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Chesapeake Bay, the Glossary

348 relations: Abandoned Shipwrecks Act, Acer rubrum, Ajacán Mission, Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal, Albemarle Sound, Alexandria, Virginia, Algal bloom, Algonquian languages, American eel, American Revolutionary War, Amish, Annapolis, Maryland, Aquatic plant, Atlantic horseshoe crab, Atlantic menhaden, Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic Plain, Atlantic sturgeon, Back River (Maryland), Back River (Virginia), Bald eagle, Baltimore, Baltimore Steam Packet Company, Basking shark, Battle of Bladensburg, Battle of the Chesapeake, Beautiful Swimmers, Benedict, Maryland, Best management practice for water pollution, Blair A. Rudes, Blue catfish, Bolide, Bonnethead, Bottlenose dolphin, Brackish water, British Army, British Isles, Bugeye, Bull shark, Burning of Washington, Bush River (Maryland), Callinectes sapidus, Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, Calvert Cliffs State Park, Calvert County, Maryland, Cambridge, Maryland, Cape Charles (headland), Cape Charles, Virginia, Cape Henry, Capital Gazette, ... Expand index (298 more) »
Environment of the Mid-Atlantic states
Estuaries of Maryland
Estuaries of Virginia
Estuaries of the United States
Eutrophication

Abandoned Shipwrecks Act

The Abandoned Shipwrecks Act is a piece of United States legislation passed into law in 1988 meant to protect historic shipwrecks in US waters from treasure hunters and unauthorised salvagers by transferring the title to the wreck to the US state whose waters it lies in.

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Acer rubrum

Acer rubrum, the red maple, also known as swamp maple, water maple, or soft maple, is one of the most common and widespread deciduous trees of eastern and central North America.

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Ajacán Mission

The Ajacán Mission (also Axaca, Axacam, Iacan, Jacán, Xacan) was a Spanish attempt in 1570 to establish a Jesuit mission in the vicinity of the Virginia Peninsula to bring Christianity to the Virginia Native Americans.

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Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal

The Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal was built by a corporation in 1856-1860 to afford inland navigation between the Chesapeake Bay and the Albemarle Sound.

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Albemarle Sound

Albemarle Sound is a large estuary on the coast of North Carolina in the United States located at the confluence of a group of rivers, including the Chowan and Roanoke.

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Alexandria, Virginia

Alexandria is an independent city in the northern region of the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States.

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Algal bloom

An algal bloom or algae bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in freshwater or marine water systems.

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Algonquian languages

The Algonquian languages (also Algonkian) are a subfamily of the Indigenous languages of the Americas and most of the languages in the Algic language family are included in the group.

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American eel

The American eel (Anguilla rostrata) is a facultative catadromous fish found on the eastern coast of North America.

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American Revolutionary War

The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a military conflict that was part of the broader American Revolution, in which American Patriot forces organized as the Continental Army and commanded by George Washington defeated the British Army.

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Amish

The Amish (Amisch; Amische), formally the Old Order Amish, are a group of traditionalist Anabaptist Christian church fellowships with Swiss and Alsatian origins.

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Annapolis, Maryland

Annapolis is the capital of the U.S. state of Maryland.

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Aquatic plant

Aquatic plants are plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments (saltwater or freshwater).

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Atlantic horseshoe crab

The Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus), also known as the American horseshoe crab, is a species of horseshoe crab, a kind of marine and brackish chelicerate arthropod.

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Atlantic menhaden

The Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) is a North American species of fish in the herring family, Alosidae.

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Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about.

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Atlantic Plain

The Atlantic Plain is one of eight distinct physiographic divisions of the contiguous United States.

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Atlantic sturgeon

The Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) is a member of the family Acipenseridae, and, along with other sturgeon, it is sometimes considered a living fossil.

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Back River (Maryland)

Back River is a tidal estuary in Baltimore County, Maryland, located about east of the city of Baltimore.

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Back River (Virginia)

The Back River is an estuarine inlet of the Chesapeake Bay between the independent cities of Hampton and Poquoson in the Hampton Roads area of southeastern Virginia.

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Bald eagle

The bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is a bird of prey found in North America.

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Baltimore

Baltimore is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland.

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Baltimore Steam Packet Company

The Baltimore Steam Packet Company, nicknamed the, was an American steamship line from 1840 that provided overnight steamboat service on Chesapeake Bay, primarily between Baltimore, Maryland, and Norfolk, Virginia.

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Basking shark

The basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) is the second-largest living shark and fish, after the whale shark.

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Battle of Bladensburg

The Battle of Bladensburg, also known as the Bladensburg Races, took place during the Chesapeake Campaign, part of the War of 1812, on 24 August 1814, at Bladensburg, Maryland, northeast of Washington, D.C. The battle has been described as "the greatest disgrace ever dealt to American arms," a British force of army regulars and Royal Marines routed a combined U.S.

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Battle of the Chesapeake

The Battle of the Chesapeake, also known as the Battle of the Virginia Capes or simply the Battle of the Capes, was a crucial naval battle in the American Revolutionary War that took place near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay on 5 September 1781.

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Beautiful Swimmers

Beautiful Swimmers: Watermen, Crabs and the Chesapeake Bay (1976) is a non-fiction book by William W. Warner about the Chesapeake Bay, blue crabs and watermen.

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Benedict, Maryland

Benedict is an unincorporated town and census-designated place in Charles County, Maryland, United States, located on the Patuxent River in southern Maryland.

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Best management practice for water pollution

Best management practices (BMPs) is a term used in the United States and Canada to describe a type of water pollution control.

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Blair A. Rudes

Blair Arnold Rudes (May 18, 1951 – March 16, 2008) was an American linguist and professor at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte best known for his expertise in Native American languages.

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Blue catfish

The blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) is a large species of North American catfish, reaching a length of and a weight of.

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Bolide

A bolide is normally taken to mean an exceptionally bright meteor, but the term is subject to more than one definition, according to context.

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Bonnethead

The bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo), also called a bonnet shark or shovelhead, is a small member of the hammerhead shark genus Sphyrna, and part of the family Sphyrnidae.

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Bottlenose dolphin

The bottlenose dolphin is a toothed whale in the genus Tursiops. They are common, cosmopolitan members of the family Delphinidae, the family of oceanic dolphins.

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Brackish water

Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater.

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British Army

The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Naval Service and the Royal Air Force.

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British Isles

The British Isles are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner and Outer Hebrides, the Northern Isles (Orkney and Shetland), and over six thousand smaller islands.

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Bugeye

The bugeye is a type of sailboat developed in the Chesapeake Bay for oyster dredging.

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Bull shark

The bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas), also known as the Zambezi shark (informally zambi) in Africa and Lake Nicaragua shark in Nicaragua, is a species of requiem shark commonly found worldwide in warm, shallow waters along coasts and in rivers.

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Burning of Washington

The Burning of Washington, also known as the Capture of Washington, was a successful British amphibious attack conducted by Rear-Admiral George Cockburn during Admiral Sir John Warren's Chesapeake campaign.

