Breakup of Yugoslavia, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 334 relations: Absolute monarchy, Adam LeBor, Adriatic Sea, Agreement on Succession Issues of the Former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Agrokomerc, Albanian nationalism, Albanians, Albert Einstein, Alija Izetbegović, Allies of World War II, Alois Mock, Anti-bureaucratic revolution, Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia, Armed Forces of Croatia, Assembly of Yugoslavia, Austerity, Austria-Hungary, Authoritarianism, Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia, Axis powers, Azem Vllasi, Balkan Mountains, Balkans, Barricade, Basil Davidson, Battle of Kosovo, Battle of Vukovar, BBC Two, Benito Mussolini, Berlin Wall, Bogić Bogićević, Bogoljub Kočović, Bolsheviks, Borisav Jović, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosniaks, Bosnian War, Branko Kostić, Brioni Agreement, Brotherhood and unity, Buffer state, Buffer zone, Buna (Adriatic Sea), Cankar Centre, Catholic Church in Croatia, Central and Eastern Europe, Centralisation, Chetniks, Classified information in the United States, Cold War, ... Expand index (284 more) »

Absolute monarchy

Absolute monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign is the sole source of political power, unconstrained by constitutions, legislatures or other checks on their authority.

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Adam LeBor

Adam LeBor is a British author, journalist, writing coach and editorial trainer.

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Adriatic Sea

The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula.

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The Agreement on Succession Issues of the Former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is an international agreement on shared state succession of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia reached among its former constituents republics following the breakup of the country in early 1990s.

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Agrokomerc

Agrokomerc is a food company headquartered in Velika Kladuša, Bosnia and Herzegovina with former operations extending across the entire area of former Yugoslavia.

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Albanian nationalism

Albanian nationalism is a general grouping of nationalist ideas and concepts generated by ethnic Albanians that were first formed in the 19th century during the Albanian National Awakening (Rilindja).

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Albanians

The Albanians (Shqiptarët) are an ethnic group native to the Balkan Peninsula who share a common Albanian ancestry, culture, history and language.

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Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely held as one of the most influential scientists. Best known for developing the theory of relativity, Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics. His mass–energy equivalence formula, which arises from relativity theory, has been called "the world's most famous equation".

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Alija Izetbegović

Alija Izetbegović (8 August 1925 – 19 October 2003) was a Bosnian politician, Islamic philosopher and author, who in 1992 became the first president of the Presidency of the newly independent Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Allies of World War II

The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.

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Alois Mock

Alois Mock (10 June 1934 – 1 June 2017) was an Austrian politician and member of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP).

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Anti-bureaucratic revolution

The anti-bureaucratic revolution (translit) was a campaign of street protests by supporters of Serbian leader Slobodan Milošević that ran between 1988 and 1989 in Yugoslavia.

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Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia

The Arbitration Commission of the Conference on Yugoslavia (commonly known as Badinter Arbitration Committee) was an arbitration body set up by the Council of Ministers of the European Economic Community (EEC) on 27 August 1991 to provide the conference on Yugoslavia with legal advice.

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Armed Forces of Croatia

The Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (Oružane snage Republike Hrvatske – OSRH) are the military forces of Croatia.

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Assembly of Yugoslavia

The Parliament of Yugoslavia was the legislature of Yugoslavia.

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Austerity

In economic policy, austerity is a set of political-economic policies that aim to reduce government budget deficits through spending cuts, tax increases, or a combination of both.

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Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918.

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Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in democracy, separation of powers, civil liberties, and the rule of law.

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Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia

The Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (Autonomna Pokrajina Zapadna Bosna; APZB), was a small unrecognized proto-state that existed in the northwest of Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1993 and 1995.

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Axis powers

The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis and also Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies.

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Azem Vllasi

Azem Vllasi (born 23 December 1948) is a Kosovo Albanian politician and lawyer.

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Balkan Mountains

The Balkan mountain range is located in the eastern part of the Balkans in Southeastern Europe.

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Balkans

The Balkans, corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions.

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Barricade

Barricade (from the French barrique - 'barrel') is any object or structure that creates a barrier or obstacle to control, block passage or force the flow of traffic in the desired direction.

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Basil Davidson

Basil Risbridger Davidson (9 November 1914 – 9 July 2010) was a British journalist and historian who wrote more than 30 books on African history and politics.

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Battle of Kosovo

The Battle of Kosovo took place on 15 June 1389 between an army led by the Serbian Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović and an invading army of the Ottoman Empire under the command of Sultan Murad Hüdavendigâr.

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Battle of Vukovar

The Battle of Vukovar was an 87-day siege of Vukovar in eastern Croatia by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), supported by various paramilitary forces from Serbia, between August and November 1991.

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BBC Two

BBC Two is a British free-to-air public broadcast television channel owned and operated by the BBC.

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Benito Mussolini

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian dictator who founded and led the National Fascist Party (PNF).

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Berlin Wall

The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer) was a guarded concrete barrier that encircled West Berlin of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; West Germany) from 1961 to 1989, separating it from East Berlin and the German Democratic Republic (GDR; East Germany).

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Bogić Bogićević

Bogić Bogićević (Богић Богићевић; born 15 May 1953) is a Bosnian politician who served as the 5th Bosnian member of the Yugoslav Presidency from 1989 until its abolishment in 1992.

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Bogoljub Kočović

Bogoljub Kočović (1920 – February 2013) was a Serbian jurist and statistician.

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Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks (italic,; from большинство,, 'majority'), led by Vladimir Lenin, were a far-left faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

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Borisav Jović

Borisav Jović (Борисав Јовић,; 19 October 1928 – 13 September 2021) was a Serbian economist, diplomat and politician who served as the President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia from 1990 to 1991.

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Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina (Босна и Херцеговина), sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula.

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Bosniaks

The Bosniaks (Bošnjaci, Cyrillic: Бошњаци,; Bošnjak, Bošnjakinja) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to the Southeast European historical region of Bosnia, which is today part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, who share a common Bosnian ancestry, culture, history and language.

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Bosnian War

The Bosnian War (Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini / Рат у Босни и Херцеговини) was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995. The war is commonly seen as having started on 6 April 1992, following a number of earlier violent incidents.

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Branko Kostić

Branko Kostić (Serbian Cyrillic: Бранко Костић, 28 August 1939 – 20 August 2020) was a Yugoslav politician, businessman, and university professor.

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Brioni Agreement

The Brioni Agreement, also known as the Brioni Declaration (Brijunska deklaracija, italics, Брионска декларација, Brionska deklaracija, Brijunska deklaracija) is a document signed by representatives of Slovenia, Croatia, and Yugoslavia under the political sponsorship of the European Community (EC) on the Brijuni Islands on 7 July 1991.

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Brotherhood and unity

Brotherhood and unity was a popular slogan of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia that was coined during the Yugoslav People's Liberation War (1941–45), and which evolved into a guiding principle of Yugoslavia's post-war inter-ethnic policy.

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Buffer state

A buffer state is a country geographically lying between two rival or potentially hostile great powers.

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Buffer zone

A buffer zone is a neutral zonal area that lies between two or more bodies of land, usually pertaining to countries.

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Buna (Adriatic Sea)

The Buna (Bunë) river, also known as Bojana (Cyrillic: Бојана), is a river in Albania and Montenegro which flows into the Adriatic Sea.

