 March 2010) was a British politician who was Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition from 1980 to 1983. Bertrand Russell and Michael Foot are campaign for Nuclear Disarmament activists, English anti–nuclear weapons activists, English anti-fascists, English humanists, English socialists, European democratic socialists and secular humanists.

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Michael Polanyi

Michael Polanyi (Polányi Mihály; 11 March 1891 – 22 February 1976) was a Hungarian-British polymath, who made important theoretical contributions to physical chemistry, economics, and philosophy. Bertrand Russell and Michael Polanyi are philosophers of economics, philosophers of history, philosophers of social science and writers about religion and science.

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Michael Scott (priest)

Guthrie Michael Scott (30 July 1907 – 14 September 1983) was an Anglican priest and anti-apartheid activist, who joined in the defiance of the apartheid system in South Africa in the 1940s – a long struggle for social justice in that country. Bertrand Russell and Michael Scott (priest) are English anti–nuclear weapons activists and world Constitutional Convention call signatories.

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Middle East

The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.

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Mind (journal)

Mind (stylized as MIND) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Mind Association.

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Mohan Kumar (director)

Mohan Kumar (1 June 1934 – 10 November 2017) was an Indian film director, producer and screenwriter, who worked in the Bollywood (Hindi) film industry of India.

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Monmouthshire (historic)

Until 1974, Monmouthshire, also formerly known as the County of Monmouth (Sir Fynwy), was an administrative county in the south-east of Wales, on the border with England, and later classed as one of the thirteen historic counties of Wales.

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Morris Raphael Cohen

Morris Raphael Cohen (Мо́рыс Рафаэ́ль Ко́эн; July 25, 1880 – January 28, 1947) was an American judicial philosopher, lawyer, and legal scholar who united pragmatism with logical positivism and linguistic analysis.

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My Philosophical Development

My Philosophical Development is a 1959 book by the philosopher Bertrand Russell, in which the author summarizes his philosophical beliefs and explains how they changed during his life.

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Naive set theory

Naive set theory is any of several theories of sets used in the discussion of the foundations of mathematics.

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Napoleon

Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

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Neutral monism

Neutral monism is an umbrella term for a class of metaphysical theories in the philosophy of mind, concerning the relation of mind to matter.

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New Left

The New Left was a broad political movement that emerged from the counterculture of the 1960s and continued through the 1970s.

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New York Supreme Court

The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the trial-level court of general jurisdiction in the judiciary of New York.

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Nicholas Griffin (philosopher)

Nicholas John Griffin is a retired Canadian-based philosopher.

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Nigel Lawson

Nigel Lawson, Baron Lawson of Blaby, (11 March 1932 – 3 April 2023) was a British politician and journalist.

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Nikita Khrushchev

Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and Chairman of the Council of Ministers (premier) from 1958 to 1964. Bertrand Russell and Nikita Khrushchev are 20th-century atheists.

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Nobel Prize in Literature

The Nobel Prize in Literature (here meaning for literature; Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction" (original den som inom litteraturen har producerat det utmärktaste i idealisk riktning).

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Non-Euclidean geometry

In mathematics, non-Euclidean geometry consists of two geometries based on axioms closely related to those that specify Euclidean geometry.

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Nonexistent objects

In metaphysics and ontology, nonexistent objects are a concept advanced by Austrian philosopher Alexius Meinong in the 19th and 20th centuries within a "theory of objects".

See Bertrand Russell and Nonexistent objects

Nuclear disarmament

Nuclear disarmament is the act of reducing or eliminating nuclear weapons.

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Nuclear power plant

A nuclear power plant (NPP) or atomic power station (APS) is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor.

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Nuclear warfare

Nuclear warfare, also known as atomic warfare, is a military conflict or prepared political strategy that deploys nuclear weaponry.

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Nuclear weapon

A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion.

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October Revolution

The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Soviet historiography), October coup,, britannica.com Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917–1923.

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Oder–Neisse line

The Oder–Neisse line (Oder-Neiße-Grenze, granica na Odrze i Nysie Łużyckiej) is an unofficial term for the modern border between Germany and Poland.

