Cataract surgery, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 207 relations: Accommodation (vertebrate eye), Amblyopia, Ambulatory care, Anatomical terms of location, Anterior chamber of eyeball, Antibiotic, Aqueous humour, Aspheric lens, Astigmatism, Atherosclerosis, Balanced salt solution, Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Bifocals, Biological effects of high-energy visible light, Biometrics, Biostatistics, Blood vessel, Blurred vision, Brazil, Buenos Aires, Bullous keratopathy, Cannula, Capsule of lens, Capsulorhexis, Capsulotomy, Cataract, Cataract surgery, Cause (medicine), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, China, Choroid, Ciliary arteries, Ciliary body, Clear lens extraction, Cocaine, Cochrane Library, Complication (medicine), Congenital cataract, Contact lens, Contraindication, Cornea, Corneal limbus, Corneal transplantation, Corrective lens, Corticosteroid, Couching (ophthalmology), Cryoextraction (medicine), Cryosurgery, Cyanopsia, Danièle Aron-Rosa, ... Expand index (157 more) »

2. Refractive surgeries

Accommodation (vertebrate eye)

Accommodation is the process by which the vertebrate eye changes optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies.

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Amblyopia

Amblyopia, also called lazy eye, is a disorder of sight in which the brain fails to fully process input from one eye and over time favors the other eye.

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Ambulatory care

Ambulatory care or outpatient care is medical care provided on an outpatient basis, including diagnosis, observation, consultation, treatment, intervention, and rehabilitation services.

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Anatomical terms of location

Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans.

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Anterior chamber of eyeball

The anterior chamber (AC) is the aqueous humor-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea's innermost surface, the endothelium.

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Antibiotic

An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria.

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Aqueous humour

The aqueous humour is a transparent water-like fluid similar to blood plasma, but containing low protein concentrations.

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Aspheric lens

An aspheric lens or asphere (often labeled ASPH on eye pieces) is a lens whose surface profiles are not portions of a sphere or cylinder.

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Astigmatism

Astigmatism is a type of refractive error due to rotational asymmetry in the eye's refractive power.

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Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a pattern of the disease arteriosclerosis, characterized by development of abnormalities called lesions in walls of arteries.

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Balanced salt solution

A balanced salt solution (BSS) is a solution made to a physiological pH and isotonic salt concentration.

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Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate enlargement, is a noncancerous increase in size of the prostate gland.

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Bifocals

Bifocals are eyeglasses with two distinct optical powers.

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Biological effects of high-energy visible light

High-energy visible light (HEV light) is short-wave light in the violet/blue band from 400 to 450 nm in the visible spectrum, which has a number of purported negative biological effects, namely on circadian rhythm and retinal health (blue-light hazard), which can lead to age-related macular degeneration.

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Biometrics

Biometrics are body measurements and calculations related to human characteristics and features.

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Biostatistics

Biostatistics (also known as biometry) is a branch of statistics that applies statistical methods to a wide range of topics in biology.

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Blood vessel

Blood vessels are the structures of the circulatory system that transport blood throughout the human body.

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Blurred vision

Blurred vision is an ocular symptom where vision becomes less precise and there is added difficulty to resolve fine details.

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Brazil

Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest and easternmost country in South America and Latin America.

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Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires, officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, is the capital and primate city of Argentina.

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Bullous keratopathy

Bullous keratopathy, also known as pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK), is a pathological condition in which small vesicles, or bullae, are formed in the cornea due to endothelial dysfunction.

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Cannula

A cannula (Latin meaning 'little reed';: cannulae or cannulas) is a tube that can be inserted into the body, often for the delivery or removal of fluid or for the gathering of samples.

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Capsule of lens

The lens capsule is a component of the globe of the eye.

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Capsulorhexis

Capsulorhexis or capsulorrhexis, and the commonly used technique known as continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC), is a surgical technique used to remove the central anterior part of the capsule of the lens from the eye during cataract surgery by shear and tensile forces. Cataract surgery and capsulorhexis are refractive surgeries.

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Capsulotomy

Capsulotomy (BrE /kæpsjuː'lɒtəmi/, AmE /kæpsuː'lɑːtəmi/) is a type of eye surgery in which an incision is made into the capsule of the crystalline lens of the eye.