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Cankar Centre

The Cankar Centre or Cankar Hall (Cankarjev dom) is the largest Slovenian convention, congress and culture center.

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Catholic Church in Croatia

The Catholic Church in Croatia (Katolička crkva u Hrvatskoj) is part of the worldwide Catholic Church that is under the spiritual leadership of the Pope.

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Central and Eastern Europe

Central and Eastern Europe is a geopolitical term encompassing the countries in Northeast Europe (primarily the Baltics), Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Southeast Europe (primarily the Balkans), usually meaning former communist states from the Eastern Bloc and Warsaw Pact in Europe, as well as from former Yugoslavia.

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Centralisation

Centralisation or centralization (see spelling differences) is the process by which the activities of an entity or organization, particularly those regarding planning, decision-making and control of strategies and policies, become concentrated within a particular group, sector, department or region within that entity or organization.

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Chetniks

The Chetniks (Četnici,; Četniki), formally the Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army, and also the Yugoslav Army in the Homeland (Jugoslovenska vojska u otadžbini; Jugoslovanska vojska v domovini) and the Ravna Gora Movement, was a Yugoslav royalist and Serbian nationalist movement and guerrilla force in Axis-occupied Yugoslavia.

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Classified information in the United States

The United States government classification system is established under Executive Order 13526, the latest in a long series of executive orders on the topic of classified information beginning in 1951.

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Cold War

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

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Collective leadership

In communist and socialist theory, collective leadership is a shared distribution of power within an organizational structure.

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Comecon

The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (English abbreviation COMECON, CMEA, CEMA, or CAME) was an economic organization from 1949 to 1991 under the leadership of the Soviet Union that comprised the countries of the Eastern Bloc along with a number of socialist states elsewhere in the world.

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Confederation

A confederation (also known as a confederacy or league) is a political union of sovereign states or communities united for purposes of common action.

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Constitution of Croatia

The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia (Ustav Republike Hrvatske) is promulgated by the Croatian Parliament.

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Constitution of Serbia

The current Constitution of the Republic of Serbia (Ustav Republike Srbije), also known as Mitrovdan Constitution (Mitrovdanski ustav) is the supreme and basic law of Serbia.

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Continuum International Publishing Group

Continuum International Publishing Group was an academic publisher of books with editorial offices in London and New York City.

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Counterintelligence Service (Yugoslavia)

The Security Directorate, best known by the acronym KOS (which is derived from the organization's original name in the Serbo-Croatian: Kontraobaveštajna služba - "Counterintelligence Service"), was the security and counterintelligence service of the Yugoslav People's Army that existed from 1946 until the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991.

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Coup d'état

A coup d'état, or simply a coup, is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership.

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Croatia

Croatia (Hrvatska), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe.

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Croatian Army

The Croatian Army (Hrvatska kopnena vojska or HKoV) is the largest and most significant component of the Croatian Armed Forces (CAF).

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Croatian Democratic Union

The Croatian Democratic Union (Hrvatska demokratska zajednica,, HDZ) is a major conservative, centre-right political party in Croatia.

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Croatian nationalism

Croatian nationalism is nationalism that asserts the nationality of Croats and promotes the cultural unity of Croats.

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Croatian Parliament

The Croatian Parliament (Hrvatski sabor) or the Sabor is the unicameral legislature of Croatia.

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Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia

The Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia (Hrvatska Republika Herceg-Bosna) was an unrecognized geopolitical entity and quasi-state in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Croatian Spring

The Croatian Spring (Hrvatsko proljeće), or Maspok, was a political conflict that took place from 1967 to 1971 in the Socialist Republic of Croatia, at the time part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

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Croatian War of Independence

The Croatian War of Independence was an armed conflict fought from 1991 to 1995 between Croat forces loyal to the Government of Croatia—which had declared independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY)—and the Serb-controlled Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and local Serb forces, with the JNA ending its combat operations in Croatia by 1992.

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Croats

The Croats (Hrvati) or Horvati (in a more archaic version) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and other neighboring countries in Central and Southeastern Europe who share a common Croatian ancestry, culture, history and language.

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Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina, often referred to as Bosnian Croats or Herzegovinian Croats, are native and the third most populous ethnic group in Bosnia and Herzegovina, after Bosniaks and Serbs, and are one of the constitutive nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Crown land

Crown land (sometimes spelled crownland), also known as royal domain, is a territorial area belonging to the monarch, who personifies the Crown.

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Dalmatia

Dalmatia (Dalmacija; Dalmazia; see names in other languages) is one of the four historical regions of Croatia, alongside Central Croatia, Slavonia, and Istria, located on the east shore of the Adriatic Sea in Croatia.

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Dani (magazine)

BH Dani is a Bosnian language magazine website based in Sarajevo.

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Danube

The Danube (see also other names) is the second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia.

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Dayton Agreement

The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as the Dayton Agreement or the Dayton Accords (Дејтонски мировни споразум), and colloquially known as the Dayton (Dayton, Dejton, Дејтон) in ex-Yugoslav parlance, is the peace agreement reached at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio, United States, finalised on 21 November 1995, and formally signed in Paris, on 14 December 1995.

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Dayton, Ohio

Dayton is a city in Montgomery and Greene counties and the county seat of Montgomery County, Ohio, United States.

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DEMOS (Slovenia)

Democratic Opposition of Slovenia, also known as DEMOS (in Slovenian: Demokratična opozicija Slovenije), was a coalition of centre-right political parties created by an agreement between the Slovenian Democratic Union, the Social Democrat Alliance of Slovenia, the Slovene Christian Democrats, the Farmers' Alliance, and the Greens of Slovenia.

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Dissolution (politics)

Dissolution in politics is when a state, institution, nation, or administrative region dissolves or ceases to exist, usually separating into two or more entities, or being annexed.

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Dissolution of Czechoslovakia

The dissolution of Czechoslovakia (Rozdělení Československa, Rozdelenie Československa), which took effect on December 31, 1992, was the self-determined secession of the federal republic of Czechoslovakia into the independent countries of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Breakup of Yugoslavia and dissolution of Czechoslovakia are partition (politics).

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.

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Divača

Divača (Divaccia) is a large nucleated village in the Littoral region of Slovenia, near the Italian border.

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Draža Mihailović

Dragoljub "Draža" Mihailović (Драгољуб "Дража" Михаиловић; 27 April 1893 – 17 July 1946) was a Yugoslav Serb general during World War II.

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Dragutin Zelenović

Dragutin Zelenović (Драгутин Зеленовић; 19 May 1928 – 27 April 2020) was a Serbian politician who served as the prime minister of Serbia from February to December 1991.

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Dubrovnik

Dubrovnik (Ragusa; see notes on naming) is a city in southern Dalmatia, Croatia, by the Adriatic Sea.

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Dubrovnik Republic (1991)

The Dubrovnik Republic (Dubrovačka Republika; Дубровачка република) was a Serb proto-state that existed during the Siege of Dubrovnik in the Croatian War of Independence, self-proclaimed by the Yugoslav People's Army on 15 October 1991 in occupied areas of Croatia, after being captured by members of 2nd Corps of the JNA.

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Eastern Bloc

The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was the unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were aligned with the Soviet Union and existed during the Cold War (1947–1991).

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Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent.

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Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia (1995–1998)

Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia (Istočna Slavonija, Baranja i Zapadni Srem; Istočna Slavonija, Baranja i Zapadni Srijem), commonly abbreviated as Eastern Slavonia (Istočna Slavonija; Istočna Slavonija), was a short-lived Serb parallel entity in the territory of Croatia along the Danube river.

