Biosafety level, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 239 relations: Addlestone, Aeromedical Isolation Team, Aerosol, Airlock, American Biological Safety Association, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Argentina, Army of the Czech Republic, Atlanta, Australian Academy of Science, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Autoclave, B virus, Bacillus subtilis, Belarus, Berlin, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, Bhopal, Bioaerosol, Biocontainment, Biological agent, Biological hazard, Biosafety, Biosafety cabinet, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Bluetongue disease, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Boston, Boston University, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Brétigny-sur-Orge, Brucella, Budapest, Buenos Aires, Campinas, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, Canton of Bern, Canton of Geneva, Capas, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Cheongju, Chikungunya, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chlamydia psittaci, Colindale, ... Expand index (189 more) »

2. Biological hazards
3. Biosafety level 3 laboratories
4. Biosafety level 4 laboratories

Addlestone

Addlestone is a town in Surrey, England.

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Aeromedical Isolation Team

The Aeromedical Isolation Team (AIT, or SMART-AIT) of the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) at Fort Detrick, Maryland was a military rapid response team with worldwide airlift capability designed to safely evacuate and manage contagious patients under high-level (BSL-4) bio-containment conditions. Biosafety level and Aeromedical Isolation Team are biological hazards.

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Aerosol

An aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas.

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Airlock

An airlock is a room or compartment which permits passage between environments of differing atmospheric pressure or composition, while minimizing the changing of pressure or composition between the differing environments.

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American Biological Safety Association

The American Biological Safety Association (ABSA) was founded in 1984 to promote biological safety as an essential principle and serve the needs of biosafety professionals.

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Animal and Plant Health Agency

The Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), formerly known as the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), is an executive agency of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) of the United Kingdom.

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Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America.

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Army of the Czech Republic

The Czech Armed Forces (lit), also known as the Czech Army, is the military service responsible for the defence of the Czech Republic as part of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic (ozbrojené síly České republiky) alongside the Military Office of the President of the Republic and the Castle Guard.

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Atlanta

Atlanta is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia.

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Australian Academy of Science

The Australian Academy of Science was founded in 1954 by a group of distinguished Australians, including Australian Fellows of the Royal Society of London.

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Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness

The Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), formerly known as the Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), in Geelong, Victoria, Australia is a high security laboratory, run by the CSIRO for exotic animal disease diagnosis and research. Biosafety level and Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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Autoclave

An autoclave is a machine used to carry out industrial and scientific processes requiring elevated temperature and pressure in relation to ambient pressure and/or temperature.

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B virus

B-virus (Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1; McHV-1; formerly Macacine herpesvirus 1, Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1, CHV-1), Herpesvirus simiae, or Herpes virus B is the Simplexvirus infecting macaque monkeys.

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Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis, known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium, found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, humans and marine sponges.

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Belarus

Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe.

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Berlin

Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population.

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Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine

Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin) (BNITM) in Hamburg is Germany's largest institution for tropical medicine, with a workforce of about 250 people in Hamburg. Biosafety level and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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Bethesda, Maryland

Bethesda is an unincorporated, census-designated place in southern Montgomery County, Maryland, United States.

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Bhopal

Bhopal (ISO: Bhōpāla) is the capital city of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of both Bhopal district and Bhopal division.

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Bioaerosol

Bioaerosols (short for biological aerosols) are a subcategory of particles released from terrestrial and marine ecosystems into the atmosphere.

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Biocontainment

One use of the concept of biocontainment is related to laboratory biosafety and pertains to microbiology laboratories in which the physical containment of pathogenic organisms or agents (bacteria, viruses, and toxins) is required, usually by isolation in environmentally and biologically secure cabinets or rooms, to prevent accidental infection of workers or release into the surrounding community during scientific research. Biosafety level and biocontainment are biological hazards and safety.

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Biological agent

Biological weapons are pathogens used as weapons.

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Biological hazard

A biological hazard, or biohazard, is a biological substance that poses a threat (or is a hazard) to the health of living organisms, primarily humans. Biosafety level and biological hazard are biological hazards and safety.

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Biosafety

Biosafety is the prevention of large-scale loss of biological integrity, focusing both on ecology and human health. Biosafety level and Biosafety are biological hazards and safety.

