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Christian art, the Glossary

Christian art is sacred art which uses subjects, themes, and imagery from Christianity.^[1]

134 relations: Adoration of the Magi, Adoration of the Shepherds, Ancient Greek art, Ancient Roman sarcophagi, Andachtsbilder, Angels in art, Aniconism in Christianity, Aniconism in Islam, Aniconism in Judaism, Animals in Christian art, Annunciation, Archangel Michael in Christian art, Arma Christi, Arrest of Jesus, Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation, Ascension of Jesus in Christian art, Assumption of the Virgin Mary in art, Édouard Manet, Baptism of Jesus, Bologna, Byzantine art, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Iconoclasm, Catacombs of Rome, Catholic art, Catholic Church, Christ in Majesty, Christ Pantocrator, Christian culture, Christian media, Christian music, Christian poetry, Christian symbolism, Christianity, Classical mythology, Constantine the Great and Christianity, Constantinople, Coronation of the Virgin, Counter-Reformation, Crucifix, Crucifixion in the arts, Cult image, Depiction of Jesus, Descent from the Cross, Doom painting, Dormition of the Mother of God, Early Christian art and architecture, Eastern Orthodoxy, Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, Elisabeth Frink, ... Expand index (84 more) »
Religious art

Adoration of the Magi

The Adoration of the Magi or Adoration of the Kings or Visitation of the Wise Men is the name traditionally given to the subject in the Nativity of Jesus in art in which the three Magi, represented as kings, especially in the West, having found Jesus by following a star, lay before him gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh, and worship him.

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Adoration of the Shepherds

The Adoration of the Shepherds is an episode in the story of Jesus's nativity in which shepherds are near witnesses to his birth in Bethlehem, arriving soon after he is actually born.

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Ancient Greek art

Ancient Greek art stands out among that of other ancient cultures for its development of naturalistic but idealized depictions of the human body, in which largely nude male figures were generally the focus of innovation.

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Ancient Roman sarcophagi

In the burial practices of ancient Rome and Roman funerary art, marble and limestone sarcophagi elaborately carved in relief were characteristic of elite inhumation burials from the 2nd to the 4th centuries AD.

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Andachtsbilder

Andachtsbilder (singular Andachtsbild, German for devotional image) is a German term often used in English in art history for Christian devotional images designed as aids for prayer or contemplation.

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Angels in art

Angels have appeared in works of art since early Christian art, and they have been a popular subject for Byzantine and European paintings and sculpture.

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Aniconism in Christianity

Aniconism is the absence of material representations of the natural and supernatural world in various cultures.

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Aniconism in Islam

In some forms of Islamic art, aniconism stems in part from the prohibition of idolatry and in part from the belief that the creation of living forms is God's prerogative.

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Aniconism in Judaism

Aniconism in Judaism is widespread.

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Animals in Christian art

In Christian art, animal forms have at times occupied a place of importance.

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Annunciation

The Annunciation (from the Latin annuntiatio; also referred to as the Annunciation to the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Annunciation of Our Lady, or the Annunciation of the Lord; Ο Ευαγγελισμός της Θεοτόκου) is, according to the Gospel of Luke, the announcement made by the archangel Gabriel to Mary that she would conceive and bear a son through a virgin birth and become the mother of Jesus Christ, the Christian Messiah and Son of God, marking the Incarnation.

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Archangel Michael in Christian art

Archangel Michael may be depicted in Christian art alone or with other angels such as Gabriel or saints.

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Arma Christi

Arma Christi ("weapons of Christ"), or the Instruments of the Passion, are the objects associated with the Passion of Jesus Christ in Christian symbolism and art.

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Arrest of Jesus

The arrest of Jesus was a pivotal event in Christianity recorded in the canonical gospels.

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Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation

The Protestant Reformation during the 16th century in Europe almost entirely rejected the existing tradition of Catholic art, and very often destroyed as much of it as it could reach.

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Ascension of Jesus in Christian art

The Ascension of Jesus to Heaven as stated in the New Testament has been a frequent subject in Christian art, as well as a theme in theological writings.

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Assumption of the Virgin Mary in art

The Assumption of the Virgin Mary does not appear in the New Testament, but appears in apocryphal literature of the 3rd and 4th centuries, and by 1000 was widely believed in the Western Church, though not made formal Catholic dogma until 1950.

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Édouard Manet

Édouard Manet (23 January 1832 – 30 April 1883) was a French modernist painter.