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Economic efficiency

In microeconomics, economic efficiency, depending on the context, is usually one of the following two related concepts.

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Economic growth

Economic growth can be defined as the increase or improvement in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy in a financial year.

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Economic liberalism

Economic liberalism is a political and economic ideology that supports a market economy based on individualism and private property in the means of production.

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Economy of Serbia and Montenegro

As the economy of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia collapsed and entered a prolonged decline in 1989, the country broke up into five new sovereign states by 1992, independence of which was fought over in a series of Yugoslav Wars.

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Elections in Yugoslavia

Elections were held on municipal, provincial, republican and federal levels in Yugoslavia from its foundation in 1918 throughout its breakup in 1992.

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Ethnic conflict

An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more ethnic groups.

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European Communities

The European Communities (EC) were three international organizations that were governed by the same set of institutions.

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The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957,Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union, as renamed by the Lisbon Treaty.

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Fascism

Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation or race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.

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Federal Intelligence Service

The Federal Intelligence Service (German: Bundesnachrichtendienst,; BND) is the foreign intelligence agency of Germany, directly subordinate to the Chancellor's Office.

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Federation

A federation (also called a federal state) is an entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a federal government (federalism).

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Fifth column

A fifth column is a group of people who undermine a larger group or nation from within, usually in favor of an enemy group or another nation.

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Fighter aircraft

Fighter aircraft (early on also pursuit aircraft) are military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat.

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Franjo Tuđman

Franjo Tuđman (14 May 1922 – 10 December 1999) was a Croatian politician and historian who became the first president of Croatia, from 1990 until his death.

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Free to Choose

Free to Choose: A Personal Statement is a 1980 book by economists Milton and Rose D. Friedman, accompanied by a ten-part series broadcast on public television, that advocates free market principles.

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Full employment

Full employment is an economic situation in which there is no cyclical or deficient-demand unemployment.

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Gazimestan speech

The Gazimestan speech (Говор на Газиместану) was given on 28 June 1989 by Slobodan Milošević, then president of Serbia, at the Gazimestan monument on the Kosovo field.

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General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU).

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Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia

The Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia (Геноцид над Србима у Независној Држави Хрватској) was the systematic persecution and extermination of Serbs committed during World War II by the fascist Ustaše regime in the Nazi German puppet state known as the Independent State of Croatia (Независна Држава Хрватска, NDH) between 1941 and 1945.

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George H. W. Bush

George Herbert Walker BushAfter the 1990s, he became more commonly known as George H. W. Bush, "Bush Senior," "Bush 41," and even "Bush the Elder" to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, who served as the 43rd U.S. president from 2001 to 2009; previously, he was usually referred to simply as George Bush.

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German reunification

German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process of re-establishing Germany as a single full sovereign state, which took place between 9 November 1989 and 15 March 1991.

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Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.

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Gestapo

The Geheime Staatspolizei, abbreviated Gestapo, was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.

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Government of National Salvation

The Government of National Salvation (Vlada narodnog spasa; Regierung der nationalen Rettung, VNS), also referred to as Nedić's government or Nedić's regime, was the colloquial name of the second Serbian collaborationist puppet government established after the Commissioner Government in the German-occupied territory of Serbia during World War II in Yugoslavia.

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Greater Albania

Greater Albania (Shqipëria e Madhe) is an irredentist and nationalist concept that seeks to unify the lands that many Albanians consider to form their national homeland.

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Greater Croatia

Greater Croatia (Velika Hrvatska) is a term applied to certain currents within Croatian nationalism.

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Greater Serbia

The term Greater Serbia or Great Serbia (Velika Srbija) describes the Serbian nationalist and irredentist ideology of the creation of a Serb state which would incorporate all regions of traditional significance to Serbs, a South Slavic ethnic group, including regions outside modern-day Serbia that are partly populated by Serbs.

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Group of 77

The Group of 77 (G77) at the United Nations (UN) is a coalition of developing countries, designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations.

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Gulf of Trieste

The Gulf of Trieste is a shallow bay of the Adriatic Sea, in the extreme northern part of the Adriatic Sea.

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Hans-Dietrich Genscher

Hans-Dietrich Genscher (21 March 1927 – 31 March 2016) was a German statesman and a member of the liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP), who served as Federal Minister of the Interior from 1969 to 1974, and as Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs and Vice Chancellor of Germany from 1974 to 1992 (except for a two-week break in 1982, after the FDP had left the Third Schmidt cabinet), making him the longest-serving occupant of either post and the only person to have held one of these positions under two different Chancellors of the Federal Republic of Germany.

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Heinemann (publisher)

William Heinemann Ltd., with the imprint Heinemann, was a London-based publisher founded in 1890 by William Heinemann.

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Helicopter

A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by horizontally spinning rotors.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Helicopter

Helmut Kohl

Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (3 April 1930 – 16 June 2017) was a German politician who served as Chancellor of West Germany from 1982 to 1990, Chancellor of Germany from 1990 to 1998 and Leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) from 1973 to 1998.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Helmut Kohl

History of Serbia

The history of Serbia covers the historical development of Serbia and of its predecessor states, from the Early Stone Age to the present state, as well as that of the Serbian people and of the areas they ruled historically.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and History of Serbia

Holy See

The Holy See (url-status,; Santa Sede), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the pope in his role as the Bishop of Rome.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Holy See

Human Rights League (France)

The Human Rights League (Ligue des droits de l’homme or LDH) of France is a Human Rights NGO association to observe, defend and promulgate human rights within the French Republic in all spheres of public life.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Human Rights League (France)

Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization headquartered in New York City that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Human Rights Watch

Hungary

Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Hungary

Independence of Croatia

The independence of Croatia was a process started with the changes in the political system and the constitutional changes in 1990 that transformed the Socialist Republic of Croatia into the Republic of Croatia, which in turn proclaimed the Christmas Constitution, and held the 1991 Croatian independence referendum.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Independence of Croatia

Independent State of Croatia

The Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH) was a World War II-era puppet state of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Independent State of Croatia

Inflation

In economics, inflation is a general increase in the prices of goods and services in an economy.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Inflation

Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization

The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO; translit; translit), was a secret revolutionary society founded in the Ottoman territories in Europe, that operated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization

International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 190 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of last resort to national governments, and a leading supporter of exchange-rate stability.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and International Monetary Fund

International recognition of Kosovo

International governments are divided on the issue of recognition of the independence of Kosovo from Serbia, which was declared in 2008.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and International recognition of Kosovo

International sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

During the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s and early 2000s, several rounds of international sanctions were imposed against the former Yugoslav republics of Serbia and Montenegro that formed a new country called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and International sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Iron Gates

The Iron Gates (Porțile de Fier; Ђердапска клисура / Đerdapska klisura or Гвоздена капија / Gvozdena kapija; Hungarian: Vaskapu-szoros) is a gorge on the river Danube.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Iron Gates

Italian fascism

Italian fascism (fascismo italiano), also classical fascism and Fascism, is the original fascist ideology, which Giovanni Gentile and Benito Mussolini developed in Italy.