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Biosafety cabinet

A biosafety cabinet (BSC)—also called a biological safety cabinet or microbiological safety cabinet—is an enclosed, ventilated laboratory workspace for safely working with materials contaminated with (or potentially contaminated with) pathogens requiring a defined biosafety level. Biosafety level and biosafety cabinet are biological hazards.

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Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), part of UK Research and Innovation, is a non-departmental public body (NDPB), and is the largest UK public funder of non-medical bioscience.

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Bluetongue disease

Bluetongue disease is a noncontagious, insect-borne, viral disease of ruminants, mainly sheep and less frequently cattle, yaks, goats, buffalo, deer, dromedaries, and antelope.

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Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health

Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health is a multinational animal health company, formed in January 2017 when Merial was acquired by Boehringer Ingelheim and merged with Boehringer Ingelheim's existing animal health assets.

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Boston

Boston, officially the City of Boston, is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.

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Boston University

Boston University (BU) is a private research university in Boston, Massachusetts.

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Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine

Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine (CAMED), formerly known as Boston University School of Medicine, is the medical school of Boston University, a private research university in Boston.

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Brétigny-sur-Orge

Brétigny-sur-Orge (literally Brétigny on Orge) is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France, from the city center.

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Brucella

Brucella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, named after David Bruce (1855–1931).

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Budapest

Budapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary.

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Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires, officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, is the capital and primate city of Argentina.

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Campinas

Campinas (Plains or Meadows) is a Brazilian municipality in São Paulo State, part of the country's Southeast Region.

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Canadian Food Inspection Agency

The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA; Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments (ACIA)) is a regulatory agency that is dedicated to the safeguarding of food, plants, and animals (FPA) in Canada, thus enhancing the health and well-being of Canada's people, environment and economy.

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Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health

The Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health (CSCHAH) is an infectious disease laboratory complex in Winnipeg, Manitoba, owned and operated by the Government of Canada. Biosafety level and Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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Canton of Bern

The canton of Bern, or Berne (Kanton Bern; canton de Berne; Chantun Berna; Canton Berna), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation.

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Canton of Geneva

The Canton of Geneva, officially the Republic and Canton of Geneva, is one of the 26 cantons of the Swiss Confederation.

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Capas

Capas, officially the Municipality of Capas (Balen ning Capas; Bayan ng Capas), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Tarlac, Philippines, and one of the richest towns in the province.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the national public health agency of the United States. Biosafety level and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology

The Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (कोशिकीय एवं आण्विक जीवविज्ञान केंद्र., IAST: Kośikīya evam āṇavik jīvavijñāna kendra) or CCMB is an Indian fundamental life science research establishment located in Hyderabad that operates under the aegis of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Biosafety level and Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie

The Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie is an academic and research institute based in Lyon, France. Biosafety level and Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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Cheongju

Cheongju is the capital and largest city of North Chungcheong Province in South Korea.

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Chikungunya

Chikungunya is an infection caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV).

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Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (short CAAS) is the Chinese national agricultural scientific research organization. It was established in 1957 in Beijing and oversees 45 institutes.

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Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is the national academy for natural sciences and the highest consultancy for science and technology of the People's Republic of China.

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Chlamydia psittaci

Chlamydia psittaci is a lethal intracellular bacterial species that may cause endemic avian chlamydiosis, epizootic outbreaks in other mammals, and respiratory psittacosis in humans.

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Colindale

Colindale is a district in the London Borough of Barnet; its main shopping street on the A5 forming the borough boundary with neighbouring Brent.

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Corio Oval

Corio Oval was an Australian rules football ground, located in Geelong, Victoria, and used by the Geelong Football Club in the VFA and the VFL from 1878 to 1915, and 1917 to 1940.

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COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

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Coxiella burnetii

Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen, and is the causative agent of Q fever.

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Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral disease.

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CSIRO

The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) is an Australian Government agency responsible for scientific research.

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Czech Republic

The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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Defence Science and Technology Laboratory

The Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) is an executive agency of the Ministry of Defence of the United Kingdom. Biosafety level and Defence Science and Technology Laboratory are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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Direction générale de l'armement

The Direction générale de l'armement (DGA; English: Directorate General of Armament), established in 1961, is the French Government defence procurement and technology agency, responsible within the Ministry of Armed Forces for project management, development, and purchase of weapon systems for the French military.

