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Bone health, the Glossary

Index Bone health

The human skeletal system is a complex organ in constant equilibrium with the rest of the body.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 50 relations: Amino acid, Anaerobic exercise, Bicarbonate buffer system, Bone, Bone density, Calcium, Cheese, Citric acid, Collagen, Copper in biology, Cysteine, Cystine, Dentin, Diabetes, Electron microscope, Estrogen, Folate, Gas exchange, Glossary of biology, Gluconic acid, Hip fracture, HIV/AIDS, Homeostasis, Homocysteine, Human skeleton, Hydroxyapatite, Infection, Inflammation, Insulin-like growth factor 1, Kidney, Lysyl oxidase, Malic acid, Medicare (United States), Menopause, Metabolic acidosis, Methionine, Neoplasm, Osteoblast, Osteoclast, Osteoporosis, Parathyroid hormone, PH, Post-translational modification, Potassium bicarbonate, Potential renal acid load, Sulfate, Sulfuric acid, Urine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6.

  2. Aging-associated diseases
  3. Endocrine diseases
  4. Osteopathies

Amino acid

Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.

See Bone health and Amino acid

Anaerobic exercise

Anaerobic exercise is a type of exercise that breaks down glucose in the body without using oxygen; anaerobic means "without oxygen".

See Bone health and Anaerobic exercise

Bicarbonate buffer system

The bicarbonate buffer system is an acid-base homeostatic mechanism involving the balance of carbonic acid (H2CO3), bicarbonate ion (HCO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in order to maintain pH in the blood and duodenum, among other tissues, to support proper metabolic function.

See Bone health and Bicarbonate buffer system

Bone

A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals.

See Bone health and Bone

Bone density

Bone density, or bone mineral density, is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.

See Bone health and Bone density

Calcium

Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20.

See Bone health and Calcium

Cheese

Cheese is a dairy product produced in a range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein.

See Bone health and Cheese

Citric acid

Citric acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula.

See Bone health and Citric acid

Collagen

Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of a body's various connective tissues.

See Bone health and Collagen

Copper in biology

Copper is an essential trace element that is vital to the health of all living things (plants, animals and microorganisms).

See Bone health and Copper in biology

Cysteine

Cysteine (symbol Cys or C) is a semiessential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula.

See Bone health and Cysteine

Cystine

Cystine is the oxidized derivative of the amino acid cysteine and has the formula (SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H)2.

See Bone health and Cystine

Dentin

Dentin (American English) or dentine (British English) (substantia eburnea) is a calcified tissue of the body and, along with enamel, cementum, and pulp, is one of the four major components of teeth.

See Bone health and Dentin

Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus, often known simply as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. Bone health and diabetes are endocrine diseases.

See Bone health and Diabetes

Electron microscope

An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of electrons as a source of illumination.

See Bone health and Electron microscope

Estrogen

Estrogen (oestrogen; see spelling differences) is a category of sex hormone responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.

See Bone health and Estrogen

Folate

Folate, also known as vitamin B9 and folacin, is one of the B vitamins.

See Bone health and Folate

Gas exchange

Gas exchange is the physical process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface.

See Bone health and Gas exchange

Glossary of biology

This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.

See Bone health and Glossary of biology

Gluconic acid

Gluconic acid is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4CO2H.

See Bone health and Gluconic acid

Hip fracture

A hip fracture is a break that occurs in the upper part of the femur (thigh bone), at the femoral neck or (rarely) the femoral head.

See Bone health and Hip fracture

HIV/AIDS

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system.

See Bone health and HIV/AIDS

Homeostasis

In biology, homeostasis (British also homoeostasis) is the state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.

See Bone health and Homeostasis

Homocysteine

Homocysteine or Hcy: is a non-proteinogenic α-amino acid.

See Bone health and Homocysteine

Human skeleton

The human skeleton is the internal framework of the human body.

See Bone health and Human skeleton

Hydroxyapatite

Hydroxyapatite (IMA name: hydroxylapatite) (Hap, HAp, or HA) is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite with the formula, often written to denote that the crystal unit cell comprises two entities.

See Bone health and Hydroxyapatite

Infection

An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce.

See Bone health and Infection

Inflammation

Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.

See Bone health and Inflammation

Insulin-like growth factor 1

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), also called somatomedin C, is a hormone similar in molecular structure to insulin which plays an important role in childhood growth, and has anabolic effects in adults.

See Bone health and Insulin-like growth factor 1

Kidney

In humans, the kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped blood-filtering organs that are a multilobar, multipapillary form of mammalian kidneys, usually without signs of external lobulation.

See Bone health and Kidney

Lysyl oxidase

Lysyl oxidase (LOX), also known as protein-lysine 6-oxidase, is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the LOX gene.

See Bone health and Lysyl oxidase

Malic acid

Malic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula.

See Bone health and Malic acid

Medicare (United States)

Medicare is a federal health insurance program in the United States for people age 65 or older and younger people with disabilities, including those with end stage renal disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease).

See Bone health and Medicare (United States)

Menopause

Menopause, also known as the climacteric, is the time when menstrual periods permanently stop, marking the end of reproduction.

See Bone health and Menopause

Metabolic acidosis is a serious electrolyte disorder characterized by an imbalance in the body's acid-base balance.

See Bone health and Metabolic acidosis

Methionine

Methionine (symbol Met or M) is an essential amino acid in humans.

See Bone health and Methionine

Neoplasm

A neoplasm is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue.

See Bone health and Neoplasm

Osteoblast

Osteoblasts (from the Greek combining forms for "bone", ὀστέο-, osteo- and βλαστάνω, blastanō "germinate") are cells with a single nucleus that synthesize bone.

See Bone health and Osteoblast

Osteoclast

An osteoclast is a type of bone cell that breaks down bone tissue.

See Bone health and Osteoclast

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to more porous bone, and consequent increase in fracture risk. Bone health and Osteoporosis are Aging-associated diseases, endocrine diseases and Osteopathies.

See Bone health and Osteoporosis

Parathyroid hormone

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), also called parathormone or parathyrin, is a peptide hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates the serum calcium concentration through its effects on bone, kidney, and intestine.

See Bone health and Parathyroid hormone

PH

In chemistry, pH, also referred to as acidity or basicity, historically denotes "potential of hydrogen" (or "power of hydrogen").

See Bone health and PH

Post-translational modification

In molecular biology, post-translational modification (PTM) is the covalent process of changing proteins following protein biosynthesis.

See Bone health and Post-translational modification

Potassium bicarbonate

Potassium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: potassium hydrogencarbonate, also known as potassium acid carbonate) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula KHCO3.

See Bone health and Potassium bicarbonate

Potential renal acid load

Potential renal acid load (PRAL) is a measure of the acid that the body produces after ingesting a food.

See Bone health and Potential renal acid load

Sulfate

The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula.

See Bone health and Sulfate

Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid (American spelling and the preferred IUPAC name) or sulphuric acid (Commonwealth spelling), known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen, with the molecular formula.

See Bone health and Sulfuric acid

Urine

Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals.

See Bone health and Urine

Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism.

See Bone health and Vitamin B12

Vitamin B6

Vitamin B6 is one of the B vitamins, and thus an essential nutrient.

See Bone health and Vitamin B6

See also

Aging-associated diseases

Endocrine diseases

Osteopathies

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_health