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Baptism of Jesus

The baptism of Jesus, the ritual purification of Jesus with water by John the Baptist, was a major event described in the three synoptic Gospels of the New Testament (Matthew, Mark and Luke).

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Bologna

Bologna (Bulåggna; Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region, in northern Italy.

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Byzantine art

Byzantine art comprises the body of artistic products of the Eastern Roman Empire, as well as the nations and states that inherited culturally from the empire.

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Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

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Byzantine Iconoclasm

The Byzantine Iconoclasm (lit) were two periods in the history of the Byzantine Empire when the use of religious images or icons was opposed by religious and imperial authorities within the Ecumenical Patriarchate (at the time still comprising the Roman-Latin and the Eastern-Orthodox traditions) and the temporal imperial hierarchy.

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Catacombs of Rome

The Catacombs of Rome (Catacombe di Roma) are ancient catacombs, underground burial places in and around Rome, of which there are at least forty, some rediscovered only in recent decades.

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Catholic art

Catholic art is art produced by or for members of the Catholic Church.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Christ in Majesty

Christ in Majesty or Christ in Glory (Maiestas Domini) is the Western Christian image of Christ seated on a throne as ruler of the world, always seen frontally in the centre of the composition, and often flanked by other sacred figures, whose membership changes over time and according to the context.

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Christ Pantocrator

In Christian iconography, Christ Pantocrator (Χριστὸς Παντοκράτωρ) is a specific depiction of Christ.

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Christian culture

Christian culture generally includes all the cultural practices which have developed around the religion of Christianity.

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Christian media, alternatively referred to as inspirational, faith and family, or simply Christian, is a cross-media genre that features a Christian message or moral.

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Christian music

Christian music is music that has been written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life and faith.

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Christian poetry

Christian poetry is any poetry that contains Christian teachings, themes, or references.

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Christian symbolism

Christian symbolism is the use of symbols, including archetypes, acts, artwork or events, by Christianity.

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Christianity

Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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Classical mythology

Classical mythology, also known as Greco-Roman mythology or Greek and Roman mythology, is the collective body and study of myths from the ancient Greeks and ancient Romans.

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Constantine the Great and Christianity

During the reign of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great (306–337 AD), Christianity began to transition to the dominant religion of the Roman Empire.

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Constantinople

Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330.

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Coronation of the Virgin

The Coronation of the Virgin or Coronation of Mary is a subject in Christian art, especially popular in Italy in the 13th to 15th centuries, but continuing in popularity until the 18th century and beyond.

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Counter-Reformation

The Counter-Reformation, also sometimes called the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to, and as an alternative to, the Protestant Reformations at the time.

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Crucifix

A crucifix (from the Latin cruci fixus meaning '(one) fixed to a cross') is a cross with an image of Jesus on it, as distinct from a bare cross.

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Crucifixion in the arts

Crucifixions and crucifixes have appeared in the arts and popular culture from before the era of the pagan Roman Empire.

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Cult image

In the practice of religion, a cult image is a human-made object that is venerated or worshipped for the deity, spirit or daemon that it embodies or represents. Christian art and cult image are religious art.

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Depiction of Jesus

The depiction of Jesus in pictorial form dates back to early Christian art and architecture, as aniconism in Christianity was rejected within the ante-Nicene period.

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Descent from the Cross

The Descent from the Cross (Ἀποκαθήλωσις, Apokathelosis), or Deposition of Christ, is the scene, as depicted in art, from the Gospels' accounts of Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus taking Christ down from the cross after his crucifixion (John 19).

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Doom painting

A "Doom painting" or "Doom" is a traditional English term for a wall-painting of the Last Judgement in a medieval church.

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Dormition of the Mother of God

The Dormition of the Mother of God is a Great Feast of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Eastern Catholic Churches (except the East Syriac churches).

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Early Christian art and architecture

Early Christian art and architecture (or Paleochristian art) is the art produced by Christians, or under Christian patronage, from the earliest period of Christianity to, depending on the definition, sometime between 260 and 525.

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Eastern Orthodoxy

Eastern Orthodoxy, otherwise known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism.

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Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople

The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (translit,; Patriarchatus Oecumenicus Constantinopolitanus; Rum Ortodoks Patrikhanesi, İstanbul Ekümenik Patrikhanesi, "Roman Orthodox Patriarchate, Ecumenical Patriarchate") is one of the fifteen to seventeen autocephalous churches (or "jurisdictions") that together compose the Eastern Orthodox Church.