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Directive (European Union)

A directive is a legal act of the European Union that requires member states to achieve particular goals without dictating how the member states achieve those goals.

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Disinfectant

A disinfectant is a chemical substance or compound used to inactivate or destroy microorganisms on inert surfaces.

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Eastern equine encephalitis

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), commonly called Triple E or sleeping sickness (not to be confused with African trypanosomiasis), is a disease caused by a zoonotic mosquito-vectored Togavirus that is present in North, Central, and South America, and the Caribbean.

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Effluent decontamination system

An effluent decontamination system (EDS) is a device, or suite of devices, designed to decontaminate or sterilise biologically active or biohazardous materials in fluid and liquid waste material.

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Escherichia coli

Escherichia coliWells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Extraterrestrial material refers to natural objects now on Earth that originated in outer space.

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Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport

The Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport (DDPS, Eidgenössisches Departement für Verteidigung, Bevölkerungsschutz und Sport, Département fédéral de la défense, de la protection de la population et des sports, Dipartimento federale della difesa, della protezione della popolazione e dello sport, Departament federal da defensiun, protecziun da la populaziun e sport) is one of the seven departments of the Swiss federal government.

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Federal Office for Civil Protection

The Federal Office for Civil Protection (FOCP) (Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz, BABS, Office fédéral de la protection de la population, OFPP, Ufficio federale della protezione della popolazione, UFPP) is the federal office responsible for the civil defense services of the Swiss cantons and municipalities.

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Federal Office for Food Safety and Veterinary Affairs

The Federal Office for Food Safety and Veterinary Affairs (FSVO) (Bundesamt für Lebensmittelsicherheit und Veterinärwesen, BLV, Office fédéral de la sécurité alimentaire et des affaires vétérinaires, OSAV, Ufficio federale della sicurezza alimentare e di veterinaria, USAV) is the federal office responsible for ensuring food safety and protecting animal health and welfare in Switzerland.

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Flavivirus

Flavivirus, renamed Orthoflavivirus in 2023, is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family Flaviviridae.

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Fondation Mérieux

The Fondation Mérieux is an independent family foundation recognized for public utility created by Charles Mérieux.

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) or hoof-and-mouth disease (HMD) is an infectious and sometimes fatal viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including domestic and wild bovids.

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Fort Detrick

Fort Detrick is a United States Army Futures Command installation located in Frederick, Maryland.

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France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

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Franceville

Franceville is one of the four largest cities in Gabon, with a population of 110,568 at the 2013 census.

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Francis Crick Institute

The Francis Crick Institute (formerly the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation) is a biomedical research centre in London, which was established in 2010 and opened in 2016.

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Francisella tularensis

Francisella tularensis is a pathogenic species of Gram-negative coccobacillus, an aerobic bacterium.

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French Armed Forces Health Service

The French Defence Central Health Service ("Service de Santé des Armées" or SSA) is responsible for medical and sanitary support of the French Armed Forces and of all institutions placed under the authority of the French Ministry of Armed Forces.

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Friedrich Loeffler Institute

The Friedrich Loeffler Institute (FLI), is the Federal Institute for Animal Health of Germany, that country's leading animal disease center. Biosafety level and Friedrich Loeffler Institute are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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Gabon

Gabon (Ngabu), officially the Gabonese Republic (République gabonaise), is a country on the Atlantic coast of Central Africa, on the equator, bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, the Republic of the Congo on the east and south, and the Gulf of Guinea to the west.

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Galveston National Laboratory

The Galveston National Laboratory (GNL) in Galveston, Texas, United States, is a high security National Biocontainment Laboratory housing several Biosafety level 4 research laboratories. Biosafety level and Galveston National Laboratory are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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Galveston, Texas

Galveston is a coastal resort city and port off the Southeast Texas coast on Galveston Island and Pelican Island in the U.S. state of Texas.

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Geelong

Geelong (Wathawurrung: Djilang/Djalang) is a port city in Victoria, Australia, located at the eastern end of Corio Bay (the smaller western portion of Port Phillip Bay) and the left bank of Barwon River, about southwest of Melbourne.

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Geneva

Geneva (Genève)Genf; Ginevra; Genevra.

