en.unionpedia.org

Biological rules, the Glossary

A biological rule or biological law is a generalized law, principle, or rule of thumb formulated to describe patterns observed in living organisms.^[1]

116 relations: Allen's rule, Animal, Aristotle, Aristotle's biology, Arthropod, Artiodactyl, Belgium, Benthic zone, Bergmann's rule, Bernhard Rensch, Biogeography, Biological pigment, C. L. Gloger, Carl Bergmann (anatomist), Carlo Emery, Clade, Cladistics, Clutch (eggs), Competitive exclusion principle, Cope's rule, Crayfish, Crustacean, Current Biology, David Lack, David Starr Jordan, Deep-sea gigantism, Dollo's law of irreversibility, Ecological niche, Ecology, Ecology Letters, Eduardo H. Rapoport, Edward Drinker Cope, Eichler's rule, Embryo, Emery's rule, Equator, Ernst Haeckel, Evolution, Evolution (journal), Extinction, Fecundity, Fish fin, Foster's rule, France, Gene, Genetics (journal), Georgy Gause, Gloger's rule, Great chain of being, Gunnar Thorson, ... Expand index (66 more) »
Biology

Allen's rule

Allen's rule is an ecogeographical rule formulated by Joel Asaph Allen in 1877, broadly stating that animals adapted to cold climates have shorter and thicker limbs and bodily appendages than animals adapted to warm climates.

See Biological rules and Allen's rule

Animal

Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia.

See Biological rules and Animal

Aristotle

Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.

See Biological rules and Aristotle

Aristotle's biology

Aristotle's biology is the theory of biology, grounded in systematic observation and collection of data, mainly zoological, embodied in Aristotle's books on the science.

See Biological rules and Aristotle's biology

Arthropod

Arthropods are invertebrates in the phylum Arthropoda.

See Biological rules and Arthropod

Artiodactyl

Artiodactyls are placental mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla. Typically, they are ungulates which bear weight equally on two (an even number) of their five toes (the third and fourth, often in the form of a hoof).

See Biological rules and Artiodactyl

Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe.

See Biological rules and Belgium

Benthic zone

The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean, lake, or stream, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers.

See Biological rules and Benthic zone

Bergmann's rule

Bergmann's rule is an ecogeographical rule that states that, within a broadly distributed taxonomic clade, populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, while populations and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions.

See Biological rules and Bergmann's rule

Bernhard Rensch

Bernhard Rensch (21 January 1900 – 4 April 1990) was a German evolutionary biologist and ornithologist who did field work in Indonesia and India.

See Biological rules and Bernhard Rensch

Biogeography

Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.

See Biological rules and Biogeography

Biological pigment

Biological pigments, also known simply as pigments or biochromes, are substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption.

See Biological rules and Biological pigment

C. L. Gloger

Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger (17 September 1803 near Grottkau, Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia – 30 December 1863 in Berlin) was a German zoologist and ornithologist.

See Biological rules and C. L. Gloger

Carl Bergmann (anatomist)

Carl Georg Lucas Christian Bergmann (18 May 1814 – 30 April 1865), also known as Karl Georg Lucas Christian Bergmann, was a German anatomist, physiologist, and biologist.

See Biological rules and Carl Bergmann (anatomist)

Carlo Emery

Carlo Emery (25 October 1848, Naples – 11 May 1925) was an Italian entomologist.

See Biological rules and Carlo Emery

Clade

In biological phylogenetics, a clade, also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a grouping of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree.

See Biological rules and Clade

Cladistics

Cladistics is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry.

See Biological rules and Cladistics

Clutch (eggs)

A clutch of eggs is the group of eggs produced by birds, amphibians, or reptiles, often at a single time, particularly those laid in a nest.

See Biological rules and Clutch (eggs)

Competitive exclusion principle

In ecology, the competitive exclusion principle, sometimes referred to as Gause's law, is a proposition that two species which compete for the same limited resource cannot coexist at constant population values.

See Biological rules and Competitive exclusion principle

Cope's rule

Cope's rule, named after American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope, postulates that population lineages tend to increase in body size over evolutionary time.

See Biological rules and Cope's rule

Crayfish

Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the infraorder Astacidea, which also contains lobsters.

See Biological rules and Crayfish

Crustacean

Crustaceans are a group of arthropods that are a part of the subphylum Crustacea, a large, diverse group of mainly aquatic arthropods including decapods (shrimps, prawns, crabs, lobsters and crayfish), seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, opossum shrimps, amphipods and mantis shrimp.