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On Denoting

"On Denoting" is an essay by Bertrand Russell. Bertrand Russell and On Denoting are linguistic turn.

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Opposition to World War I

Opposition to World War I was widespread during the conflict and included socialists, anarchists, syndicalists and Marxists as well as Christian pacifists, anti-colonial nationalists, feminists, intellectuals, and the working class.

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Order of Merit

The Order of Merit (Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit for the Commonwealth realms, recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or the promotion of culture. Bertrand Russell and order of Merit are members of the Order of Merit.

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Ordinary language philosophy

Ordinary language philosophy (OLP) is a philosophical methodology that sees traditional philosophical problems as rooted in misunderstandings philosophers develop by distorting or forgetting how words are ordinarily used to convey meaning in non-philosophical contexts.

See Bertrand Russell and Ordinary language philosophy

Palestinian refugees

Palestinian refugees are citizens of Mandatory Palestine, and their descendants, who fled or were expelled from their country over the course of the 1947–1949 Palestine war (1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight) and the Six-Day War (1967 Palestinian exodus).

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Palestinians

Palestinians (al-Filasṭīniyyūn) or Palestinian people (label), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs (label), are an Arab ethnonational group native to Palestine.

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Paradoxes of set theory

This article contains a discussion of paradoxes of set theory.

See Bertrand Russell and Paradoxes of set theory

Patricia Russell

Patricia Russell, Countess Russell (1910 – 2004) was the third wife of philosopher Bertrand Russell and a significant contributor to his book A History of Western Philosophy.

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Paul Arthur Schilpp

Paul Arthur Schilpp (February 6, 1897 – September 6, 1993) was an American philosopher and educator.

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Peano–Russell notation

In mathematical logic, Peano–Russell notation was Bertrand Russell's application of Giuseppe Peano's logical notation to the logical notions of Frege and was used in the writing of Principia Mathematica in collaboration with Alfred North Whitehead: "The notation adopted in the present work is based upon that of Peano, and the following explanations are to some extent modelled on those which he prefixes to his Formulario Mathematico." (Chapter I: Preliminary Explanations of Ideas and Notations, page 4).

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Peerage

A peerage is a legal system historically comprising various hereditary titles (and sometimes non-hereditary titles) in a number of countries, and composed of assorted noble ranks.

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Pembroke Lodge, Richmond Park

Pembroke Lodge is a Georgian two-storey large house in Richmond Park in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames.

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Penrhyndeudraeth

Penrhyndeudraeth is a small town and community in the Welsh county of Gwynedd.

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Percy Bysshe Shelley

Percy Bysshe Shelley (4 August 1792 – 8 July 1822) was an English writer who is considered as one of the major English Romantic poets. Bertrand Russell and Percy Bysshe Shelley are 19th-century English essayists, British atheism activists, British critics of Christianity, British nonviolence advocates, English essayists, English humanists and secular humanists.

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Philadelphia

Philadelphia, colloquially referred to as Philly, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the sixth-most populous city in the nation, with a population of 1,603,797 in the 2020 census.

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Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden

Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden, PC (18 July 1864 – 15 May 1937) was a British politician.

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Philosophical Investigations

Philosophical Investigations (Philosophische Untersuchungen) is a work by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, published posthumously in 1953.

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Philosophical logic

Understood in a narrow sense, philosophical logic is the area of logic that studies the application of logical methods to philosophical problems, often in the form of extended logical systems like modal logic.

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Philosophy

Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language.

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Phobia

A phobia is an anxiety disorder, defined by an irrational, unrealistic, persistent and excessive fear of an object or situation.

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Physics

Physics is the natural science of matter, involving the study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.

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Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.

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Political views of Bertrand Russell

Aspects of philosopher, mathematician and social activist Bertrand Russell's views on society changed over nearly 80 years of prolific writing, beginning with his early work in 1896, until his death in February 1970.

See Bertrand Russell and Political views of Bertrand Russell

Population control

Population control is the practice of artificially maintaining the size of any population.

See Bertrand Russell and Population control

Porthcurno

Porthcurno (Porthkornow, Porthcornow, meaning "pinnacle cove", see below) is a small village covering a small valley and beach on the south coast of Cornwall, England in the United Kingdom.