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Geneva University Hospitals

The Geneva University Hospitals (Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, HUG) is one of the five university hospitals of Switzerland and the largest one in the country. Biosafety level and Geneva University Hospitals are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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Georgia State University

Georgia State University (Georgia State, State, or GSU) is a public research university in Atlanta, Georgia.

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Government Accountability Office

The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is an independent, nonpartisan government agency within the legislative branch that provides auditing, evaluative, and investigative services for the United States Congress.

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Government of France

The Government of France (French: Gouvernement français), officially the Government of the French Republic, exercises executive power in France.

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Greifswald

Greifswald, officially the University and Hanseatic City of Greifswald (Universitäts- und Hansestadt Greifswald, Low German: Griepswoold, Kashubian: Grifiô) is the fourth-largest city in the German state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania after Rostock, Schwerin and Neubrandenburg.

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Hamburg

Hamburg (Hamborg), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,.

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Hamilton, Montana

Hamilton is a city that serves as the county seat of Ravalli County, Montana, United States.

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Hand washing

Hand washing (or handwashing), also known as hand hygiene, is the act of cleaning one's hands with soap or handwash and water to remove viruses/bacteria/microorganisms, dirt, grease, and other harmful or unwanted substances stuck to the hands.

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Harbin

Harbin is a sub-provincial city and the provincial capital of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.

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Harbin Veterinary Research Institute

Harbin Veterinary Research Institute (HVRI) is a Chinese biological research institute located in Harbin, China. Biosafety level and Harbin Veterinary Research Institute are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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Haut-Ogooué Province

Haut-Ogooué is the southeasternmost of Gabon's nine provinces.

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Hazmat suit

A hazmat suit ('''haz'''ardous '''mat'''erials suit) is a piece of personal protective equipment that consists of an impermeable whole-body garment worn as protection against hazardous materials.

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Health Canada

Health Canada (HC; Santé Canada, SC)Health Canada is the applied title under the Federal Identity Program; the legal title is Department of Health.

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Hendra virus

Hendra virus (Hendra henipavirus) is a zoonotic virus found solely in Australia.

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Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A is an infectious disease of the liver caused by Hepatovirus A (HAV); it is a type of viral hepatitis.

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Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis.

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Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis.

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HIV

The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans.

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Hungary

Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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Hyderabad

Hyderabad (ISO) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana.

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Ibaraki Prefecture

is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu.

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Inserm

The (Inserm) is the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research.

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Interplanetary contamination

Interplanetary contamination refers to biological contamination of a planetary body by a space probe or spacecraft, either deliberate or unintentional.

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Isopropyl alcohol

Isopropyl alcohol (IUPAC name propan-2-ol and also called isopropanol or 2-propanol) is a colorless, flammable organic compound with a pungent alcoholic odor.

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Johannesburg

Johannesburg (Zulu and Xhosa: eGoli) (colloquially known as Jozi, Joburg, Jo'burg or "The City of Gold") is the most populous city in South Africa with 4,803,262 people, and is classified as a megacity; it is one of the 100 largest urban areas in the world.

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Kansas State University

Kansas State University (KSU, Kansas State, or K-State) is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Manhattan, Kansas.

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Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast

Koltsovo (Кольцо́во) is an urban locality (a work settlement) in Novosibirsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia, located about northeast of Akademgorodok and southeast of Novosibirsk's center.

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Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency

Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), formerly Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), is an organization under the South Korean Ministry of Welfare and Health that is responsible for the advancement of public health by managing prevention, survey, quarantine, trial, and research on infectious diseases, chronic and rare illnesses and injuries. Biosafety level and Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron

Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS) is the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, a research institution on physics, chemistry, material science and life sciences.

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Laboratory Response Network

The Laboratory Response Network (LRN) is a collaborative effort within the US federal government involving the Association of Public Health Laboratories and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

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Lassa mammarenavirus

Lassa mammarenavirus (LASV) is an arenavirus that causes Lassa hemorrhagic fever, a type of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF), in humans and other primates.

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Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases

The Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases (Istituto nazionale per le malattie infettive "L.) is an infectious disease hospital in the Italian city of Rome. Biosafety level and Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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Le Parisien

Le Parisien is a French daily newspaper covering both international and national news, and local news of Paris and its suburbs.