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Bush River (Maryland)

Bush River is a tidal estuary in Harford County, Maryland, located about 15 mi (24 km) northeast of Baltimore.

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Callinectes sapidus

Callinectes sapidus (from the Ancient Greek,"beautiful" +, "swimmer", and Latin, "savory"), the blue crab, Atlantic blue crab, or, regionally, the Maryland blue crab, is a species of crab native to the waters of the western Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, and introduced internationally.

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Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant

The Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant (CCNPP) is a nuclear power plant located on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay near Lusby, Calvert County, Maryland in the Mid-Atlantic United States.

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Calvert Cliffs State Park

Calvert Cliffs State Park is a public recreation area in Lusby, Calvert County, Maryland, that protects a portion of the cliffs that extend for 24 miles along the eastern flank of the Calvert Peninsula on the west side of Chesapeake Bay from Chesapeake Beach southward to Drum Point.

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Calvert County, Maryland

Calvert County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland.

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Cambridge, Maryland

Cambridge is a city in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States.

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Cape Charles (headland)

Cape Charles is a headland, or cape, in Northampton County, Virginia.

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Cape Charles, Virginia

Cape Charles is a town / municipal corporation in Northampton County, Virginia, United States.

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Cape Henry

Cape Henry is a cape on the Atlantic shore of Virginia located in the northeast corner of Virginia Beach.

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Capital Gazette

Capital Gazette Communications owned by Tribune Publishing through its subsidiary the Baltimore Sun Media Group, publishes the daily The Capital and the twice-weekly Maryland Gazette newspapers and the weeklies Bowie Blade-News and Crofton-West County Gazette.

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Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail

The Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail is a series of water routes in the United States extending approximately along the Chesapeake Bay, the nation's largest estuary, and its tributaries in Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, and in the District of Columbia.

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Casserole

A casserole (French: diminutive of casse, from Provençal cassa, meaning 'pan') is a kind of large, deep pan or bowl used for cooking a variety of dishes in the oven; it is also a category of foods cooked in such a vessel.

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Cavalier

The term "Cavalier" was first used by Roundheads as a term of abuse for the wealthier royalist supporters of Charles I of England and his son Charles II during the English Civil War, the Interregnum, and the Restoration (1642 –). It was later adopted by the Royalists themselves.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.

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Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis

Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, KG, PC (31 December 1738 – 5 October 1805) was a British Army officer, Whig politician and colonial administrator.

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Chesapeake & Delaware Canal

The Chesapeake & Delaware Canal (C&D Canal) is a -long, -wide and -deep ship canal that connects the Delaware River with the Chesapeake Bay in the states of Delaware and Maryland in the United States. Chesapeake Bay and Chesapeake & Delaware Canal are Chesapeake Bay watershed.

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Chesapeake (novel)

Chesapeake is a novel by James A. Michener, published by Random House in 1978.

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Chesapeake Bay Bridge

The Gov.

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Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel

The Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel (CBBT, officially the Lucius J. Kellam Jr. Bridge–Tunnel) is a bridge–tunnel that crosses the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay between Delmarva and Hampton Roads in the U.S. state of Virginia.

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Chesapeake Bay Commission

The Chesapeake Bay Commission is an advisory body that consults with the legislatures of Maryland, Virginia and Pennsylvania about environmental, economic and social issues related to the Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake Bay and Chesapeake Bay Commission are Chesapeake Bay watershed.

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Chesapeake Bay deadrise

The Chesapeake Bay deadrise or deadrise workboat is a type of traditional fishing boat used in the Chesapeake Bay.

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Chesapeake Bay Flotilla

The Chesapeake Bay Flotilla was a motley collection of barges and gunboats that the United States assembled under the command of Joshua Barney, an 1812 privateer captain, to stall British attacks in the Chesapeake Bay which came to be known as the "Chesapeake campaign" during the War of 1812.

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Chesapeake Bay Foundation

The Chesapeake Bay Foundation (CBF) is a non-profit organization devoted to the restoration and protection of the Chesapeake Bay in the United States.

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Chesapeake Bay impact crater

The Chesapeake Bay impact crater is a buried impact crater, located beneath the mouth of Chesapeake Bay, United States.

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Chesapeake Bay Interpretive Buoy System

Chesapeake Bay Interpretive Buoy System (CBIBS) is a network of observational buoys that are deployed throughout the Chesapeake Bay to observe the estuary's changing conditions and to serve as way points along the Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail. Chesapeake Bay and Chesapeake Bay Interpretive Buoy System are Chesapeake Bay watershed.

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Chesapeake Bay Magazine

Chesapeake Bay Magazine is a monthly publication focusing on boating, leisure, and lifestyle on the Chesapeake Bay and surrounding areas.

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Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (Maryland)

The Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve is an estuary reserve in Maryland.

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Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (Virginia)

Designated in 1991, the Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve - Virginia (CBNERR-VA) is one of 29 protected areas that make up the National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS). Established to promote informed management of the nation's estuaries and coastal habitats.

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Chesapeake Bay Program

The Chesapeake Bay Program is the regional partnership that directs and conducts the restoration of the Chesapeake Bay in the United States. Chesapeake Bay and Chesapeake Bay Program are Chesapeake Bay watershed.

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Chesapeake Bay Retriever

The Chesapeake Bay Retriever is a large breed of dog belonging to the retriever, gundog, and sporting breed groups.

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Chesapeake Beach, Maryland

Chesapeake Beach is a town in Calvert County, Maryland, United States.

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Chesapeake Climate Action Network

The Chesapeake Climate Action Network (CCAN) is a grassroots nonprofit organization dedicated to fighting global warming in Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia.

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Chesapeake people

The Chesepian or Chesapeake were a Native American tribe who lived near present-day South Hampton Roads in the U.S. state of Virginia.

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Chesapeake Shores

Chesapeake Shores is a romantic television series, based on the novel series of the same name by Sherryl Woods, produced by Chesapeake Shores Productions Inc in association with Borderline Distribution.

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Chesapeake, Virginia

Chesapeake is an independent city in Virginia, United States.

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Chessie (sea monster)

In American folklore, Chessie is a sea monster said to live in the midst of the Chesapeake Bay.

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Chester River

The Chester River is a major tributary of the Chesapeake Bay on the Delmarva Peninsula.

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Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants.

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Choptank River

The Choptank River is a major tributary of the Chesapeake Bay and the largest river on the Delmarva Peninsula.

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Clam

Clam is a common name for several kinds of bivalve molluscs.

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Clean Water Act

The Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in the United States governing water pollution.

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Climate change

In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system.

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Climate change adaptation

Climate change adaptation is the process of adjusting to the effects of climate change.

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Climate change in Maryland

Climate change in Maryland encompasses the effects of climate change, attributed to man-made increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, in the U.S. state of Maryland.

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Climate change in Virginia

Climate change in Virginia encompasses the effects of climate change, attributed to man-made increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, in the U.S. state of Virginia.