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Power: A New Social Analysis by Bertrand Russell (1st imp. London 1938, Allen & Unwin, 328 pp.) is a work in social philosophy written by Bertrand Russell.

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Presbyterianism

Presbyterianism is a Reformed (Calvinist) Protestant tradition named for its form of church government by representative assemblies of elders.

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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom.

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Principia Mathematica

The Principia Mathematica (often abbreviated PM) is a three-volume work on the foundations of mathematics written by mathematician–philosophers Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell and published in 1910, 1912, and 1913.

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Prisoner of war

A prisoner of war (POW) is a person who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.

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Private property

Private property is a legal designation for the ownership of property by non-governmental legal entities.

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Progressive education

Progressive education, or educational progressivism, is a pedagogical movement that began in the late 19th century and has persisted in various forms to the present.

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Proposition

A proposition is a central concept in the philosophy of language, semantics, logic, and related fields, often characterized as the primary bearer of truth or falsity.

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Propositional calculus

The propositional calculus is a branch of logic.

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Propositional formula

In propositional logic, a propositional formula is a type of syntactic formula which is well formed.

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Quakers

Quakers are people who belong to the Religious Society of Friends, a historically Protestant Christian set of denominations.

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Quantifier (logic)

In logic, a quantifier is an operator that specifies how many individuals in the domain of discourse satisfy an open formula.

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Rabindranath Tagore

Rabindranath Tagore (7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941) was an Indian poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer, and painter of the Bengal Renaissance. Bertrand Russell and Rabindranath Tagore are Nobel laureates in Literature.

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Ramsay MacDonald

James Ramsay MacDonald (12 October 18669 November 1937) was a British statesman and politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, the first who belonged to the Labour Party, leading minority Labour governments for nine months in 1924 and again between 1929 and 1931. Bertrand Russell and Ramsay MacDonald are academics of the London School of Economics.

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Raphael Demos

Raphael Demos (Ραφαήλ Δήμου; January 23, 1892 – August 8, 1968) was a Greek-American philosopher.

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Ray Monk

Ray Monk (born 15 February 1957) is a British biographer who is renowned for his biographies of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Bertrand Russell, and J. Robert Oppenheimer. Bertrand Russell and Ray Monk are 20th-century English philosophers.

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Red Lion Square

Red Lion Square is a small square in Holborn, London.

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Reform Act 1832

The Representation of the People Act 1832 (also known as the Reform Act 1832, Great Reform Act or First Reform Act) was an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom (indexed as 2 & 3 Will. 4. c. 45) that introduced major changes to the electoral system of England and Wales.

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Reith Lectures

The Reith Lectures is a series of annual BBC radio lectures given by leading figures of the day.

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Relation (philosophy)

Relations are ways in which several entities stand to each other.

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Richmond Park

Richmond Park, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, is the largest of London's Royal Parks and is of national and international importance for wildlife conservation.

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Robert Rumsey Webb

Robert Rumsey Webb (9 July 1850 – 29 July 1936), known as R. R. Webb, was a successful coach for the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos. Bertrand Russell and Robert Rumsey Webb are 19th-century English mathematicians and 20th-century English mathematicians.

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Ronald W. Clark

William Ronald Clark, known as Ronald William Clark (2 November 1916 – 9 March 1987) was a British author of biography, fiction and non-fiction.

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Royal Society

The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences.

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Rupert Crawshay-Williams

Rupert Crawshay-Williams (23 February 1908 – 12 June 1977) was a music critic, teacher, writer, and philosopher. Bertrand Russell and Rupert Crawshay-Williams are English humanists.

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Russell Tribunal

The Russell Tribunal, also known as the International War Crimes Tribunal, Russell–Sartre Tribunal, or Stockholm Tribunal, was a private People's Tribunal organised in 1966 by Bertrand Russell, British philosopher and Nobel Prize winner, and hosted by French philosopher and writer Jean-Paul Sartre, along with Lelio Basso, Simone de Beauvoir, Vladimir Dedijer, Ralph Schoenman, Isaac Deutscher, Günther Anders and several others.