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List of laboratory biosecurity incidents

This list of laboratory biosecurity incidents includes accidental laboratory-acquired infections and laboratory releases of lethal pathogens, containment failures in or during transport of lethal pathogens, and incidents of exposure of lethal pathogens to laboratory personnel, improper disposal of contaminated waste, and/or the escape of laboratory animals.

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London Borough of Camden

The London Borough of Camden is a London borough in Inner London, England.

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Lyon

Lyon (Franco-Provençal: Liyon), formerly spelled in English as Lyons, is the second largest city of France by urban area It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, northeast of Saint-Étienne.

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Magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body.

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Manhattan, Kansas

Manhattan is a city in and the county seat of Riley County, Kansas, U.S., although the city extends into Pottawatomie County.

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Marburg

Marburg is a university town in the German federal state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district (Landkreis).

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Marburg virus

Marburg virus (MARV) is a hemorrhagic fever virus of the Filoviridae family of viruses and a member of the species Marburg marburgvirus, genus Marburgvirus.

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Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun.

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Maryland

Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

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Mérieux family

The Mérieux family is an entrepreneurial dynasty from Lyon, France, owners of the Institut Mérieux holding, founders of companies such as Sanofi Pasteur, bioMérieux (in vitro diagnostics) and Mérial (veterinary activity), but also of the foundations Fondation Marcel-Mérieux and Fondation Christophe et Rodolphe Mérieux, of the Jean Mérieux P4 laboratory and of humanitarian organisation Bioforce.

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Melbourne

Melbourne (Boonwurrung/Narrm or Naarm) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia, after Sydney.

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Betacoronavirus cameli (also known as Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus abbreviated as MERS-CoV), or EMC/2012 (HCoV-EMC/2012), is the virus that causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).

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Metropolis of Lyon

The Metropolis of Lyon (Métropole de Lyon), also known as Grand Lyon ("Greater Lyon"), is a French territorial collectivity located in the east-central region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

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Microorganism

A microorganism, or microbe, is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from sixth century BC India. The scientific study of microorganisms began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek.

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Milan

Milan (Milano) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, and the second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome.

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Military police

Military police (MP) are law enforcement agencies connected with, or part of, the military of a state.

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Mill Hill

Mill Hill is a suburb in the London Borough of Barnet, England.

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Minsk

Minsk (Мінск,; Минск) is the capital and the largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach and the now subterranean Niamiha rivers.

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Moscow Oblast

Moscow Oblast (Moskovskaya oblast,, informally known as label) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast).

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Musashimurayama, Tokyo

is a city located in the west of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.

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Nagasaki

, officially known as Nagasaki City (label), is the capital and the largest city of the Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan.

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Nagasaki Prefecture

is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū.

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Nagasaki University

is a national university of Japan.

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Nanometre

molecular scale. The nanometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm), or nanometer (American spelling), is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one billionth (short scale) of a meter (0.000000001 m) and to 1000 picometres.

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National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility

The National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF) is a biosafety level 4 research laboratory in Manhattan, Kansas, operated by the United States Department of Agriculture. Biosafety level and National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center

The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC) is a government biodefense research laboratory created by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and located at the sprawling biodefense campus at Fort Detrick in Frederick, MD, USA. Biosafety level and National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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National Defense University (Republic of China)

National Defense University (NDU) is a military academy located in Bade District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.

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National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories

The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), is a biosciences facility of Boston University located on Albany street, within the clinical and biopharma hub of the South End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Biosafety level and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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National Food Safety and Quality Service

The National Food Safety and Quality Service (Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria, SENASA) is an independent agency of the Argentine government charged with surveillance, regulation and certification of products of animal and plant origin and the prevention, eradication and control of diseases and plagues that affect them.

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National Institute for Biological Standards and Control

The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) is a government agency that works in the field of biological standardisation and is part of the United Kingdom's Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).

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National Institute for Medical Research

The National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), was a medical research institute based in Mill Hill, on the outskirts of north London, England.

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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) is one of the 27 institutes and centers that make up the National Institutes of Health (NIH), an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

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National Institute of Infectious Diseases (Japan)

The is an institution of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

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National Institute of Virology

The National Institute of Virology in Pune, India is an Indian virology research institute and part of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Biosafety level and National Institute of Virology are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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National Institutes of Health

The National Institutes of Health, commonly referred to as NIH, is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research.