See Biological rules and Crustacean

Current Biology

Current Biology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers all areas of biology, especially molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, neurobiology, ecology, and evolutionary biology.

See Biological rules and Current Biology

David Lack

David Lambert Lack FRS (16 July 1910 – 12 March 1973) was a British evolutionary biologist who made contributions to ornithology, ecology, and ethology.

See Biological rules and David Lack

David Starr Jordan

David Starr Jordan (January 19, 1851 – September 19, 1931) was the founding president of Stanford University, serving from 1891 to 1913.

See Biological rules and David Starr Jordan

Deep-sea gigantism

In zoology, deep-sea gigantism or abyssal gigantism is the tendency for species of deep-sea dwelling animals to be larger than their shallower-water relatives across a large taxonomic range.

See Biological rules and Deep-sea gigantism

Dollo's law of irreversibility

Dollo's law of irreversibility (also known as Dollo's law and Dollo's principle), proposed in 1893 by Belgian paleontologist Louis Dollo states that, "an organism never returns exactly to a former state, even if it finds itself placed in conditions of existence identical to those in which it has previously lived...

See Biological rules and Dollo's law of irreversibility

Ecological niche

In ecology, a niche is the match of a species to a specific environmental condition. Biological rules and Ecological niche are biogeography and ecology.

See Biological rules and Ecological niche

Ecology

Ecology is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment.

See Biological rules and Ecology

Ecology Letters

Ecology Letters is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley and the French National Centre for Scientific Research.

See Biological rules and Ecology Letters

Eduardo H. Rapoport

Eduardo Hugo Rapoport (July 3, 1927 - May 16, 2017) was an Argentinian ecologist and emeritus professor at Universidad Nacional del Comahue.

See Biological rules and Eduardo H. Rapoport

Edward Drinker Cope

Edward Drinker Cope (July 28, 1840 – April 12, 1897) was an American zoologist, paleontologist, comparative anatomist, herpetologist, and ichthyologist.

See Biological rules and Edward Drinker Cope

Eichler's rule

Eichler's rule is one of several coevolutionary rules which states that parasites tend to be highly specific to their hosts, and thus it seems reasonable to expect a positive co-variation between the taxonomic richness of hosts and that of their parasites.

See Biological rules and Eichler's rule

Embryo

An embryo is the initial stage of development for a multicellular organism.

See Biological rules and Embryo

Emery's rule

Emery's rule is the trend of social parasites to be parasites to species or genera they are closely related to.

See Biological rules and Emery's rule

Equator

The equator is a circle of latitude that divides a spheroid, such as Earth, into the Northern and Southern hemispheres.

See Biological rules and Equator

Ernst Haeckel

Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a German zoologist, naturalist, eugenicist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist and artist.

See Biological rules and Ernst Haeckel

Evolution

Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

See Biological rules and Evolution

Evolution (journal)

Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution, is a monthly scientific journal that publishes significant new results of empirical or theoretical investigations concerning facts, processes, mechanics, or concepts of evolutionary phenomena and events.

See Biological rules and Evolution (journal)

Extinction

Extinction is the termination of a taxon by the death of its last member. Biological rules and Extinction are ecology.

See Biological rules and Extinction

Fecundity

Fecundity is defined in two ways; in human demography, it is the potential for reproduction of a recorded population as opposed to a sole organism, while in population biology, it is considered similar to fertility, the natural capability to produce offspring, measured by the number of gametes (eggs), seed set, or asexual propagules.

See Biological rules and Fecundity

Fish fin

Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish swim.

See Biological rules and Fish fin

Foster's rule

Foster's rule, also known as the island rule or the island effect, is an ecogeographical rule in evolutionary biology stating that members of a species get smaller or bigger depending on the resources available in the environment.

See Biological rules and Foster's rule

France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

See Biological rules and France

Gene

In biology, the word gene has two meanings.

See Biological rules and Gene

Genetics (journal)

Genetics is a monthly scientific journal publishing investigations bearing on heredity, genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology.

See Biological rules and Genetics (journal)

Georgy Gause

Georgy Frantsevich Gause (Гео́ргий Фра́нцевич Га́узе; December 27, 1910 – May 2, 1986), was a Soviet and Russian biologist and evolutionist, who proposed the competitive exclusion principle, fundamental to the science of ecology.

See Biological rules and Georgy Gause

Gloger's rule

Gloger's rule is an ecogeographical rule which states that within a species of endotherms, more heavily pigmented forms tend to be found in more humid environments, e.g. near the equator.

See Biological rules and Gloger's rule

Great chain of being

The great chain of being is a hierarchical structure of all matter and life, thought by medieval Christianity to have been decreed by God.