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Elisabeth Frink

Dame Elisabeth Jean Frink (14 November 1930 – 18 April 1993) was an English sculptor and printmaker.

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Eric Gill

Arthur Eric Rowton Gill (22 February 1882 – 17 November 1940) was an English sculptor, letter cutter, typeface designer, and printmaker.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Fall of Constantinople

The fall of Constantinople, also known as the conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire.

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Fall of the Western Roman Empire

The fall of the Western Roman Empire, also called the fall of the Roman Empire or the fall of Rome, was the loss of central political control in the Western Roman Empire, a process in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided between several successor polities.

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Georges Rouault

Georges-Henri Rouault (27 May 1871, Paris – 13 February 1958, Paris) was a French painter, draughtsman, and printmaker, whose work is often associated with Fauvism and Expressionism.

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God the Father in Western art

For about a thousand years, in obedience to interpretations of specific Bible passages, pictorial depictions of God in Western Christianity had been avoided by Christian artists.

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Gothic art

Gothic art was a style of medieval art that developed in Northern France out of Romanesque art in the 12th century AD, led by the concurrent development of Gothic architecture.

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Graham Sutherland

Graham Vivian Sutherland (24 August 1903 – 17 February 1980) was a prolific English artist.

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Hagia Sophia

Hagia Sophia ('Holy Wisdom'), officially the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque (Ayasofya-i Kebir Cami-i Şerifi), is a mosque and former church serving as a major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Hand of God (art)

The Hand of God, or Manus Dei in Latin, also known as Dextera domini/dei (the "right hand of God"), is a motif in Jewish and Christian art, especially of the Late Antique and Early Medieval periods, when depiction of Yahweh or God the Father as a full human figure was considered unacceptable.

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Hans Belting

Hans Belting (7 July 1935 – 10 January 2023) was a German art historian and media theorist with a focus on image science, and this with regard to contemporary art and to the Italian art of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

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Hellenistic Greece

Hellenistic Greece is the historical period of the country following Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the annexation of the classical Greek Achaean League heartlands by the Roman Republic.

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Henri Matisse

Henri Émile Benoît Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French visual artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship.

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Holy card

In the Christian tradition, holy cards or prayer cards are small, devotional pictures for the use of the faithful that usually depict a religious scene or a saint in an image about the size of a playing card.

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Holy Family

The Holy Family consists of the Child Jesus, the Virgin Mary and Saint Joseph.

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Holy Spirit in Christian art

The Holy Spirit has been represented in Christian art both in the Eastern and Western Churches using a variety of depictions.

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Holy Trinity Icon

The Holy Trinity is an important subject of icons in Eastern Orthodox Christianity, and has a rather different treatment from depictions in the Western Churches.

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Icon

An icon is a religious work of art, most commonly a painting, in the cultures of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Catholic churches.

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Iconoclasm

Iconoclasm (from Greek: label + label)From lit.

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Iconography

Iconography, as a branch of art history, studies the identification, description and interpretation of the content of images: the subjects depicted, the particular compositions and details used to do so, and other elements that are distinct from artistic style.

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Illuminated manuscript

An illuminated manuscript is a formally prepared document where the text is decorated with flourishes such as borders and miniature illustrations.

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Islamic influences on Western art

Islamic influences on Western art refers to the stylistic and formal influence of Islamic art, defined as the artistic production of the territories ruled by Muslims from the 7th century onward, on European Christian art. Christian art and Islamic influences on Western art are religious art.

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Jacob Epstein

Sir Jacob Epstein (10 November 1880 – 21 August 1959) was an American-British sculptor who helped pioneer modern sculpture.

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Jean Soldini

Jean Soldini (born 13 March 1956 in Lugano) is a Swiss and French philosopher, art historian and poet.

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Jesus

Jesus (AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and many other names and titles, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.

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John August Swanson

John August Swanson (January 11, 1938 – September 23, 2021) was an American visual artist who worked primarily in the medium of serigraphy, as well as oil, watercolor, acrylic, mixed media, lithography, and etching.

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Joseph Koerner

Joseph Leo Koerner (born June 17, 1958) is an American art historian and filmmaker.

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Kitsch

Kitsch (loanword from German) is a term applied to art and design that is perceived as naïve imitation, overly eccentric, gratuitous or of banal taste.

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Landscape painting

Landscape painting, also known as landscape art, is the depiction in painting of natural scenery such as mountains, valleys, rivers, trees, and forests, especially where the main subject is a wide view—with its elements arranged into a coherent composition.