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Clovis culture

The Clovis culture is an archaeological culture from the Paleoindian period of North America, spanning around 13,050 to 12,750 years Before Present.

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Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation

The Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation (CERF) is a private, nonprofit organization created in 1971. Chesapeake Bay and Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation are estuaries of the United States.

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Coastal flooding

Coastal flooding occurs when dry and low-lying land is submerged (flooded) by seawater.

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Cobia

The cobia (Rachycentron canadum) is a species of carangiform marine fish, the only extant representative of the genus Rachycentron and the family Rachycentridae.

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College of William & Mary

The College of William & Mary in Virginia (abbreviated as W&M), is a public research university in Williamsburg, Virginia.

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Colony of Virginia

The Colony of Virginia was a British, colonial settlement in North America between 1606 and 1776.

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Constructed wetland

A constructed wetland is an artificial wetland to treat sewage, greywater, stormwater runoff or industrial wastewater.

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Cownose ray

The cownose ray (Rhinoptera bonasus) is a species of Batoidea found throughout a large part of the western Atlantic and Caribbean, from New England to southern Brazil (the East Atlantic populations are now generally considered a separate species, the Lusitanian cownose ray (R. marginata)).

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Crisfield, Maryland

Crisfield is a city in Somerset County, Maryland, United States, located on the Tangier Sound, an arm of the Chesapeake Bay.

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Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies

The cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies includes the foods, bread, eating habits, and cooking methods of the Colonial United States.

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Cynthia Voigt

Cynthia Voigt (born February 25, 1942) is an American writer of books for young adults dealing with various topics such as adventure, mystery, racism and child abuse.

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DDT

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, commonly known as DDT, is a colorless, tasteless, and almost odorless crystalline chemical compound, an organochloride.

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Dead zone (ecology)

Dead zones are hypoxic (low-oxygen) areas in the world's oceans and large lakes.

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Deer Creek (Maryland)

Deer Creek is a U.S. Geological Survey.

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Deicing

Deicing is the process of removing snow, ice or frost from a surface.

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Delaware

Delaware is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern region of the United States.

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Delaware Bay

Delaware Bay is the estuary outlet of the Delaware River on the northeast seaboard of the United States, lying between the states of Delaware and New Jersey. Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay are Ramsar sites in the United States.

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Delaware River

The Delaware River is a major river in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States and is the longest free-flowing (undammed) river in the Eastern United States.

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Delmarva Peninsula

The Delmarva Peninsula, or simply Delmarva, is a large peninsula on the East Coast of the United States, occupied by the vast majority of the state of Delaware and parts of the Eastern Shore of Maryland and Eastern Shore of Virginia.

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Dicey's Song

Dicey's Song is a novel by Cynthia Voigt.

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Drainage basin

A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean.

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Dusky smooth-hound

The dusky smooth-hound (Mustelus canis), also called the smooth dogfish or the dog shark, is a species of houndshark in the family Triakidae.

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Eastern oyster

The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica)—also called the Atlantic oyster, American oyster, or East Coast oyster—is a species of true oyster native to eastern North and South America.

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Eastern Shore of Maryland

The Eastern Shore of Maryland is a part of the U.S. state of Maryland that lies mostly on the east side of the Chesapeake Bay.

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Eastern Shore of Virginia

The Eastern Shore of Virginia is the easternmost region of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.

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Egeria densa

Egeria densa, the large-flowered waterweed or Brazilian waterweed, is a species of Egeria native to warm temperate South America in southeastern Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay.

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Elizabeth River (Virginia)

The Elizabeth River is a U.S. Geological Survey. Chesapeake Bay and Elizabeth River (Virginia) are estuaries of Virginia.

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Elkton, Maryland

Elkton is a town in and the county seat of Cecil County, Maryland, United States.

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Eocene

The Eocene is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma).

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Estuary

An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.

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Eutrophication

Eutrophication is a general term describing a process in which nutrients accumulate in a body of water, resulting in an increased growth of microorganisms that may deplete the oxygen of water.

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Extreme weather

Extreme weather includes unexpected, unusual, severe, or unseasonal weather; weather at the extremes of the historical distribution—the range that has been seen in the past.

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Fin whale

The fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), also known as the finback whale or common rorqual, is a species of baleen whale and the second-longest cetacean after the blue whale. The biggest individual reportedly measured in length, with a maximum recorded weight of 77 to 81 tonnes.

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Fish kill

The term fish kill, known also as fish die-off, refers to a localized die-off of fish populations which may also be associated with more generalized mortality of aquatic life.

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Fjord

In physical geography, a fjord or fiord is a long, narrow sea inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by a glacier.

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Food chain

A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web, often starting with an autotroph (such as grass or algae), also called a producer, and typically ending at an apex predator (such as grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivore (such as earthworms and woodlice), or decomposer (such as fungi or bacteria).

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Fort Washington Park

Fort Washington, located near the community of Fort Washington, Maryland, was for many decades the only defensive fort protecting Washington, D.C. The original fort, overlooking the Potomac River, was completed in 1809, and was begun as Fort Warburton, but renamed in 1808.

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Fossil

A fossil (from Classical Latin) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.

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Found footage is a cinematic technique in which all or a substantial part of the work is presented as if it were film or video recordings recorded by characters in the story, and later "found" and presented to the audience.

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George Washington

George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American Founding Father, military officer, and politician who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797.

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Georgia (U.S. state)

Georgia, officially the State of Georgia, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States.

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German submarine U-1105

German submarine U-1105, a Type VII-C/41 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, was built at the Nordseewerke Shipyard, Emden, Germany, and commissioned on 3 June 1944.

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Giovanni da Verrazzano

Giovanni da Verrazzano (often misspelled Verrazano in English; 1485–1528) was an Italian (Florentine) explorer of North America, in the service of King Francis I of France.

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Goddard Space Flight Center

The Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is a major NASA space research laboratory located approximately northeast of Washington, D.C. in Greenbelt, Maryland, United States.

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Great blue heron

The great blue heron (Ardea herodias) is a large wading bird in the heron family Ardeidae, common near the shores of open water and in wetlands over most of North and Central America, as well as far northwestern South America, the Caribbean and the Galápagos Islands.

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Great Ireland

Great Ireland (Old Norse: Írland hit mikla or Írland it mikla), also known as White Men's Land (Hvítramannaland), and in Latin similarly as Hibernia Major and Albania, was a land said by various Norsemen to be located near Vinland.

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Gunpowder River

The Gunpowder River is a U.S. Geological Survey.

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Hamilton (musical)

Hamilton: An American Musical is a sung-and-rapped-through biographical musical with music, lyrics, and a book by Lin-Manuel Miranda.

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Hampton Roads

Hampton Roads is the name of both a body of water in the United States that serves as a wide channel for the James, Nansemond, and Elizabeth rivers between Old Point Comfort and Sewell's Point near where the Chesapeake Bay flows into the Atlantic Ocean, and the surrounding metropolitan region located in the southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina portions of the Tidewater Region.

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Hampton, Virginia

Hampton is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.

