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Cairo Citadel, the Glossary

The Citadel of Cairo or Citadel of Saladin (Qalaʿat Salāḥ ad-Dīn) is a medieval Islamic-era fortification in Cairo, Egypt, built by Salah ad-Din (Saladin) and further developed by subsequent Egyptian rulers.^[1]

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119 relations: Abdeen Palace, Ablaq, Abusir, Adana, Ahmad ibn Tulun, Al-Adil I, Al-Ashraf Khalil, Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri, Al-Darb al-Ahmar, Al-Gawhara Palace, Al-Kamil, Al-Nasir Hasan, Al-Nasir Muhammad, Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque, Al-Rifa'i Mosque, Al-Salih Ismail, Sultan of Egypt, Albanians, Aleppo, Army of the classical Ottoman Empire, As-Salih Ayyub, Ayyubid dynasty, Azeb, Bab al-Futuh, Baha al-Din Qaraqush, Bahri Mamluks, Baybars, Bent entrance, Blue Mosque, Istanbul, British Army, Bulgarians, Burji Mamluks, Cairo, Cairo Citadel Aqueduct, Carrara marble, Carriage, Castle of Saladin, Pharaoh's Island, Christians, Cistern, Citadel, Concubinage, Corbel, Crusades, Cyprus, Dado (architecture), Damascus, Downtown Cairo, Egypt, Egyptian Armed Forces, Egyptian Army, Egyptian National Military Museum, ... Expand index (69 more) »
1170s establishments in the Ayyubid Sultanate
Ayyubid architecture in Cairo
Buildings and structures completed in 1183
Castles in Egypt
Forts in Egypt
History museums in Egypt
Mamluk architecture in Egypt
Military history of Cairo
Open-air museums in Egypt
Tourist attractions in Cairo

Abdeen Palace

Abdeen District is the home of Abdeen Palace (قصر عابدين), a 19th-century Cairo palace built by Khedive Ismail and served as the Egyptian royal household's primary official residence from 1874 until the July Revolution in 1952. Cairo Citadel and Abdeen Palace are history museums in Egypt and Tourist attractions in Cairo.

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Ablaq

Ablaq (أبلق; particolored; literally 'piebald') is an architectural technique involving alternating or fluctuating rows of light and dark stone.

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Abusir

Abusir (ابو صير; Egyptian pr wsjr; ⲃⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲓ, "the resting place of Osiris"; Βούσιρις) is the name given to an ancient Egyptian archaeological pyramid complex comprising the ruins of 4 kings' pyramids dating to the Old Kingdom period, and is part of the Pyramid Fields of the Memphis and its Necropolis UNESCO World Heritage Site.

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Adana

Adana is a large city in southern Turkey.

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Ahmad ibn Tulun

Ahmad ibn Tulun (translit; c. 20 September 835 – 10 May 884) was the founder of the Tulunid dynasty that ruled Egypt and Syria between 868 and 905.

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Al-Adil I

Al-Adil I (العادل, in full al-Malik al-Adil Sayf ad-Din Abu-Bakr Ahmed ibn Najm ad-Din Ayyub, الملك العادل سيف الدين أبو بكر بن أيوب,&lrm; "Ahmed, son of Najm ad-Din Ayyub, father of Bakr, the Just King, Sword of the Faith"; 1145 – 31 August 1218) was the fourth Sultan of Egypt and Syria, and brother of Saladin, who founded both the Sultanate of Egypt, and the Ayyubid dynasty.

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Al-Ashraf Khalil

Al-Malik Al-Ashraf Salāh ad-Dīn Khalil ibn Qalawūn (الملك الأشرف صلاح الدين خليل بن قلاوون; c. 1260s – 14 December 1293) was the eighth Turkic Bahri Mamluk sultan, succeeding his father Qalawun.

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Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri

Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri (الأشرف قانصوه الغوري) or Qansuh II al-Ghawri (c. 1441/1446 – 24 August 1516) was the second-to-last of the Mamluk Sultans.

