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Prehistoric Ireland, the Glossary

The prehistory of Ireland has been pieced together from archaeological evidence, which has grown at an increasing rate over the last decades.^[1]

218 relations: Adze, Alexandria, Alice and Gwendoline Cave, Alloy, Amulet, An Post, Anglo-Irish Treaty, Anno Domini, Archaeology, Arrow, Aurochs, Bann flake, Barley, Barry Raftery, Bølling–Allerød Interstadial, Belfast Natural History Society, Bell Beaker culture, Berry, Black Pig's Dyke, Bog, Bog body, Book of Kells, Boora Bog, Boreal (age), Brú na Bóinne, Brigantes, British Isles, British Museum, Brittonic languages, Broighter Gold, Bronze Age, Bronze Age Europe, Bulla (amulet), Burial, Cambridge, Cardium pottery, Carlingford Lough, Cashel Man, Castlederg, Céide Fields, Celtic art, Celtic languages, Celts, Chalcolithic, Chape, Chisel, Christianity, Cirencester, Cliadh Dubh, Clones, County Monaghan, ... Expand index (168 more) »
Archaeology of Ireland
History of Ireland by period
Prehistoric Europe

Adze

An adze or adz is an ancient and versatile cutting tool similar to an axe but with the cutting edge perpendicular to the handle rather than parallel.

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Alexandria

Alexandria (الإسكندرية; Ἀλεξάνδρεια, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ - Rakoti or ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ) is the second largest city in Egypt and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast.

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Alice and Gwendoline Cave

The Alice and Gwendoline Cave is a limestone cave in County Clare, Ireland.

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An alloy is a mixture of chemical elements of which in most cases at least one is a metallic element, although it is also sometimes used for mixtures of elements; herein only metallic alloys are described.

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Amulet

An amulet, also known as a good luck charm or phylactery, is an object believed to confer protection upon its possessor.

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An Post

An Post (literally 'The Post') is the state-owned provider of postal services in Ireland.

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Anglo-Irish Treaty

The 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty (An Conradh Angla-Éireannach), commonly known in Ireland as The Treaty and officially the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty Between Great Britain and Ireland, was an agreement between the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and representatives of the Irish Republic that concluded the Irish War of Independence.

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Anno Domini

The terms anno Domini. (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used when designating years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars.

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Archaeology

Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

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Arrow

An arrow is a fin-stabilized projectile launched by a bow.

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Aurochs

The aurochs (Bos primigenius) is an extinct cattle species, considered to be the wild ancestor of modern domestic cattle.

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Bann flake

A Bann flake is a large, butt-trimmed, leaf-shaped lithic blade of flint or chert, dating from the Late Mesolithic period of prehistoric Ireland, from around 4500 BC onwards.

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Barley

Barley (Hordeum vulgare), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally.

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Barry Raftery

Barry Raftery (16 August 1944 – 22 August 2010) was an Irish archaeologist and academic.

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Bølling–Allerød Interstadial

The Bølling–Allerød Interstadial, also called the Late Glacial Interstadial (LGI), was an interstadial period which occurred from 14,690 to c. 12,890 years Before Present, during the final stages of the Last Glacial Period.

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Belfast Natural History Society

The Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society was founded in 1821 to promote the scientific study of animals, plants, fossils, rocks and minerals.

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Bell Beaker culture

The Bell Beaker culture, also known as the Bell Beaker complex or Bell Beaker phenomenon, is an archaeological culture named after the inverted-bell beaker drinking vessel used at the very beginning of the European Bronze Age, arising from around 2800 BC.

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Berry

A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit.

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Black Pig's Dyke

The Black Pig's Dyke (Claí na Muice Duibhe) or Worm's Ditch (Claí na Péiste) is a series of discontinuous linear earthworks in southwest Ulster and northeast Connacht, Ireland.

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Bog

A bog or bogland is a wetland that accumulates peat as a deposit of dead plant materials often mosses, typically sphagnum moss.

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Bog body

A bog body is a human cadaver that has been naturally mummified in a peat bog.

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Book of Kells

The Book of Kells (Codex Cenannensis; Leabhar Cheanannais; Dublin, Trinity College Library, MS A. I., sometimes known as the Book of Columba) is an illuminated manuscript and Celtic Gospel book in Latin, containing the four Gospels of the New Testament together with various prefatory texts and tables.

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Boora Bog

Boora Bog (Irish Portach na Buaraí) is a cutaway peat bog situated in County Offaly, Ireland.

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Boreal (age)

In paleoclimatology of the Holocene, the Boreal was the first of the Blytt–Sernander sequence of north European climatic phases that were originally based on the study of Danish peat bogs, named for Axel Blytt and Rutger Sernander, who first established the sequence.