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Russell's paradox

In mathematical logic, Russell's paradox (also known as Russell's antinomy) is a set-theoretic paradox published by the British philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell in 1901.

See Bertrand Russell and Russell's paradox

Russell's teapot

Russell's teapot is an analogy, formulated by the philosopher Bertrand Russell (1872–1970), to illustrate that the philosophic burden of proof lies upon a person making empirically unfalsifiable claims, as opposed to shifting the burden of disproof to others.

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Russell–Einstein Manifesto

The Russell–Einstein Manifesto was issued in London on 9 July 1955 by Bertrand Russell in the midst of the Cold War.

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Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social change in Russia, starting in 1917.

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The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Soviet Republic and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I. was an independent federal socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous constituent republic of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR..

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Self-refuting idea

A self-refuting idea or self-defeating idea is an idea or statement whose falsehood is a logical consequence of the act or situation of holding them to be true.

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Set theory

Set theory is the branch of mathematical logic that studies sets, which can be informally described as collections of objects.

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Set-theoretic definition of natural numbers

In set theory, several ways have been proposed to construct the natural numbers.

See Bertrand Russell and Set-theoretic definition of natural numbers

Sexual ethics

Sexual ethics (also known as sex ethics or sexual morality) is a branch of philosophy that considers the ethics or morality of sexual behavior.

See Bertrand Russell and Sexual ethics

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (17 March 1920 – 15 August 1975), popularly known by the honorific prefix Bangabandhu, was a Bangladeshi politician, revolutionary, statesman, activist and diarist.

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Sheikh Russel

Sheikh Russel (October 18, 1964 – August 15, 1975) was the youngest child of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father and first President of Bangladesh.

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Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield

Sidney James Webb, 1st Baron Passfield, (13 July 1859 – 13 October 1947) was a British socialist, economist and reformer, who co-founded the London School of Economics. Bertrand Russell and Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield are academics of the London School of Economics, English socialists, Labour Party (UK) hereditary peers, members of the Order of Merit and writers about the Soviet Union.

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Simone de Beauvoir

Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir (9 January 1908 – 14 April 1986) was a French existentialist philosopher, writer, social theorist, and feminist activist. Bertrand Russell and Simone de Beauvoir are Atheist philosophers, Jerusalem Prize recipients and philosophers of sexuality.

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Singleton (mathematics)

In mathematics, a singleton (also known as a unit set or one-point set) is a set with exactly one element.

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Six-Day War

The Six-Day War, also known as the June War, 1967 Arab–Israeli War or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states (primarily Egypt, Syria, and Jordan) from 5 to 10 June 1967.

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Social justice is justice in relation to the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society where individuals' rights are recognized and protected.

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Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership.

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South Vietnam

South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (RVN; Việt Nam Cộng hòa; VNCH, République du Viêt Nam), was a country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of the Cold War after the 1954 division of Vietnam.

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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Spanish Inquisition

The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (Inquisición española), was established in 1478 by the Catholic Monarchs, King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile.

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Sphere of influence

In the field of international relations, a sphere of influence is a spatial region or concept division over which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military, or political exclusivity.

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Stalinism

Stalinism is the totalitarian means of governing and Marxist–Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1927 to 1953 by dictator Joseph Stalin.

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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) is a freely available online philosophy resource published and maintained by Stanford University, encompassing both an online encyclopedia of philosophy and peer-reviewed original publication.

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Stephen Hobhouse

Stephen Henry Hobhouse (5 August 1881 – 2 April 1961) was an English peace activist, prison reformer, and religious writer. Bertrand Russell and Stephen Hobhouse are English prisoners and detainees.

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Structuralism (philosophy of science)

In the philosophy of science, structuralism (also known as scientific structuralism or as the structuralistic theory-concept) asserts that all aspects of reality are best understood in terms of empirical scientific constructs of entities and their relations, rather than in terms of concrete entities in themselves.

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Suez Canal

The Suez Canal (قَنَاةُ ٱلسُّوَيْسِ) is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia (and by extension, the Sinai Peninsula from the rest of Egypt).