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National Microbiology Laboratory

The National Microbiology Laboratory (NML) is part of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), the agency of the Government of Canada that is responsible for public health, health emergency preparedness and response, and infectious and chronic disease control and prevention. Biosafety level and National Microbiology Laboratory are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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National Public Health Laboratory (Sudan)

The National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL) is a public health laboratory in Sudan that was previously known as the Stack Medical Research Laboratories from its inception in 1927 until April 1969. The name Stack Medical Research Laboratories referred to Lee Stack, a Governor-General of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

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New Clark City

New Clark City is a planned community currently undergoing development, owned and managed by the Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA).

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Nipah virus

Nipah virus is a bat-borne, zoonotic virus that causes Nipah virus infection in humans and other animals, a disease with a very high mortality rate (40-75%).

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Nordic countries

The Nordic countries (also known as the Nordics or Norden) are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic.

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Ospedale Luigi Sacco

Ospedale Luigi Sacco is a hospital in the quartiere of Vialba in Milan, Italy.

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Pardubice Region

Pardubice Region (Pardubický kraj) is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located mainly in the eastern part of its historical region of Bohemia, with a small part in northwestern Moravia.

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Pathogen

In biology, a pathogen (πάθος, "suffering", "passion" and -γενής, "producer of"), in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease.

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Pécs

Pécs (Pečuh; Fünfkirchen,; also known by alternative names) is the fifth largest city in Hungary, on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the country's southwest, close to the border with Croatia.

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Pedro Leopoldo

Pedro Leopoldo is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Minas Gerais.

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Philippines

The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Pirbright

Pirbright is a village in Surrey, England.

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Pirbright Institute

The Pirbright Institute (formerly the Institute for Animal Health) is a research institute in Surrey, England, dedicated to the study of infectious diseases of farm animals.

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Plasmodium falciparum

Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans.

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Plum Island Animal Disease Center

Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC) is a United States federal research facility dedicated to the study of foreign animal diseases of livestock.

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Porton Down

Porton Down is a science and defence technology campus in Wiltshire, England, just north-east of the village of Porton, near Salisbury.

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Positive pressure personnel suit

Positive pressure personnel suits (PPPS)—or positive pressure protective suits, informally known as "space suits", "moon suits", "blue suits", etc.—are highly specialized, totally encapsulating, industrial protection garments worn only within special biocontainment or maximum containment (BSL-4) laboratory facilities.

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Potters Bar

Potters Bar is a town in Hertfordshire, England,in the historic County of Middlesex - – Community Strategy First Review (PDF) north of central London.

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Prion

A prion is a misfolded protein that can induce misfolding of normal variants of the same protein and trigger cellular death.

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Public Health Agency of Canada

The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC; Agence de la santé publique du Canada, ASPC) is an agency of the Government of Canada that is responsible for public health, emergency preparedness and response, and infectious and chronic disease control and prevention.

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Public Health England

Public Health England (PHE) was an executive agency of the Department of Health and Social Care in England which began operating on 1 April 2013 to protect and improve health and wellbeing and reduce health inequalities.

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Pune

Pune, previously spelled in English as Poona (the official name until 1978), is a city in Maharashtra state in the Deccan plateau in Western India.

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Rand Paul

Randal Howard Paul (born January 7, 1963) is an American politician serving as the junior United States senator from Kentucky since 2011.

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Richmond, Virginia

Richmond is the capital city of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.

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Rickettsia rickettsii

Rickettsia rickettsii is a Gram-negative, intracellular, coccobacillus bacterium that was first discovered in 1902.

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Riems

Riems is an island in the southwestern part of the Bay of Greifswald, a broad, shallow embayment of the Baltic Sea between the German mainland and the island of Rügen.

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Rift Valley fever

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral disease of humans and livestock that can cause mild to severe symptoms.

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Riken

is a national scientific research institute in Japan. Biosafety level and Riken are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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Robert Koch Institute

The Robert Koch Institute (RKI) is a German federal government agency and research institute responsible for disease control and prevention. Biosafety level and Robert Koch Institute are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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Rocky Mountain Laboratories

Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML) is part of the NIH Intramural Research Program and is located in Hamilton, Montana.

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Rome

Rome (Italian and Roma) is the capital city of Italy.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast or baker's yeast) is a species of yeast (single-celled fungal microorganisms).