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Al-Darb al-Ahmar

Al-Darb al-Ahmar is a centuries old historic neighbourhood in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Historic Cairo, Egypt. Cairo Citadel and al-Darb al-Ahmar are medieval Cairo.

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Al-Gawhara Palace

Al-Gawhara Palace (قصر الجوهرة Qaṣr al-Gawhara), also known as Bijou Palace, is a palace and museum in Cairo, Egypt. Cairo Citadel and al-Gawhara Palace are history museums in Egypt and medieval Cairo.

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Al-Kamil

Al-Kamil (الكامل; full name: al-Malik al-Kamil Naser ad-Din Abu al-Ma'ali Muhammad; – 6 March 1238) was a Kurdish Muslim ruler and the fourth Ayyubid sultan of Egypt.

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Al-Nasir Hasan

Al-Nasir Badr ad-Din Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Qalawun (1334/35–17 March 1361), better known as al-Nasir Hasan, was the Mamluk sultan of Egypt, and the seventh son of al-Nasir Muhammad to hold office, reigning twice in 1347–1351 and 1354–1361.

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Al-Nasir Muhammad

Al-Malik an-Nasir Nasir ad-Din Muhammad ibn Qalawun (الملك الناصر ناصر الدين محمد بن قلاوون), commonly known as an-Nasir Muhammad (الناصر محمد), or by his kunya: Abu al-Ma'ali (أبو المعالي) or as Ibn Qalawun (1285–1341) was the ninth Mamluk sultan of the Bahri dynasty who ruled Egypt between 1293–1294, 1299–1309, and 1310 until his death in 1341.

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Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque

The Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun Mosque is an early 14th-century mosque at the Citadel in Cairo, Egypt. Cairo Citadel and al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque are Mamluk architecture in Egypt and medieval Cairo.

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Al-Rifa'i Mosque

Al-Rifa'i Mosque (مسجد الرفاعي, transliterated also as Al-Rifai, Al-Refai, Al-Refa'i, locally known as El-Refa'i, and in English: the Refaai Mosque) is located in Citadel Square, adjacent to the Cairo Citadel. Cairo Citadel and al-Rifa'i Mosque are medieval Cairo.

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Al-Salih Ismail, Sultan of Egypt

As-Salih Imad ad-Din Abu'l Fida Isma'il, better known as as-Salih Isma'il, (1326 – 4 August 1345) was the Bahri Mamluk sultan of Egypt between June 1342 and August 1345.

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Albanians

The Albanians (Shqiptarët) are an ethnic group native to the Balkan Peninsula who share a common Albanian ancestry, culture, history and language.

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Aleppo

Aleppo (ﺣَﻠَﺐ, ALA-LC) is a city in Syria, which serves as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most populous governorate of Syria.

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Army of the classical Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman army was the military structure established by Mehmed II, during his reorganization of the state and the military.

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As-Salih Ayyub

Al-Malik as-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub (5 November 1205 – 22 November 1249), nickname: Abu al-Futuh (أبو الفتوح), also known as al-Malik al-Salih, was the Ayyubid ruler of Egypt from 1240 to 1249.

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Ayyubid dynasty

The Ayyubid dynasty (الأيوبيون; Eyûbiyan), also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt. Cairo Citadel and Ayyubid dynasty are medieval Cairo.

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Azeb

Azebs, azabs, or azaps (عزب, from Arabic, literally unmarried, meaning bachelor), also known as Asappes or Asappi, were irregular soldiers, originally made up of unmarried youths.

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Bab al-Futuh

Bab al-Futuh (Conquest Gate) is one of three remaining gates in the city wall of the old city of Cairo, Egypt. Cairo Citadel and Bab al-Futuh are buildings and structures in Cairo and medieval Cairo.

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Baha al-Din Qaraqush

Baha al-Din Qaraqush al-Asadi al-Rumi al-Maliki al-Nasiri was a eunuch military commander in the service of Saladin.

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Bahri Mamluks

The Bahri Mamluks (translit), sometimes referred to as the Bahri dynasty, were the rulers of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt from 1250 to 1382, following the Ayyubid dynasty.