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Suez Crisis

The Suez Crisis or the Second Arab–Israeli War, also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression in the Arab world and as the Sinai War in Israel, was a British–French–Israeli invasion of Egypt in 1956.

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Superstition

A superstition is any belief or practice considered by non-practitioners to be irrational or supernatural, attributed to fate or magic, perceived supernatural influence, or fear of that which is unknown.

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Sylvester Medal

The Sylvester Medal is a bronze medal awarded by the Royal Society for the encouragement of mathematical research, and accompanied by a £1,000 prize.

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T. S. Eliot

Thomas Stearns Eliot (26 September 18884 January 1965) was a poet, essayist and playwright. Bertrand Russell and T. S. Eliot are members of the Order of Merit, Nobel laureates in Literature and writers about activism and social change.

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Tensor product of graphs

In graph theory, the tensor product of graphs and is a graph such that.

See Bertrand Russell and Tensor product of graphs

The Bertrand Russell Case

The Bertrand Russell Case, known officially as Kay v. Board of Higher Education, was a case concerning the appointment of Bertrand Russell as Professor of Philosophy of the College of the City of New York, as well as a collection of articles on the aforementioned case, edited by John Dewey and Horace M.

See Bertrand Russell and The Bertrand Russell Case

The Brains Trust

The Brains Trust was an informational BBC radio and later television programme popular in the United Kingdom during the 1940s and 1950s, on which a panel of experts tried to answer questions sent in by the audience.

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The Buddha

Siddhartha Gautama, most commonly referred to as the Buddha ('the awakened'), was a wandering ascetic and religious teacher who lived in South Asia during the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism. Bertrand Russell and the Buddha are philosophers of love.

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The Nation

The Nation is a progressive American monthly magazine that covers political and cultural news, opinion, and analysis.

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The New Republic

The New Republic is an American publisher focused on domestic politics, news, culture, and the arts, with ten magazines a year and a daily online platform.

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The Observer

The Observer is a British newspaper published on Sundays.

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The Principles of Mathematics

The Principles of Mathematics (PoM) is a 1903 book by Bertrand Russell, in which the author presented his famous paradox and argued his thesis that mathematics and logic are identical.

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The Problems of Philosophy

The Problems of Philosophy is a 1912 book by the philosopher Bertrand Russell, in which the author attempts to create a brief and accessible guide to the problems of philosophy.

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The Right Honourable

The Right Honourable (abbreviation: The Rt Hon. or variations) is an honorific style traditionally applied to certain persons and collective bodies in the United Kingdom, the former British Empire and the Commonwealth of Nations.

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The Times

The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London.

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Theory of descriptions

The theory of descriptions is the philosopher Bertrand Russell's most significant contribution to the philosophy of language.

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Thermonuclear weapon

A thermonuclear weapon, fusion weapon or hydrogen bomb (H bomb) is a second-generation nuclear weapon design.

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Today (BBC Radio 4)

Today, colloquially known as the Today programme, is BBC Radio 4's long-running morning news and current-affairs radio programme.

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Totalitarianism

Totalitarianism is a political system and a form of government that prohibits opposition political parties, disregards and outlaws the political claims of individual and group opposition to the state, and controls the public sphere and the private sphere of society.

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Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

The Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (widely abbreviated and cited as TLP) is the only book-length philosophical work by the Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein that was published during his lifetime.

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Traditional education

Traditional education, also known as back-to-basics, conventional education or customary education, refers to long-established customs that society has traditionally used in schools.

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Trellech

Trellech (occasionally spelt Trelech, Treleck or Trelleck; Tryleg) is a village and parish in Monmouthshire, south-east Wales.

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Trinity College, Cambridge

Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge.

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Trondheim

Trondheim (Tråante), historically Kaupangen, Nidaros, and Trondhjem, is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway.

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Twelve Olympians

relief (1st century BCendash1st century AD) depicting the twelve Olympians carrying their attributes in procession; from left to right: Hestia (scepter), Hermes (winged cap and staff), Aphrodite (veiled), Ares (helmet and spear), Demeter (scepter and wheat sheaf), Hephaestus (staff), Hera (scepter), Poseidon (trident), Athena (owl and helmet), Zeus (thunderbolt and staff), Artemis (bow and quiver) and Apollo (lyre) from the Walters Art Museum.Walters Art Museum, http://art.thewalters.org/detail/38764 accession number 23.40.

