Cell adhesion, the Glossary
Cell adhesion is the process by which cells interact and attach to neighbouring cells through specialised molecules of the cell surface.[1]
Table of Contents
89 relations: Adherens junction, Arthritis, Autoantibody, Autoimmune disease, Bacteria, Bacterial adhesin, Basal lamina, Biochemical cascade, Cadherin, Catenin, CD4, Cell adhesion molecule, Cell junction, Cell migration, Cell signaling, Circumsporozoite protein, Claudin, Conformational change, Connexin, Connexon, Cytoskeleton, Desmocollin, Desmoglein, Desmosome, Differential adhesion hypothesis, Disease, Endothelium, Envelope glycoprotein GP120, Epithelium, Extracellular matrix, Fibronectin, Filamin, Flagellum, Focal adhesion, Fungal adhesin, Fungus, Gap junction, Genetics, Hemagglutinin, Hemidesmosome, Hepatitis C virus, HIV, Immune response, Immunoglobulin domain, Immunoglobulin superfamily, Infection, Inflammation, Influenza, Integrin, Intercellular adhesion molecule, ... Expand index (39 more) »
Adherens junction
In cell biology, adherens junctions (or zonula adherens, intermediate junction, or "belt desmosome") are protein complexes that occur at cell–cell junctions and cell–matrix junctions in epithelial and endothelial tissues, usually more basal than tight junctions.
See Cell adhesion and Adherens junction
Arthritis
Arthritis is a term often used to mean any disorder that affects joints.
See Cell adhesion and Arthritis
Autoantibody
An autoantibody is an antibody (a type of protein) produced by the immune system that is directed against one or more of the individual's own proteins.
See Cell adhesion and Autoantibody
Autoimmune disease
An autoimmune disease is a condition that results from an anomalous response of the adaptive immune system, wherein it mistakenly targets and attacks healthy, functioning parts of the body as if they were foreign organisms.
See Cell adhesion and Autoimmune disease
Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.
See Cell adhesion and Bacteria
Bacterial adhesin
Adhesins are cell-surface components or appendages of bacteria that facilitate adhesion or adherence to other cells or to surfaces, usually in the host they are infecting or living in.
See Cell adhesion and Bacterial adhesin
Basal lamina
The basal lamina is a layer of extracellular matrix secreted by the epithelial cells, on which the epithelium sits.
See Cell adhesion and Basal lamina
Biochemical cascade
A biochemical cascade, also known as a signaling cascade or signaling pathway, is a series of chemical reactions that occur within a biological cell when initiated by a stimulus.
See Cell adhesion and Biochemical cascade
Cadherin
Cadherins (named for "calcium-dependent adhesion") are cell adhesion molecules important in forming adherens junctions that let cells adhere to each other.
See Cell adhesion and Cadherin
Catenin
Catenins are a family of proteins found in complexes with cadherin cell adhesion molecules of animal cells.
CD4
In molecular biology, CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) is a glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T-cell receptor (TCR).
Cell adhesion molecule
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are a subset of cell surface proteins that are involved in the binding of cells with other cells or with the extracellular matrix (ECM), in a process called cell adhesion.
See Cell adhesion and Cell adhesion molecule
Cell junction
Cell junctions or junctional complexes are a class of cellular structures consisting of multiprotein complexes that provide contact or adhesion between neighboring cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix in animals.
See Cell adhesion and Cell junction
Cell migration
Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.
See Cell adhesion and Cell migration
Cell signaling
In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is the process by which a cell interacts with itself, other cells, and the environment.
See Cell adhesion and Cell signaling
Circumsporozoite protein
Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is a secreted protein of the sporozoite stage of the malaria parasite (Plasmodium sp.) and is the antigenic target of RTS,S and other malaria vaccines.
See Cell adhesion and Circumsporozoite protein
Claudin
Claudins are a family of proteins which, along with occludin, are the most important components of the tight junctions (zonulae occludentes).
Conformational change
In biochemistry, a conformational change is a change in the shape of a macromolecule, often induced by environmental factors.
See Cell adhesion and Conformational change
Connexin
Connexins (Cx), or gap junction proteins, are structurally related transmembrane proteins that assemble to form vertebrate gap junctions.
See Cell adhesion and Connexin
Connexon
In biology, a connexon, also known as a connexin hemichannel, is an assembly of six proteins called connexins that form the pore for a gap junction between the cytoplasm of two adjacent cells.
See Cell adhesion and Connexon
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells, including those of bacteria and archaea.
See Cell adhesion and Cytoskeleton
Desmocollin
Desmocollins are a subfamily of desmosomal cadherins, the transmembrane constituents of desmosomes.
See Cell adhesion and Desmocollin
Desmoglein
The desmogleins are a family of desmosomal cadherins consisting of proteins DSG1, DSG2, DSG3, and DSG4.
See Cell adhesion and Desmoglein
Desmosome
A desmosome ("binding body"), also known as a macula adherens (plural: maculae adherentes) (Latin for adhering spot), is a cell structure specialized for cell-to-cell adhesion.