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Haplosporidium nelsoni

Haplosporidium nelsoni is a pathogen of oysters that originally caused oyster populations to experience high mortality rates in the 1950s, and still is quite prevalent today.

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Harford County, Maryland

Harford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland.

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Havre de Grace, Maryland

Havre de Grace, abbreviated HdG, is a city in Harford County, Maryland, United States.

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Hispaniola

Hispaniola (also) is an island in the Caribbean that is part of the Greater Antilles.

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History of New York City

The written history of New York City began with the first European explorer, the Italian Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524.

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History of North Carolina

The history of North Carolina from pre-colonial history to the present, covers the experiences of the people who have lived within the territory that now comprises the U.S. state of North Carolina.

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History of Virginia

The written history of Virginia begins with documentation by the first Spanish explorers to reach the area in the 16th century, when it was occupied chiefly by Algonquian, Iroquoian, and Siouan peoples.

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Holland Island

Holland Island was a marshy, rapidly eroding island in the Chesapeake Bay, in Dorchester County, Maryland, west of Salisbury.

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Humid subtropical climate

A humid subtropical climate is a temperate climate type characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters.

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Humpback whale

The humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is a species of baleen whale.

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Humphrey Gilbert

Sir Humphrey Gilbert (c. 1539 – 9 September 1583) was an English adventurer, explorer, member of parliament and soldier who served during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I and was a pioneer of the English colonial empire in North America and the Plantations of Ireland.

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Hypoxia (environmental)

Hypoxia (hypo: "below", oxia: "oxygenated") refers to low oxygen conditions.

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Impact event

An impact event is a collision between astronomical objects causing measurable effects.

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Infiltration basin

An infiltration basin (or recharge basin) is a form of engineered sump or percolation pond that is used to manage stormwater runoff, prevent flooding and downstream erosion, and improve water quality in an adjacent river, stream, lake or bay.

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Intracoastal Waterway

The Intracoastal Waterway (ICW) is a inland waterway along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the United States, running from Massachusetts southward along the Atlantic Seaboard and around the southern tip of Florida, then following the Gulf Coast to Brownsville, Texas.

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Invasive species

An invasive species is an introduced species that harms its new environment.

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Isopoda

Isopoda is an order of crustaceans.

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Jacob Have I Loved

Jacob Have I Loved is a 1980 coming of age novel for teenagers and young adults by Katherine Paterson.

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James A. Michener

James Albert Michener (or; February 3, 1907 – October 16, 1997) was an American writer.

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James River

The James River is a river in Virginia that begins in the Appalachian Mountains and flows from the confluence of the Cowpasture and Jackson Rivers in Botetourt County U.S. Geological Survey.

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Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau

Marshal Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (1 July 1725 – 10 May 1807) was a French nobleman and general whose army played a critical role in helping the United States defeat the British Army at Yorktown in 1781 during the American Revolutionary War.

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Jeff Corwin

Jeffrey Corwin (born July 11, 1967) is an American biologist and wildlife conservationist, known for hosting Disney Channel's Going Wild with Jeff Corwin, The Jeff Corwin Experience on Animal Planet, ABC's Ocean Mysteries with Jeff Corwin/Ocean Treks with Jeff Corwin and Wildlife Nation with Jeff Corwin.

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Jesuits

The Society of Jesus (Societas Iesu; abbreviation: SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits (Iesuitae), is a religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome.

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John Barth

John Simmons Barth (May 27, 1930 – April 2, 2024) was an American writer best known for his postmodern and metafictional fiction.

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John Clark (Ryanverse character)

John T. Clark (real name John Terence Kelly, at times codenamed Rainbow Six) is a fictional character created by Tom Clancy.

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John Smith (explorer)

John Smith (baptized 6 January 1580 – 21 June 1631) was an English soldier, explorer, colonial governor, admiral of New England, and author.

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Joshua Barney

Joshua Barney (6 July 1759 – 1 December 1818) was an American Navy officer who served in the Continental Navy during the Revolutionary War and as a captain in the French Navy during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Katherine Paterson

Katherine Womeldorf Paterson (born October 31, 1932) is an American writer best known for children's novels, including Bridge to Terabithia.

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Kent County, Maryland

Kent County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland.

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Kent Island (Maryland)

Kent Island is the largest island in the Chesapeake Bay and a historic place in Maryland.

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Kingdom of England

The Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from 886, when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, until 1 May 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, which would later become the United Kingdom.

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Kingdom of France

The Kingdom of France is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the medieval and early modern period.

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Lancaster County, Pennsylvania

Lancaster County (Pennsylvania Dutch: Lengeschder Kaundi), sometimes nicknamed the Garden Spot of America or Pennsylvania Dutch Country, is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

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Land development

Land development is the alteration of landscape in any number of ways such as.

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Laurentide ice sheet

The Laurentide ice sheet was a massive sheet of ice that covered millions of square miles, including most of Canada and a large portion of the Northern United States, multiple times during the Quaternary glacial epochs, from 2.58 million years ago to the present.

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List of Chesapeake Bay rivers

This list of Chesapeake Bay rivers includes the main rivers draining into the Chesapeake Bay estuarine complex on the mid-Atlantic eastern coast of the United States, North America. Chesapeake Bay and list of Chesapeake Bay rivers are Chesapeake Bay watershed and estuaries of the United States.

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List of islands of Maryland

Maryland has 281 named islands within its many waters and waterways, including the Atlantic Ocean; the Chesapeake Bay and its many tributary tidal rivers, creeks and bays; as well as within larger whitewater rivers like the upper Potomac.

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Log canoe

The log canoe is a type of sailboat developed in the Chesapeake Bay region.

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Loggerhead sea turtle

The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) is a species of oceanic turtle distributed throughout the world.

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Longhouse

A longhouse or long house is a type of long, proportionately narrow, single-room building for communal dwelling.

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Los Angeles Times

The Los Angeles Times is a regional American daily newspaper that began publishing in Los Angeles, California in 1881.

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Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón

Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón (c. 1480 – 18 October 1526) was a Spanish magistrate and explorer who in 1526 established the short-lived San Miguel de Gualdape colony, one of the first European attempts at a settlement in what is now the United States.

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Manatee

Manatees (family Trichechidae, genus Trichechus) are large, fully aquatic, mostly herbivorous marine mammals sometimes known as sea cows.

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Manta ray

Manta rays are large rays belonging to the genus Mobula (formerly its own genus Manta).

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Maryland

Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

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Maryland Department of Natural Resources

The Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is a government agency in the state of Maryland charged with maintaining natural resources including state parks, public lands, state forests, state waterways, wildlife, and recreation areas.

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Mastodon

A mastodon ('breast' + 'tooth') is a member of the genus Mammut (German for "mammoth"), which, strictly defined, was endemic to North America and lived from the late Miocene to the early Holocene.

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Matapeake, Maryland

Matapeake is an unincorporated community located south of Stevensville on Kent Island, Maryland, United States.

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MeatEater

MeatEater is a non-fiction outdoors hunting television series in the United States on Netflix starring Steven Rinella.