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Brú na Bóinne

Brú na Bóinne ("mansion or palace of the Boyne"), also called the Boyne Valley tombs, is an ancient monument complex and ritual landscape in County Meath, Ireland, located in a bend of the River Boyne.

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Brigantes

The Brigantes were Ancient Britons who in pre-Roman times controlled the largest section of what would become Northern England.

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British Isles

The British Isles are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner and Outer Hebrides, the Northern Isles (Orkney and Shetland), and over six thousand smaller islands.

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British Museum

The British Museum is a public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London.

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Brittonic languages

The Brittonic languages (also Brythonic or British Celtic; ieithoedd Brythonaidd/Prydeinig; yethow brythonek/predennek; and yezhoù predenek) form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic language family; the other is Goidelic.

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Broighter Gold

The Broighter Gold or more correctly, the Broighter Hoard, is a hoard of gold artefacts from the Iron Age of the 1st century BC that were found in 1896 by Tom Nicholl and James Morrow on farmland near Limavady, Ireland.

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Bronze Age

The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.

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Bronze Age Europe

The European Bronze Age is characterized by bronze artifacts and the use of bronze implements.

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Bulla (amulet)

A bulla, an amulet worn like a locket, was given to male children in Ancient Rome nine days after birth.

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Burial

Burial, also known as interment or inhumation, is a method of final disposition whereby a dead body is placed into the ground, sometimes with objects.

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Cambridge

Cambridge is a city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire, England.

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Cardium pottery

Cardium pottery or Cardial ware is a Neolithic decorative style that gets its name from the imprinting of the clay with the heart-shaped shell of the Corculum cardissa, a member of the cockle family Cardiidae.

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Carlingford Lough

Carlingford Lough (Ulster Scots: Carlinford Loch) is a glacial fjord or sea inlet in northeastern Ireland, forming part of the border between Northern Ireland to the north and the Republic of Ireland to the south.

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Cashel Man

Cashel Man is a bog body from a bog near Cashel in County Laois, Ireland.

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Castlederg

Castlederg (earlier Caslanadergy) is a town in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland.

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Céide Fields

The Céide Fields is an archaeological site on the north County Mayo coast in the west of Ireland, about northwest of Ballycastle.

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Celtic art

Celtic art is associated with the peoples known as Celts; those who spoke the Celtic languages in Europe from pre-history through to the modern period, as well as the art of ancient peoples whose language is uncertain, but have cultural and stylistic similarities with speakers of Celtic languages.

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Celtic languages

The Celtic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family, descended from Proto-Celtic.

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Celts

The Celts (see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples were a collection of Indo-European peoples.

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Chalcolithic

The Chalcolithic (also called the Copper Age and Eneolithic) was an archaeological period characterized by the increasing use of smelted copper.

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Chape

Chape has had various meanings in English, but the predominant one is a protective fitting at the bottom of a scabbard or sheath for a sword or dagger (10 in the diagram).

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Chisel

A chisel is a wedged hand tool with a characteristically shaped cutting edge on the end of its blade, for carving or cutting a hard material (e.g. wood, stone, or metal).

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Christianity

Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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Cirencester

Cirencester (see below for more variations) is a market town in Gloucestershire, England, west of London.

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Cliadh Dubh

Claidh Dubh, an Iron Age linear earthwork located in south-west Ireland.

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Clones, County Monaghan

Clones (meaning 'meadow of Eois') is a small town in the west of County Monaghan in Ireland.

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Clonycavan Man

Clonycavan Man is the name given to a well-preserved Iron Age bog body found in Clonycavan, Ballivor, County Meath, Ireland in March 2003.

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Coleraine

Coleraine (from Cúil Raithin, 'nook of the ferns'Flanaghan, Deirdre & Laurence; Irish Place Names, page 194. Gill & Macmillan, 2002.) is a town and civil parish near the mouth of the River Bann in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland.

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Common Brittonic

Common Brittonic (Brythoneg; Brythonek; Predeneg), also known as British, Common Brythonic, or Proto-Brittonic, is an extinct Celtic language spoken in Britain and Brittany.

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Common periwinkle

The common periwinkle or winkle (Littorina littorea) is a species of small edible whelk or sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc that has gills and an operculum, and is classified within the family Littorinidae, the periwinkles.

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Continental Europe

Continental Europe or mainland Europe is the contiguous mainland of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands.

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Corduroy road

A corduroy road or log road is a type of road or timber trackway made by placing logs, perpendicular to the direction of the road over a low or swampy area.

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Coriondi

The Coriondi (Κοριονδοί) were a people of early Ireland, referred to in Ptolemy's 2nd century Geography as living in southern Leinster.

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Corionototae

The Corionototae were a group of Ancient Britons apparently inhabiting what is now Northern England about whom very little is known.

