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Citrulline, the Glossary

Index Citrulline

The organic compound citrulline is an α-amino acid.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 42 relations: Aceglutamide, Amino acid, Ammonia, Arginine, Asymmetric dimethylarginine, Biomarker, Bromisoval, Carbamoyl phosphate, Carbromal, Chemical formula, Citrullination, Citrullinemia, Citrullus, Enterocyte, Enzyme, Fibrin, Filaggrin, Gastroenterology, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Histone, Inflammation, Japan, Latin, Myelin basic protein, N-Acetylaspartic acid, N-Acetylglutamic acid, Nitric oxide, Nitric oxide synthase, Organic compound, Ornithine, Pivagabine, Post-translational modification, Proline, Protein-arginine deiminase, Root sheath (hair), Second messenger system, Trichohyalin, University of Tokyo, Urea cycle, Vimentin, Watermelon.

  2. Non-proteinogenic amino acids

Aceglutamide

Aceglutamide (brand name Neuramina), or aceglutamide aluminium (brand name Glumal), also known as acetylglutamine, is a psychostimulant, nootropic, and antiulcer agent that is marketed in Spain and Japan. Citrulline and aceglutamide are Alpha-Amino acids.

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Amino acid

Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.

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Ammonia

Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula.

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Arginine

Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H2N)(HN)CN(H)(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H. Citrulline and Arginine are Alpha-Amino acids.

See Citrulline and Arginine

Asymmetric dimethylarginine

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a naturally occurring chemical found in blood plasma. Citrulline and Asymmetric dimethylarginine are Alpha-Amino acids.

See Citrulline and Asymmetric dimethylarginine

Biomarker

In biomedical contexts, a biomarker, or biological marker, is a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition. Citrulline and biomarker are biomarkers.

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Bromisoval

Bromisoval (INN), commonly known as bromovalerylurea, is a hypnotic and sedative of the bromoureide group discovered by Knoll in 1907 and patented in 1909.

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Carbamoyl phosphate

Carbamoyl phosphate is an anion of biochemical significance.

See Citrulline and Carbamoyl phosphate

Carbromal

Carbromal is a hypnotic/sedative originally synthesized in 1909 by Bayer and subsequently marketed as Adalin. Citrulline and Carbromal are ureas.

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Chemical formula

A chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and plus (+) and minus (−) signs.

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Citrullination

Citrullination or deimination is the conversion of the amino acid arginine in a protein into the amino acid citrulline.

See Citrulline and Citrullination

Citrullinemia

Citrullinemia is an autosomal recessive urea cycle disorder that causes ammonia and other toxic substances to accumulate in the blood.

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Citrullus

Citrullus is a genus of seven species of desert vines, among which Citrullus lanatus (the watermelon) is an important crop.

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Enterocyte

Enterocytes, or intestinal absorptive cells, are simple columnar epithelial cells which line the inner surface of the small and large intestines.

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Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.

See Citrulline and Enzyme

Fibrin

Fibrin (also called Factor Ia) is a fibrous, non-globular protein involved in the clotting of blood.

See Citrulline and Fibrin

Filaggrin

Filaggrin (filament aggregating protein) is a filament-associated protein that binds to keratin fibers in epithelial cells.

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Gastroenterology

Gastroenterology (from the Greek gastḗr- "belly", -énteron "intestine", and -logía "study of") is the branch of medicine focused on the digestive system and its disorders.

See Citrulline and Gastroenterology

Glutamic acid

Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E; the anionic form is known as glutamate) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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Glutamine

Glutamine (symbol Gln or Q) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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Histone

In biology, histones are highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei and in most Archaeal phyla.

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Inflammation

Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.

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Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland.

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Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Myelin basic protein

Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a protein believed to be important in the process of myelination of nerves in the nervous system.

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N-Acetylaspartic acid

N-Acetylaspartic acid, or N-acetylaspartate (NAA), is a derivative of aspartic acid with a formula of C6H9NO5 and a molecular weight of 175.139.

See Citrulline and N-Acetylaspartic acid

N-Acetylglutamic acid

N-Acetylglutamic acid (also referred to as N-acetylglutamate, abbreviated NAG, chemical formula C7H11NO5) is biosynthesized from glutamate and acetylornithine by ornithine acetyltransferase, and from glutamic acid and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme ''N''-acetylglutamate synthase.

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Nitric oxide

Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula.

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Nitric oxide synthase

Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine.

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Organic compound

Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon.

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Ornithine

Ornithine is a non-proteinogenic α-amino acid that plays a role in the urea cycle. Citrulline and Ornithine are Alpha-Amino acids and non-proteinogenic amino acids.

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Pivagabine

Pivagabine (INN; brand name Tonerg), also known as N-pivaloyl-γ-aminobutyric acid or N-pivaloyl-GABA, is an antidepressant and anxiolytic drug which was introduced in Italy in 1997 for the treatment of depressive and maladaptive syndromes.

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Post-translational modification

In molecular biology, post-translational modification (PTM) is the covalent process of changing proteins following protein biosynthesis.

See Citrulline and Post-translational modification

Proline

Proline (symbol Pro or P) is an organic acid classed as a proteinogenic amino acid (used in the biosynthesis of proteins), although it does not contain the amino group but is rather a secondary amine. Citrulline and Proline are Alpha-Amino acids.

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Protein-arginine deiminase

In enzymology, a protein-arginine deiminase is an enzyme that catalyzes a form of post translational modification called arginine de-imination or citrullination: Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are protein L-arginine (arginine residue inside a protein) and H2O, whereas its two products are protein L-citrulline and NH3: This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amidines.

See Citrulline and Protein-arginine deiminase

Root sheath (hair)

The inner or epidermic coat of the hair follicle is closely adherent to the root of the hair, and consists of two strata named respectively the outer and inner root sheaths.

See Citrulline and Root sheath (hair)

Second messenger system

Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules—the first messengers.

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Trichohyalin

Trichohyalin is a protein that in mammals is encoded by the TCHH gene.

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University of Tokyo

The University of Tokyo (abbreviated as Tōdai (東大) in Japanese and UTokyo in English) is a public research university in Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan.

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Urea cycle

The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions that produces urea (NH2)2CO from ammonia (NH3).

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Vimentin

Vimentin is a structural protein that in humans is encoded by the VIM gene.

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Watermelon

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a flowering plant species of the Cucurbitaceae family and the name of its edible fruit.

See Citrulline and Watermelon

See also

Non-proteinogenic amino acids

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrulline

Also known as 2-Amino-5-(carbamoylamino)pentanoic acid, C6H13N3O3, Citrullene, Citrulline malate, L-citrulline, Stimol.