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Megafauna

In zoology, megafauna (from Greek μέγας megas "large" and Neo-Latin fauna "animal life") are large animals.

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Mid-Atlantic (United States)

The Mid-Atlantic is a region of the United States located in the overlap between the Northeastern and Southeastern states of the United States.

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Minke whale

The minke whale, or lesser rorqual, is a species complex of baleen whale.

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Mississippi River

The Mississippi River is the primary river and second-longest river of the largest drainage basin in the United States.

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Mudflat

Mudflats or mud flats, also known as tidal flats or, in Ireland, slob or slobs, are coastal wetlands that form in intertidal areas where sediments have been deposited by tides or rivers.

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Nansemond

The Nansemond are the Indigenous people of the Nansemond River, a 20-mile-long tributary of the James River in Virginia.

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Nanticoke people

The Nanticoke people are a Native American Algonquian people, whose traditional homelands are in Chesapeake Bay and Delaware.

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Nanticoke River

The Nanticoke River is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay on the Delmarva Peninsula.

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National Estuarine Research Reserve

The National Estuarine Research Reserve System is a network of 30 protected areas established by partnerships between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and coastal states.

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National Geographic

National Geographic (formerly The National Geographic Magazine, sometimes branded as NAT GEO) is an American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners.

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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (abbreviated as NOAA) is a US scientific and regulatory agency charged with forecasting weather, monitoring oceanic and atmospheric conditions, charting the seas, conducting deep-sea exploration, and managing fishing and protection of marine mammals and endangered species in the US exclusive economic zone.

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National Park Service

The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government, within the U.S. Department of the Interior.

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National Trails System

The National Trails System is a series of trails in the United States designated "to promote the preservation of, public access to, travel within, and enjoyment and appreciation of the open-air, outdoor areas and historic resources of the Nation".

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Near-threatened species

A near-threatened species is a species which has been categorized as "Near Threatened" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as that may be vulnerable to endangerment in the near future, but it does not currently qualify for the threatened status.

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New York (state)

New York, also called New York State, is a state in the Northeastern United States.

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New York Bay

New York Bay is the large tidal body of water in the New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary where the Hudson River, Raritan River, and Arthur Kill empty into the Atlantic Ocean between Sandy Hook and Rockaway Point.

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Newbery Medal

The John Newbery Medal, frequently shortened to the Newbery, is a literary award given by the Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC), a division of the American Library Association (ALA), to the author of "the most distinguished contributions to American literature for children".

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Newport News, Virginia

Newport News is an independent city in southeastern Virginia, United States.

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Newport, Rhode Island

Newport is a seaside city on Aquidneck Island in Rhode Island, United States.

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Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7.

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Norfolk, Virginia

Norfolk is an independent city in Virginia, United States.

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North Atlantic right whale

The North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) is a baleen whale, one of three right whale species belonging to the genus Eubalaena, all of which were formerly classified as a single species.

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North Carolina

North Carolina is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.

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Nutrient pollution

Nutrient pollution, a form of water pollution, refers to contamination by excessive inputs of nutrients.

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Ocean acidification

Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's ocean.

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Old Bay Seasoning

Old Bay Seasoning is a blend of herbs and spices that is marketed in the United States by McCormick & Company and originally created in Baltimore, Maryland.

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Old Dominion University

Old Dominion University (ODU) is a public research university in Norfolk, Virginia.

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Osprey

The osprey (Pandion haliaetus), historically known as sea hawk, river hawk, and fish hawk, is a diurnal, fish-eating bird of prey with a cosmopolitan range.

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Overexploitation

Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns.

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Oxygen saturation

Oxygen saturation (symbol SO2) is a relative measure of the concentration of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium as a proportion of the maximal concentration that can be dissolved in that medium at the given temperature.

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Oyster

Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats.

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Oyster farming

Oyster farming is an aquaculture (or mariculture) practice in which oysters are bred and raised mainly for their pearls, shells and inner organ tissue, which is eaten.

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Oyster Recovery Partnership

The Oyster Recovery Partnership (ORP) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that leads conservation efforts of the native Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, in the Chesapeake Bay and Eastern United States.

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Oyster Wars

The Oyster Wars were a series of sometimes violent disputes between oyster pirates and authorities and legal watermen from Maryland and Virginia in the waters of the Chesapeake Bay and the Potomac River from 1865 until about 1959.

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Pamlico Sound

Pamlico Sound is a large estuarine lagoon in North Carolina.

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Pamunkey

The Pamunkey Indian Tribe is one of 11 Virginia Indian tribal governments recognized by the Commonwealth of Virginia, and the state's first federally recognized tribe, receiving its status in January 2016.

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Pandemic

A pandemic is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has a sudden increase in cases and spreads across a large region, for instance multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of individuals.

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Patapsco River

The Patapsco River mainstem is a river in central Maryland that flows into the Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake Bay and Patapsco River are Chesapeake Bay watershed.

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Patriot Games

Patriot Games is a thriller novel, written by Tom Clancy and published in July 1987.

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Patuxent River

The Patuxent River is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay in the state of Maryland. Chesapeake Bay and Patuxent River are Chesapeake Bay watershed.

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Pedro Menéndez Márquez

Pedro Menéndez Márquez (c.1537 – 1600) was a Spanish military officer, conquistador, and governor of Spanish Florida.

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Peggy Stewart (ship)

Peggy Stewart was a Maryland cargo vessel burned on October 19, 1774, in Annapolis as a punishment for contravening the boycott on tea imports which had been imposed in retaliation for the British occupation of Boston following the Boston Tea Party.

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Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania Dutch), is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States.

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Peregrine falcon

The peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), also known simply as the peregrine, and historically as the duck hawk in North America, is a cosmopolitan bird of prey (raptor) in the family Falconidae.

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Perkinsus marinus

Perkinsus marinus is a species of alveolate belonging to the phylum Perkinsozoa.

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Pfiesteria piscicida

Pfiesteria piscicida is a dinoflagellate species of the genus Pfiesteria that some researchers claim was responsible for many harmful algal blooms in the 1980s and 1990s on the coast of North Carolina and Maryland.

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Philadelphia

Philadelphia, colloquially referred to as Philly, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the sixth-most populous city in the nation, with a population of 1,603,797 in the 2020 census.

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Phosphorus

Phosphorus is a chemical element; it has symbol P and atomic number 15.

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Phragmites

Phragmites is a genus of four species of large perennial reed grasses found in wetlands throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world.

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Piedmont (United States)

The Piedmont is a plateau region located in the Eastern United States.

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Pinus taeda

Pinus taeda, commonly known as loblolly pine, is one of several pines native to the Southeastern United States, from East Texas to Florida, and north to southern New Jersey.

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Piping plover

The piping plover (Charadrius melodus) is a small sand-colored, sparrow-sized shorebird that nests and feeds along coastal sand and gravel beaches in North America.

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Piscataway people

The Piscataway or Piscatawa, are Native Americans.

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Pocomoke River

The Pocomoke River stretches approximately U.S. Geological Survey.