See Biological rules and Great chain of being

Gunnar Thorson

Gunnar Axel Wright Thorson (31 December 190625 January 1971) was a Danish marine zoologist and ecologist, who studied at the University of Copenhagen under the professors C.G. Johannes Petersen, August Krogh, Theodor Mortensen, Ragnar Spärck and Carl Wesenberg-Lund.

See Biological rules and Gunnar Thorson

Haldane's rule

Haldane's rule is an observation about the early stage of speciation, formulated in 1922 by the British evolutionary biologist J. B. S. Haldane, that states that if — in a species hybrid — only one sex is inviable or sterile, that sex is more likely to be the heterogametic sex.

See Biological rules and Haldane's rule

Harrison's rule

Harrison's rule is an observation in evolutionary biology by Launcelot Harrison which states that in comparisons across closely related species, host and parasite body sizes tend to covary positively.

See Biological rules and Harrison's rule

Henry Nottidge Moseley

Henry Nottidge Moseley FRS (14 November 1844 – 10 November 1891) was a British naturalist who sailed on the global scientific expedition of HMS ''Challenger'' in 1872 through 1876.

See Biological rules and Henry Nottidge Moseley

Heterogametic sex

The heterogametic sex (or digametic sex) is the sex of a species where an individual's gametes have non-matching sex chromosomes.

See Biological rules and Heterogametic sex

Humidity

Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air.

See Biological rules and Humidity

Hybrid (biology)

In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different varieties, subspecies, species or genera through sexual reproduction.

See Biological rules and Hybrid (biology)

Ichthyology

Ichthyology is the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish, including bony fish (Osteichthyes), cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes), and jawless fish (Agnatha).

See Biological rules and Ichthyology

Ivan Schmalhausen

Ivan Ivanovich Schmalhausen (Ива́н Ива́нович Шмальга́узен; 23 April 1884 – 7 October 1963) was a Russian and later Soviet zoologist and evolutionary biologist of German descent.

See Biological rules and Ivan Schmalhausen

J. B. S. Haldane

John Burdon Sanderson Haldane (5 November 18921 December 1964), nicknamed "Jack" or "JBS", was a British-Indian scientist who worked in physiology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and mathematics.

See Biological rules and J. B. S. Haldane

Joel Asaph Allen

Joel Asaph Allen (July 19, 1838 – August 29, 1921) was an American zoologist, mammalogist, and ornithologist.

See Biological rules and Joel Asaph Allen

Johann Friedrich Meckel

Johann Friedrich Meckel (17 October 1781 – 31 October 1833), often referred to as Johann Friedrich Meckel, the Younger, was a German anatomist born in Halle.

See Biological rules and Johann Friedrich Meckel

Jordan's rule

Jordan's rule (sense 1) is an ecogeographical rule that describes the inverse relationship between water temperature and meristic characteristics in various species of fish.

See Biological rules and Jordan's rule

Journal of Biogeography

The Journal of Biogeography is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in biogeography that was established in 1974.

See Biological rules and Journal of Biogeography

Karl Ernst von Baer

Karl Ernst Ritter von Baer Edler von Huthorn (–) was a Baltic German scientist and explorer.

See Biological rules and Karl Ernst von Baer

Kin selection

Kin selection is a process whereby natural selection favours a trait due to its positive effects on the reproductive success of an organism's relatives, even when at a cost to the organism's own survival and reproduction.

See Biological rules and Kin selection

Lack's principle

Lack's principle, proposed by the British ornithologist David Lack in 1954, states that "the clutch size of each species of bird has been adapted by natural selection to correspond with the largest number of young for which the parents can, on average, provide enough food".

See Biological rules and Lack's principle

Latitude

In geography, latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body.

See Biological rules and Latitude

Leigh Van Valen

Leigh Van Valen (August 12, 1935 – October 16, 2010) was an American evolutionary biologist.

See Biological rules and Leigh Van Valen

Life expectancy

Human life expectancy is a statistical measure of the estimate of the average remaining years of life at a given age.

See Biological rules and Life expectancy

Lineage (evolution)

An evolutionary lineage is a temporal series of populations, organisms, cells, or genes connected by a continuous line of descent from ancestor to descendant.

See Biological rules and Lineage (evolution)

Louis Dollo

Louis Antoine Marie Joseph Dollo (Lille, 7 December 1857 – Brussels, 19 April 1931) was a Belgian palaeontologist, known for his work on dinosaurs.

See Biological rules and Louis Dollo

Louse

Louse (lice) is the common name for any member of the clade Phthiraptera, which contains nearly 5,000 species of wingless parasitic insects.