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Corlea Trackway

The Corlea Trackway is an Iron Age trackway, or togher, near the village of Keenagh, south of Longford, County Longford, in Ireland.

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Cornwall

Cornwall (Kernow;; or) is a ceremonial county in South West England.

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County Antrim

County Antrim (named after the town of Antrim) is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, located within the historic province of Ulster.

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County Carlow

County Carlow (Contae Cheatharlach) is a county located in the Southern Region of Ireland, within the province of Leinster.

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County Clare

County Clare (Contae an Chláir) is a county in the province of Munster in the Southern part of the republic of Ireland, bordered on the west by the Atlantic Ocean.

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County Cork

County Cork (Contae Chorcaí) is the largest and the southernmost county of Ireland, named after the city of Cork, the state's second-largest city. It is in the province of Munster and the Southern Region. Its largest market towns are Mallow, Macroom, Midleton, and Skibbereen., the county had a population of 584,156, making it the third-most populous county in Ireland.

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County Donegal

County Donegal (Contae Dhún na nGall) is a county of Ireland in the province of Ulster and in the Northern and Western Region.

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County Dublin

County Dublin (Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath or Contae Átha Cliath) is a county in Ireland, and holds its capital city, Dublin.

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County Fermanagh

County Fermanagh is one of the thirty-two counties of Ireland, one of the nine counties of Ulster and one of six counties of Northern Ireland.

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County Kerry

County Kerry (Contae Chiarraí) is a county on the southwest coast of Ireland, within the province of Munster and the Southern Region.

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County Londonderry

County Londonderry (Ulster-Scots: Coontie Lunnonderrie), also known as County Derry (Contae Dhoire), is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the thirty-two counties of Ireland and one of the nine counties of Ulster.

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County Louth

County Louth (Contae Lú) is a coastal county in the Eastern and Midland Region of Ireland, within the province of Leinster.

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County Mayo

County Mayo is a county in Ireland.

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County Meath

County Meath (Contae na Mí or simply an Mhí) is a county in the Eastern and Midland Region of Ireland, within the province of Leinster.

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County Monaghan

County Monaghan (Contae Mhuineacháin) is a county in Ireland.

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County Offaly

County Offaly (Contae Uíbh Fhailí) is a county in Ireland.

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County Sligo

County Sligo (Contae Shligigh) is a county in Ireland.

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County Wicklow

County Wicklow (Contae Chill Mhantáin) is a county in Ireland.

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Court cairn

The court cairn or court tomb is a megalithic type of chambered cairn or gallery grave. Prehistoric Ireland and court cairn are archaeology of Ireland.

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Crannog

A crannog (crannóg; crannag) is typically a partially or entirely artificial island, usually built in lakes and estuarine waters of Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. Prehistoric Ireland and crannog are archaeology of Ireland.

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Creevykeel Court Tomb

Creevykeel Court Tomb (Tuama Cúirte na Craobhaí Caoile) is one of the finest examples of a court tomb remaining in Ireland.

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Cup and ring mark

Cup and ring marks or cup marks are a form of prehistoric art found in the Atlantic seaboard of Europe (Ireland, Wales, Northern England, Scotland, France (Brittany), Portugal, and Spain (Galicia) – and in Mediterranean Europe – Italy (in Alpine valleys and Sardinia), Azerbaijan and Greece (Thessaly and Irakleia (Cyclades)), as well as in Scandinavia (Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland) and in Switzerland (at Caschenna in Grisons).

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Dáibhí Ó Cróinín

Dáibhí Iarla Ó Cróinín (born 29 August 1954) is an Irish historian and authority on Hiberno-Latin texts, noted for his significant mid-1980s discovery in a manuscript in Padua of the "lost" Irish 84-year Easter table.

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Deer

A deer (deer) or true deer is a hoofed ruminant ungulate of the family Cervidae (informally the deer family).

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Dingle Peninsula

The Dingle Peninsula (Corca Dhuibhne; anglicised as Corkaguiny or Corcaguiny, the name of the corresponding barony) is the northernmost of the major peninsulas in County Kerry.

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Dolmen

A dolmen or portal tomb is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of two or more upright megaliths supporting a large flat horizontal capstone or "table".

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Doneraile

Doneraile, historically Dunnerail, is a town in County Cork, Ireland.

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Donnchadh Ó Corráin

Donnchadh Ó Corráin (28 February 1942 – 25 October 2017) was an Irish historian and Professor Emeritus of Medieval History at University College Cork.

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Dowris Hoard

The Dowris Hoard is the name of an important Bronze Age hoard of over 200 objects found in Dowris, County Offaly, Ireland.

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Drogheda

Drogheda (meaning "bridge at the ford") is an industrial and port town in County Louth on the east coast of Ireland, north of Dublin city centre.