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Polyhaline

Polyhaline is a salinity category term applied to brackish estuaries and other water bodies with a salinity between 18 and 30 parts per thousand.

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Port of Baltimore

The Helen Delich Bentley Port of Baltimore is a shipping port along the tidal basins of the three branches of the Patapsco River in Baltimore, Maryland, on the upper northwest shore of the Chesapeake Bay.

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Portsmouth, Virginia

Portsmouth is an independent city in southeastern Virginia, United States.

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Potomac River

The Potomac River is a major river in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States that flows from the Potomac Highlands in West Virginia to the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland.

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Powhatan

The Powhatan people are Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands who belong to member tribes of the Powhatan Confederacy, or Tsenacommacah.

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Priscilla Cummings

Priscilla Cummings (born April 13, 1951) is an American author.

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Province of Maryland

The Province of Maryland was an English and later British colony in North America from 1634 until 1776, when the province was one of the Thirteen Colonies that joined in supporting the American Revolution against Great Britain.

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Pulitzer Prize

The Pulitzer Prizes are two dozen annual awards given by Columbia University in New York for achievements in the United States in "journalism, arts and letters." They were established in 1917 by the will of Joseph Pulitzer, who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher.

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Pungy

The pungy is a type of schooner developed in and peculiar to the Chesapeake Bay region.

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Raid on Alexandria (Virginia)

The Raid on Alexandria was a British victory during the War of 1812, which gained much plunder at little cost but may have contributed to the later British repulse at Baltimore by delaying their main forces.

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Ramsar Convention

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of Ramsar sites (wetlands).

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Rappahannock River

The Rappahannock River is a river in eastern Virginia, in the United States, approximately in length.

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Red drum

The red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), also known as redfish, channel bass, puppy drum, spottail bass, or simply red, is a game fish found in the Atlantic Ocean from Massachusetts to Florida and in the Gulf of Mexico from Florida to northern Mexico.

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Red Kayak

Red Kayak is a young adult novel by American author Priscilla Cummings.

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Rhode Island

Rhode Island (pronounced "road") is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States.

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Ria

A ria (ría, feminine noun derived from río, river) is a coastal inlet formed by the partial submergence of an unglaciated river valley.

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Riparian buffer

A riparian buffer or stream buffer is a vegetated area (a "buffer strip") near a stream, usually forested, which helps shade and partially protect the stream from the impact of adjacent land uses.

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Roanoke Colony

Roanoke Colony was an attempt by Sir Walter Raleigh to found the first permanent English settlement in North America.

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Roanoke Island

Roanoke Island is an island in Dare County, bordered by the Outer Banks of North Carolina.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, and a component of His Majesty's Naval Service.

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Ruppia maritima

Ruppia maritima is an aquatic plant species commonly known as beaked tasselweed, beaked ditchgrass, ditch grass, tassel pondweed and widgeon grass.

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Sabbatical: A Romance

Sabbatical: A Romance is a novel by the American writer John Barth, published in 1982.

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Salinity

Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity).

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San Miguel de Gualdape

San Miguel de Gualdape (sometimes San Miguel de Guadalupe) was a short-lived Spanish colony founded in 1526 by Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón.

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Sandy Point State Park

Sandy Point State Park is a public recreation area on Chesapeake Bay, located at the western end of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge in Anne Arundel County, Maryland.

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Sapelo Island

Sapelo Island is a state-protected barrier island located in McIntosh County, Georgia.

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Scalloped hammerhead

The scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) is a species of hammerhead shark in the family Sphyrnidae.

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Sciaenidae

Sciaenidae is a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Acanthuriformes.

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Scientists Cliffs, Maryland

Scientists' Cliffs is an unincorporated community in Calvert County, Maryland, United States.

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Sea level rise

Between 1901 and 2018, the average sea level rise was, with an increase of per year since the 1970s.

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Secchi disk

The Secchi disk (or Secchi disc), as created in 1865 by Angelo Secchi, is a plain white, circular disk in diameter used to measure water transparency or turbidity in bodies of water.

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Sediment

Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.

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Sei whale

The sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis) is a baleen whale.

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Severn River (Maryland)

The Severn River is a tidal estuary U.S. Geological Survey.

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Sewage treatment

Sewage treatment (or domestic wastewater treatment, municipal wastewater treatment) is a type of wastewater treatment which aims to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable to discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application, thereby preventing water pollution from raw sewage discharges.

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Shad fishing

Shad is a type of fish, much valued as a sport fish.

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Shellfish

Shellfish is a colloquial and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms.

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Side-scan sonar

Side-scan sonar (also sometimes called side scan sonar, sidescan sonar, side imaging sonar, side-imaging sonar and bottom classification sonar) is a category of sonar system that is used to efficiently create an image of large areas of the sea floor.

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Siege of Yorktown

The siege of Yorktown, also known as the Battle of Yorktown and the surrender at Yorktown, began September 28, 1781, and ended on October 19, 1781, at exactly 10:30 am in Yorktown, Virginia.

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Sir George Cockburn, 10th Baronet

Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Cockburn, 10th Baronet, (22 April 1772 – 19 August 1853) was a British Royal Navy officer.

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Skipjack (boat)

The skipjack is a traditional fishing boat used on the Chesapeake Bay for oyster dredging.

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Smithsonian Environmental Research Center

The Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC) is a United States environmental research and educational facility operated by the Smithsonian Institution.

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Solutrean

The Solutrean industry is a relatively advanced flint tool-making style of the Upper Paleolithic of the Final Gravettian, from around 22,000 to 17,000 BP.

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Solutrean hypothesis

The Solutrean hypothesis on the peopling of the Americas is the claim that the earliest human migration to the Americas began from Europe during the Solutrean Period, with Europeans traveling along pack ice in the Atlantic Ocean.

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South Carolina in the American Revolution

South Carolina was outraged over British tax policies in the 1760s that violated what they saw as their constitutional right to "no taxation without representation".

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Spain

Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa.

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Spartina

Spartina is a genus of plants in the grass family, frequently found in coastal salt marshes.

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Spiny dogfish

The spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), spurdog, mud shark, or piked dogfish is one of the best known species of the Squalidae (dogfish) family of sharks, which is part of the Squaliformes order.

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Steven Rinella

Steven Rinella (born February 13, 1974) is an American outdoorsman, conservationist, writer, and television personality known for translating the hunting and fishing lifestyle to a wide variety of audiences.

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Stingray

Stingrays are a group of sea rays, a type of cartilaginous fish.

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Stormwater

Stormwater, also written storm water, is water that originates from precipitation (storm), including heavy rain and meltwater from hail and snow.

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Striped bass

The striped bass (Morone saxatilis), also called the Atlantic striped bass, striper, linesider, rock, or rockfish, is an anadromous perciform fish of the family Moronidae found primarily along the Atlantic coast of North America.

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Summer flounder

The summer flounder or fluke (Paralichthys dentatus) is a marine flatfish that is found in the Atlantic Ocean off the East Coast of the United States and Canada.