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Cataract

A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of the eye that leads to a decrease in vision of the eye.

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Cataract surgery

Cataract surgery, also called lens replacement surgery, is the removal of the natural lens of the eye that has developed a cataract, an opaque or cloudy area. Cataract surgery and cataract surgery are refractive surgeries.

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Cause (medicine)

Cause, also known as etiology and aetiology, is the reason or origination of something.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the national public health agency of the United States.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

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Choroid

The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye.

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Ciliary arteries

The ciliary arteries are divisible into three groups, the long posterior, short posterior, and the anterior.

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Ciliary body

The ciliary body is a part of the eye that includes the ciliary muscle, which controls the shape of the lens, and the ciliary epithelium, which produces the aqueous humor.

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Clear lens extraction, also known as refractive lensectomy, custom lens replacement or refractive lens exchange is a surgical procedure in which clear lens of the human eye is removed. Cataract surgery and clear lens extraction are refractive surgeries.

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Cocaine

Cocaine (from, from, ultimately from Quechua: kúka) is a tropane alkaloid that acts as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant.

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Cochrane Library

The Cochrane Library (named after Archie Cochrane) is a collection of databases in medicine and other healthcare specialties provided by Cochrane and other organizations.

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Complication (medicine)

A complication in medicine, or medical complication, is an unfavorable result of a disease, health condition, or treatment.

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Congenital cataract

Congenital cataracts are a lens opacity that is present at birth.

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Contact lenses, or simply contacts, are thin lenses placed directly on the surface of the eyes.

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Contraindication

In medicine, a contraindication is a condition (a situation or factor) that serves as a reason not to take a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient.

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Cornea

The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.

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Corneal limbus

The corneal limbus (Latin: corneal border) is the border between the cornea and the sclera (the white of the eye).

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Corneal transplantation

Corneal transplantation, also known as corneal grafting, is a surgical procedure where a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by donated corneal tissue (the graft).

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Corrective lens

A corrective lens is a transmissive optical device that is worn on the eye to improve visual perception.

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Corticosteroid

Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, as well as the synthetic analogues of these hormones.

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Couching (ophthalmology)

Couching is the earliest documented form of cataract surgery.

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In ophthalmology, cryoextraction is a form of intracapsular cataract extraction in which a cryoextractor, a special type of cryoprobe, is used to freeze the crystalline lens and pull it intact from the eye.

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Cryosurgery

Cryosurgery (with cryo from the Ancient Greek κρύο) is the use of extreme cold in surgery to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue; thus, it is the surgical application of cryoablation.

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Cyanopsia

Cyanopsia is a medical term for seeing everything tinted with blue.

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Danièle Aron-Rosa

Danièle Aron-Rosa (born 1934) is a French-Tunisian ophthalmologist and physician-scientist most known for developing the picosecond, ophthalmic Nd:YAG laser for eye surgeries.

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Degree (angle)

A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually denoted by ° (the degree symbol), is a measurement of a plane angle in which one full rotation is 360 degrees.

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Developed country

A developed country, or advanced country, is a sovereign state that has a high quality of life, developed economy, and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.

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Developing country

A developing country is a sovereign state with a less developed industrial base and a lower Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.

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Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus, often known simply as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels.

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Diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease), is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes.

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Diplopia

Diplopia is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object that may be displaced horizontally or vertically in relation to each other.

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El Salvador

El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador, is a country in Central America.

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Emulsion

An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable) owing to liquid-liquid phase separation.

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Endophthalmitis

Endophthalmitis, or endophthalmia, is inflammation of the interior cavity of the eye, usually caused by an infection.

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Epidemic

An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί epi "upon or above" and δῆμος demos "people") is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of hosts in a given population within a short period of time.

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Epidemiology

Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population.

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Epithelium

Epithelium or epithelial tissue is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with little extracellular matrix.

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Eye drop

Eye drops or eyedrops are liquid drops applied directly to the surface of the eye usually in small amounts such as a single drop or a few drops.

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Eye examination

An eye examination is a series of tests performed to assess vision and ability to focus on and discern objects.

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Eye surgery

Eye surgery, also known as ophthalmic surgery or ocular surgery, is surgery performed on the eye or its adnexa.