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Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Italy

Ivan Stambolić

Ivan Stambolić (Иван Стамболић; 5 November 1936 – 25 August 2000) was a Serbian politician who served as the president of the League of Communists of Serbia (SKS) from 1984 to 1986.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Ivan Stambolić

Ivica Račan

Ivica Račan (24 February 1944 – 29 April 2007) was a Croatian politician who served as Prime Minister of Croatia from 2000 to 2003, heading two centre-left coalition governments.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Ivica Račan

Janez Drnovšek

Janez Drnovšek (17 May 1950 – 23 February 2008) was a Slovenian liberal politician, President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1989–1990), Prime Minister of Slovenia (1992–2002, with a short break in 2000) and President of Slovenia (2002–2007).

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Janez Drnovšek

Jasenovac, Sisak-Moslavina County

Jasenovac is a village and a municipality in Croatia, in the southern part of the Sisak-Moslavina County at the confluence of the river Una into Sava.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Jasenovac, Sisak-Moslavina County

Josip Broz Tito

Josip Broz (Јосип Броз,; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (Тито), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician who served in various positions of national leadership from 1943 until his death in 1980.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Josip Broz Tito

Kingdom of Serbia

The Kingdom of Serbia (Kraljevina Srbija) was a country located in the Balkans which was created when the ruler of the Principality of Serbia, Milan I, was proclaimed king in 1882.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Kingdom of Serbia

Kingdom of Yugoslavia

The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Kingdom of Yugoslavia

Kiro Gligorov

Kiro Gligorov (Киро Глигоров,; 3 May 1917 – 1 January 2012) was a Macedonian politician who served as the first president of the Republic of Macedonia (now North Macedonia) from 1991 to 1999.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Kiro Gligorov

Knin

Knin is a city in the Šibenik-Knin County of Croatia, located in the Dalmatian hinterland near the source of the river Krka, an important traffic junction on the rail and road routes between Zagreb and Split.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Knin

Kosovo Albanians

The Albanians of Kosovo (Shqiptarët e Kosovës), also commonly called Kosovo Albanians, Kosovan Albanians or Kosovars (Kosovarët), constitute the largest ethnic group in Kosovo.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Kosovo Albanians

Kosovo Serbs

Kosovo Serbs are one of the ethnic groups of Kosovo and they form the largest ethnic minority community in Kosovo (5–6%).

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Kosovo Serbs

Kosovo War

The Kosovo War (Lufta e Kosovës; Kosovski rat) was an armed conflict in Kosovo that lasted from 28 February 1998 until 11 June 1999.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Kosovo War

Lake Prespa

The Lake Prespa is located on the tripoint of North Macedonia, Albania and Greece.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Lake Prespa

League of Communists of Serbia

The League of Communists of Serbia (Savez komunista Srbije, abbr. SKS), known as the Communist Party of Serbia (Komunistička partija Srbije, abbr. KPS) until 1952, was the ruling political party of Serbia from 1945 to 1990.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and League of Communists of Serbia

League of Communists of Slovenia

The League of Communists of Slovenia (Zveza komunistov Slovenije, ZKS; Savez komunista Slovenije) was the Slovenian branch of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, the sole legal party of Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1990.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and League of Communists of Slovenia

League of Communists of Yugoslavia

The League of Communists of Yugoslavia, known until 1952 as the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, was the founding and ruling party of SFR Yugoslavia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and League of Communists of Yugoslavia

List of heads of state of Yugoslavia

This article lists the heads of state of Yugoslavia from the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Kingdom of Yugoslavia) in 1918 until the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and List of heads of state of Yugoslavia

Ljubljana

Ljubljana (also known by other historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia, located along a trade route between the northern Adriatic Sea and the Danube region, north of the country's largest marsh, inhabited since prehistoric times.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Ljubljana

Ljubljana Airport

Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport (Letališče Jožeta Pučnika Ljubljana), also known by its previous name Brnik Airport (Letališče Brnik), is the international airport serving Ljubljana and the largest airport in Slovenia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Ljubljana Airport

Log Revolution

The Log Revolution (Balvan revolucija / Балван револуција) was an insurrection which started on August 17, 1990, in areas of the Republic of Croatia which were populated significantly by ethnic Serbs.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Log Revolution

Mark Almond

Mark Almond (born 1958) is a British author, and was a lecturer in Modern History at Oriel College, Oxford.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Mark Almond

Market liberalism

Market liberalism is used in two distinct ways.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Market liberalism

Martial law

Martial law is the replacement of civilian government by military rule and the suspension of civilian legal processes for military powers.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Martial law

Martin Špegelj

Martin Špegelj (11 November 1927 – 11 May 2014) was a Croatian army general and politician who served as the second defense minister of Croatia and, later, the chief of staff of the newborn Croatian army and inspector-general of the army.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Martin Špegelj

Masters of the Universe? NATO's Balkan Crusade

Masters of the Universe? NATO's Balkan Crusade is a 2000 anthology of texts critical of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War, edited by Tariq Ali.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Masters of the Universe? NATO's Balkan Crusade

Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Mediterranean Sea

Member states of the United Nations

The member states of the United Nations comprise sovereign states.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Member states of the United Nations

Midžor

Midžor (Миџор) or Midzhur (Миджур) is a peak in the Balkan Mountains, situated on the border between Bulgaria and Serbia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Midžor

Mikhail Gorbachev

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to the country's dissolution in 1991.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Mikhail Gorbachev

Milan Babić

Milan Babić (Милан Бабић; 25 February 1956 – 5 March 2006) was a Croatian Serb politician and war criminal who served as the first president of the Republic of Serbian Krajina, a self-proclaimed state largely populated by Serbs of Croatia that wished to break away from Croatia during the Croatian War of Independence.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Milan Babić

Milan Kučan

Milan Kučan (born 14 January 1941) is a Slovenian former politician who served as the first President of Slovenia from 1991 to 2002.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Milan Kučan

Milan Martić

Milan Martić (Милан Мартић; born 18 December 1954) is a Croatian Serb politician and war criminal who served as the president of the unrecognized Republic of Serbian Krajina, a self-proclaimed state largely populated by Serbs of Croatia that wished to break away from Croatia during the Croatian War of Independence.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Milan Martić

Milan Nedić

Milan Nedić (Милан Недић; 2 September 1878 – 4 February 1946) was a Yugoslav and Serbian army general and politician who served as the chief of the General Staff of the Royal Yugoslav Army and minister of war in the Royal Yugoslav Government.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Milan Nedić

Milo Đukanović

Milo Đukanović (born 15 February 1962) is a Montenegrin politician who served as the President of Montenegro from 2018 to 2023, previously serving in the role from 1998 to 2002.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Milo Đukanović

Milton Friedman

Milton Friedman (July 31, 1912 – November 16, 2006) was an American economist and statistician who received the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and the complexity of stabilization policy.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Milton Friedman

Misha Glenny

Michael V. E. "Misha" Glenny (born 25 April 1958) is a British journalist and broadcaster, specialising in southeast Europe, global organised crime, and cybersecurity.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Misha Glenny

Momir Bulatović

Momir Bulatović (Момир Булатовић; 21 September 1956 – 30 June 2019) was a Yugoslav and Montenegrin politician.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Momir Bulatović

Montenegrin nationalism

Montenegrin nationalism is the nationalism that asserts that Montenegrins are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Montenegrins.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Montenegrin nationalism

Montenegro

Montenegro is a country in Southeastern Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Montenegro

National Assembly (Serbia)

The National Assembly (Narodna skupština) or simply Skupština is the unicameral legislature of Serbia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and National Assembly (Serbia)

National Bank of Yugoslavia

The National Bank of Yugoslavia (NBY, Narodna banka Jugoslavije) was the central bank of Yugoslavia, succeeding the National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbia in Belgrade in 1920.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and National Bank of Yugoslavia

National security directive

National security directives are presidential directives issued for the National Security Council (NSC).