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Drumanagh

Drumanagh (Droim Meánach) is a headland near the village of Loughshinny, in the north east of Dublin, Ireland.

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Dunaverney flesh-hook

The Dunaverney Flesh-Hook is a sophisticated bronze artefact from Prehistoric Ireland, thought to be an item of ceremonial feasting gear, and a symbol of authority.

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Early Irish literature

Early Irish literature, is commonly dated from the 8th or 9th to the 15th century, a period during which modern literature in Irish began to emerge.

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Erris

Erris is a barony in northwestern County Mayo in Ireland consisting of over, much of which is mountainous blanket bog.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Fore, County Westmeath

Fore is a village, next to the old Benedictine Abbey ruin of Fore Abbey, situated to the north of Lough Lene in County Westmeath, in Ireland.

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Funerary art

Funerary art is any work of art forming, or placed in, a repository for the remains of the dead.

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Gallery grave

A gallery grave is a form of megalithic tomb built primarily during the Neolithic Age in Europe in which the main gallery of the tomb is entered without first passing through an antechamber or hallway.

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Gallo-Roman culture

Gallo-Roman culture was a consequence of the Romanization of Gauls under the rule of the Roman Empire.

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Gaul

Gaul (Gallia) was a region of Western Europe first clearly described by the Romans, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and parts of Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany, and Northern Italy.

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Glacier

A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving downhill under its own weight.

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Glacier terminus

A glacier terminus, toe, or snout, is the end of a glacier at any given point in time.

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Goidelic languages

The Goidelic or Gaelic languages (teangacha Gaelacha; cànanan Goidhealach; çhengaghyn Gaelgagh) form one of the two groups of Insular Celtic languages, the other being the Brittonic languages.

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Gold lunula

A gold lunula (pl. gold lunulae) was a distinctive type of late Neolithic, Chalcolithic, andmost oftenearly Bronze Age necklace, collar, or pectoral shaped like a crescent moon.

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Gold working in the Bronze Age British Isles

Gold working in the Bronze Age British Isles refers to the use of gold to produce ornaments and other prestige items in the British Isles during the Bronze Age, between and in Britain, and up to about 550 BCE in Ireland.

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Grave goods

Grave goods, in archaeology and anthropology, are items buried along with a body.

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Great Britain

Great Britain (commonly shortened to Britain) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-west coast of continental Europe, consisting of the countries England, Scotland and Wales.

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Hallstatt culture

The Hallstatt culture was the predominant Western and Central European archaeological culture of the Late Bronze Age (Hallstatt A, Hallstatt B) from the 12th to 8th centuries BC and Early Iron Age Europe (Hallstatt C, Hallstatt D) from the 8th to 6th centuries BC, developing out of the Urnfield culture of the 12th century BC (Late Bronze Age) and followed in much of its area by the La Tène culture.

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Harpoon

A harpoon is a long spear-like projectile used in fishing, whaling, sealing, and other hunting to shoot, kill, and capture large fish or marine mammals such as seals, sea cows and whales.

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Hazelnut

The hazelnut is the fruit of the hazel tree and therefore includes any of the nuts deriving from species of the genus Corylus, especially the nuts of the species Corylus avellana.

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Hearth

A hearth is the place in a home where a fire is or was traditionally kept for home heating and for cooking, usually constituted by at least a horizontal hearthstone and often enclosed to varying degrees by any combination of reredos (a low, partial wall behind a hearth), fireplace, oven, smoke hood, or chimney.

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Hiberno-Roman relations

Hiberno-Roman relations refers to the relationships (mainly commercial and cultural) which existed between Ireland (Hibernia) and the ancient Roman Empire, which lasted from the 1st century BC to the 5th century AD in Western Europe.

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Hill of Tara

The Hill of Tara (Teamhair or Cnoc na Teamhrach) is a hill and ancient ceremonial and burial site near Skryne in County Meath, Ireland.

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HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2

HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2 haplotype (Also: AH8.1, COX, Super B8, ancestral MHC 8.1 or 8.1 ancestral haplotype) is a multigene haplotype that covers a majority of the human major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6 (not to be confused with the HLA-DQ heterodimer DQ8.1).

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Holocene

The Holocene is the current geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago.

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Hunt Museum

The Hunt Museum (Iarsmalann Hunt) is a museum in the city of Limerick, Ireland.

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Hunter-gatherer

A hunter-gatherer or forager is a human living in a community, or according to an ancestrally derived lifestyle, in which most or all food is obtained by foraging, that is, by gathering food from local naturally occurring sources, especially wild edible plants but also insects, fungi, honey, bird eggs, or anything safe to eat, and/or by hunting game (pursuing and/or trapping and killing wild animals, including catching fish).