See Cell adhesion and Desmosome
Differential adhesion hypothesis
Differential adhesion hypothesis (DAH) is a hypothesis that explains cellular movement during morphogenesis with thermodynamic principles.
See Cell adhesion and Differential adhesion hypothesis
Disease
A disease is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external injury.
Endothelium
The endothelium (endothelia) is a single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.
See Cell adhesion and Endothelium
Envelope glycoprotein GP120
Envelope glycoprotein GP120 (or gp120) is a glycoprotein exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope.
See Cell adhesion and Envelope glycoprotein GP120
Epithelium
Epithelium or epithelial tissue is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with little extracellular matrix.
See Cell adhesion and Epithelium
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM), also called intercellular matrix (ICM), is a network consisting of extracellular macromolecules and minerals, such as collagen, enzymes, glycoproteins and hydroxyapatite that provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.
See Cell adhesion and Extracellular matrix
Fibronectin
Fibronectin is a high-molecular weight (~500-~600 kDa) glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix that binds to membrane-spanning receptor proteins called integrins.
See Cell adhesion and Fibronectin
Filamin
Filamins are a class of proteins that hold two actin filaments at large angles.
Flagellum
A flagellum (flagella) (Latin for 'whip' or 'scourge') is a hairlike appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, from fungal spores (zoospores), and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility.
See Cell adhesion and Flagellum
Focal adhesion
In cell biology, focal adhesions (also cell–matrix adhesions or FAs) are large macromolecular assemblies through which mechanical force and regulatory signals are transmitted between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and an interacting cell.
See Cell adhesion and Focal adhesion
Fungal adhesin
Fungal adhesins are proteins located on the surface of fungal cells, specifically found on the outside of the cell wall.
See Cell adhesion and Fungal adhesin
Fungus
A fungus (fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
Gap junction
Gap junctions are membrane channels between cells that allow the exchange of substances from the cytoplasm of one cell directly to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell.
See Cell adhesion and Gap junction
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.
See Cell adhesion and Genetics
Hemagglutinin
In molecular biology, hemagglutinins (alternatively spelt haemagglutinin, from the Greek haima, 'blood' + Latin gluten, 'glue') are receptor-binding membrane fusion glycoproteins produced by viruses in the Paramyxoviridae and Orthomyxoviridae families.
See Cell adhesion and Hemagglutinin
Hemidesmosome
Hemidesmosomes are very small stud-like structures found in keratinocytes of the epidermis of skin that attach to the extracellular matrix.
See Cell adhesion and Hemidesmosome
Hepatitis C virus
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small (55–65 nm in size), enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae.
See Cell adhesion and Hepatitis C virus
HIV
The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans.
Immune response
An immune response is a physiological reaction which occurs within an organism in the context of inflammation for the purpose of defending against exogenous factors.
See Cell adhesion and Immune response
Immunoglobulin domain
The immunoglobulin domain, also known as the immunoglobulin fold, is a type of protein domain that consists of a 2-layer sandwich of 7-9 antiparallel β-strands arranged in two β-sheets with a Greek key topology, consisting of about 125 amino acids.
See Cell adhesion and Immunoglobulin domain
Immunoglobulin superfamily
The immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) is a large protein superfamily of cell surface and soluble proteins that are involved in the recognition, binding, or adhesion processes of cells.
See Cell adhesion and Immunoglobulin superfamily
Infection
An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce.
See Cell adhesion and Infection
Inflammation
Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.
See Cell adhesion and Inflammation
Influenza
Influenza, commonly known as "the flu" or just "flu", is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses.
See Cell adhesion and Influenza
Integrin
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that help cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion.
See Cell adhesion and Integrin
Intercellular adhesion molecule
In molecular biology, intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) are part of the immunoglobulin superfamily.
See Cell adhesion and Intercellular adhesion molecule
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are cytoskeletal structural components found in the cells of vertebrates, and many invertebrates.
See Cell adhesion and Intermediate filament
Keratin
Keratin is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins.
Laminin
Laminins are a family of glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix of all animals.
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by immunodeficiency resulting in recurrent infections.
See Cell adhesion and Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
Ligand
In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule with a functional group that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex.
Lymphocyte
A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in the immune system of most vertebrates.
See Cell adhesion and Lymphocyte
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates.
Merozoite surface protein
Merozoite surface proteins are both integral and peripheral membrane proteins found on the surface of a merozoite, an early life cycle stage of a protozoan.
See Cell adhesion and Merozoite surface protein
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; the term is typically used when referring to metastasis by a cancerous tumor.
See Cell adhesion and Metastasis
Microfilament
Microfilaments, also called actin filaments, are protein filaments in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that form part of the cytoskeleton.
See Cell adhesion and Microfilament
Multicellular organism
A multicellular organism is an organism that consists of more than one cell, unlike unicellular organisms.