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and National security directive

NATO bombing of Yugoslavia

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) carried out an aerial bombing campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and NATO bombing of Yugoslavia

Non-Aligned Movement

The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum of 120 countries that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Non-Aligned Movement

North Macedonia

North Macedonia, officially the Republic of North Macedonia, is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and North Macedonia

Operation Deliberate Force

Operation Deliberate Force was a sustained air campaign conducted by NATO, in concert with the UNPROFOR ground operations, to undermine the military capability of the Army of Republika Srpska, which had threatened and attacked UN-designated "safe areas" in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Bosnian War with the Srebrenica genocide and Markale massacres, precipitating the intervention.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Operation Deliberate Force

Operation Storm

Operation Storm (Операција Олуја) was the last major battle of the Croatian War of Independence and a major factor in the outcome of the Bosnian War.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Operation Storm

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is a regional security-oriented intergovernmental organization comprising member states in Europe, North America, and Asia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

Oskar Lafontaine

Oskar Lafontaine (born 16 September 1943) is a German politician.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Oskar Lafontaine

Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević

The overthrow of Slobodan Milošević began in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia after the general election on 24 September 2000 and culminated in the downfall of Slobodan Milošević's government on 5 October 2000.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević

Pakrac clash

The Pakrac clash, known in Croatia as the Battle of Pakrac (Bitka za Pakrac), was a bloodless skirmish that took place in the Croatian town of Pakrac in March 1991.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Pakrac clash

Pan-Slavism

Pan-Slavism, a movement that took shape in the mid-19th century, is the political ideology concerned with promoting integrity and unity for the Slavic people.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Pan-Slavism

Paris Charter

The Charter of Paris for a New Europe (also known as the Paris Charter) was adopted by a summit meeting of most European governments in addition to those of Canada, the United States and the Soviet Union, in Paris from 19–21 November 1990.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Paris Charter

Parliament of Montenegro

The Parliament of Montenegro (Skupština Crne Gore / Скупштина Црне Горе) is the unicameral legislature of Montenegro.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Parliament of Montenegro

Partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina was discussed and attempted during the 20th century. Breakup of Yugoslavia and partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina are partition (politics).

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Peacekeeping

Peacekeeping comprises activities, especially military ones, intended to create conditions that favor lasting peace.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Peacekeeping

People's Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The People's Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina was an assembly formed on 26 April 1945 in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and People's Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Perestroika

Perestroika (a) was a political reform movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s, widely associated with CPSU general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "transparency") policy reform.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Perestroika

Petar Gračanin

Petar Gračanin (Serbian Cyrillic: Петар Грачанин; 22 June 1923 – 27 June 2004) was a Yugoslav and Serbian politician and general in the Yugoslav People's Army.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Petar Gračanin

Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington

Peter Alexander Rupert Carington, 6th Baron Carrington, Baron Carington of Upton, (6 June 1919 – 9July 2018), was a British Conservative Party politician and hereditary peer who served as Defence Secretary from 1970 to 1974, Foreign Secretary from 1979 to 1982, chairman of the General Electric Company from 1983 to 1984, and Secretary General of NATO from 1984 to 1988.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington

Planned economy

A planned economy is a type of economic system where the distribution of goods and services or the investment, production and the allocation of capital goods takes place according to economic plans that are either economy-wide or limited to a category of goods and services.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Planned economy

Plitvice Lakes incident

The Plitvice Lakes incident (Krvavi Uskrs na Plitvicama or Plitvički krvavi Uskrs, both translating as "Plitvice Bloody Easter") was an armed clash at the beginning of the Croatian War of Independence.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Plitvice Lakes incident

Political unitarism

Political unitarism designates various theories, concepts or policies that advocate or enforce a fully unified and centralized system of government, with ultimate goal in creating a unitary state.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Political unitarism

Post–Cold War era

The post–Cold War era is a period of history that follows the end of the Cold War, which represents history after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Post–Cold War era

Preševo

Preševo (Прешево,; Preshevë) is a town and municipality located in the Pčinja District of southern Serbia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Preševo

Presidency of Ronald Reagan

Ronald Reagan's tenure as the 40th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 1981, and ended on January 20, 1989.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Presidency of Ronald Reagan

Presidency of Yugoslavia

The Presidency of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Predsedništvo SFRJ, Predsjedništvo SFRJ, Predsedstvo SFRJ, Predsedatelstvo na SFRJ) was the collective head of state of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Presidency of Yugoslavia

President of Yugoslavia

The president of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the head of state of that country from 14 January 1953 to 4 May 1980.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and President of Yugoslavia

Propaganda during the Yugoslav Wars

During the Yugoslav Wars (1991–2001), propaganda was widely used in the media of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, of Croatia and (to an extent) of Bosnia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Propaganda during the Yugoslav Wars

Puppet state

A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government is a state that is de jure independent but de facto completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Puppet state

Quasi-state

A quasi-state (some times referred to as state-like entity or formatively a proto-state) is a political entity that does not represent a fully autonomous sovereign state with its own institutions.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Quasi-state

Quisling

Quisling is a term used in Scandinavian languages and in English to mean a citizen or politician of an occupied country who collaborates with an enemy occupying force – or more generally as a synonym for traitor or collaborator.

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Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is an American government-funded international media organization that broadcasts and reports news, information, and analyses to Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Middle East.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Radio Television of Serbia

Radio Television of Serbia (Радио-телевизија Србије, italics; abbr. RTS/PTC) is the state-owned public radio and television broadcaster of Serbia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Radio Television of Serbia

Radiotelevizija Slovenija

Radiotelevizija Slovenija (Radio-Television of Slovenia) – usually abbreviated to RTV Slovenija (or simply RTV within Slovenia) – is Slovenia's national public broadcasting organization.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Radiotelevizija Slovenija

Radovan Karadžić

Radovan Karadžić (Радован Караџић,; born 19 June 1945) is a Bosnian Serb politician who was convicted of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY).

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Radovan Karadžić

Raif Dizdarević

Raif Dizdarević (born 9 December 1926) is a Bosnian politician who served as Yugoslavia's first Bosniak president of the Presidency from 1988 to 1989.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Raif Dizdarević

Recession

In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction that occurs when there is a general decline in economic activity.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Recession

Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Република Босна и Херцеговина) was a state in Southeastern Europe, existing from 1992 to 1995.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Republic of Kosova

The Republic of Kosova (Republika e Kosovës), also known as the First Republic of Kosovo (Republika e Parë e Kosovës), was a self-declared proto-state in Southeast Europe established in 1991.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Republic of Kosova

Republic of Montenegro (1992–2006)

The Republic of Montenegro (Republika Crna Gora) was a constituent federated state of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and then Serbia and Montenegro between 1992 and 2006.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Republic of Montenegro (1992–2006)

Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)

The Republic of Serbia (Република Србија / Republika Srbija) was a constituent state of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia between 1992 and 2003 and the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro from 2003 to 2006.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)

Republic of Serbian Krajina

The Republic of Serbian Krajina or Serb Republic of Krajina (italics / Republika Srpska Krajina or РСК / RSK), known as the Serbian Krajina (italics / Srpska Krajina) or simply Krajina, was a self-proclaimed Serb proto-state, a territory within the newly independent Republic of Croatia (formerly part of Socialist Yugoslavia), which it defied, and which was active during the Croatian War of Independence (1991–95).