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Baybars

Al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari (الملك الظاهر ركن الدين بيبرس البندقداري; 1223/1228 – 1 July 1277), commonly known as Baibars or Baybars and nicknamed Abu al-Futuh (أبو الفتوح), was the fourth Mamluk sultan of Egypt and Syria, of Turkic Kipchak origin, in the Bahri dynasty, succeeding Qutuz.

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Bent entrance

A bent or indirect entrance is a defensive feature in medieval fortification.

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Blue Mosque, Istanbul

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British Army

The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Naval Service and the Royal Air Force.

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Bulgarians

Bulgarians (bŭlgari) are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group native to Bulgaria and its neighbouring region, who share a common Bulgarian ancestry, culture, history and language.

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Burji Mamluks

The Burji Mamluks (translit) or Circassian Mamluks (translit), sometimes referred to as the Burji dynasty, were the rulers of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt from 1382 until 1517.

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Cairo

Cairo (al-Qāhirah) is the capital of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, and is the country's largest city, being home to more than 10 million people.

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Cairo Citadel Aqueduct

The Cairo Citadel Aqueduct or Mamluk Aqueduct is a medieval aqueduct system in Cairo, Egypt. Cairo Citadel and Cairo Citadel Aqueduct are medieval Cairo.

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Carrara marble

Carrara marble, or Luna marble to the Romans, is a type of white or blue-grey marble popular for use in sculpture and building decor.

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Carriage

A carriage is a two- or four-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle for passengers.

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Castle of Saladin, Pharaoh's Island

The Salah El-Din Castle is located on Pharaoh's Island in northwestern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt. Cairo Citadel and Castle of Saladin, Pharaoh's Island are castles in Egypt.

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Christians

A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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Cistern

A cistern is a space excavated in bedrock or soil designed for catching and storing water.

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Citadel

A citadel is the most fortified area of a town or city.

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Concubinage

Concubinage is an interpersonal and sexual relationship between two people in which the couple does not want to, or cannot, enter into a full marriage.

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Corbel

In architecture, a corbel is a structural piece of stone, wood or metal jutting from a wall to carry a superincumbent weight, a type of bracket.

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Crusades

The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.

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Cyprus

Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

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Dado (architecture)

In architecture, the dado is the lower part of a wall, below the dado rail and above the skirting board.

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Damascus

Damascus (Dimašq) is the capital and largest city of Syria, the oldest current capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth holiest city in Islam.

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Downtown Cairo

Downtown Cairo (وسط البلد, "middle of town") is the colloquial name given to the 19th-century western expansion of Egypt's capital Cairo, between the historic medieval Cairo, and the Nile, which became the commercial center of the city during the 20th century.

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Egypt

Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.

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Egyptian Armed Forces

The Egyptian Armed Forces (alquwwat almusalahat almisria, Egyptian (Coptic): ⲠⲐⲱⲟⲩϯ ⲙ̀ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛⲕⲏⲙⲓ) are the military forces of the Arab Republic of Egypt.

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Egyptian Army

The Egyptian Army (Coptic: Ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲗⲁⲥⲱϯ ⲛ̀ⲕⲏⲙⲓ), officially the Egyptian Ground Forces, is the land warfare branch of the Egyptian Armed Forces.

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Egyptian National Military Museum

The Egyptian National Military Museum is the official museum of the Egyptian Army. Cairo Citadel and Egyptian National Military Museum are history museums in Egypt and medieval Cairo.

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Emir

Emir (أمير, also transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a long history of use in the Arab World, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent.

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Erzincan

Erzincan (script), historically Yerznka (Երզնկա), is the capital of Erzincan Province in eastern Turkey.

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Farooq

Farooq (also transliterated as Farouk, Faruqi, Farook, Faruk, Faroeq, Faruq, or Farouq, Farooqi, Faruque or Farooqui; Fārūq) is a common Arabic given and family name.

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Fatimid Caliphate

The Fatimid Caliphate or Fatimid Empire (al-Khilāfa al-Fāṭimiyya) was a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shia dynasty.

