Colistin, the Glossary
Colistin, also known as polymyxin E, is an antibiotic medication used as a last-resort treatment for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections including pneumonia.[1]
Table of Contents
85 relations: Acinetobacter, Acinetobacter baumannii, Adenylylation, Adrenergic receptor, Aeromonas, Aminoglycoside, Anaphylaxis, Antibiotic, Antimicrobial peptides, Bacterial outer membrane, Bactericide, Biofilm, British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Bronchoconstriction, Bronchospasm, Brucella, Burkholderia cepacia complex, Carbapenem, Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, Cell membrane, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Chryseobacterium indologenes, Clostridioides difficile infection, Condensation domain, Cystic fibrosis, Drug of last resort, Edwardsiella (bacterium), Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, Epimer, Escherichia coli, European Medicines Agency, Functional group, Fusobacterium, Generic drug, Health Canada, Helicobacter pylori, Heteroresistance, Hydrophile, Intramuscular injection, Intravenous therapy, Ion, Kidney failure, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Large intestine, Leucine, Lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase, Lipophilicity, Lipopolysaccharide, Lysozyme, MCR-1, ... Expand index (35 more) »
- Decapeptides
- Polymyxin antibiotics
- Polypeptide antibiotics
Acinetobacter
Acinetobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the wider class of Gammaproteobacteria.
See Colistin and Acinetobacter
Acinetobacter baumannii
Acinetobacter baumannii is a typically short, almost round, rod-shaped (coccobacillus) Gram-negative bacterium.
See Colistin and Acinetobacter baumannii
Adenylylation
Adenylylation, more commonly known as AMPylation, is a process in which an adenosine monophosphate (AMP) molecule is covalently attached to the amino acid side chain of a protein.
See Colistin and Adenylylation
Adrenergic receptor
The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) produced by the body, but also many medications like beta blockers, beta-2 (β2) agonists and alpha-2 (α2) agonists, which are used to treat high blood pressure and asthma, for example.
See Colistin and Adrenergic receptor
Aeromonas
Aeromonas is a genus of Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, bacteria that morphologically resemble members of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
Aminoglycoside
Aminoglycoside is a medicinal and bacteriologic category of traditional Gram-negative antibacterial medications that inhibit protein synthesis and contain as a portion of the molecule an amino-modified glycoside (sugar).
See Colistin and Aminoglycoside
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis (Greek: ana- ‘against’ + phylaxis ‘guarding’) is a serious, potentially fatal allergic reaction and medical emergency that is rapid in onset and requires immediate medical attention regardless of the use of emergency medication on site.
Antibiotic
An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria.
Antimicrobial peptides
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defence peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life.
See Colistin and Antimicrobial peptides
Bacterial outer membrane
The bacterial outer membrane is found in gram-negative bacteria.
See Colistin and Bacterial outer membrane
Bactericide
A bactericide or bacteriocide, sometimes abbreviated Bcidal, is a substance which kills bacteria.
Biofilm
A biofilm is a syntrophic community of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface.
British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) is a UK-based multi-professional organisation committed to preventing infectious diseases and tackling the growing threat of drug-resistant infections – one of the one of the top global public health and development threats.
See Colistin and British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Bronchoconstriction
Bronchoconstriction is the constriction of the airways in the lungs due to the tightening of surrounding smooth muscle, with consequent coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.
See Colistin and Bronchoconstriction
Bronchospasm
Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles.
Brucella
Brucella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, named after David Bruce (1855–1931).
Burkholderia cepacia complex
Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is a species complex consisting of Burkholderia cepacia and at least 20 different biochemically similar species of Gram-negative bacteria.
See Colistin and Burkholderia cepacia complex
Carbapenem
Carbapenems are a class of very effective antibiotic agents most commonly used for treatment of severe bacterial infections.
Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide
Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) is an antimicrobial peptide encoded in the human by the CAMP gene.
See Colistin and Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
See Colistin and Cell membrane
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by long-term respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation.
See Colistin and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chryseobacterium indologenes
Chryseobacterium indologenes is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacteria from the genus Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a human.
See Colistin and Chryseobacterium indologenes
Clostridioides difficile infection
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI or C-diff), also known as Clostridium difficile infection, is a symptomatic infection due to the spore-forming bacterium Clostridioides difficile.
See Colistin and Clostridioides difficile infection
Condensation domain
In molecular biology, the condensation domain is a protein domain found in many multi-domain enzymes which synthesise peptide antibiotics.
See Colistin and Condensation domain
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive manner that impairs the normal clearance of mucus from the lungs, which facilitates the colonization and infection of the lungs by bacteria, notably Staphylococcus aureus.