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Republic of Serbian Krajina

Republika Srpska

Republika Srpska (Република Српска,, also known as the Serb Republic) is one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Republika Srpska

Republika Srpska (1992–1995)

The Republika Srpska (RS; Република Српска) was a self-proclaimed statelet in Southeastern Europe under the control of the Army of Republika Srpska during the Bosnian War.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Republika Srpska (1992–1995)

Reuters

Reuters is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Reuters

Revolutions of 1989

The Revolutions of 1989, also known as the Fall of Communism, were a revolutionary wave of liberal democracy movements that resulted in the collapse of most Marxist–Leninist governments in the Eastern Bloc and other parts of the world.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Revolutions of 1989

Rijeka

Rijeka (local Chakavian: Reka or Rika; Reka, Fiume (Fiume; Fiume; outdated German name: Sankt Veit am Flaum), is the principal seaport and the third-largest city in Croatia (after Zagreb and Split). It is located in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and in 2021 had a population of 108,622 inhabitants.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Rijeka

Riza Sapunxhiu

Riza Sapunxhiu (15 March 1925 – 6 September 2008) was a Kosovar communist politician and economist.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Riza Sapunxhiu

Robert Badinter

Robert Badinter (30 March 1928 – 9 February 2024) was a French lawyer, politician, and author who enacted the abolition of the death penalty in France in 1981, while serving as Minister of Justice under François Mitterrand.

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Rose Friedman

Rose Director Friedman; born Rose Director (30 December 1910 – 18 August 2009) was a free-market economist and co-founder of the Milton and Rose D. Friedman Foundation.

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Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Routledge

Rump state

A rump state is the remnant of a once much larger state, left with a greatly reduced territory in the wake of secession, annexation, occupation, decolonization, or a successful coup d'état or revolution on part of its former territory.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Rump state

Sandžak

Sandžak (Санџак) is a historical geo-political region located in the southwestern part of Serbia and the eastern part of Montenegro.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Sandžak

SANU Memorandum

The Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, known simply as the SANU Memorandum (Меморандум САНУ), was a draft document produced by a 16-member committee of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU) from 1985 to 1986.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and SANU Memorandum

SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia

The Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia (Српска аутономна област Источна Славонија, Барања и Западни Срем) was a self-proclaimed Serbian Autonomous Oblast (SAO) in eastern Croatia, established during the Yugoslav Wars.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia

SAO Krajina

The Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Krajina (Српска аутономна област Крајина) or SAO Krajina (САО Крајина) was a self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Region (oblast) within modern-day Croatia (then a part of Yugoslavia).

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and SAO Krajina

SAO Western Slavonia

The Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Western Slavonia (Српска аутономна област Западна Славонија) was a Serbian self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Region (oblast) within Croatia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and SAO Western Slavonia

Schutzstaffel

The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylised as ᛋᛋ with Armanen runes) was a major paramilitary organisation under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II.

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Sejdo Bajramović

Sejdo Bajramović (or Bajrami;; 7 July 1927 – 1993) was a Yugoslav soldier and politician of the former Yugoslavia, who was the acting head of state of Yugoslavia for a brief time in 1991.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Sejdo Bajramović

Self-determination

Self-determination refers to a people's right to form its own political entity, and internal self-determination is the right to representative government with full suffrage.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Self-determination

Separatism

Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, regional, governmental, or gender separation from the larger group. Breakup of Yugoslavia and Separatism are partition (politics).

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Separatism

Serb Autonomous Regions

From August 1990 to November 1991, during the breakup of Yugoslavia, several Serb Autonomous Regions, or Districts (Српска аутономна област (САО) / Srpska autonomna oblast (SAO)) were proclaimed in the Yugoslav republics of SR Croatia and SR Bosnia and Herzegovina in light of the possible secession of the republics from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Serb Autonomous Regions

Serb Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

The Serb Democratic Party (Српска демократска странка/Srpska demokratska stranka or СДС/SDS) is a Serb political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Serb Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Serb National Council

The Serb National Council (Srpsko narodno vijeće) is an elected political, consulting and coordinating body which acts as a form of self-government and autonomous cultural institution of the Serbs of Croatia in matters regarding civil rights and cultural identity.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Serb National Council

Serb Volunteer Guard

The Serb Volunteer Guard (Srpska dobrovoljačka garda, SDG), also known as Arkan's Tigers (translit) or Arkan's men (translit), was a Serbian volunteer paramilitary unit founded and led by Željko Ražnatović that fought in the Croatian War and the Bosnian War during the Yugoslav Wars and was responsible for numerous war crimes and massacres.

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Serbia

Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Southeast and Central Europe, located in the Balkans and the Pannonian Plain.

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Serbia and Montenegro

The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (Državna zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora) or simply Serbia and Montenegro (Srbija i Crna Gora), known until 2003 as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Savezna Republika Jugoslavija), FR Yugoslavia (FRY) or simply Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija), was a country in Southeast Europe located in the Balkans that existed from 1992 to 2006, following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia).

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro

Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts

The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Academia Scientiarum et Artium Serbica; Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, SANU) is a national academy and the most prominent academic institution in Serbia, founded in 1841 as Society of Serbian Letters (Društvo srbske slovesnosti, DSS).

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Serbian diaspora

Serbian diaspora refers to Serbian emigrant communities in the diaspora.

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Serbian nationalism

Serbian nationalism asserts that Serbs are a nation and promotes the cultural and political unity of Serbs.

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Serbian Volunteer Corps (World War II)

The Serbian Volunteer Corps (Српски добровољачки корпус, Srpski dobrovoljački korpus, SDK for short; Serbisches Freiwilligenkorps), also known as Ljotićevci (Љотићевци), was the paramilitary branch of the fascist political organisation Zbor, and collaborated with the forces of Nazi Germany in the German-occupied territory of Serbia during World War II.

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Serbs

The Serbs (Srbi) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Southeastern Europe who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history, and language.

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Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Srbi Bosne i Hercegovine), often referred to as Bosnian Serbs (bosanski Srbi) or Herzegovinian Serbs (hercegovačkih Srbi), are native and one of the three constitutive nations (state-forming nations) of the country, predominantly residing in the political-territorial entity of Republika Srpska.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Serbs of Croatia

The Serbs of Croatia (Srbi u Hrvatskoj) or Croatian Serbs (Hrvatski Srbi) constitute the largest national minority in Croatia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Serbs of Croatia

Shock therapy (economics)

In economics, shock therapy is a group of policies intended to be implemented simultaneously in order to liberalize the economy, including liberalization of all prices, privatization, trade liberalization, and stabilization via tight monetary policies and fiscal policies.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Shock therapy (economics)

Siege of Dubrovnik

The siege of Dubrovnik (опсада Дубровника) was a military engagement fought between the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and Croatian forces defending the city of Dubrovnik and its surroundings during the Croatian War of Independence.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Siege of Dubrovnik

Siege of Sarajevo

The Siege of Sarajevo was a prolonged blockade of Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, during the Bosnian War.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Siege of Sarajevo

Slavonia

Slavonia (Slavonija; Hungarian: Szlavónia) is, with Dalmatia, Croatia proper, and Istria, one of the four historical regions of Croatia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Slavonia

