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Biosynthesis of cocaine, the Glossary

Index Biosynthesis of cocaine

The biosynthesis of cocaine has long attracted the attention of biochemists and organic chemists.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 30 relations: Agmatine, Arginine, Benzoyl group, Bicyclic molecule, Biosynthesis, Cinnamic acid, Cocaine, Cuscohygrine, Decarboxylation, Diamine oxidase, Glutamine, Hydrolysis, Hygrine, Imine, Mannich reaction, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, Nicotine, Nucleophile, Ornithine, Oxidative deamination, Phenylalanine, Putrescine, Pyridoxal phosphate, Racemic mixture, Richard Willstätter, Robert Robinson (chemist), S-Adenosyl methionine, Tropane, Tropinone, Urea cycle.

  2. Biosynthesis
  3. Cocaine

Agmatine

Agmatine, also known as 4-aminobutyl-guanidine, was discovered in 1910 by Albrecht Kossel.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Agmatine

Arginine

Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H2N)(HN)CN(H)(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Arginine

Benzoyl group

In organic chemistry, benzoyl is the functional group with the formula and structure.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Benzoyl group

Bicyclic molecule

A bicyclic molecule is a molecule that features two joined rings.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Bicyclic molecule

Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis, i.e., chemical synthesis occuring in biological contexts, is a term most often referring to multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed processes where chemical substances absorbed as nutrients (or previously converted through biosynthesis) serve as enzyme substrates, with conversion by the living organism either into simpler or more complex products.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Biosynthesis

Cinnamic acid

Cinnamic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H5-CH.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Cinnamic acid

Cocaine

Cocaine (from, from, ultimately from Quechua: kúka) is a tropane alkaloid that acts as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Cocaine

Cuscohygrine

Cuscohygrine is a bis N-methyl pyrrolidine alkaloid found in coca plants.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Cuscohygrine

Decarboxylation

Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide (CO2).

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Decarboxylation

Diamine oxidase

Diamine oxidase (DAO), also known "amine oxidase, copper-containing, 1" (AOC1), formerly called histaminase, is an enzyme involved in the metabolism, oxidation, and inactivation of histamine and other polyamines such as putrescine or spermidine.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Diamine oxidase

Glutamine

Glutamine (symbol Gln or Q) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Glutamine

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Hydrolysis

Hygrine

Hygrine is a pyrrolidine alkaloid, found mainly in coca leaves (0.2%).

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Hygrine

Imine

In organic chemistry, an imine is a functional group or organic compound containing a carbon–nitrogen double bond.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Imine

Mannich reaction

In organic chemistry, the Mannich reaction is a three-component organic reaction that involves the amino alkylation of an acidic proton next to a carbonyl functional group by formaldehyde and a primary or secondary amine or ammonia.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Mannich reaction

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require NADPH as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source').

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Nicotine

Nicotine is a naturally produced alkaloid in the nightshade family of plants (most predominantly in tobacco and Duboisia hopwoodii) and is widely used recreationally as a stimulant and anxiolytic.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Nicotine

Nucleophile

In chemistry, a nucleophile is a chemical species that forms bonds by donating an electron pair.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Nucleophile

Ornithine

Ornithine is a non-proteinogenic α-amino acid that plays a role in the urea cycle.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Ornithine

Oxidative deamination

Oxidative deamination is a form of deamination that generates α-keto acids and other oxidized products from amine-containing compounds, and occurs primarily in the liver.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Oxidative deamination

Phenylalanine

Phenylalanine (symbol Phe or F) is an essential α-amino acid with the formula.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Phenylalanine

Putrescine

Putrescine is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)4(NH2)2.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Putrescine

Pyridoxal phosphate

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, P5P), the active form of vitamin B6, is a coenzyme in a variety of enzymatic reactions.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Pyridoxal phosphate

Racemic mixture

In chemistry, a racemic mixture or racemate is one that has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule or salt.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Racemic mixture

Richard Willstätter

Richard Martin Willstätter FRS(For) HFRSE (13 August 1872 – 3 August 1942) was a German organic chemist whose study of the structure of plant pigments, chlorophyll included, won him the 1915 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Richard Willstätter

Robert Robinson (chemist)

Sir Robert Robinson (13 September 1886 – 8 February 1975) was a British organic chemist and Nobel laureate recognised in 1947 for his research on plant dyestuffs (anthocyanins) and alkaloids.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Robert Robinson (chemist)

S-Adenosyl methionine

S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM), also known under the commercial names of SAMe, SAM-e, or AdoMet, is a common cosubstrate involved in methyl group transfers, transsulfuration, and aminopropylation.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and S-Adenosyl methionine

Tropane

Tropane is a nitrogenous bicyclic organic compound.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Tropane

Tropinone

Tropinone is an alkaloid, famously synthesised in 1917 by Robert Robinson as a synthetic precursor to atropine, a scarce commodity during World War I. Tropinone and the alkaloids cocaine and atropine all share the same tropane core structure.

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Tropinone

Urea cycle

The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions that produces urea (NH2)2CO from ammonia (NH3).

See Biosynthesis of cocaine and Urea cycle

See also

Biosynthesis

Cocaine

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosynthesis_of_cocaine