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Farsightedness

Far-sightedness, also known as long-sightedness, hypermetropia, and hyperopia, is a condition of the eye where distant objects are seen clearly but near objects appear blurred.

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Fixation (visual)

Fixation or visual fixation is the maintaining of the gaze on a single location.

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Floater

Floaters or eye floaters are sometimes visible deposits (e.g., the shadows of tiny structures of protein or other cell debris projected onto the retina) within the eye's vitreous humour ("the vitreous"), which is normally transparent, or between the vitreous and retina.

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Focal length

The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power.

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Food and Drug Administration

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services.

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Gel

A gel is a semi-solid that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough.

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Gender disparities in health

The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined health as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Identified by the 2012 World Development Report as one of two key human capital endowments, health can influence an individual's ability to reach his or her full potential in society.

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General anaesthesia

General anaesthesia (UK) or general anesthesia (US) is a method of medically inducing loss of consciousness that renders a patient unarousable even with painful stimuli.

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Glare (vision)

Glare is difficulty of seeing in the presence of bright light such as direct or reflected sunlight or artificial light such as car headlamps at night.

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Glasses

Glasses, also known as eyeglasses and spectacles, are vision eyewear with clear or tinted lenses mounted in a frame that holds them in front of a person's eyes, typically utilizing a bridge over the nose and hinged arms, known as temples or temple pieces, that rest over the ears.

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Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that lead to damage of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain.

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Glaucoma surgery

Glaucoma is a group of diseases affecting the optic nerve that results in vision loss and is frequently characterized by raised intraocular pressure (IOP).

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Globe (human eye)

The globe of the eye, or bulbus oculi, is the frontmost sensory organ of the human ocular system, going from the cornea at the front, to the anterior part of the optic nerve at the back.

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Glued intraocular lens

In ophthalmology, glued intraocular lens or glued IOL is a surgical technique for implantation, with the use of biological glue, of a posterior chamber IOL (intraocular lens) in eyes with deficient or absent posterior capsules.

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Guatemala

Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America.

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Hapticity

In coordination chemistry, hapticity is the coordination of a ligand to a metal center via an uninterrupted and contiguous series of atoms.

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Harold Ridley (ophthalmologist)

Sir Nicholas Harold Lloyd Ridley (10 July 1906 – 25 May 2001) was an English ophthalmologist who invented the intraocular lens and pioneered intraocular lens surgery for cataract patients.

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Hertz

The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), equivalent to one event (or cycle) per second.

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Human eye

The human eye is an organ of the sensory nervous system that reacts to visible light and allows the use of visual information for various purposes including seeing things, keeping balance, and maintaining circadian rhythm.

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Hydrodelineation

Hydrodelineation is a method of separating an outer shell (or multiple shells) of the lens of the eye from the central compact mass of inner nuclear cataract (also called endonucleus) during a cataract surgery by the forceful irrigation of a fluid into the mass of the nucleus.

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Hydrodissection

Hydrodissection is the use of a directed jet of water to surgically separate tissues.

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Hydrophile

A hydrophile is a molecule or other molecular entity that is attracted to water molecules and tends to be dissolved by water.

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Hydrophobe

In chemistry, hydrophobicity is the physical property of a molecule that is seemingly repelled from a mass of water (known as a hydrophobe).

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Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia (from ancient Greek ὑπέρ huper 'over' + πλάσις plasis 'formation'), or hypergenesis, is an enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the amount of organic tissue that results from cell proliferation.

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Hypopyon

Hypopyon is a medical condition involving inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of the eye.

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India

India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.

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Inflammation

Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.

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Injury

Injury is physiological damage to the living tissue of any organism, whether in humans, in other animals, or in plants.

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International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness

The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) is a global alliance of eye health organisations working for the prevention of blindness and vision impairment.

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Intracameral injection

An intracameral injection is usually of an antibiotic into the anterior chamber of the eyeball to prevent endophthalmitis caused by an infection of the eye that can occur after cataract surgery.

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Intraocular hemorrhage

Intraocular hemorrhage (sometimes called hemophthalmos or hemophthalmia) is bleeding inside the eye (oculus in Latin).

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Intraocular lens

An Intraocular lens (IOL) is a lens implanted in the eye usually as part of a treatment for cataracts or for correcting other vision problems such as short sightedness and long sightedness; a form of refractive surgery.

