Causal decision theory, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 16 relations: Causality, Counterfactual conditional, David Lewis (philosopher), Decision theory, Decision-making, Evidential decision theory, Expected utility hypothesis, Expected value, Game theory, Independence (probability theory), Lewis's triviality result, Newcomb's paradox, Prisoner's dilemma, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Synthese, Thought experiment.

Causality

Causality is an influence by which one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly dependent on the cause.

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Counterfactual conditional

Counterfactual conditionals (also contrafactual, subjunctive or X-marked) are conditional sentences which discuss what would have been true under different circumstances, e.g. "If Peter believed in ghosts, he would be afraid to be here." Counterfactuals are contrasted with indicatives, which are generally restricted to discussing open possibilities.

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David Lewis (philosopher)

David Kellogg Lewis (September 28, 1941 – October 14, 2001) was an American philosopher.

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Decision theory

Decision theory (or the theory of choice) is a branch of applied probability theory and analytic philosophy concerned with the theory of making decisions based on assigning probabilities to various factors and assigning numerical consequences to the outcome.

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Decision-making

In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several possible alternative options.

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Evidential decision theory

Evidential decision theory (EDT) is a school of thought within decision theory which states that, when a rational agent is confronted with a set of possible actions, one should select the action with the highest news value, that is, the action which would be indicative of the best outcome in expectation if one received the "news" that it had been taken. Causal decision theory and Evidential decision theory are decision theory.

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Expected utility hypothesis

The expected utility hypothesis is a foundational assumption in mathematical economics concerning decision making under uncertainty.

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Expected value

In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average.

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Game theory

Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions.

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Independence (probability theory)

Independence is a fundamental notion in probability theory, as in statistics and the theory of stochastic processes.

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Lewis's triviality result

In the mathematical theory of probability, David Lewis's triviality result is a theorem about the impossibility of systematically equating the conditional probability P(B\mid A) with the probability of a so-called conditional event, A \rightarrow B.

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Newcomb's paradox

In philosophy and mathematics, Newcomb's paradox, also known as Newcomb's problem, is a thought experiment involving a game between two players, one of whom is able to predict the future.

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Prisoner's dilemma

The prisoner's dilemma is a game theory thought experiment that involves two rational agents, each of whom can cooperate for mutual benefit or betray their partner ("defect") for individual reward.

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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) is a freely available online philosophy resource published and maintained by Stanford University, encompassing both an online encyclopedia of philosophy and peer-reviewed original publication.

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Synthese

Synthese is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the epistemology, methodology, and philosophy of science, and related issues.

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Thought experiment

A thought experiment is a hypothetical situation in which a hypothesis, theory, or principle is laid out for the purpose of thinking through its consequences.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_decision_theory

Also known as Alternatives to causal and evidential decision theory.