See Biological rules and Louse

Mammal

A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.

See Biological rules and Mammal

Marine invertebrates

Marine invertebrates are the invertebrates that live in marine habitats.

See Biological rules and Marine invertebrates

Meristics

Meristics is an area of zoology and botany which relates to counting quantitative features of animals and plants, such as the number of fins or scales in fish.

See Biological rules and Meristics

Natural selection

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

See Biological rules and Natural selection

Nature (journal)

Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.

See Biological rules and Nature (journal)

Negative relationship

In statistics, there is a negative relationship or inverse relationship between two variables if higher values of one variable tend to be associated with lower values of the other.

See Biological rules and Negative relationship

Oecologia

Oecologia is an international peer-reviewed English-language journal published by Springer since 1968 (some articles were published in German or French until 1976).

See Biological rules and Oecologia

Ovoviviparity

Ovoviviparity, ovovivipary, ovivipary, or aplacental viviparity is a term used as a "bridging" form of reproduction between egg-laying oviparous and live-bearing viviparous reproduction.

See Biological rules and Ovoviviparity

Paleontology

Paleontology, also spelled palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of life that existed prior to the start of the Holocene epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present).

See Biological rules and Paleontology

Parasitism

Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. Biological rules and Parasitism are ecology.

See Biological rules and Parasitism

Parasitology (journal)

Parasitology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the area of parasitology, including the biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, ecology and epidemiology of eukaryotic parasites, and the relationship between the host and the parasite.

See Biological rules and Parasitology (journal)

Pelagic zone

The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean and can be further divided into regions by depth.

See Biological rules and Pelagic zone

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society.

See Biological rules and Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B

Pinniped

Pinnipeds (pronounced), commonly known as seals, are a widely distributed and diverse clade of carnivorous, fin-footed, semiaquatic, mostly marine mammals.

See Biological rules and Pinniped

Plant

Plants are the eukaryotes that form the kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly photosynthetic.

See Biological rules and Plant

Population

Population is the term typically used to refer to the number of people in a single area.

See Biological rules and Population

Pregnancy (mammals)

In mammals, pregnancy is the period of reproduction during which a female carries one or more live offspring from implantation in the uterus through gestation.

See Biological rules and Pregnancy (mammals)

Primate

Primates is an order of mammals, which is further divided into the strepsirrhines, which include lemurs, galagos, and lorisids; and the haplorhines, which include tarsiers; and the simians, which include monkeys and apes.

See Biological rules and Primate

Principle

A principle is a fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of beliefs or behavior or a chain of reasoning.

See Biological rules and Principle

Rapoport's rule

Rapoport's rule is an ecogeographical rule that states that latitudinal ranges of plants and animals are generally smaller at lower latitudes than at higher latitudes.

See Biological rules and Rapoport's rule

Recapitulation theory

The theory of recapitulation, also called the biogenetic law or embryological parallelism—often expressed using Ernst Haeckel's phrase "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny"—is an historical hypothesis that the development of the embryo of an animal, from fertilization to gestation or hatching (ontogeny), goes through stages resembling or representing successive adult stages in the evolution of the animal's remote ancestors (phylogeny).

See Biological rules and Recapitulation theory

Rensch's rule

Rensch's rule is a biological rule on allometrics, concerning the relationship between the extent of sexual size dimorphism and which sex is larger.

See Biological rules and Rensch's rule

Rule of thumb

In English, the phrase rule of thumb refers to an approximate method for doing something, based on practical experience rather than theory.

See Biological rules and Rule of thumb

Samuel Wendell Williston

Samuel Wendell Williston (July 10, 1852 – August 30, 1918) was an American educator, entomologist, and paleontologist who was the first to propose that birds developed flight cursorially (by running), rather than arboreally (by leaping from tree to tree).

See Biological rules and Samuel Wendell Williston

Scientific law

Scientific laws or laws of science are statements, based on repeated experiments or observations, that describe or predict a range of natural phenomena.

See Biological rules and Scientific law

Scientific modelling

Scientific modelling is an activity that produces models representing empirical objects, phenomena, and physical processes, to make a particular part or feature of the world easier to understand, define, quantify, visualize, or simulate.

See Biological rules and Scientific modelling

Sexual dimorphism

Sexual dimorphism is the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different morphological characteristics, particularly characteristics not directly involved in reproduction.

See Biological rules and Sexual dimorphism

Skepticism

Skepticism, also spelled scepticism in British English, is a questioning attitude or doubt toward knowledge claims that are seen as mere belief or dogma.