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Safety engineering

Safety engineering is an engineering discipline which assures that engineered systems provide acceptable levels of safety. Biosafety level and safety engineering are safety.

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Salmonella

Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped (bacillus) gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Sample-return mission

A sample-return mission is a spacecraft mission to collect and return samples from an extraterrestrial location to Earth for analysis.

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San Antonio

San Antonio (Spanish for "Saint Anthony"), officially the City of San Antonio, is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the most populous city in Greater San Antonio, the third-largest metropolitan area in Texas and the 24th-largest metropolitan area in the United States at 2.6 million people in the 2020 US census.

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SARS-CoV-1

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1), previously known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), is a strain of coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the respiratory illness responsible for the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak.

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SARS-CoV-2

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) is a strain of coronavirus that causes COVID-19, the respiratory illness responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Security clearance

A security clearance is a status granted to individuals allowing them access to classified information (state or organizational secrets) or to restricted areas, after completion of a thorough background check.

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Security engineering

Security engineering is the process of incorporating security controls into an information system so that the controls become an integral part of the system’s operational capabilities.

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Select agent

Under United States law, Biological select agents or toxins (BSATs)—or simply select agents for short—are bio-agents which (since 1997) have been declared by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) or by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to have the "potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety".

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Sergiyev Posad

Sergiyev Posad (p) is a city that is the administrative center of Sergiyevo-Posadsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia.

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Single-photon emission computed tomography

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT, or less commonly, SPET) is a nuclear medicine tomographic imaging technique using gamma rays.

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Smallpox

Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus.

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Solna

Solna (Solna kommun or stad) is a primary settlement (or village) and a municipality in Stockholm County, Sweden, located just north of Stockholm City Centre.

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South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia.

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Spiez

Spiez is a town and municipality on the shore of Lake Thun in the Bernese Oberland region of the Swiss canton of Bern.

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Spiez Laboratory

The Spiez Laboratory (German: Labor Spiez, French: Laboratoire de Spiez, Italian: Laboratorio Spiez) is the Swiss institute for the protection of the population against nuclear, biological and chemical threats and dangers. Biosafety level and Spiez Laboratory are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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Staphylococcus

Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Staphylococcaceae from the order Bacillales.

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State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR

The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, also known as the Vector Institute (Gosudarstvennyy nauchnyy tsentr virusologii i biotekhnologii "Vektor"), is a biological research center in Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. Biosafety level and State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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Stockholm County

Stockholm County (Stockholms län) is a county (län) on the Baltic Sea coast of Sweden.

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Sudan

Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe.

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Taipei

Taipei, officially Taipei City, is the capital and a special municipality of Taiwan.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia.

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Tarlac

Tarlac, officially the Province of Tarlac (Lalawigan ning Tarlac; Luyag/Probinsia na Tarlac; Probinsia ti Tarlac; Lalawigan ng Tarlac), is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region.

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Těchonín

Těchonín (Linsdorf) is a municipality and village in Ústí nad Orlicí District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic.

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Telangana

Telangana (ISO) is a state in India situated in the southern-central part of the Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau.

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Texas Biomedical Research Institute

Texas Biomedical Research Institute (Texas Biomed), located in San Antonio, Texas, is an independent, non-profit biomedical research institution, specializing in genetics and in virology and immunology. Biosafety level and Texas Biomedical Research Institute are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma gondii is a parasitic protozoan (specifically an apicomplexan) that causes toxoplasmosis.

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Tsukuba

is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

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UK Health Security Agency

The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) is a government agency in the United Kingdom, responsible since April 2021 for England-wide public health protection and infectious disease capability and replacing Public Health England.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.

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United States Army

The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces.

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United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories

The U.S. Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (USBWL) was a suite of research laboratories and pilot plant centers operating at Camp (later Fort) Detrick, Maryland, United States, beginning in 1943 under the control of the U.S. Army Chemical Corps Research and Development Command.

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United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases

The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) is the U.S Army's main institution and facility for defensive research into countermeasures against biological warfare. Biosafety level and United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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United States Department of Homeland Security

The United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is the U.S. federal executive department responsible for public security, roughly comparable to the interior or home ministries of other countries.

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United States Senate

The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress.

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University

A university is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines.