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Intraocular lens power calculation

The aim of an accurate intraocular lens power calculation is to provide an intraocular lens (IOL) that fits the specific needs and desires of the individual patient.

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Intraocular lens scaffold

Intraocular lens scaffold, or IOL scaffold technique, is a surgical procedure in ophthalmology.

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Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome

Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) is a complication that may occur during cataract extraction in certain patients.

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Iridectomy

An iridectomy, also known as a surgical iridectomy or corectomy, is the surgical removal of part of the iris.

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Iris (anatomy)

The iris (irides or irises) is a thin, annular structure in the eye in most mammals and birds, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil, and thus the amount of light reaching the retina.

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Α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compound

α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds are organic compounds with the general structure (O.

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Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland.

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Karl Koller (ophthalmologist)

Karl Koller (December 3, 1857 – March 21, 1944) was an Austrian ophthalmologist.

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Kenya

Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya (Jamhuri ya Kenya), is a country in East Africa.

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LASIK

LASIK or Lasik (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis), commonly referred to as laser eye surgery or laser vision correction, is a type of refractive surgery for the correction of myopia, hyperopia, and an actual cure for astigmatism, since it is in the cornea. Cataract surgery and LASIK are refractive surgeries.

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Lens (vertebrate anatomy)

The lens, or crystalline lens, is a transparent biconvex structure in most land vertebrate eyes.

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Libya

Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.

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Life expectancy

Human life expectancy is a statistical measure of the estimate of the average remaining years of life at a given age.

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Liquid nitrogen

Liquid nitrogen (LN2) is nitrogen in a liquid state at low temperature.

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Local anesthesia

Local anesthesia is any technique to induce the absence of sensation in a specific part of the body, generally for the aim of inducing local analgesia, i.e. local insensitivity to pain, although other local senses may be affected as well.

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Local anesthetic

A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes unconsciousness.

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Macula

The macula (/ˈmakjʊlə/) or macula lutea is an oval-shaped pigmented area in the center of the retina of the human eye and in other animals.

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Macular degeneration

Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD), is a medical condition which may result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field.

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Macular edema

Macular edema occurs when fluid and protein deposits collect on or under the macula of the eye (a yellow central area of the retina) and causes it to thicken and swell (edema).

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Manual small incision cataract surgery

Manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) is an evolution of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE); the lens is removed from the eye through a self-sealing scleral tunnel wound. Cataract surgery and Manual small incision cataract surgery are refractive surgeries.

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Mean absolute difference

The mean absolute difference (univariate) is a measure of statistical dispersion equal to the average absolute difference of two independent values drawn from a probability distribution.

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Mean absolute error

In statistics, mean absolute error (MAE) is a measure of errors between paired observations expressing the same phenomenon.

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Medicare (United States)

Medicare is a federal health insurance program in the United States for people age 65 or older and younger people with disabilities, including those with end stage renal disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease).

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Micronesia

Micronesia is a subregion of Oceania, consisting of approximately 2,000 small islands in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Miosis

Miosis, or myosis, is excessive constriction of the pupil.

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Mode locking

Mode locking is a technique in optics by which a laser can be made to produce pulses of light of extremely short duration, on the order of picoseconds (10−12 s) or femtoseconds (10−15 s).

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Multifocal intraocular lens

Multifocal and accommodating intraocular lenses are artificial intraocular lenses (IOLs) that are designed to provide focus of both distance and near objects, in contrast to monofocal intraocular lenses which only have one focal point and correct distance vision.

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Mydriasis

Mydriasis is the dilation of the pupil, usually having a non-physiological cause, or sometimes a physiological pupillary response.

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Myopia

Myopia, also known as near-sightedness and short-sightedness, is an eye disease where light from distant objects focuses in front of, instead of on, the retina.

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National Center for Biotechnology Information

The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

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National Eye Institute

The National Eye Institute (NEI) is part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), an agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

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National Health Service

The National Health Service (NHS) is the umbrella term for the publicly funded healthcare systems of the United Kingdom, comprising the NHS in England, NHS Scotland and NHS Wales.

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Nd:YAG laser

Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet; Nd:Y3Al5O12) is a crystal that is used as a lasing medium for solid-state lasers.

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Neuromuscular-blocking drug

Neuromuscular-blocking drugs, or Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), block transmission at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis of the affected skeletal muscles.