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Larry D. Alexander

Larry Dell Alexander (born May 30, 1953) is an American artist, Christian author and Catechist from Dermott, Arkansas, in Chicot County.

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Last Supper (Cranach)

After Luther's objections to large public religious images had started to fade, Lucas Cranach the Elder, along with his son and workshop began to work on a number of altarpieces of the Last Supper, among other subjects.

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Last Supper in Christian art

The Last Supper of Jesus and the Twelve Apostles has been a popular subject in Christian art, often as part of a cycle showing the Life of Christ.

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Life of Christ in art

The life of Christ as a narrative cycle in Christian art comprises a number of different subjects showing events from the life of Jesus on Earth.

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Life of the Virgin

The Life of the Virgin, showing narrative scenes from the life of Mary, the mother of Jesus, is a common subject for pictorial cycles in Christian art, often complementing, or forming part of, a cycle on the Life of Christ.

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List of Catholic artists

This list of Catholic artists concerns artists known, at least in part, for their works of religious Catholic art.

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Lucas Cranach the Elder

Lucas Cranach the Elder (Lucas Cranach der Ältere; – 16 October 1553) was a German Renaissance painter and printmaker in woodcut and engraving.

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Lutheran art

Lutheran art consists of all religious art produced for Lutherans and the Lutheran churches.

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Madonna (art)

In art, a Madonna is a representation of Mary, either alone or with her child Jesus.

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Maestà

Maestà, the Italian word for "majesty", designates a classification of images of the enthroned Madonna with the child Jesus, the designation generally implying accompaniment by angels, saints, or both.

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Makoto Fujimura

Makoto Fujimura is an American artist.

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Marc Chagall

Marc Chagall (born Moishe Shagal; – 28 March 1985) was a Belarusian-French artist.

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Martin Luther

Martin Luther (10 November 1483– 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and Augustinian friar.

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Mary, mother of Jesus

Mary was a first-century Jewish woman of Nazareth, the wife of Joseph and the mother of Jesus.

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Medieval stained glass

Medieval stained glass is the coloured and painted glass of medieval Europe from the 10th century to the 16th century.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.

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Mihály Munkácsy

Mihály Munkácsy (20 February 1844 – 1 May 1900) was a Hungarian painter.

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Mosaic

A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface.

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Nativity of Jesus in art

The Nativity of Jesus has been a major subject of Christian art since the 4th century.

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Noli me tangere

Noli me tangere ('touch me not') is the Latin version of a phrase spoken, according to John 20:17, by Jesus to Mary Magdalene when she recognized him after His resurrection.

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Old Testament

The Old Testament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew and occasionally Aramaic writings by the Israelites.

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Orthodoxy

Orthodoxy (from Greek) is adherence to correct or accepted creeds, especially in religion.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

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Painting

Painting is a visual art, which is characterized by the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called the "matrix" or "support").

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Passion of Jesus

The Passion (from Latin patior, "to suffer, bear, endure") is the short final period before the death of Jesus, described in the four canonical gospels.

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Pietà

The Pietà (meaning "pity", "compassion") is a subject in Christian art depicting the Blessed Virgin Mary cradling the dead body of Jesus Christ after his Descent from the Cross.

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Plants in Christian iconography

In Christian iconography plants appear mainly as attributes on the pictures of Christ or the Virgin Mary.

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Portrait

A portrait is a painting, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person, in which the face is always predominant.

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Ralf van Bühren

Ralf van Bühren (born 3 February 1962) is a German art historian, architectural historian, church historian, and theologian.

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Reformed Christianity

Reformed Christianity, also called Calvinism, is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation, a schism in the Western Church.

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Relief

Relief is a sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces remain attached to a solid background of the same material.

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Religious art

Religious art is a visual representation of religious ideologies and their relationship with humans.

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Resurrection of Jesus

The resurrection of Jesus (anástasis toú Iēsoú) is the Christian belief that God raised Jesus from the dead on the third day after his crucifixion, starting – or restoring – his exalted life as Christ and Lord.

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Resurrection of Jesus in Christian art

The resurrection of Jesus has long been central to Christian faith and Christian art, whether as a single scene or as part of a cycle of the Life of Christ.

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Roman art

The art of Ancient Rome, and the territories of its Republic and later Empire, includes architecture, painting, sculpture and mosaic work.

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Rome

Rome (Italian and Roma) is the capital city of Italy.