See Colistin and Cystic fibrosis
Drug of last resort
A drug of last resort (DoLR), also known as a heroic dose, is a pharmaceutical drug which is tried after all other drug options have failed to produce an adequate response in the patient.
See Colistin and Drug of last resort
Edwardsiella (bacterium)
Edwardsiella is a genus of gram-negative, fermentative bacteria of the family Hafniaceae.
See Colistin and Edwardsiella (bacterium)
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium widely distributed in nature (e.g. fresh water, salt water, or soil).
See Colistin and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
Epimer
In stereochemistry, an epimer is one of a pair of diastereomers.
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coliWells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary.
See Colistin and Escherichia coli
European Medicines Agency
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is an agency of the European Union (EU) in charge of the evaluation and supervision of pharmaceutical products.
See Colistin and European Medicines Agency
Functional group
In organic chemistry, a functional group is a substituent or moiety in a molecule that causes the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions.
See Colistin and Functional group
Fusobacterium
Fusobacterium is a genus of obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative, non-sporeforming bacteria belonging to Gracilicutes.
See Colistin and Fusobacterium
Generic drug
A generic drug (or simply generic) is a pharmaceutical drug that contains the same chemical substance as a drug that was originally protected by chemical patents.
Health Canada
Health Canada (HC; Santé Canada, SC)Health Canada is the applied title under the Federal Identity Program; the legal title is Department of Health.
See Colistin and Health Canada
Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori, previously known as Campylobacter pylori, is a gram-negative, flagellated, helical bacterium.
See Colistin and Helicobacter pylori
Heteroresistance
Heteroresistance is a phenotype in which a bacterial isolate contains sub-populations of cells with increased antibiotic resistance when compared with the susceptible main population.
See Colistin and Heteroresistance
Hydrophile
A hydrophile is a molecule or other molecular entity that is attracted to water molecules and tends to be dissolved by water.
Intramuscular injection
Intramuscular injection, often abbreviated IM, is the injection of a substance into a muscle.
See Colistin and Intramuscular injection
Intravenous therapy
Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.
See Colistin and Intravenous therapy
Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge.
See Colistin and Ion
Kidney failure
Kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. Kidney failure is classified as either acute kidney failure, which develops rapidly and may resolve; and chronic kidney failure, which develops slowly and can often be irreversible.
See Colistin and Kidney failure
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.
See Colistin and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Large intestine
The large intestine, also known as the large bowel, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system in tetrapods.
See Colistin and Large intestine
Leucine
Leucine (symbol Leu or L) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
Lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase
Lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase (EC 2.7.8.43, lipid A PEA transferase, LptA, formerly EC 2.7.4.30) is an enzyme that modifies Lipid A by linkage to a phosphoethanolamine moiety.
See Colistin and Lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase
Lipophilicity
Lipophilicity (from Greek λίπος "fat" and φίλος "friendly") is the ability of a chemical compound to dissolve in fats, oils, lipids, and non-polar solvents such as hexane or toluene.
See Colistin and Lipophilicity
Lipopolysaccharide
Lipopolysaccharide, now more commonly known as Endotoxin, is a collective term for components of the outermost membrane of cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli and Salmonella.
See Colistin and Lipopolysaccharide
Lysozyme
Lysozyme (muramidase, N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase; systematic name peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase) is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system.
MCR-1
The mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) gene confers plasmid-mediated resistance to colistin, one of a number of last-resort antibiotics for treating Gram-negative infections.
Meningitis
Meningitis is acute or chronic inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, collectively called the meninges.
Minimum inhibitory concentration
In microbiology, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration of a chemical, usually a drug, which prevents visible in vitro growth of bacteria or fungi.
See Colistin and Minimum inhibitory concentration
Moraxella catarrhalis
Moraxella catarrhalis is a fastidious, nonmotile, Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus that can cause infections of the respiratory system, middle ear, eye, central nervous system, and joints of humans.
See Colistin and Moraxella catarrhalis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as gonococcus (singular) or gonococci (plural), is a species of Gram-negative diplococci bacteria isolated by Albert Neisser in 1879.
See Colistin and Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as the meningococcus, is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life-threatening sepsis.
See Colistin and Neisseria meningitidis
Nephrotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys.
See Colistin and Nephrotoxicity
Neurological disorder
A neurological disorder is any disorder of the nervous system.
See Colistin and Neurological disorder
Neurotoxicity
Neurotoxicity is a form of toxicity in which a biological, chemical, or physical agent produces an adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system.
See Colistin and Neurotoxicity
Oral administration
| name.
See Colistin and Oral administration
Paenibacillus
Paenibacillus is a genus of facultative anaerobic, endospore-forming bacteria, originally included within the genus Bacillus and then reclassified as a separate genus in 1993.