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Surface runoff

Surface runoff (also known as overland flow or terrestrial runoff) is the unconfined flow of water over the ground surface, in contrast to channel runoff (or stream flow).

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Suspension bridge

A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders.

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Susquehanna River

The Susquehanna River (Lenape: Siskëwahane) is a major river located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, crossing three lower Northeast states (New York, Pennsylvania and Maryland). Chesapeake Bay and Susquehanna River are environment of the Mid-Atlantic states.

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Tangier, Virginia

Tangier is a town in Accomack County, Virginia, United States, on Tangier Island in the Chesapeake Bay.

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Taxodium distichum

Taxodium distichum (baldcypress, bald-cypress, bald cypress, swamp cypress; cyprès chauve; cipre in Louisiana) is a deciduous conifer in the family Cupressaceae.

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Terrapin

Terrapins are a group of several species of small turtle (order Testudines) living in fresh or brackish water.

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The Baltimore Sun

The Baltimore Sun is the largest general-circulation daily newspaper based in the U.S. state of Maryland and provides coverage of local, regional, national, and international news.

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The Bay (film)

The Bay is a 2012 American mockumentary horror film directed by Barry Levinson and written by Michael Wallach, based on an original story created by the duo.

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The Boston Globe

The Boston Globe, also known locally as the Globe, is an American daily newspaper founded and based in Boston, Massachusetts.

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The Capital

The Capital (also known as Capital Gazette as its online nameplate and informally, while the Sunday edition is called The Sunday Capital) is a daily newspaper published by Capital Gazette Communications in Annapolis, Maryland, to serve the city of Annapolis, much of Anne Arundel County, and neighboring Kent Island in Queen Anne's County.

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The Narrows

The Narrows is the tidal strait separating the boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn in New York City.

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The Tidewater Tales

The Tidewater Tales is a 1987 novel by American writer John Barth.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

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Tide

Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon (and to a much lesser extent, the Sun) and are also caused by the Earth and Moon orbiting one another.

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Tiger shark

The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) is a species of ground shark, and the only extant member of the genus Galeocerdo and family Galeocerdonidae.

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Tom Clancy

Thomas Leo Clancy Jr. (April 12, 1947 – October 1, 2013) was an American novelist.

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Tom Wisner

Tom Wisner (June 29, 1930 – April 2, 2010) was an American folk musician, activist, and educator.

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Total maximum daily load

A total maximum daily load (TMDL) is a regulatory term in the U.S. Clean Water Act, describing a plan for restoring impaired waters that identifies the maximum amount of a pollutant that a body of water can receive while still meeting water quality standards.

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Toxicity

Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism.

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Tributary

A tributary, or an affluent, is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream (main stem or "parent"), river, or a lake.

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Turbidity

Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air.

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Underwater archaeology

Underwater archaeology is archaeology practiced underwater.

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United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

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United States Army Corps of Engineers

The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is the military engineering branch of the United States Army.

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United States Congress

The United States Congress, or simply Congress, is the legislature of the federal government of the United States.

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United States Environmental Protection Agency

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent agency of the United States government tasked with environmental protection matters.

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United States Geological Survey

The United States Geological Survey (USGS), founded as the Geological Survey, is an agency of the United States government whose work spans the disciplines of biology, geography, geology, and hydrology.

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University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science

The University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES) is a multi-university scientific research center within the University System of Maryland dedicated to environmental science, estuarine studies, and marine science.

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Urban runoff

Urban runoff is surface runoff of rainwater, landscape irrigation, and car washing created by urbanization.

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Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge

The Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, also referred to as the Narrows Bridge, the Verrazzano Bridge, and simply the Verrazzano, is a suspension bridge connecting the New York City boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn.

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Virginia

Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.

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Virginia Beach, Virginia

Virginia Beach, officially the City of Virginia Beach, is the most populous city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.

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Virginia Company

The Virginia Company was an English trading company chartered by King James I on 10 April 1606 with the objective of colonizing the eastern coast of America.

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Virginia Department of Health

The Virginia Department of Health oversees public health throughout the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.

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Virginia Institute of Marine Science

The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) is one of the largest marine research and education centers in the United States.

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Virginia Marine Resources Commission

The Virginia Marine Resources Commission is a state agency charged with overseeing Virginia's marine and aquatic resources, and its tidal waters and homelands.

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Walter Raleigh

Sir Walter Raleigh (– 29 October 1618) was an English statesman, soldier, writer and explorer.

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War of 1812

The War of 1812 was fought by the United States and its allies against the United Kingdom and its allies in North America.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States.

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Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route

The Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route is a series of roads used in 1781 by the Continental Army under the command of George Washington and the Expédition Particulière under the command of Jean-Baptiste de Rochambeau during their 14-week march from Newport, Rhode Island, to Yorktown, Virginia.

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Wastewater

Wastewater (or waste water) is water generated after the use of freshwater, raw water, drinking water or saline water in a variety of deliberate applications or processes.

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Water pollution

Water pollution (or aquatic pollution) is the contamination of water bodies, with a negative impact on their uses.

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Water quality

Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage.

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Waterman (occupation)

A waterman is a river worker who transfers passengers across and along city centre rivers and estuaries in the United Kingdom and its colonies.

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Weather buoy

Weather buoys are instruments which collect weather and ocean data within the world's oceans, as well as aid during emergency response to chemical spills, legal proceedings, and engineering design.

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West Virginia

West Virginia is a landlocked state in the Southern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.

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Whitaker Center for Science and the Arts

The Whitaker Center for Science and the Arts is located in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

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Wild rice

Wild rice, called Canada rice, Indian rice, or water oats, is any of four species of grasses that form the genus Zizania, and the grain that can be harvested from them.

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William W. Warner

William W. Warner (April 2, 1920 – April 18, 2008) was an American biologist and writer.

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Wilmington, Delaware

Wilmington (Lenape: Paxahakink / Pakehakink) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Delaware. The city was built on the site of Fort Christina, the first Swedish settlement in North America. It lies at the confluence of the Christina River and Brandywine Creek, near where the Christina flows into the Delaware River.

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Winter flounder

The winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), also known as the black back, is a right-eyed ("dextral") flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae.

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Without Remorse

Without Remorse is a thriller novel, written by Tom Clancy and published on August 11, 1993.

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WTOP-FM

WTOP-FM (103.5 FM) – branded "WTOP Radio" and "WTOP News" – is a commercial all-news radio station licensed to serve Washington, D.C. Owned by Hubbard Broadcasting, the station serves the Washington metropolitan area, extending its reach through two repeater stations: WTLP (103.9 FM) in Braddock Heights, Maryland, and WWWT-FM (107.7) in Manassas, Virginia.

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York River (Virginia)

The York River is a navigable estuary, approximately long,U.S. Geological Survey.

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Yorktown (The World Turned Upside Down)

"Yorktown (The World Turned Upside Down)" is the twentieth song from Act 1 of the musical Hamilton, based on the life of Alexander Hamilton, which premiered on Broadway in 2015.