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French invasion of Egypt and Syria

The French invasion of Egypt and Syria (1798–1801) was an invasion and occupation of the Ottoman territories of Egypt and Syria, by forces of the French First Republic led by Napoleon Bonaparte.

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Fustat

Fustat (translit), also Fostat, was the first capital of Egypt under Muslim rule, and the historical centre of modern Cairo.

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Garden City, Cairo

Garden City (جاردن سيتي) is an early-20th-century real estate development loosely based on the English garden city movement, and is today a mixed residential and administrative quarter in qism Qasr al-Nil in the West District of Cairo, Egypt.

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Gilding

Gilding is a decorative technique for applying a very thin coating of gold over solid surfaces such as metal (most common), wood, porcelain, or stone.

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Giza pyramid complex

The Giza pyramid complex (also called the Giza necropolis) in Egypt is home to the Great Pyramid, the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure, along with their associated pyramid complexes and the Great Sphinx. Cairo Citadel and Giza pyramid complex are open-air museums in Egypt.

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Grand vizier

Grand vizier (vazîr-i aʾzam; sadr-ı aʾzam; sadrazam) was the title of the effective head of government of many sovereign states in the Islamic world.

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Greeks

The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world..

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Harem

Harem (lit) refers to domestic spaces that are reserved for the women of the house in a Muslim family.

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History of Egypt under the British

The history of Egypt under the British lasted from 1882, when it was occupied by British forces during the Anglo-Egyptian War, until 1956 after the Suez Crisis, when the last British forces withdrew in accordance with the Anglo-Egyptian agreement of 1954.

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Hosh (architecture)

A hosh (ḥūš), or hawsh, is a courtyard in some traditional residential complexes in the Arab world.

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Hypostyle

In architecture, a hypostyle hall has a roof which is supported by columns.

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Islam

Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.

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Islamic Cairo

Islamic Cairo (Al-Mu'izz's Cairo), or Medieval Cairo, officially Historic Cairo (القاهرة التاريخية al-Qāhira tārīkhiyya), refers mostly to the areas of Cairo, Egypt, that were built from the Muslim conquest in 641 CE until the city's modern expansion in the 19th century during Khedive Ismail's rule, namely: the central parts within the old walled city, the historic cemeteries, the area around the Citadel of Cairo, parts of Bulaq, and Old Cairo which dates back to Roman times and includes major Coptic Christian monuments. Cairo Citadel and Islamic Cairo are medieval Cairo and open-air museums in Egypt.

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Isma'il Pasha of Egypt

Isma'il Pasha (إسماعيل باشا; 12 January 1830 – 2 March 1895), also known as 'Ismail the Magnificent, was the Khedive of Egypt and ruler of Sudan from 1863 to 1879, when he was removed at the behest of Great Britain and France.

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Istanbul

Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, straddling the Bosporus Strait, the boundary between Europe and Asia.

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Iwan

An iwan (ایوان,, also as ivan or ivān/īvān, إيوان) is a rectangular hall or space, usually vaulted, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open.

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Janissary

A janissary (yeŋiçeri) was a member of the elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan's household troops.

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K. A. C. Creswell

Sir Keppel Archibald Cameron Creswell (13 September 1879 – 8 April 1974) was an English architectural historian who wrote some of the seminal works on Islamic architecture in Egypt.

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Kaaba

The Kaaba, sometimes referred to as al-Ka'ba al-Musharrafa, is a stone building at the center of Islam's most important mosque and holiest site, the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

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Keep

A keep is a type of fortified tower built within castles during the Middle Ages by European nobility.

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Khedivate of Egypt

The Khedivate of Egypt (or خُدَيْوِيَّةُ مِصْرَ,; خدیویت مصر) was an autonomous tributary state of the Ottoman Empire, established and ruled by the Muhammad Ali Dynasty following the defeat and expulsion of Napoleon Bonaparte's forces which brought an end to the short-lived French occupation of Lower Egypt.