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Iberian Peninsula

The Iberian Peninsula (IPA), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe, defining the westernmost edge of Eurasia.

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Ice sheet

In glaciology, an ice sheet, also known as a continental glacier, is a mass of glacial ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than.

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Indo-European languages

The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent.

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Insular art

Insular art, also known as Hiberno-Saxon art, was produced in the post-Roman era of Great Britain and Ireland.

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Insular Celtic languages

Insular Celtic languages are the group of Celtic languages spoken in Brittany, Great Britain, Ireland, and the Isle of Man.

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Ireland

Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in north-western Europe.

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Irish Sea

The Irish Sea is a body of water that separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain.

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Iron Age

The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.

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Iron Age Europe

In Europe, the Iron Age is the last stage of the prehistoric period and the first of the protohistoric periods,The Junior Encyclopædia Britannica: A reference library of general knowledge. Prehistoric Ireland and Iron Age Europe are prehistoric Europe.

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Iveragh Peninsula

The Iveragh Peninsula is located in County Kerry in Ireland.

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Jadeite

Jadeite is a pyroxene mineral with composition NaAlSi2O6.

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Keshcarrigan Bowl

The Keshcarrigan Bowl is an Iron Age bronze bowl discovered to the north of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, Ireland, in the 19th century.

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Kilcommon (County Mayo civil parish)

Kilcommon (Cill Chomáin) is a civil parish in Erris, north County Mayo, consisting of two large peninsulas; Dún Chaocháin and Dún Chiortáin.

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Knowth

Knowth (Cnóbha) is a prehistoric monument overlooking the River Boyne in County Meath, Ireland.

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La Hoguette

La Hoguette is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

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Labbacallee wedge tomb

Labbacallee wedge tomb is a large pre-historic burial monument, located north-west of Fermoy and south-east of Glanworth, County Cork, Ireland.

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Lackan

Lackan is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland.

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Lake District

The Lake District, also known as the Lakes or Lakeland, is a mountainous region and national park in Cumbria, North West England.

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Lakes of Killarney

The Lakes of Killarney are a scenic attraction located in Killarney National Park near Killarney, County Kerry, in Ireland.

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Land bridge

In biogeography, a land bridge is an isthmus or wider land connection between otherwise separate areas, over which animals and plants are able to cross and colonize new lands.

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Langdale axe industry

The Langdale axe industry (or factory) is the name given by archaeologists to a Neolithic centre of specialised stone tool production in the Great Langdale area of the English Lake District.

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Last Glacial Maximum

The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), also referred to as the Last Glacial Coldest Period, was the most recent time during the Last Glacial Period where ice sheets were at their greatest extent 26,000 and 20,000 years ago.

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Last Glacial Period

The Last Glacial Period (LGP), also known as the Last glacial cycle, occurred from the end of the Last Interglacial to the beginning of the Holocene, years ago, and thus corresponds to most of the timespan of the Late Pleistocene.

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Leinster

Leinster (Laighin or Cúige Laighean) is one of the four provinces of Ireland, in the southeast of Ireland.

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Limerick

Limerick (Luimneach) is a city in western Ireland, in County Limerick.

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Linear Pottery culture

The Linear Pottery culture (LBK) is a major archaeological horizon of the European Neolithic period, flourishing.

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List of megalithic monuments in Ireland

This is a list of megalithic monument on the island of Ireland.

See Prehistoric Ireland and List of megalithic monuments in Ireland

Lithic core

In archaeology, a lithic core is a distinctive artifact that results from the practice of lithic reduction.

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Lost-wax casting

Lost-wax castingalso called investment casting, precision casting, or cire perdue (borrowed from French)is the process by which a duplicate sculpture (often a metal, such as silver, gold, brass, or bronze) is cast from an original sculpture.

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Manapii

The Manapii (Μανάπιοι) are an ancient tribe from southeastern Ireland mentioned by Greek geographer Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD.

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Megalith

A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Megalith

Menapii

The Menapii were a Belgic tribe dwelling near the North Sea, around present-day Cassel, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Menapii

Mesolithic

The Mesolithic (Greek: μέσος, mesos 'middle' + λίθος, lithos 'stone') or Middle Stone Age is the Old World archaeological period between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic.

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Microlith

A microlith is a small stone tool usually made of flint or chert and typically a centimetre or so in length and half a centimetre wide.

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Mount Sandel Mesolithic site

The Mount Sandel Mesolithic site is in Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, just to the east of the Iron Age Mount Sandel Fort.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Mount Sandel Mesolithic site

National Museum of Ireland

The National Museum of Ireland (Ard-Mhúsaem na hÉireann) is Ireland's leading museum institution, with a strong emphasis on national and some international archaeology, Irish history, Irish art, culture, and natural history.