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Type system

In computer programming, a type system is a logical system comprising a set of rules that assigns a property called a ''type'' (for example, integer, floating point, string) to every term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols).

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Type theory

In mathematics and theoretical computer science, a type theory is the formal presentation of a specific type system.

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U Thant

Thant (22 January 1909 – 25 November 1974), known honorifically as U Thant, was a Burmese diplomat and the third secretary-general of the United Nations from 1961 to 1971, the first non-Scandinavian to hold the position.

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Union of Soviet Writers

The Union of Soviet Writers, USSR Union of Writers, or Soviet Union of Writers (translit) was a creative union of professional writers in the Soviet Union.

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United Nations Security Council

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter.

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Unity of the proposition

In philosophy, the unity of the proposition is the problem of explaining how a sentence in the indicative mood expresses more than just what a list of proper names expresses.

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Universal basic income

Universal basic income (UBI) is a social welfare proposal in which all citizens of a given population regularly receive a minimum income in the form of an unconditional transfer payment, i.e., without a means test or need to work.

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Universe (mathematics)

In mathematics, and particularly in set theory, category theory, type theory, and the foundations of mathematics, a universe is a collection that contains all the entities one wishes to consider in a given situation.

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University of California, Los Angeles

The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California, United States.

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University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge is a public collegiate research university in Cambridge, England.

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University of Chicago

The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, U of C, or UChi) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.

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University of Oxford

The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England.

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Unmoved mover

The unmoved mover (that which moves without being moved) or prime mover (primum movens) is a concept advanced by Aristotle as a primary cause (or first uncaused cause) or "mover" of all the motion in the universe.

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Utilitarianism

In ethical philosophy, utilitarianism is a family of normative ethical theories that prescribe actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the affected individuals.

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V. K. Krishna Menon

Vengalil Krishnan Krishna Menon (3 May 1896 – 6 October 1974) was an Indian academic, independence activist, politician, lawyer, and statesman.

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Ved Mehta

Ved Parkash Mehta (21 March 19349 January 2021) was an Indian-born writer who lived and worked mainly in the United States.

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Victor Gollancz

Sir Victor Gollancz (9 April 1893 – 8 February 1967) was a British publisher and humanitarian. Bertrand Russell and Victor Gollancz are British ethicists and English socialists.

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Victorian morality

Victorian morality is a distillation of the moral views of the middle class in 19th-century Britain, the Victorian era.

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Vietnam War

The Vietnam War was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.

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Vivienne Haigh-Wood Eliot

Vivienne Haigh-Wood Eliot (also Vivien, born Vivienne Haigh; 28 May 1888 – 22 January 1947) was the first wife of American-British poet T. S. Eliot, whom she married in 1915, less than three months after their introduction by mutual friends, when Vivienne was a governess in Cambridge and Eliot was studying at Oxford.

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Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. Bertrand Russell and Vladimir Lenin are 20th-century atheists, anti-nationalists and Atheist philosophers.

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Volga

The Volga (p) is the longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of, and a catchment area of., Russian State Water Registry It is also Europe's largest river in terms of average discharge at delta – between and – and of drainage basin.

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Wales

Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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War of Attrition

The War of Attrition (Ḥarb al-Istinzāf; Milḥemet haHatashah) involved fighting between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) and their allies from 1967 to 1970.

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Warren Commission

The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known unofficially as the Warren Commission, was established by President Lyndon B. Johnson through on November 29, 1963, to investigate the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy that had taken place on November 22, 1963.

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Western philosophy

Western philosophy, the part of philosophical thought and work of the Western world.

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Westminster School

Westminster School is a public school in Westminster, London, England, in the precincts of Westminster Abbey.

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Whigs (British political party)

The Whigs were a political party in the Parliaments of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom.

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Why I Am Not a Christian

Why I Am Not a Christian is an essay by the British philosopher Bertrand Russell.