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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are members of a therapeutic drug class which reduces pain, decreases inflammation, decreases fever, and prevents blood clots.

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Nyctalopia

Nyctalopia, also called night-blindness, is a condition making it difficult or impossible to see in relatively low light.

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Ocular hypertension

Ocular hypertension is the presence of elevated fluid pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure), usually with no optic nerve damage or visual field loss.

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Operating microscope

An operating microscope or surgical microscope is an optical microscope specifically designed to be used in a surgical setting, typically to perform microsurgery.

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Ophthalmic viscosurgical device

Ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) are a class of clear gel-like material used in eye surgery to maintain the volume and shape of the anterior chamber of the eye, and protect the intraocular tissues during the procedure.

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Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology is a clinical and surgical specialty within medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders.

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Optical axis

An optical axis is an imaginary line that passes through the geometrical center of an optical system such as a camera lens, microscope or telescopic sight.

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Optical power

In optics, optical power (also referred to as dioptric power, refractive power, focusing power, or convergence power) is the degree to which a lens, mirror, or other optical system converges or diverges light.

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Paraguay

Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay (República del Paraguay; Paraguái Tavakuairetã), is a landlocked country in South America.

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Pathogenic bacteria

Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease.

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Per capita income

Per capita income (PCI) or average income measures the average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year.

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Periocular injection

Periocular injection is an ocular route of drug administration.

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Peru

Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River.

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Phacoemulsification

Phacoemulsification is a cataract surgery method in which the internal lens of the eye which has developed a cataract is emulsified with the tip of an ultrasonic handpiece and aspirated from the eye. Cataract surgery and Phacoemulsification are refractive surgeries.

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Phakic intraocular lens

A phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) is an intraocular lens that is implanted surgically into the eye to correct refractive errors without removing the natural lens (also known as "phakos", hence the term).

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Photopsia

Photopsia is the presence of perceived flashes of light in the field of vision.

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Pollen

Pollen is a powdery substance produced by most types of flowers of seed plants for the purpose of sexual reproduction.

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Poly(methyl methacrylate)

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is the synthetic polymer derived from methyl methacrylate.

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Posterior vitreous detachment

A posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a condition of the eye in which the vitreous membrane separates from the retina.

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Povidone-iodine

Povidone-iodine (PVP-I), also known as iodopovidone, is an antiseptic used for skin disinfection before and after surgery.

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Pseudoexfoliation syndrome

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome, often abbreviated as PEX and sometimes as PES or PXS, is an aging-related systemic disease manifesting itself primarily in the eyes which is characterized by the accumulation of microscopic granular amyloid-like protein fibers.

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Pupil

The pupil is a hole located in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to strike the retina.

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Quality of life

Quality of life (QOL) is defined by the World Health Organization as "an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns".

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Radiation exposure

Radiation exposure is a measure of the ionization of air due to ionizing radiation from photons.

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Randomized controlled trial

A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; RCT) is a form of scientific experiment used to control factors not under direct experimental control.

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Red eye (medicine)

A red eye is an eye that appears red due to illness or injury.

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Retina

The retina (or retinas) is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs.

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Retinal detachment

Retinal detachment is a disorder of the eye in which the retina peels away from its underlying layer of support tissue.

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Retinal implant

A retinal implant is a visual prosthesis for restoration of sight to patients blinded by retinal degeneration.

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Retinal pigment epithelium

The pigmented layer of retina or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the pigmented cell layer just outside the neurosensory retina that nourishes retinal visual cells, and is firmly attached to the underlying choroid and overlying retinal visual cells.

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Retrobulbar block

A retrobulbar block is a regional anesthetic nerve block in the retrobulbar space, which is the area located behind the globe of the eye.

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Samuel Sharp (surgeon)

Samuel Sharp FRS (1709–1778) was an English surgeon and author.

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Sclera

The sclera, also known as the white of the eye or, in older literature, as the tunica albuginea oculi, is the opaque, fibrous, protective outer layer of the eye containing mainly collagen and some crucial elastic fiber.

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Sedation

Sedation is the reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of sedative drugs, generally to facilitate a medical procedure or diagnostic procedure.

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Shear stress

Shear stress (often denoted by, Greek: tau) is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section.