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Yorktown, Virginia

Yorktown is a census-designated place (CDP) in York County, Virginia.

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Zostera

Zostera is a small genus of widely distributed seagrasses, commonly called marine eelgrass, or simply seagrass or eelgrass, and also known as seaweed by some fishermen and recreational boaters including yachtsmen.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay

Also known as Bahía de Chesapeake, Cheasapeake Bay, Cheasepeake Bay, Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.), Chesapeake Bay Estuarine Complex, Chesapeake Bay Region, Chesapeake Bay Region (Md. and Va.), Chesapeake Bay Watershed, Chesapeake River, Chesapeake Watershed, Chesepeake bay, Depletion of oysters in the Chesapeake Bay, Fishing industry in the Chesapeake Bay, Flora and fauna of the Chesapeake Bay, Pollution in the Chesapeake Bay, Pollution of the Chesapeake Bay, Susquehanna Flats, The Chesapeake Bay.

, Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail, Casserole, Cavalier, Central Intelligence Agency, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, Chesapeake & Delaware Canal, Chesapeake (novel), Chesapeake Bay Bridge, Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel, Chesapeake Bay Commission, Chesapeake Bay deadrise, Chesapeake Bay Flotilla, Chesapeake Bay Foundation, Chesapeake Bay impact crater, Chesapeake Bay Interpretive Buoy System, Chesapeake Bay Magazine, Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (Maryland), Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (Virginia), Chesapeake Bay Program, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Chesapeake Beach, Maryland, Chesapeake Climate Action Network, Chesapeake people, Chesapeake Shores, Chesapeake, Virginia, Chessie (sea monster), Chester River, Chlorophyll, Choptank River, Clam, Clean Water Act, Climate change, Climate change adaptation, Climate change in Maryland, Climate change in Virginia, Clovis culture, Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation, Coastal flooding, Cobia, College of William & Mary, Colony of Virginia, Constructed wetland, Cownose ray, Crisfield, Maryland, Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies, Cynthia Voigt, DDT, Dead zone (ecology), Deer Creek (Maryland), Deicing, Delaware, Delaware Bay, Delaware River, Delmarva Peninsula, Dicey's Song, Drainage basin, Dusky smooth-hound, Eastern oyster, Eastern Shore of Maryland, Eastern Shore of Virginia, Egeria densa, Elizabeth River (Virginia), Elkton, Maryland, Eocene, Estuary, Eutrophication, Extreme weather, Fin whale, Fish kill, Fjord, Food chain, Fort Washington Park, Fossil, Found footage (film technique), George Washington, Georgia (U.S. state), German submarine U-1105, Giovanni da Verrazzano, Goddard Space Flight Center, Great blue heron, Great Ireland, Gunpowder River, Hamilton (musical), Hampton Roads, Hampton, Virginia, Haplosporidium nelsoni, Harford County, Maryland, Havre de Grace, Maryland, Hispaniola, History of New York City, History of North Carolina, History of Virginia, Holland Island, Humid subtropical climate, Humpback whale, Humphrey Gilbert, Hypoxia (environmental), Impact event, Infiltration basin, Intracoastal Waterway, Invasive species, Isopoda, Jacob Have I Loved, James A. Michener, James River, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, Jeff Corwin, Jesuits, John Barth, John Clark (Ryanverse character), John Smith (explorer), Joshua Barney, Katherine Paterson, Kent County, Maryland, Kent Island (Maryland), Kingdom of England, Kingdom of France, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Land development, Laurentide ice sheet, List of Chesapeake Bay rivers, List of islands of Maryland, Log canoe, Loggerhead sea turtle, Longhouse, Los Angeles Times, Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón, Manatee, Manta ray, Maryland, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Mastodon, Matapeake, Maryland, MeatEater, Megafauna, Mid-Atlantic (United States), Minke whale, Mississippi River, Mudflat, Nansemond, Nanticoke people, Nanticoke River, National Estuarine Research Reserve, National Geographic, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Park Service, National Trails System, Near-threatened species, New York (state), New York Bay, Newbery Medal, Newport News, Virginia, Newport, Rhode Island, Nitrogen, Norfolk, Virginia, North Atlantic right whale, North Carolina, Nutrient pollution, Ocean acidification, Old Bay Seasoning, Old Dominion University, Osprey, Overexploitation, Oxygen saturation, Oyster, Oyster farming, Oyster Recovery Partnership, Oyster Wars, Pamlico Sound, Pamunkey, Pandemic, Patapsco River, Patriot Games, Patuxent River, Pedro Menéndez Márquez, Peggy Stewart (ship), Pennsylvania, Peregrine falcon, Perkinsus marinus, Pfiesteria piscicida, Philadelphia, Phosphorus, Phragmites, Piedmont (United States), Pinus taeda, Piping plover, Piscataway people, Pocomoke River, Polyhaline, Port of Baltimore, Portsmouth, Virginia, Potomac River, Powhatan, Priscilla Cummings, Province of Maryland, Pulitzer Prize, Pungy, Raid on Alexandria (Virginia), Ramsar Convention, Rappahannock River, Red drum, Red Kayak, Rhode Island, Ria, Riparian buffer, Roanoke Colony, Roanoke Island, Royal Navy, Ruppia maritima, Sabbatical: A Romance, Salinity, San Miguel de Gualdape, Sandy Point State Park, Sapelo Island, Scalloped hammerhead, Sciaenidae, Scientists Cliffs, Maryland, Sea level rise, Secchi disk, Sediment, Sei whale, Severn River (Maryland), Sewage treatment, Shad fishing, Shellfish, Side-scan sonar, Siege of Yorktown, Sir George Cockburn, 10th Baronet, Skipjack (boat), Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Solutrean, Solutrean hypothesis, South Carolina in the American Revolution, Spain, Spartina, Spiny dogfish, Steven Rinella, Stingray, Stormwater, Striped bass, Summer flounder, Surface runoff, Suspension bridge, Susquehanna River, Tangier, Virginia, Taxodium distichum, Terrapin, The Baltimore Sun, The Bay (film), The Boston Globe, The Capital, The Narrows, The Tidewater Tales, The Washington Post, Tide, Tiger shark, Tom Clancy, Tom Wisner, Total maximum daily load, Toxicity, Tributary, Turbidity, Underwater archaeology, United States, United States Army Corps of Engineers, United States Congress, United States Environmental Protection Agency, United States Geological Survey, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Urban runoff, Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, Virginia, Virginia Beach, Virginia, Virginia Company, Virginia Department of Health, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Virginia Marine Resources Commission, Walter Raleigh, War of 1812, Washington, D.C., Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route, Wastewater, Water pollution, Water quality, Waterman (occupation), Weather buoy, West Virginia, Whitaker Center for Science and the Arts, Wild rice, William W. Warner, Wilmington, Delaware, Winter flounder, Without Remorse, WTOP-FM, York River (Virginia), Yorktown (The World Turned Upside Down), Yorktown, Virginia, Zostera.

Chesapeake Bay, the Glossary

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