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National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology

The National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology (Ard-Mhúsaem na hÉireann – Seandálaíocht, often known as the "NMI") is a branch of the National Museum of Ireland located on Kildare Street in Dublin, Ireland, that specialises in Irish and other antiquities dating from the Stone Age to the Late Middle Ages.

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Navan Fort

Navan Fort (Emain Macha; Modern Irish) is an ancient ceremonial monument near Armagh, Northern Ireland.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Navan Fort

Near East

The Near East is a transcontinental region around the East Mediterranean encompassing parts of West Asia, the Balkans, and North Africa, specifically the historical Fertile Crescent, the Levant, Anatolia, East Thrace, and Egypt.

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Neolithic

The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος 'new' and λίθος 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia and Africa.

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Neolithic Europe

The European Neolithic is the period from the arrival of Neolithic (New Stone Age) technology and the associated population of Early European Farmers in Europe, (the approximate time of the first farming societies in Greece) until –1700 BC (the beginning of Bronze Age Europe with the Nordic Bronze Age). Prehistoric Ireland and Neolithic Europe are prehistoric Europe.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Neolithic Europe

Newgrange

Newgrange (Sí an Bhrú) is a prehistoric monument in County Meath in Ireland, located on a rise overlooking the River Boyne, west of the town of Drogheda.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Newgrange

Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann; Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland that is variously described as a country, province or region.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Northern Ireland

Nut (fruit)

A nut is a fruit consisting of a hard or tough nutshell protecting a kernel which is usually edible.

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Ogham

Ogham (Modern Irish:; ogum, ogom, later ogam) is an Early Medieval alphabet used primarily to write the early Irish language (in the "orthodox" inscriptions, 4th to 6th centuries AD), and later the Old Irish language (scholastic ogham, 6th to 9th centuries).

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Old Croghan Man

Old Croghan Man (Seanfhear Chruacháin in Irish) is a well-preserved Irish Iron Age bog body found in June 2003.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Old Croghan Man

Paleolithic

The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic, also called the Old Stone Age, is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost the entire period of human prehistoric technology.

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Palynology

Palynology is the study of microorganisms and microscopic fragments of mega-organisms that are composed of acid-resistant organic material and occur in sediments, sedimentary rocks, and even some metasedimentary rocks.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Palynology

Passage grave

A passage grave or passage tomb consists of one or more burial chambers covered in earth or stone and having a narrow access passage made of large stones.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Passage grave

Peat

Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Peat

Phoenix Park

The Phoenix Park (Páirc an Fhionnuisce) is a large urban park in Dublin, Ireland, lying west of the city centre, north of the River Liffey.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Phoenix Park

Porcellanite

Porcellanite or porcelanite, is a hard, dense rock somewhat similar in appearance to unglazed porcelain.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Porcellanite

Poulnabrone dolmen

Poulnabrone dolmen (lit) is a large dolmen (or cromlech, a type of single-chamber portal tomb) located in the Burren, County Clare, Ireland.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Poulnabrone dolmen

Prehistory

Prehistory, also called pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Prehistory

Primitive Irish

Primitive Irish or Archaic Irish (Gaeilge Ársa, Gaeilge Chianach), also called Proto-Goidelic, is the oldest known form of the Goidelic languages, and the ancestor of all languages within this family.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Primitive Irish

A promontory fort is a defensive structure located above a steep cliff, often only connected to the mainland by a small neck of land, thus using the topography to reduce the ramparts needed. Prehistoric Ireland and promontory fort are archaeology of Ireland.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Promontory fort

Proto-Celtic language

Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, is the hypothetical ancestral proto-language of all known Celtic languages, and a descendant of Proto-Indo-European.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Proto-Celtic language

Protohistory of Ireland

The prehistory of Ireland included a protohistorical period, when the literate cultures of Greece and Rome began to take notice of it, and a further proto-literate period of ogham epigraphy, before the early historical period began in the 5th century.

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Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemy (Πτολεμαῖος,; Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was an Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine, Islamic, and Western European science.

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Radiocarbon dating

Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Radiocarbon dating

Rathlin Island

Rathlin Island (Reachlainn,; Local Irish dialect: Reachraidh,; Scots: Racherie) is an island and civil parish off the coast of County Antrim (of which it is part) in Northern Ireland.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Rathlin Island

Recorded history

Recorded history or written history describes the historical events that have been recorded in a written form or other documented communication which are subsequently evaluated by historians using the historical method.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Recorded history

Red deer

The red deer (Cervus elaphus) is one of the largest deer species.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Red deer

Refugium (population biology)

In biology, a refugium (plural: refugia) is a location which supports an isolated or relict population of a once more widespread species.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Refugium (population biology)

Reindeer

The reindeer or caribou (Rangifer tarandus) is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of Northern Europe, Siberia, and North America.