See Colistin and Paenibacillus
Paenibacillus polymyxa
Paenibacillus polymyxa, also known as Bacillus polymyxa, is a Gram-positive bacterium capable of fixing nitrogen.
See Colistin and Paenibacillus polymyxa
Pathogenic bacteria
Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease.
See Colistin and Pathogenic bacteria
Pilus
A pilus (Latin for 'hair';: pili) is a hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria and archaea.
Plasmid
A plasmid is a small, extrachromosomal DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.
Polymyxin
Polymyxins are antibiotics. Colistin and Polymyxin are Polymyxin antibiotics and Polypeptide antibiotics.
Pregnancy
Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring develops (gestates) inside a woman's uterus (womb).
Prevotella
Prevotella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria.
Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug.
Proteus (bacterium)
Proteus is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria.
See Colistin and Proteus (bacterium)
Providencia (bacterium)
Providencia is genus of Gram-negative, motile bacteria of the family Morganellaceae.
See Colistin and Providencia (bacterium)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common encapsulated, Gram-negative, aerobic–facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause disease in plants and animals, including humans.
See Colistin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Quorum sensing
In biology, quorum sensing or quorum signaling (QS) is the process of cell-to-cell communication that allows bacteria to detect and respond to cell population density by gene regulation, typically as a means of acclimating to environmental disadvantages.
See Colistin and Quorum sensing
Rifampicin
Rifampicin, also known as rifampin, is an ansamycin antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis (TB), ''Mycobacterium avium'' complex, leprosy, and Legionnaires' disease.
Salbutamol
Salbutamol, also known as albuterol and sold under the brand name Ventolin among others, is a medication that opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs.
Serratia
Serratia is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, Gram-negative bacterium.
See Colistin and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
The Times of India
The Times of India, also known by its abbreviation TOI, is an Indian English-language daily newspaper and digital news media owned and managed by The Times Group.
See Colistin and The Times of India
Thioesterase
In biochemistry, thioesterases are enzymes which belong to the esterase family.
Threonine
Threonine (symbol Thr or T) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
Topical medication
A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body.
See Colistin and Topical medication
Ventriculitis
Ventriculitis is the inflammation of the ventricles in the brain.
See Colistin and Ventriculitis
Vibrio
Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, possessing a curved-rod (comma) shape, several species of which can cause foodborne infection or soft-tissue infection called Vibriosis.
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (aka Essential Medicines List or EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system.
See Colistin and WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
Xellia
Xellia ApS is a Danish multinational pharmaceutical and life sciences company headquartered in Copenhagen specialized in the production of anti-biotics, including Vancomycin and Bacitracin.
See also
Decapeptides
- Α-Neoendorphin
- Angiotensin
- Antamanide
- Azagly-nafarelin
- Cetrorelix
- Colistin
- Degarelix
- GNRH2
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
- Goserelin
- Kallidin
- Nafarelin
- Neurokinin B
- Peforelin
- Triptorelin
- Tyrocidine
Polymyxin antibiotics
- Colistin
- Polymyxin
- Polymyxin B
- Trimethoprim/polymyxin
Polypeptide antibiotics
- Alamethicin
- Antiamoebin
- Arylomycin
- Arylomycin A2
- Bacillomycin
- Bacitracin
- Capreomycin
- Colistin
- Copsin
- Dactinomycin
- Daptomycin
- Darobactin
- Enramycin
- Enviomycin
- Gramicidin
- Gramicidin B
- Murepavadin
- Neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin
- Polymyxin
- Polymyxin B
- Polypeptide antibiotic
- Surfactin
- Teixobactin
- Tyrocidine
- Tyrothricin
- Viomycin
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colistin
Also known as ATC code A07AA10, ATC code J01XB01, ATCvet code QA07AA10, ATCvet code QJ01XB01, ATCvet code QJ51XB01, C52H98N16O13, Colimycin, Colistimethate, Colistimethate Sodium, Colistin sulfate, Colistin sulfomethate sodium, Colobreathe, Colomycin, Coly-Mycin, Coly-Mycin M, Coly-mycin S, Polymyxin E, Polymyxin E sulfate, Polymyxin E. Sulfate.
, Meningitis, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Nephrotoxicity, Neurological disorder, Neurotoxicity, Oral administration, Paenibacillus, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Pathogenic bacteria, Pilus, Plasmid, Pneumonia, Polymyxin, Pregnancy, Prevotella, Prodrug, Proteus (bacterium), Providencia (bacterium), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Quorum sensing, Rifampicin, Salbutamol, Serratia, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, The Times of India, Thioesterase, Threonine, Topical medication, Ventriculitis, Vibrio, WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, Xellia.