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Silicone

In organosilicon and polymer chemistry, a silicone or polysiloxane is a polymer composed of repeating units of siloxane (where R.

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South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

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South Asia

South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethnic-cultural terms.

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Speculum (medicine)

A speculum (Latin for 'mirror';: specula or speculums) is a historical medical tool for investigating body orifices, with a form dependent on the orifice for which it is designed.

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Standard deviation

In statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation of a random variable expected about its mean.

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Standard of care

In tort law, the standard of care is the only degree of prudence and caution required of an individual who is under a duty of care.

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Staphylococcus

Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Staphylococcaceae from the order Bacillales.

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Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive spherically shaped bacterium, a member of the Bacillota, and is a usual member of the microbiota of the body, frequently found in the upper respiratory tract and on the skin.

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Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa, Subsahara, or Non-Mediterranean Africa is the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara.

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Sub-Tenon injection

Sub-Tenon injection is an ocular route of drug administration.

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Sulcus (morphology)

In biological morphology and anatomy, a sulcus (sulci) is a furrow or fissure (Latin fissura,: fissurae).

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Surgical stainless steel

Surgical stainless steel is a grade of stainless steel used in biomedical applications.

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Surgical suture

A surgical suture, also known as a stitch or stitches, is a medical device used to hold body tissues together and approximate wound edges after an injury or surgery.

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Synechia (eye)

Ocular synechia is an eye condition where the iris adheres to either the cornea (i.e. anterior synechia) or lens (i.e. posterior synechia).

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Systolic hypertension

In medicine, systolic hypertension is defined as an elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP).

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Tachycardia

Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.

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Tamsulosin

Tamsulosin, sold under the brand name Flomax among others, is a medication used to treat symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and chronic prostatitis and to help with the passage of kidney stones.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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Titanium

Titanium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ti and atomic number 22.

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Topical anesthetic

A topical anesthetic is a local anesthetic that is used to numb the surface of a body part.

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Torus

In geometry, a torus (tori or toruses) is a surface of revolution generated by revolving a circle in three-dimensional space one full revolution about an axis that is coplanar with the circle.

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Toxic anterior segment syndrome

Toxic anterior segment syndrome is an acute, sterile anterior segment inflammation following generally uneventful cataract and anterior segment surgery.

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Trabecular meshwork

The trabecular meshwork is an area of tissue in the eye located around the base of the cornea, near the ciliary body, and is responsible for draining the aqueous humor from the eye via the anterior chamber (the chamber on the front of the eye covered by the cornea).

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Trabeculectomy

Trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure used in the treatment of glaucoma to relieve intraocular pressure by removing part of the eye's trabecular meshwork and adjacent structures.

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Trifocal lenses

Trifocals are eyeglasses with lenses that have three regions which correct for distance, intermediate (arm's length), and near vision.

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Ultrasound

Ultrasound is sound with frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz.

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Ultraviolet

Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.

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Uruguay

Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America.

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Uveitis

Uveitis is inflammation of the uvea, the pigmented layer of the eye between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer composed of the sclera and cornea.

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Uveitis–glaucoma–hyphema syndrome

Uveitis–glaucoma–hyphaema (UGH) syndrome, also known as Ellingson syndrome, is a complication of cataract surgery, caused by intraocular lens subluxation or dislocation.

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Visual acuity

Visual acuity (VA) commonly refers to the clarity of vision, but technically rates an animal's ability to recognize small details with precision.

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Visual impairment

Visual or vision impairment (VI or VIP) is the partial or total inability of visual perception.

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Vitrectomy

Vitrectomy is a surgery to remove some or all of the vitreous humor from the eye.

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Vitreous body

The vitreous body (vitreous meaning "glass-like") is the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball (the vitreous chamber) in humans and other vertebrates.

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Waterproofing

Waterproofing is the process of making an object, person or structure waterproof or water-resistant so that it remains relatively unaffected by water or resisting the ingress of water under specified conditions.

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Wavefront

In physics, the wavefront of a time-varying wave field is the set (locus) of all points having the same phase.

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Weighted arithmetic mean

The weighted arithmetic mean is similar to an ordinary arithmetic mean (the most common type of average), except that instead of each of the data points contributing equally to the final average, some data points contribute more than others.

