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Chufut-Kale, the Glossary

Chufut-Kale (italic; Russian and Ukrainian: Чуфут-Кале - Chufut-Kale; Karaim: Кала - קלעה - Kala) is a medieval city-fortress in the Crimean Mountains that now lies in ruins.^[1]

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41 relations: Abraham Firkovich, Abulfeda, Adam Mickiewicz, Alans, Annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire, Bakhchysarai, Bakhchysarai Raion, Byzantine Empire, Crimea, Crimean Karaites, Crimean Khanate, Crimean Mountains, Fall of Constantinople, Golden Horde, Hacı I Giray, Hebrew language, Iranian languages, Jews, Karaim language, Karaite Judaism, Kenesa, Khazars, Konstantin Efetov, Krymchaks, Mangup, Mausoleum, Meñli I Giray, Middle Ages, Nogai Khan, Oblast, Principality of Theodoro, Raion, Russian language, Sarmatians, Seraya Shapshal, The Crimean Sonnets, Tokhtamysh, Turkish language, Ukrainian language, Valley of Ghosts (Crimea), 2nd century.
Bakhchysarai Raion
Crimean Karaites
Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Crimea
Former capitals of Crimea
Former populated places in Crimea
Forts in Russia
Forts in Ukraine
Ghost towns in Ukraine
Tourist attractions in Crimea

Abraham Firkovich

Abraham (Avraham) ben Samuel Firkovich (Hebrew - Avraham ben Shmuel; Karayce: Аврагъам Фиркович - Avragham Firkovich) (Sept. 27, 1786–June 7, 1874) was a famous Karaite writer and archaeologist, collector of ancient manuscripts, and a Karaite Hakham. Chufut-Kale and Abraham Firkovich are Crimean Karaites.

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Abulfeda

Ismāʿīl bin ʿAlī bin Maḥmūd bin Muḥammad bin ʿUmar bin Shāhanshāh bin Ayyūb bin Shādī bin Marwān (إسماعيل بن علي بن محمود بن محمد بن عمر بن شاهنشاه بن أيوب بن شادي بن مروان), better known as Abū al-Fidāʾ or Abulfeda (أبو الفداء; November 127327 October 1331), was a Mamluk-era Kurdish geographer, historian, Ayyubid prince and local governor of Hama.

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Adam Mickiewicz

Adam Bernard Mickiewicz (24 December 179826 November 1855) was a Polish poet, dramatist, essayist, publicist, translator and political activist.

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Alans

The Alans (Latin: Alani) were an ancient and medieval Iranic nomadic pastoral people who migrated to what is today North Caucasus – while some continued on to Europe and later North-Africa.

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Annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire

The territory of the Crimean Khanate was annexed by the Russian Empire on.

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Bakhchysarai

Bakhchysarai (Бахчисарай;; Bakhchisaray; Bahçesaray) is a city in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine. Chufut-Kale and Bakhchysarai are Bakhchysarai Raion and Former capitals of Crimea.

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Bakhchysarai Raion

Bakhchysarai Raion (Бахчисарайский район; Бахчисарайський район; Bağçasaray rayonı) is one of the 25 regions of Crimea, currently subject to a territorial dispute between the Russian Federation and Ukraine.

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Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

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Crimea

Crimea is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov.

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Crimean Karaites

The Crimean Karaites or Krymkaraylar (Crimean Karaim: Кърымкъарайлар, Qrımqaraylar, singular къарай, qaray; Trakai dialect: karajlar, singular karaj; קראי מזרח אירופה; Qaraylar), also known as Karaims and Qarays, are an ethnicity of Turkic-speaking adherents of Karaite Judaism in Central and Eastern Europe, especially in the territory of the old Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Crimea.

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Crimean Khanate

The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441–1783, the longest-lived of the Turkic khanates that succeeded the empire of the Golden Horde.

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Crimean Mountains

The Crimean Mountains or Yayla Mountains /jaɪːlə/, /jeɪːlæ/ are a range of mountains running parallel to the south-eastern coast of Crimea, between about from the sea.

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Fall of Constantinople

The fall of Constantinople, also known as the conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire.

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Golden Horde

The Golden Horde, self-designated as Ulug Ulus (in Kipchak Turkic), was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire.

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Hacı I Giray

Hacı I Giray (1397–1466) was the founder of the Crimean Khanate and the Giray dynasty of Crimea ruling from until his death in 1466.

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Hebrew language

Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.

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Iranian languages

The Iranian languages, also called the Iranic languages, are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family that are spoken natively by the Iranian peoples, predominantly in the Iranian Plateau.

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Jews

The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.

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Karaim language

The Karaim language (Crimean dialect: къарай тили, qaray tili; Trakai dialect: karaj tili), also known by its Hebrew name Lashon Kedar (Hebrew:, “language of the nomads") is a Turkic language belonging to the Kipchak group, with Hebrew influences, similarly to Yiddish or Judaeo-Spanish. Chufut-Kale and Karaim language are Crimean Karaites.