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Ringfort

Ringforts or ring forts are small circular fortified settlements built during the Bronze Age, Iron Age and early Middle Ages up to about the year 1000 AD. Prehistoric Ireland and Ringfort are archaeology of Ireland.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Ringfort

River Inny (Leinster)

The River Inny (Irish: An Eithne) is a river within the Shannon River Basin in Ireland.

See Prehistoric Ireland and River Inny (Leinster)

River Shannon

The River Shannon (Abhainn na Sionainne, an tSionainn, an tSionna) is the major river on the island of Ireland, and at in length, is the longest river in the British and Irish Isles.

See Prehistoric Ireland and River Shannon

Roman Britain

Roman Britain was the territory that became the Roman province of Britannia after the Roman conquest of Britain, consisting of a large part of the island of Great Britain.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Roman Britain

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Roman Empire

Romano-British culture

The Romano-British culture arose in Britain under the Roman Empire following the Roman conquest in AD 43 and the creation of the province of Britannia.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Romano-British culture

Ross Island, Killarney

Ross Island is a claw-shaped peninsula in Killarney National Park, County Kerry.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Ross Island, Killarney

Royal Dublin Society

The Royal Dublin Society (RDS) (url-status) is an Irish philanthropic organisation and members club which was founded as the 'Dublin Society' on 25 June 1731 with the aim to see Ireland thrive culturally and economically.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Royal Dublin Society

Royal Irish Academy

The Royal Irish Academy (RIA; Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann), based in Dublin, is an academic body that promotes study in the sciences, humanities and social sciences.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Royal Irish Academy

Scabbard

A scabbard is a sheath for holding a sword, dagger, knife, or similar edged weapons.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Scabbard

Scandinavia

Scandinavia is a subregion of Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Scandinavia

Shellfish

Shellfish is a colloquial and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Shellfish

Skin

Skin is the layer of usually soft, flexible outer tissue covering the body of a vertebrate animal, with three main functions: protection, regulation, and sensation.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Skin

Southern France

Southern France, also known as the south of France or colloquially in French as le Midi, is a defined geographical area consisting of the regions of France that border the Atlantic Ocean south of the Marais Poitevin,Louis Papy, Le midi atlantique, Atlas et géographie de la France moderne, Flammarion, Paris, 1984.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Southern France

Spear

A spear is a polearm consisting of a shaft, usually of wood, with a pointed head.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Spear

Stone tools have been used throughout human history but are most closely associated with prehistoric cultures and in particular those of the Stone Age.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Stone tool

Stoneyisland Man

Stoneyisland Man is the name given to a bog body discovered in the Stoneyisland Bog, Gortanumera, County Galway, Ireland on 13 May 1929.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Stoneyisland Man

Sweden

Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Sweden

Testicle

A testicle or testis (testes) is the male gonad in all bilaterians, including humans.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Testicle

The Burren

The Burren is a karst/glaciokarst landscape centred in County Clare, on the west coast of Ireland.

See Prehistoric Ireland and The Burren

The Horse, the Wheel, and Language

The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World is a 2007 book by the anthropologist David W. Anthony, in which the author describes his "revised Kurgan theory." He explores the origins and spread of the Indo-European languages from the Pontic–Caspian steppe throughout Western Europe, Central Asia, and South Asia.

See Prehistoric Ireland and The Horse, the Wheel, and Language

The Irish Times

The Irish Times is an Irish daily broadsheet newspaper and online digital publication.

See Prehistoric Ireland and The Irish Times

The Rosses

The Rosses (officially known by its Irish language name, Na Rosa; in the genitive case Na Rosann) is a traditional 'district' in the west of County Donegal in Ulster, the northern province in Ireland.

See Prehistoric Ireland and The Rosses

Thomas Charles-Edwards

Thomas Mowbray Charles-Edwards (born 11 November 1943) is an emeritus academic at the University of Oxford.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Thomas Charles-Edwards

Tievebulliagh

Tievebulliagh is a mountain in the Glens of Antrim, Northern Ireland.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Tievebulliagh

Tin

Tin is a chemical element; it has symbol Sn and atomic number 50.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Tin

Torc

A torc, also spelled torq or torque, is a large rigid or stiff neck ring in metal, made either as a single piece or from strands twisted together.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Torc

Triticeae

Triticeae is a botanical tribe within the subfamily Pooideae of grasses that includes genera with many domesticated species.