Slobodan Milošević

Slobodan Milošević (20 August 1941 – 11 March 2006) was a Yugoslav and Serbian politician who was the President of Serbia between 1989–1997 and President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1997 until his оverthrow in 2000.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Slobodan Milošević

Slovenes

The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians (Slovenci), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia, and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Slovenes

Slovenia

Slovenia (Slovenija), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene), is a country in southern Central Europe.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Slovenia

The Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands,; SPD) is a social democratic political party in Germany.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Social Democratic Party of Germany

The Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo,separator, Krahina Socialiste Autonome e Kosovës referred to simply as Kosovo, was one of the two autonomous provinces of the Socialist Republic of Serbia within Yugoslavia (the other being Vojvodina), between 1945 and 1990, when it was renamed Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo

The Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Socijalistička Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina / italics; Vajdaság Szocialista Autonóm Tartomány) was one of two autonomous provinces within the Socialist Republic of Serbia, in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina

The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (commonly abbreviated as SFRY or SFR Yugoslavia), commonly referred to as Socialist Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Социјалистичка Pепублика Босна и Херцеговина), commonly referred to as Socialist Bosnia or simply Bosnia, was one of the six constituent federal states forming the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Socialist Republic of Croatia (Социјалистичка Република Хрватска), commonly abbreviated as SR Croatia and referred to as simply Croatia, was a constituent republic and federated state of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Socialist Republic of Croatia

The Socialist Republic of Macedonia (Socijalistička Republika Makedonija), or SR Macedonia, commonly referred to as Socialist Macedonia, Yugoslav Macedonia or simply Macedonia, was one of the six constituent republics of the post-World War II Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and a nation state of the Macedonians.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Socialist Republic of Macedonia

The Socialist Republic of Montenegro (Социјалистичка Република Црна Гора), commonly referred to as Socialist Montenegro or simply Montenegro, was one of the six republics forming the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the nation state of the Montenegrins.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Socialist Republic of Montenegro

The Socialist Republic of Serbia (Socijalistička Republika Srbija), previously known as the People's Republic of Serbia (National Republic of Serbia), commonly abbreviated as Republic of Serbia or simply Serbia, was one of the six constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in what is now the modern day states of Serbia and the disputed territory of Kosovo.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Socialist Republic of Serbia

The Socialist Republic of Slovenia (Socialistična republika Slovenija, Социјалистичка Република Словенија), commonly referred to as Socialist Slovenia or simply Slovenia, was one of the six federal republics forming Yugoslavia and the nation state of the Slovenes.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Socialist Republic of Slovenia

Southeast Europe

Southeast Europe or Southeastern Europe (SEE) is a geographical sub-region of Europe, consisting primarily of the region of the Balkans, as well as adjacent regions and archipelagos.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Southeast Europe

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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Split, Croatia

Split (Spalato:; see other names), is the second-largest city of Croatia after the capital Zagreb, the largest city in Dalmatia and the largest city on the Croatian coast.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Split, Croatia

State of emergency

A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and State of emergency

Stevan Moljević

Stevan Moljević (6 January 1888 – 15 November 1959) was a Yugoslav and Serbian politician, lawyer and publicist, president of the Yugoslav-French Club, president of the Yugoslav-British Club, president of Rotary International Club of Yugoslavia and member of the Central National Committee of Yugoslavia (CNK) in World War II.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Stevan Moljević

Stipe Šuvar

Stipe Šuvar (17 February 1936 – 29 June 2004) was a Croatian politician and sociologist who was regarded to have been one of the most influential communist politicians in the League of Communists of Croatia (SKH) in SR Croatia in the 1980s during Yugoslavia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Stipe Šuvar

Stjepan Mesić

Stjepan "Stipe" Mesić (born 24 December 1934) is a Croatian lawyer and politician who served as President of Croatia from 2000 to 2010.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Stjepan Mesić

Stjepan Radić

Stjepan Radić (11 June 1871 – 8 August 1928) was a Croat politician and founder of the Croatian People's Peasant Party (HPSS), active in Austria-Hungary and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Stjepan Radić

Subsidy

A subsidy or government incentive is a type of government expenditure for individuals and households, as well as businesses with the aim of stabilizing the economy.

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Susan L. Woodward

Susan Lampland Woodward is a professor at the Political Science Program at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY) since 2001.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Susan L. Woodward

The Death of Yugoslavia

The Death of Yugoslavia (broadcast as Yugoslavia: Death of a Nation in the US) is a BBC documentary series first broadcast in September and October 1995, and returning in June 1996.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and The Death of Yugoslavia

The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and The New York Times

Third World

The term "Third World" arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact.

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Time (magazine)

Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Time (magazine)

Timeline of the breakup of Yugoslavia

The breakup of Yugoslavia was a process in which the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was broken up into constituent republics, and over the course of which the Yugoslav wars started.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Timeline of the breakup of Yugoslavia

United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and United Nations

United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo

The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (Misioni i Administratës së Përkohshme të Kombeve të Bashkuara në Kosovë, Privremena administrativna misija Ujedinjenih nacija na Kosovu; UNMIK) is the officially mandated mission of the United Nations in Kosovo.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo

United Nations Security Council

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and United Nations Security Council

United Nations Security Council Resolution 721

United Nations Security Council resolution 721, adopted unanimously on 27 November 1991, after reaffirming Resolution 713 (1991) on the situation in the SFR Yugoslavia, the council strongly supported the efforts of the Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar and his Personal Envoy to help end the outbreak of fighting in parts of the country, in the hope of establishing a peacekeeping mission.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and United Nations Security Council Resolution 721

United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium

The United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium (UNTAES) was a UN peacebuilding transitional administration in the Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia in the eastern parts of Croatia (multicultural Danube river region).

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium

United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

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United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust.

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United States Institute of Peace

The United States Institute of Peace (USIP) is an American federal institution tasked with promoting conflict resolution and prevention worldwide.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and United States Institute of Peace

Urban warfare

Urban warfare is warfare in urban areas such as towns and cities.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Urban warfare

Ustaše

The Ustaše, also known by anglicised versions Ustasha or Ustashe, was a Croatian, fascist and ultranationalist organization active, as one organization, between 1929 and 1945, formally known as the Ustaša – Croatian Revolutionary Movement (Ustaša – Hrvatski revolucionarni pokret).

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Ustaše

Vance plan

The Vance plan (Vanceov plan, italics) was a peace plan negotiated by the former United States Secretary of State Cyrus Vance in November 1991 during the Croatian War of Independence.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Vance plan

Vasil Tupurkovski

Vasil Tupurkovski (Васил Тупурковски; born 8 April 1951) is a Macedonian academic, politician and the former president of the Olympic Committee of North Macedonia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Vasil Tupurkovski

Veljko Kadijević

Veljko Kadijević (Вељко Кадијевић; 21 November 1925 – 2 November 2014) was a Serbian general of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA).