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Kiswah

Kiswa (كسوة الكعبة, kiswat al-ka'bah) is the cloth that covers the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

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Kurds

Kurds or Kurdish people (rtl, Kurd) are an Iranic ethnic group native to the mountainous region of Kurdistan in Western Asia, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northern Syria.

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Lapis lazuli

Lapis lazuli, or lapis for short, is a deep-blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color.

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Loggia

In architecture, a loggia (usually) is a covered exterior gallery or corridor, usually on an upper level, but sometimes on the ground level of a building.

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Louis Philippe I

Louis Philippe I (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850), nicknamed the Citizen King, was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France.

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Mamluk

Mamluk or Mamaluk (mamlūk (singular), مماليك, mamālīk (plural); translated as "one who is owned", meaning "slave") were non-Arab, ethnically diverse (mostly Turkic, Caucasian, Eastern and Southeastern European) enslaved mercenaries, slave-soldiers, and freed slaves who were assigned high-ranking military and administrative duties, serving the ruling Arab and Ottoman dynasties in the Muslim world.

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Mamluk Sultanate

The Mamluk Sultanate (translit), also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz from the mid-13th to early 16th centuries.

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Mecca

Mecca (officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah) is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia and the holiest city according to Islam.

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Minaret

A minaret (translit, or translit; minare; translit) is a type of tower typically built into or adjacent to mosques.

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Mokattam

The Mokattam (المقطم, also spelled Muqattam), also known as the Mukattam Mountain or Hills, is the name of an Eastern Desert plateau as well as the district built over it in the Southern Area of Cairo, Egypt.

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Mosaic

A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface.

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Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hasan

The Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hasan (مسجد ومدرسة السلطان حسن) is a monumental mosque and madrasa located in Salah al-Din Square in the historic district of Cairo, Egypt. Cairo Citadel and mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hasan are medieval Cairo.

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Muhammad Ali Mosque

The Muhammad Ali Mosque or Alabaster Mosque (مسجد محمد علي) is a mosque situated in the Citadel of Cairo in Egypt and was commissioned by Muhammad Ali Pasha between 1830 and 1848. Cairo Citadel and Muhammad Ali Mosque are medieval Cairo.

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Muhammad Ali of Egypt

Muhammad Ali (4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849) was an Ottoman Albanian governor and military commander who was the de facto ruler of Egypt from 1805 to 1848, considered the founder of modern Egypt.

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Muhammad Ali's rise to power

Muhammad Ali rose to power in Egypt following a long, three-way civil war between the Ottoman Empire, Egyptian Mamluks who had ruled Egypt for centuries, and Albanian mercenaries in the service of the Ottomans.

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Nacre

Nacre, also known as mother of pearl, is an organicinorganic composite material produced by some molluscs as an inner shell layer.

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Nile

The Nile (also known as the Nile River) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa.

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Ottoman architecture

Ottoman architecture is an architectural style or tradition that developed under the Ottoman Empire over a long period, undergoing some significant changes during its history.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.

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Ottoman–Mamluk War (1485–1491)

The Ottoman-Mamluk war took place from 1485 to 1491, when the Ottoman Empire invaded the Mamluk Sultanate territories of Anatolia and Syria.

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Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–1517)

The Ottoman–Mamluk War of 1516–1517 was the second major conflict between the Egypt-based Mamluk Sultanate and the Ottoman Empire, which led to the fall of the Mamluk Sultanate and the incorporation of the Levant, Egypt, and the Hejaz as provinces of the Ottoman Empire.

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Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha

Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha ("Ibrahim Pasha of Parga"; 1495 – 5 March 1536), also known as Frenk Ibrahim Pasha ("the Westerner"), Makbul Ibrahim Pasha ("the Favorite"), which later changed to Maktul Ibrahim Pasha ("the Executed") after his execution in the Topkapı Palace, was the first Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire appointed by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.

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Pasha

Pasha (پاشا; paşa; translit) was a high rank in the Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignitaries, and others.

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Prisoner of war

A prisoner of war (POW) is a person who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.

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Qa'a (room)

The qa'a (qāʿa) is a roofed reception room found in the domestic architecture of affluent residences of the Islamic world.