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Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy

The Sacri Monti (plural of Sacro Monte, Italian for "Sacred Mountain") of Piedmont and Lombardy are a series of nine calvaries or groups of chapels and other architectural features created in northern Italy during the late sixteenth century and the seventeenth century.

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Saint symbolism

Symbolism of Christian saints has been used from the very beginnings of the religion.

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Salvador Dalí

Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, Marquess of Dalí of Púbol (11 May 190423 January 1989), known as Salvador Dalí, was a Spanish surrealist artist renowned for his technical skill, precise draftsmanship, and the striking and bizarre images in his work.

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Salvator Mundi

Globus Cruciger Salvator Mundi, Latin for Saviour of the World, is a subject in iconography depicting Christ with his right hand raised in blessing and his left hand holding an orb (frequently surmounted by a cross), known as a globus cruciger.

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Sanhedrin trial of Jesus

In the New Testament, the Sanhedrin trial of Jesus refers to the trial of Jesus before the Sanhedrin (a Jewish judicial body) following his arrest in Jerusalem and prior to the trial before Pontius Pilate.

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Sculpture

Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions.

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Shield of the Trinity

The Shield of the Trinity or Scutum Fidei (Latin for "shield of faith") is a traditional Christian visual symbol which expresses many aspects of the doctrine of the Trinity, summarizing the first part of the Athanasian Creed in a compact diagram.

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Stanley Spencer

Sir Stanley Spencer, CBE RA (30 June 1891 – 14 December 1959) was an English painter.

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Stations of the Cross

The Stations of the Cross or the Way of the Cross, also known as the Way of Sorrows or the Via Crucis, are a series of images depicting Jesus Christ on the day of his crucifixion and accompanying prayers.

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The Trinity in art

The Trinity is most commonly seen in Christian art with the Holy Spirit represented by a dove, as specified in the gospel accounts of the baptism of Christ; he is nearly always shown with wings outspread.

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Theological aesthetics

Theological aesthetics is the interdisciplinary study of theology and aesthetics, and has been defined as being "concerned with questions about God and issues in theology in the light of and perceived through sense knowledge (sensation, feeling, imagination), through beauty, and the arts".

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Theology of the Cross

The theology of the Cross (Latin: Theologia Crucis, Kreuzestheologie) or staurology (from Greek stauros: cross, and -logy: "the study of") is a term coined by the German theologian Martin Luther to refer to theology that posits "the cross" (that is, divine self-revelation) as the only source of knowledge concerning who God is and how God saves.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_art

Also known as Art in Christianity, Biblical painting, Christian artists, History of Christian art, Medieval Christian art, Painting, Religious, Religious Painting.

, Eric Gill, Europe, Fall of Constantinople, Fall of the Western Roman Empire, Georges Rouault, God the Father in Western art, Gothic art, Graham Sutherland, Hagia Sophia, Hand of God (art), Hans Belting, Hellenistic Greece, Henri Matisse, Holy card, Holy Family, Holy Spirit in Christian art, Holy Trinity Icon, Icon, Iconoclasm, Iconography, Illuminated manuscript, Islamic influences on Western art, Jacob Epstein, Jean Soldini, Jesus, John August Swanson, Joseph Koerner, Kitsch, Landscape painting, Larry D. Alexander, Last Supper (Cranach), Last Supper in Christian art, Life of Christ in art, Life of the Virgin, List of Catholic artists, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Lutheran art, Madonna (art), Maestà, Makoto Fujimura, Marc Chagall, Martin Luther, Mary, mother of Jesus, Medieval stained glass, Middle Ages, Mihály Munkácsy, Mosaic, Nativity of Jesus in art, Noli me tangere, Old Testament, Orthodoxy, Oxford University Press, Painting, Passion of Jesus, Pietà, Plants in Christian iconography, Portrait, Ralf van Bühren, Reformed Christianity, Relief, Religious art, Resurrection of Jesus, Resurrection of Jesus in Christian art, Roman art, Rome, Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy, Saint symbolism, Salvador Dalí, Salvator Mundi, Sanhedrin trial of Jesus, Sculpture, Shield of the Trinity, Stanley Spencer, Stations of the Cross, The Trinity in art, Theological aesthetics, Theology of the Cross, Thomas Blackshear, Thomas Kinkade, Titus Burckhardt, Tree of Jesse, Tristan Tzara, Western Roman Empire, William-Adolphe Bouguereau.

Christian art, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Religious art

References