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Veljko Kadijević

Vladimir Žerjavić

Vladimir Žerjavić (2 August 1912 – 5 September 2001) was a Croatian economist and demographer who published a series of historical articles and books during the 1980s and 1990s on demographic losses in Yugoslavia during World War II and of Axis forces and civilians in the Bleiburg repatriations shortly after the capitulation of Germany.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Vladimir Žerjavić

Vojvodina

Vojvodina (Војводина), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia, located in Central Europe.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Vojvodina

Vukovar

Vukovar (Вуковар, Vukovár, Wukowar) is a city in Croatia, in the eastern regions of Syrmia and Slavonia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Vukovar

Vukovar massacre

The Vukovar massacre, also known as the Vukovar hospital massacre or the Ovčara massacre, was the killing of Croatian prisoners of war and civilians by Serb paramilitaries, to whom they had been turned over by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), at the Ovčara farm southeast of Vukovar on 20 November 1991, during the Croatian War of Independence.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Vukovar massacre

Waffen-SS

The Waffen-SS was the combat branch of the Nazi Party's paramilitary Schutzstaffel (SS) organisation.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Waffen-SS

Westview Press

Westview Press was an American publishing company headquartered in Boulder, Colorado founded in 1975.

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World Heritage Site

World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection by an international convention administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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World War II casualties

World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history.

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World War II in Yugoslavia

World War II in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia began on 6 April 1941, when the country was invaded and swiftly conquered by Axis forces and partitioned among Germany, Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria and their client regimes.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and World War II in Yugoslavia

Xenophobia

Xenophobia (from ξένος (xénos), "strange, foreign, or alien", and (phóbos), "fear") is the fear or dislike of anything which is perceived as being foreign or strange.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Xenophobia

Yugoslav Air Force

The Air Force and Air Defence (Ratno vazduhoplovstvo i protivvazdušna odbrana; abbr. RV i PVO), was one of three branches of the Yugoslav People's Army, the Yugoslav military.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Yugoslav Air Force

Yugoslav Partisans

The Yugoslav Partisans,Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene: Partizani, Партизани or the National Liberation Army,Народноослободилачка војска (НОВ); Народноослободителна војска (НОВ); Narodnoosvobodilna vojska (NOV) officially the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia,Народноослободилачка војска и партизански одреди Југославије (НОВ и ПОЈ); Народноослободителна војска и партизански одреди на Југославија (НОВ и ПОЈ); Narodnoosvobodilna vojska in partizanski odredi Jugoslavije (NOV in POJ) was the communist-led anti-fascist resistance to the Axis powers (chiefly Nazi Germany) in occupied Yugoslavia during World War II.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Yugoslav Partisans

Yugoslav People's Army

The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA/ЈНА; Macedonian, Montenegrin and Jugoslovenska narodna armija; Croatian and Jugoslavenska narodna armija; Jugoslovanska ljudska armada, JLA), also called the Yugoslav National Army, was the military of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and its antecedents from 1945 to 1992.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Yugoslav People's Army

Yugoslav Wars

The Yugoslav Wars were a series of separate but relatedNaimark (2003), p. xvii.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Yugoslav Wars

Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia (Југославија; Jugoslavija; Југославија) was a country in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 to 1992.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Yugoslavia

Yugoslavs

Yugoslavs or Yugoslavians (Југославени/Југословени; Jugoslovani; Jugosloveni) is an identity that was originally conceived to refer to a united South Slavic people.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Yugoslavs

Zagreb

Zagreb is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and Zagreb

13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian)

The 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian) was a mountain infantry division of the Waffen-SS, an armed branch of the German Nazi Party that served alongside but was never formally part of the Wehrmacht during World War II.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian)

14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia

The League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) convened the highest forum for its 14th Extraordinary Congress on 20–23 January 1990 before it adjourned.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia

1973 oil crisis

In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attack in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the territories that they had lost to Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 1973 oil crisis

1974 Yugoslav Constitution

The 1974 Yugoslav Constitution was the fourth and final constitution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 1974 Yugoslav Constitution

1981 protests in Kosovo

In March and April 1981, a student protest in Pristina, the capital of the then Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo, led to widespread protests by Kosovo Albanians demanding more autonomy within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 1981 protests in Kosovo

1989 Kosovo miners' strike

The 1989 Kosovo miners' strike was a hunger strike initiated by the workers of the Trepča Mines on 20 February 1989 against the abolition of the autonomy of the Province of Kosovo by the Socialist Republic of Serbia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 1989 Kosovo miners' strike

1990 Bosnian general election

General elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 18 November 1990, with a second round of voting in the House of Peoples elections on 2 December.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 1990 Bosnian general election

1990 Croatian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in the Socialist Republic of Croatia between 22 and 23 April 1990; the second round of voting occurred on 6–7 May.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 1990 Croatian parliamentary election

1990 Macedonian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia on 11 November 1990, with a second round on 25 November.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 1990 Macedonian parliamentary election

1990 Montenegrin general election

General elections were held in SR Montenegro on 9 December 1990, Florian Bieber with a second round of the presidential election held on 23 December.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 1990 Montenegrin general election

1990 Serbian general election

General elections were held in Serbia, a constituent federal unit of SFR Yugoslavia, in December 1990 to elect the president of Serbia and members of the National Assembly.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 1990 Serbian general election

1990 Slovenian independence referendum

An independence referendum was held in the Republic of Slovenia (then part of SFR Yugoslavia) on 23 December 1990.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 1990 Slovenian independence referendum

1990 Slovenian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in the SR Slovenia on 8 April 1990, together with the first round of presidential elections.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 1990 Slovenian parliamentary election

1991 Bosnian Serb referendum

A referendum on remaining in Yugoslavia was held in the parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina with a significant Serb population on 10 November 1991.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 1991 Bosnian Serb referendum

1991 Croatian independence referendum

Croatia held an independence referendum on 19 May 1991, following the Croatian parliamentary elections of 1990 and the rise of ethnic tensions that led to the breakup of Yugoslavia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 1991 Croatian independence referendum

1991 Macedonian independence referendum

An independence referendum was held in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia on 8 September 1991, which afterwards proclaimed independence from Yugoslavia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 1991 Macedonian independence referendum

1991 protests in Belgrade

The 1991 protests in Belgrade happened on the streets of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia and Yugoslavia when a protest rally turned into a riot featuring vicious clashes between the protesters and police.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 1991 protests in Belgrade

1992 Bosnian independence referendum

An independence referendum was held in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 29 February and 1 March 1992, following the first free elections of 1990 and the rise of ethnic tensions that eventually led to the breakup of Yugoslavia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 1992 Bosnian independence referendum

1992 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

The 1992 Yugoslav Constitution was the constitution of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 1992 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

2001 insurgency in Macedonia

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See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 2001 insurgency in Macedonia

2006 Montenegrin independence referendum

An independence referendum was held in Montenegro on 21 May 2006.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum

8th Session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia

The Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia (SKS) held its 8th Session in Belgrade on 23–24 September 1987.

See Breakup of Yugoslavia and 8th Session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia

Also known as Break-up of Yugoslavia, Break-up of the former Yugoslavia, Breakup of SFR Yugoslavia, Causes of the breakup of Yugoslavia, Collapse of Yugoslavia, Disassociation of Yugoslavia, Disintegration of Yugoslavia, Dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia, Dissolution of Yugoslavia, Dissolution of the SFR Yugoslavia, Liquidation of Yugoslavia, Odcepitev Slovenije, Odcepitev Slovenije od Jugoslavije, Secession of Slovenia, Secession of Slovenia from Yugoslavia, Slovenia's secession, Slovenia's secession from Yugoslavia, Slovenian secession, Slovenian secession from Yugoslavia, The breakdown of Yugoslavia, The breakup of Yugoslavia, The disintegration of Yugoslavia, The dissolution of Yugoslavia, Yugoslav breakup, Yugoslav crisis.

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