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Workplace health surveillance

Workplace health surveillance or occupational health surveillance (U.S.) is the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and dissemination of exposure and health data on groups of workers.

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World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.

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World Health Report

The World Health Report (WHR) is a series of annual reports produced by the World Health Organization (WHO).

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See also

Refractive surgeries

• Alpins method
• Automated lamellar keratoplasty
• Capsulorhexis
• Cataract surgery
• Clear lens extraction
• Conductive keratoplasty
• Contoura Vision
• Corneal inlay
• Epikeratophakia
• Intrastromal corneal ring segment
• Keratomileusis
• LASIK
• Laser blended vision
• Laser thermal keratoplasty
• Limbal relaxing incisions
• Manual small incision cataract surgery
• Phacoemulsification
• Radial keratotomy
• Refractive surgery
• Small incision lenticule extraction

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataract_surgery

Also known as Advanced Cataract Surgery, Cataract extraction, Cataract operation, Cataract surgeries, Extracapsular cataract extraction, Femtosecond laser for cataract surgery, Intracapsular cataract extraction, Laser Cataract Surgery, Lens replacement surgery, Microincision cataract surgery, Posterior capsular opacification, Posterior capsular opacity, Posterior capsular rupture, Posterior capsule opacification, Posterior capsule opacity.

, Degree (angle), Developed country, Developing country, Diabetes, Diabetic retinopathy, Diplopia, El Salvador, Emulsion, Endophthalmitis, Epidemic, Epidemiology, Epithelium, Eye drop, Eye examination, Eye surgery, Farsightedness, Fixation (visual), Floater, Focal length, Food and Drug Administration, Gel, Gender disparities in health, General anaesthesia, Glare (vision), Glasses, Glaucoma, Glaucoma surgery, Globe (human eye), Glued intraocular lens, Guatemala, Hapticity, Harold Ridley (ophthalmologist), Hertz, Human eye, Hydrodelineation, Hydrodissection, Hydrophile, Hydrophobe, Hyperplasia, Hypopyon, India, Inflammation, Injury, International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness, Intracameral injection, Intraocular hemorrhage, Intraocular lens, Intraocular lens power calculation, Intraocular lens scaffold, Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome, Iridectomy, Iris (anatomy), Α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compound, Japan, Karl Koller (ophthalmologist), Kenya, LASIK, Lens (vertebrate anatomy), Libya, Life expectancy, Liquid nitrogen, Local anesthesia, Local anesthetic, Macula, Macular degeneration, Macular edema, Manual small incision cataract surgery, Mean absolute difference, Mean absolute error, Medicare (United States), Micronesia, Miosis, Mode locking, Multifocal intraocular lens, Mydriasis, Myopia, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Eye Institute, National Health Service, Nd:YAG laser, Neuromuscular-blocking drug, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Nyctalopia, Ocular hypertension, Operating microscope, Ophthalmic viscosurgical device, Ophthalmology, Optical axis, Optical power, Paraguay, Pathogenic bacteria, Per capita income, Periocular injection, Peru, Phacoemulsification, Phakic intraocular lens, Photopsia, Pollen, Poly(methyl methacrylate), Posterior vitreous detachment, Povidone-iodine, Protein, Pseudoexfoliation syndrome, Pupil, Quality of life, Radiation exposure, Randomized controlled trial, Red eye (medicine), Retina, Retinal detachment, Retinal implant, Retinal pigment epithelium, Retrobulbar block, Samuel Sharp (surgeon), Sclera, Sedation, Shear stress, Silicone, South Africa, South Asia, Speculum (medicine), Standard deviation, Standard of care, Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Sub-Saharan Africa, Sub-Tenon injection, Sulcus (morphology), Surgical stainless steel, Surgical suture, Synechia (eye), Systolic hypertension, Tachycardia, Tamsulosin, The New York Times, Titanium, Topical anesthetic, Torus, Toxic anterior segment syndrome, Trabecular meshwork, Trabeculectomy, Trifocal lenses, Ultrasound, Ultraviolet, Uruguay, Uveitis, Uveitis–glaucoma–hyphema syndrome, Visual acuity, Visual impairment, Vitrectomy, Vitreous body, Waterproofing, Wavefront, Weighted arithmetic mean, Workplace health surveillance, World Health Organization, World Health Report.