See Biological rules and Skepticism

Species

A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.

See Biological rules and Species

Sterility (physiology)

Sterility is the physiological inability to effect sexual reproduction in a living thing, members of whose kind have been produced sexually.

See Biological rules and Sterility (physiology)

Tetrapod

A tetrapod is any four-limbed vertebrate animal of the superclass Tetrapoda.

See Biological rules and Tetrapod

The American Naturalist

The American Naturalist is the monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of the American Society of Naturalists, whose purpose is "to advance and to diffuse knowledge of organic evolution and other broad biological principles so as to enhance the conceptual unification of the biological sciences." It was established in 1867 and is published by the University of Chicago Press.

See Biological rules and The American Naturalist

Thorson's rule

Thorson's rule (named after Gunnar Thorson by S. A. Mileikovsky in 1971) Mileikovsky, S. A. 1971.

See Biological rules and Thorson's rule

Tree of life (biology)

The tree of life or universal tree of life is a metaphor, conceptual model, and research tool used to explore the evolution of life and describe the relationships between organisms, both living and extinct, as described in a famous passage in Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859).

See Biological rules and Tree of life (biology)

Trends (journals)

Trends is a series of 16 review journals in a range of areas of biology and chemistry published under its Cell Press imprint by Elsevier.

See Biological rules and Trends (journals)

Trilobite

Trilobites (meaning "three lobes") are extinct marine arthropods that form the class Trilobita.

See Biological rules and Trilobite

Viviparity

In animals, viviparity is development of the embryo inside the body of the mother, with the maternal circulation providing for the metabolic needs of the embryo's development, until the mother gives birth to a fully or partially developed juvenile that is at least metabolically independent.

See Biological rules and Viviparity

Von Baer's laws (embryology)

In developmental biology, von Baer's laws of embryology (or laws of development) are four rules proposed by Karl Ernst von Baer to explain the observed pattern of embryonic development in different species.

See Biological rules and Von Baer's laws (embryology)

W. D. Hamilton

William Donald Hamilton (1 August 1936 – 7 March 2000) was a British evolutionary biologist, recognised as one of the most significant evolutionary theorists of the 20th century.

See Biological rules and W. D. Hamilton

Warm-blooded

Warm-blooded is an informal term referring to animal species whose bodies maintain a temperature higher than that of their environment.

See Biological rules and Warm-blooded

Willi Hennig

Emil Hans Willi Hennig (20 April 1913 – 5 November 1976) was a German biologist and zoologist who is considered the founder of phylogenetic systematics, otherwise known as cladistics.

See Biological rules and Willi Hennig

William Bateson

William Bateson (8 August 1861 – 8 February 1926) was an English biologist who was the first person to use the term genetics to describe the study of heredity, and the chief populariser of the ideas of Gregor Mendel following their rediscovery in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns.

See Biological rules and William Bateson

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

The Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering zoology published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Linnean Society.

See Biological rules and Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Zoologischer Anzeiger – A Journal of Comparative Zoology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal specialising in the field of comparative zoology.

See Biological rules and Zoologischer Anzeiger

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_rules

Also known as Biogeographical rule, Biological laws, Biological rule, Ecogeographic rule, Ecogeographical rule, Ecogeographical rules, Ecological rule, Laws of biology, Zoological rule, Zoological rules.

, Haldane's rule, Harrison's rule, Henry Nottidge Moseley, Heterogametic sex, Humidity, Hybrid (biology), Ichthyology, Ivan Schmalhausen, J. B. S. Haldane, Joel Asaph Allen, Johann Friedrich Meckel, Jordan's rule, Journal of Biogeography, Karl Ernst von Baer, Kin selection, Lack's principle, Latitude, Leigh Van Valen, Life expectancy, Lineage (evolution), Louis Dollo, Louse, Mammal, Marine invertebrates, Meristics, Natural selection, Nature (journal), Negative relationship, Oecologia, Ovoviviparity, Paleontology, Parasitism, Parasitology (journal), Pelagic zone, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, Pinniped, Plant, Population, Pregnancy (mammals), Primate, Principle, Rapoport's rule, Recapitulation theory, Rensch's rule, Rule of thumb, Samuel Wendell Williston, Scientific law, Scientific modelling, Sexual dimorphism, Skepticism, Species, Sterility (physiology), Tetrapod, The American Naturalist, Thorson's rule, Tree of life (biology), Trends (journals), Trilobite, Viviparity, Von Baer's laws (embryology), W. D. Hamilton, Warm-blooded, Willi Hennig, William Bateson, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoologischer Anzeiger.

Biological rules, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Biology

References