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Why Men Fight (book)

Why Men Fight (Why Men Fight: a method of abolishing the international duel) is a 1916 book by mathematician and philosopher Bertrand Russell.

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William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections

The William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections is the principal repository for rare books, archives, maps and historical material at McMaster University.

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Wimbledon (UK Parliament constituency)

Wimbledon is a constituency in Greater London represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.

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Wolfgang Paalen

Wolfgang Robert Paalen (July 22, 1905 in Vienna, Austria – September 24, 1959 in Taxco, Mexico) was an Austrian-Mexican painter, sculptor, and art philosopher.

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World Congress of Philosophy

The World Congress of Philosophy (originally known as the International Congress of Philosophy) is a global meeting of philosophers held every five years under the auspices of the International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP).

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World constitution

A world constitution is a proposed framework or document aimed at establishing a system of global governance.

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World Constitutional Convention

The World Constitutional Convention (WCC), also known as the World Constituent Assembly (WCA) or the First World Constituent Assembly, took place in Interlaken, Switzerland and Wolfach, Germany, 1968.

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World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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Wrangler (University of Cambridge)

At the University of Cambridge in England, a "Wrangler" is a student who gains first-class honours in the Mathematical Tripos competition.

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Zionism

Zionism is an ethno-cultural nationalist movement that emerged in Europe in the late 19th century and aimed for the establishment of a Jewish state through the colonization of a land outside of Europe.

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1907 Wimbledon by-election

The 1907 Wimbledon by-election was held on 14 May 1907.

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1922 United Kingdom general election

The 1922 United Kingdom general election was held on Wednesday 15 November 1922.

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1923 United Kingdom general election

The 1923 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday 6 December 1923.

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1950 Nobel Prize in Literature

The 1950 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded the British philosopher Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought." He is the fourth philosopher to become a recipient of the prize after the French analytic-continental philosopher Henri Bergson in 1927, and was followed by the French-Algerian existentialist Albert Camus in 1957.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell

Also known as 16 Questions on the Assassination, 3rd Earl Russell, B. A. W. Russell, B. Russell, Bertram Russell, Bertrand Arthur William 3rd Earl Russell, Bertrand Arthur William Russell, Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS, Bertrand Arthur William Russell, Third Earl Russell, Bertrand Arthur William, 3rd Earl Russell, Bertrand Arthur William, 3rd Earl Russell Russell, Bertrand Russel, Bertrand Russell Soc Bull, Bertrand Russell Soc. Bull., Bertrand Russell Society, Bertrand Russell Society Bulletin, Bertrand Russell bibliography, Bertrand Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, Bertrand, Earl Russell, Betrand Russell, Betrand russel, Earl Bertrand Arthur William Russell, Human Knowledge: Its Scope & Limits, Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits, Katharine Jane Russell, Katharine Tait, Lady Katharine Tait, Lady Katherine Tait, Lord Bertrand Russell, Religious views of Bertrand Russell, Russell (journal), Russell Bertrand, Russell, Bertrand Arthur William, 3rd Earl Russell, Russell: J Bertrand Russell Stud, Russell: J. Bertrand Russell Stud., Russell: The Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies, Russell: The Journal of the Bertrand Russell Archives, Russellian, The Conquest of Happiness, The Practice & Theory of Bolshevism, The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism, Unpopular Essays.

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Eliot, Tensor product of graphs, The Bertrand Russell Case, The Brains Trust, The Buddha, The Nation, The New Republic, The Observer, The Principles of Mathematics, The Problems of Philosophy, The Right Honourable, The Times, Theory of descriptions, Thermonuclear weapon, Today (BBC Radio 4), Totalitarianism, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, Traditional education, Trellech, Trinity College, Cambridge, Trondheim, Twelve Olympians, Type system, Type theory, U Thant, Union of Soviet Writers, United Nations Security Council, Unity of the proposition, Universal basic income, Universe (mathematics), University of California, Los Angeles, University of Cambridge, University of Chicago, University of Oxford, Unmoved mover, Utilitarianism, V. K. 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Bertrand Russell, the Glossary

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