See Cell adhesion and Multicellular organism
Neural cell adhesion molecule
Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), also called CD56, is a homophilic binding glycoprotein expressed on the surface of neurons, glia and skeletal muscle.
See Cell adhesion and Neural cell adhesion molecule
Occludin
Occludin is a transmembrane protein that regulates the permeability of epithelial and endothelial barriers.
See Cell adhesion and Occludin
Paracellular transport
Paracellular transport refers to the transfer of substances across an epithelium by passing through the intercellular space between the cells.
See Cell adhesion and Paracellular transport
Pemphigus
Pemphigus is a rare group of blistering autoimmune diseases that affect the skin and mucous membranes.
See Cell adhesion and Pemphigus
Pilus
A pilus (Latin for 'hair';: pili) is a hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria and archaea.
Plasmodesma
Plasmodesmata (singular: plasmodesma) are microscopic channels which traverse the cell walls of plant cells and some algal cells, enabling transport and communication between them.
See Cell adhesion and Plasmodesma
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans.
See Cell adhesion and Plasmodium falciparum
Plectin
Plectin is a giant protein found in nearly all mammalian cells which acts as a link between the three main components of the cytoskeleton: actin microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments.
Polymerization
In polymer chemistry, polymerization (American English), or polymerisation (British English), is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains or three-dimensional networks.
See Cell adhesion and Polymerization
Prokaryote
A prokaryote (less commonly spelled procaryote) is a single-cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
See Cell adhesion and Prokaryote
Protein complex
A protein complex or multiprotein complex is a group of two or more associated polypeptide chains.
See Cell adhesion and Protein complex
Protein dynamics
In molecular biology, proteins are generally thought to adopt unique structures determined by their amino acid sequences.
See Cell adhesion and Protein dynamics
Protozoa
Protozoa (protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic debris.
See Cell adhesion and Protozoa
Red blood cell
Red blood cells (RBCs), referred to as erythrocytes (with -cyte translated as 'cell' in modern usage) in academia and medical publishing, also known as red cells, erythroid cells, and rarely haematids, are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system.
See Cell adhesion and Red blood cell
Role of cell adhesions in neural development
Cellular adhesions can be defined as proteins or protein aggregates that form mechanical and chemical linkages between the intracellular and extracellular space.
See Cell adhesion and Role of cell adhesions in neural development
Scaffold protein
In biology, scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signalling pathways.
See Cell adhesion and Scaffold protein
Selectin
The selectins (cluster of differentiation 62 or CD62) are a family of cell adhesion molecules (or CAMs).
See Cell adhesion and Selectin
Sialic acid
Sialic acids are a class of alpha-keto acid sugars with a nine-carbon backbone.
See Cell adhesion and Sialic acid
Signal transduction
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events.
See Cell adhesion and Signal transduction
Sugar
Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food.
Talin (protein)
Talin is a high-molecular-weight cytoskeletal protein concentrated at regions of cell–substratum contact and, in lymphocytes, at cell–cell contacts.
See Cell adhesion and Talin (protein)
Tight junction
Tight junctions, also known as occluding junctions or zonulae occludentes (singular, zonula occludens), are multiprotein junctional complexes whose canonical function is to prevent leakage of solutes and water and seals between the epithelial cells.
See Cell adhesion and Tight junction
Tropism
In biology, a tropism is a phenomenon indicating the growth or turning movement of an organism, usually a plant, in response to an environmental stimulus.
VCAM-1
Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 also known as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) or cluster of differentiation 106 (CD106) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VCAM1 gene.
Vinculin
In mammalian cells, vinculin is a membrane-cytoskeletal protein in focal adhesion plaques that is involved in linkage of integrin adhesion molecules to the actin cytoskeleton.
See Cell adhesion and Vinculin
Virus
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.
Voltage-gated ion channel
Voltage-gated ion channels are a class of transmembrane proteins that form ion channels that are activated by changes in the electrical membrane potential near the channel.
See Cell adhesion and Voltage-gated ion channel
White blood cell
White blood cells (scientific name leukocytes), also called immune cells or immunocytes, are cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.
See Cell adhesion and White blood cell
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_adhesion
Also known as Cell-cell adhesion, Cellular adhesion, Tumor adhesion.
, Intermediate filament, Keratin, Laminin, Leukocyte adhesion deficiency, Ligand, Lymphocyte, Malaria, Merozoite surface protein, Metastasis, Microfilament, Multicellular organism, Neural cell adhesion molecule, Occludin, Paracellular transport, Pemphigus, Pilus, Plasmodesma, Plasmodium falciparum, Plectin, Polymerization, Prokaryote, Protein complex, Protein dynamics, Protozoa, Red blood cell, Role of cell adhesions in neural development, Scaffold protein, Selectin, Sialic acid, Signal transduction, Sugar, Talin (protein), Tight junction, Tropism, VCAM-1, Vinculin, Virus, Voltage-gated ion channel, White blood cell.