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Tumulus

A tumulus (tumuli) is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Tumulus

Tundra

In physical geography, tundra is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Tundra

Ulster

Ulster (Ulaidh or Cúige Uladh; Ulstèr or Ulster) is one of the four traditional or historic Irish provinces.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Ulster

Ulster Museum

The Ulster Museum, located in the Botanic Gardens in Belfast, has around 8,000 square metres (90,000 sq. ft.) of public display space, featuring material from the collections of fine art and applied art, archaeology, ethnography, treasures from the Spanish Armada, local history, numismatics, industrial archaeology, botany, zoology and geology.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Ulster Museum

Wicker

Wicker is a method of weaving used to make products such as furniture and baskets, as well as a descriptor to classify such products.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Wicker

Wild boar

The wild boar (Sus scrofa), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Wild boar

Winter solstice

The winter solstice, also called the hibernal solstice, occurs when either of Earth's poles reaches its maximum tilt away from the Sun.

See Prehistoric Ireland and Winter solstice

World Heritage Site

World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection by an international convention administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance.

See Prehistoric Ireland and World Heritage Site

Younger Dryas

The Younger Dryas (YD) was a period in Earth's geologic history that occurred circa 12,900 to 11,700 years Before Present (BP).

See Prehistoric Ireland and Younger Dryas

7th millennium BC

The 7th millennium BC spanned the years 7000 BC to 6001 BC (c. 9 ka to c. 8 ka).

See Prehistoric Ireland and 7th millennium BC

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistoric_Ireland

Also known as Ancient Ireland, Archaeology of Ireland, Bronze Age Ireland, Bronze Age in Ireland, Irish Bronze Age, Irish Dark Age, Irish Iron Age, Irish prehistory, Iron Age Ireland, Neolithic Ireland, Peopling of Ireland, Prehistoric the Republic of Ireland, Prehistory of Ireland, Prehistory of the Republic of Ireland.

, Clonycavan Man, Coleraine, Common Brittonic, Common periwinkle, Continental Europe, Corduroy road, Coriondi, Corionototae, Corlea Trackway, Cornwall, County Antrim, County Carlow, County Clare, County Cork, County Donegal, County Dublin, County Fermanagh, County Kerry, County Londonderry, County Louth, County Mayo, County Meath, County Monaghan, County Offaly, County Sligo, County Wicklow, Court cairn, Crannog, Creevykeel Court Tomb, Cup and ring mark, Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, Deer, Dingle Peninsula, Dolmen, Doneraile, Donnchadh Ó Corráin, Dowris Hoard, Drogheda, Drumanagh, Dunaverney flesh-hook, Early Irish literature, Erris, Europe, Fore, County Westmeath, Funerary art, Gallery grave, Gallo-Roman culture, Gaul, Glacier, Glacier terminus, Goidelic languages, Gold lunula, Gold working in the Bronze Age British Isles, Grave goods, Great Britain, Hallstatt culture, Harpoon, Hazelnut, Hearth, Hiberno-Roman relations, Hill of Tara, HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2, Holocene, Hunt Museum, Hunter-gatherer, Iberian Peninsula, Ice sheet, Indo-European languages, Insular art, Insular Celtic languages, Ireland, Irish Sea, Iron Age, Iron Age Europe, Iveragh Peninsula, Jadeite, Keshcarrigan Bowl, Kilcommon (County Mayo civil parish), Knowth, La Hoguette, Labbacallee wedge tomb, Lackan, Lake District, Lakes of Killarney, Land bridge, Langdale axe industry, Last Glacial Maximum, Last Glacial Period, Leinster, Limerick, Linear Pottery culture, List of megalithic monuments in Ireland, Lithic core, Lost-wax casting, Manapii, Megalith, Menapii, Mesolithic, Microlith, Mount Sandel Mesolithic site, National Museum of Ireland, National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology, Navan Fort, Near East, Neolithic, Neolithic Europe, Newgrange, Northern Ireland, Nut (fruit), Ogham, Old Croghan Man, Paleolithic, Palynology, Passage grave, Peat, Phoenix Park, Porcellanite, Poulnabrone dolmen, Prehistory, Primitive Irish, Promontory fort, Proto-Celtic language, Protohistory of Ireland, Ptolemy, Radiocarbon dating, Rathlin Island, Recorded history, Red deer, Refugium (population biology), Reindeer, Ringfort, River Inny (Leinster), River Shannon, Roman Britain, Roman Empire, Romano-British culture, Ross Island, Killarney, Royal Dublin Society, Royal Irish Academy, Scabbard, Scandinavia, Shellfish, Skin, Southern France, Spear, Stone tool, Stoneyisland Man, Sweden, Testicle, The Burren, The Horse, the Wheel, and Language, The Irish Times, The Rosses, Thomas Charles-Edwards, Tievebulliagh, Tin, Torc, Triticeae, Tumulus, Tundra, Ulster, Ulster Museum, Wicker, Wild boar, Winter solstice, World Heritage Site, Younger Dryas, 7th millennium BC.

Prehistoric Ireland, the Glossary

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