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University of Marburg

The Philipps University of Marburg (Philipps-Universität Marburg) is a public research university located in Marburg, Germany. Biosafety level and university of Marburg are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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University of Melbourne

The University of Melbourne (also colloquially known as Melbourne University) is a public research university located in Melbourne, Australia.

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University of Pécs

The University of Pécs (Pécsi Tudományegyetem, PTE; Universitas Quinqueecclesiensis) is one of the largest higher education institutions in Hungary.

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University of Texas Medical Branch

The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) is a public academic health science center in Galveston, Texas, United States.

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USA Today

USA Today (often stylized in all caps) is an American daily middle-market newspaper and news broadcasting company.

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Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD), commonly referred to as "mad cow disease" or "human mad cow disease" to distinguish it from its BSE counterpart, is a fatal type of brain disease within the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy family.

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Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is a mosquito-borne viral pathogen that causes Venezuelan equine encephalitis or encephalomyelitis (VEE).

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Vert-le-Petit

Vert-le-Petit is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

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Viral hemorrhagic fever

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a diverse group of animal and human illnesses.

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Virology Science and Technology Institute of the Philippines

The Virology Science and Technology Institute of the Philippines (VSTIP), also referred to as the Virology Institute of the Philippines (VIP), is a proposed virology research facility in the Philippines.

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West Nile virus

West Nile virus (WNV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes West Nile fever.

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Winnipeg

Winnipeg is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada.

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World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.

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Wuhan

Wuhan is the capital of Hubei Province of China.

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Wuhan Institute of Virology

The Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (WIV) is a research institute on virology administered by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), which reports to the State Council of the People's Republic of China. Biosafety level and Wuhan Institute of Virology are biosafety level 4 laboratories.

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Yellow fever

Yellow fever is a viral disease of typically short duration.

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Yersinia pestis

Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis; formerly Pasteurella pestis) is a gram-negative, non-motile, coccobacillus bacterium without spores that is related to both Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, the pathogen from which Y. pestis evolved and responsible for the Far East scarlet-like fever.

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Zaire ebolavirus

Zaire ebolavirus, more commonly known as Ebola virus (EBOV), is one of six known species within the genus Ebolavirus.

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See also

Biological hazards

• Aeromedical Biological Containment System
• Aeromedical Isolation Team
• Autonomous detection system
• Biocontainment
• Biological hazard
• Biomedical waste
• Biorisk
• Biosafety
• Biosafety cabinet
• Biosafety level
• Cell CANARY
• Epidemic
• Hot zone (environment)
• Index case
• Institute of Applied Biochemistry
• List of biosafety level 4 organisms
• Locust
• Pandemic
• Panzootic
• Pathatrix
• Racal suit
• Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance
• Sharps waste
• State Research Center for Applied Microbiology
• Superspreading event

Biosafety level 3 laboratories

• Biosafety level
• Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology
• Caribbean Public Health Agency
• National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory
• National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology
• Naval Medical Research Unit Three
• University of Padua

Biosafety level 4 laboratories

• Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness
• Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine
• Biosafety Level 4 Zoonotic Laboratory Network
• Biosafety level
• Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie
• Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology
• Defence Science and Technology Laboratory
• Extraterrestrial sample curation
• Friedrich Loeffler Institute
• Galveston National Laboratory
• Geneva University Hospitals
• Harbin Veterinary Research Institute
• Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
• Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases
• List of biosafety level 4 organisms
• National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research
• National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility
• National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center
• National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories
• National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
• National Institute of Virology
• National Microbiology Laboratory
• Riken
• Robert Koch Institute
• Spiez Laboratory
• State Research Center for Applied Microbiology
• State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR
• Texas Biomedical Research Institute
• United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
• University of Marburg
• Wuhan Institute of Virology

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosafety_level

Also known as BSL 1, BSL 2, BSL 3, BSL 4, BSL-1, BSL-2, BSL-3, BSL-4, BSL1, BSL2, BSL3, BSL4, Biohazard Level 2, Biohazard level, Biological Safety Level, Biological confinement, Biosafety Level 3, Biosafety Level 4, Biosafety level 1, Biosafety level 2, Biosafety level 3 laboratory, Biosafety levels, Class I Laboratory, Containment Level 3, P1 laboratory, P2 laboratory, P3 laboratory, P4 laboratory.

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