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Qaitbay

Sultan Abu Al-Nasr Sayf ad-Din Al-Ashraf Qaitbay (السلطان أبو النصر سيف الدين الأشرف قايتباي; 1416/14187 August 1496) was the eighteenth Burji Mamluk Sultan of Egypt from 872 to 901 A.H. (1468–1496 C.E.). He was Circassian by birth, and was purchased by the ninth sultan Barsbay (1422 to 1438 C.E.) before being freed by the eleventh Sultan Jaqmaq (1438 to 1453 C.E.).

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Qalawun

(قلاوون الصالحي, – November 10, 1290) was the seventh Turkic Bahri Mamluk Sultan of Egypt; he ruled from 1279 to 1290.

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Roda Island

Roda Island (or Rawdah Island) is an island neighbourhood in the Nile in central Cairo, alternatively or partially known as Manial al-Roda, or al-Manial, in reference to the main village that existed on the island before it was urbanised, and is part of the Misr al-Qadima district.

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Sa'id of Egypt

Mohamed Sa'id Pasha (محمد سعيد باشا, Mehmed Said Paşa, March 17, 1822 – January 17, 1863) was the Wāli of Egypt and Sudan from 1854 until 1863, officially owing fealty to the Ottoman Sultan but in practice exercising virtual independence.

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Sahyun Castle

Sahyun Castle (قلعة صهيون), also known as the Castle of Saladin (Qal'at Salah al-Din), is a medieval castle in northwestern Syria.

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Saladin

Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub (– 4 March 1193), commonly known as Saladin, was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty.

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Salah al-Din Square

Salah al-Din Square (lit), known historically as Al-Rumaila Square (lit), Black Square, and colloquially as Citadel Square (lit) is the main city square of Islamic Cairo. Cairo Citadel and Salah al-Din Square are medieval Cairo.

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Selim I

Selim I (سليماول; I.; 10 October 1470 – 22 September 1520), known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute (Yavuz Sultan Selim), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520.

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Sherif Sonbol

Sherif Sonbol (6 December 1956 – 24 December 2023) was an Egyptian photographer specialising in architecture, scenic fine arts, and photojournalism.

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Substructure (engineering)

The substructure of a building transfers the load of the building to the ground and isolates it horizontally from the ground.

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Sulayman Pasha Mosque

Sulayman Pasha al-Khadem Mosque (مسجد سليمان باشا الخادم), also known as Sariat al-Jabal Mosque, is a historical mosque established in 1528 by Suleiman Pasha Al-Khadem, one of the Ottoman rulers of Egypt. Cairo Citadel and Sulayman Pasha Mosque are medieval Cairo.

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Suleiman the Magnificent

Suleiman I (Süleyman-ı Evvel; I.,; 6 November 14946 September 1566), commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in Western Europe and Suleiman the Lawgiver (Ḳānūnī Sulṭān Süleymān) in his Ottoman realm, was the longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his death in 1566.

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Turkey

Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.

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Tusun Pasha

Tusun Pasha (طوسون پاشا, طوسون باشا, Tosun Paşa, Ahmet Tosun Paşa; 1794 – 28 September 1816) was the younger son of Muhammad Ali Pasha, Wāli of Egypt between 1805 and 1849, by Amina Hanim.

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Umayyad Mosque

The Umayyad Mosque (al-Jāmiʿ al-Umawī), also known as the Great Mosque of Damascus, located in the old city of Damascus, the capital of Syria, is one of the largest and oldest mosques in the world.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.

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World Heritage Committee

The World Heritage Committee is a committee of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization that selects the sites to be listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the World Heritage List and the List of World Heritage in Danger, defines the use of the World Heritage Fund and allocates financial assistance upon requests from States Parties.

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World Heritage Site

World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection by an international convention administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance.

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Zahiriyya Library

The Zahiriyya Library (Maktaba al-Ẓāhirīyya), also known as the Madrasa al-Zahiriyya (Madrasah aẓ-Ẓāhirīyah), is an Islamic library, madrasa, and mausoleum in Damascus, Syria.

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