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Karaite Judaism

Karaite Judaism or Karaism is a non-Rabbinical Jewish sect and, in Eastern Europe, a separate Judaic ethno-religion characterized by the recognition of the written Tanakh alone as its supreme authority in halakha (Jewish religious law) and theology. Karaites believe that all of the divine commandments which were handed down to Moses by God were recorded in the written Torah without any additional Oral Law or explanation.

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Kenesa

A kenesa (Karaim: כְּנִיסָא kǝnîsāʾ) is an Eastern European or Persian Karaite synagogue.

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Khazars

The Khazars were a nomadic Turkic people that, in the late 6th-century CE, established a major commercial empire covering the southeastern section of modern European Russia, southern Ukraine, Crimea, and Kazakhstan.

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Konstantin Efetov

Konstantin Aleksandrovich Efetov (Костянти́н Олекса́ндрович Єфе́тов; Константи́н Алекса́ндрович Ефе́тов; born 18 July 1958) is a Ukrainian biologist and biochemist, Honored Scientist of Ukraine, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural History, Professor, Dr.

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Krymchaks

The Krymchaks (Krymchak: кърымчахлар,, кърымчах) are Jewish ethno-religious communities of Crimea derived from Turkic-speaking adherents of Rabbinic Judaism.

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Mangup

Mangup (Мангуп, Manhup, Mangup) also known as Mangup Kale (kale means "fortress" in Turkish) is a historic fortress in Crimea, located on a plateau about 13 kilometres east of Sevastopol (ancient Chersonesus). Chufut-Kale and Mangup are Bakhchysarai Raion, Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Crimea, Former populated places in Crimea and Tourist attractions in Crimea.

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Mausoleum

A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the burial chamber of a deceased person or people.

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Meñli I Giray

Meñli I Giray (also spelled Mengli I Giray; ۱منكلى كراى; 1445–1515) was the khan of the Crimean Khanate (1466, 1469–1475, 1478–1515) and the sixth son of Hacı I Giray.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.

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Nogai Khan

Nogai, or Noğay (also spelled Nogay, Nogaj, Nohai, Nokhai, Noqai, Ngoche, Noche, Kara Nokhai, and Isa Nogai; died 1299/1300) was a general and kingmaker of the Golden Horde.

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Oblast

An oblast (plural oblasts, oblasti, or rarely oblasty; Russian and oblast'; voblasc'; oblast; oblys; oblus) is a type of administrative division in Bulgaria and several post-Soviet states, including Belarus, Russia and Ukraine.

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Principality of Theodoro

The Principality of Theodoro (Αὐθεντία πόλεως Θεοδωροῦς καὶ παραθαλασσίας), also known as Gothia (Γοτθία) or the Principality of Theodoro-Mangup, was a Greek principality in the southern part of Crimea, specifically on the foothills of the Crimean Mountains.

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Raion

A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states.

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Russian language

Russian is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Russia.

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Sarmatians

The Sarmatians (Sarmatai; Latin: Sarmatae) were a large confederation of ancient Iranian equestrian nomadic peoples who dominated the Pontic steppe from about the 3rd century BC to the 4th century AD.

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Seraya Shapshal

Seraya Shapshal or His Excellency Hajji Seraya Khan Shapshal (Karaim: Серая Бен Мордехай Шапшал; Seraja Šapšalas; Seraj Szapszał; Серге́й Маркович Шапшал) (1873–1961) was a hakham and leader of the Crimean and then the Polish and Lithuanian Crimean Karaites (Karaim) community. Chufut-Kale and Seraya Shapshal are Crimean Karaites.

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The Crimean Sonnets

The Crimean Sonnets (Sonety krymskie) are a series of 18 Polish sonnets by Adam Mickiewicz, constituting an artistic telling of a journey through the Crimea.

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Tokhtamysh

Tokhtamysh (Turki/Kypchak and توقتمش; Тоқтамыс; translit; – 1406) was Khan (ruler) of the Golden Horde, who briefly succeeded in consolidating the Blue and White Hordes into a single polity.

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Turkish language

Turkish (Türkçe, Türk dili also Türkiye Türkçesi 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 90 to 100 million speakers.

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Ukrainian language

Ukrainian (label) is an East Slavic language of the Indo-European language family spoken primarily in Ukraine.

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Valley of Ghosts (Crimea)

The Valley of Ghosts (Долина привидений, Долина привидів, Hayalet vadiysi) is a valley located in Crimea made up of naturally shaped rocks on the Southern Demirci mountain, located near Alushta city. Chufut-Kale and valley of Ghosts (Crimea) are Tourist attractions in Crimea.

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