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Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9, the Glossary

Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 (formally designated D/1993 F2) was a comet that broke apart in July 1992 and collided with Jupiter in July 1994, providing the first direct observation of an extraterrestrial collision of Solar System objects.^[1]

121 relations: Ammonia, Antipodal point, Apsis, Asteroid, Asteroid belt, Astrobiology (journal), Astronomer, Astronomical object, Astronomical spectroscopy, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astrophysics and Space Science, Atmosphere of Jupiter, Atom, Aurora, Bar (unit), Black body, Bolide, Brian G. Marsden, California, Callisto (moon), Cambridge University Press, Carbon disulfide, Carolyn S. Shoemaker, Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams, Chicxulub crater, Collision, Comet, Comet Hyakutake, Comet nucleus, Coordinated Universal Time, Crater chain, Cretaceous, Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, David H. Levy, Degree (angle), Density, Dinosaur, Disulfur, Eleanor F. Helin, Electron, Ellipse, Escape velocity, Eugene Merle Shoemaker, Galileo (spacecraft), Ganymede (moon), Giant planet, Great Red Spot, Hertz, Hill sphere, Hubble Space Telescope, ... Expand index (71 more) »
1994 in science
Astronomical objects discovered in 1993
Collision
Destroyed comets
Discoveries by David H. Levy
Jupiter impact events
Predicted impact events

Ammonia

Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula.

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Antipodal point

In mathematics, two points of a sphere (or n-sphere, including a circle) are called antipodal or diametrically opposite if they are the endpoints of a diameter, a straight line segment between two points on a sphere and passing through its center.

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Apsis

An apsis is the farthest or nearest point in the orbit of a planetary body about its primary body.

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Asteroid

An asteroid is a minor planet—an object that is neither a true planet nor an identified comet— that orbits within the inner Solar System.

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Asteroid belt

The asteroid belt is a torus-shaped region in the Solar System, centered on the Sun and roughly spanning the space between the orbits of the planets Jupiter and Mars.

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Astrobiology (journal)

Astrobiology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the origin, evolution, distribution and future of life across the universe.

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Astronomer

An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth.

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Astronomical object

An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly body is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the observable universe.

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Astronomical spectroscopy

Astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, infrared and radio waves that radiate from stars and other celestial objects.

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Astronomy & Astrophysics

Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering theoretical, observational, and instrumental astronomy and astrophysics.

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Astrophysics and Space Science

Astrophysics and Space Science is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering astronomy, astrophysics, and space science and astrophysical aspects of astrobiology.

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Atmosphere of Jupiter

The atmosphere of Jupiter is the largest planetary atmosphere in the Solar System.

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Atom

Atoms are the basic particles of the chemical elements.

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Aurora

An aurora (aurorae or auroras), also commonly known as the northern lights (aurora borealis) or southern lights (aurora australis), is a natural light display in Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic).

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Bar (unit)

The bar is a metric unit of pressure defined as 100,000 Pa (100 kPa), though not part of the International System of Units (SI).

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Black body

A black body or blackbody is an idealized physical body that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation, regardless of frequency or angle of incidence.

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Bolide

A bolide is normally taken to mean an exceptionally bright meteor, but the term is subject to more than one definition, according to context.

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Brian G. Marsden

Brian Geoffrey Marsden (5 August 1937 – 18 November 2010) was a British astronomer and the longtime director of the Minor Planet Center (MPC) at the Center for Astrophysics ! Harvard & Smithsonian (director emeritus from 2006 to 2010).

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California

California is a state in the Western United States, lying on the American Pacific Coast.

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Callisto (moon)

Callisto, or Jupiter IV, is the second-largest moon of Jupiter, after Ganymede.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

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Carbon disulfide

Carbon disulfide (also spelled as carbon disulphide) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula and structure.

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Carolyn S. Shoemaker

Carolyn Jean Spellmann Shoemaker (June 24, 1929 – August 13, 2021) was an American astronomer and a co-discoverer of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9. Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 and Carolyn S. Shoemaker are Discoveries by Carolyn S. Shoemaker.

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Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams

The Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams (CBAT) is the official international clearing house for information relating to transient astronomical events.

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Chicxulub crater

The Chicxulub crater is an impact crater buried underneath the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico.

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Collision

In physics, a collision is any event in which two or more bodies exert forces on each other in a relatively short time.

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Comet

A comet is an icy, small Solar System body that warms and begins to release gases when passing close to the Sun, a process called outgassing.

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Comet Hyakutake

Comet Hyakutake (formally designated C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)) is a comet discovered on 31 January 1996.

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Comet nucleus

The nucleus is the solid, central part of a comet, formerly termed a dirty snowball or an icy dirtball.

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Coordinated Universal Time

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the primary time standard globally used to regulate clocks and time.

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Crater chain

A crater chain is a line of craters along the surface of an astronomical body.

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Cretaceous

The Cretaceous is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya).

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Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event

The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event, also known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction, was the mass extinction of three-quarters of the plant and animal species on Earth approximately 66 million years ago.

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David H. Levy

David Howard Levy (born May 22, 1948) is a Canadian amateur astronomer, science writer and discoverer of comets and minor planets, who co-discovered Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 in 1993, which collided with the planet Jupiter in 1994. Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 and David H. Levy are Discoveries by David H. Levy.

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Degree (angle)

A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually denoted by ° (the degree symbol), is a measurement of a plane angle in which one full rotation is 360 degrees.

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Density

Density (volumetric mass density or specific mass) is a substance's mass per unit of volume.

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Dinosaur

Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria.

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Disulfur

Disulfur is the diatomic molecule with the formula S2.

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Eleanor F. Helin

Eleanor Francis "Glo" Helin (née Francis, 19 November 1932 – 25 January 2009) was an American astronomer.

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Electron

The electron (or in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge.

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Ellipse

In mathematics, an ellipse is a plane curve surrounding two focal points, such that for all points on the curve, the sum of the two distances to the focal points is a constant.

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Escape velocity

In celestial mechanics, escape velocity or escape speed is the minimum speed needed for an object to escape from contact with or orbit of a primary body, assuming.

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Eugene Merle Shoemaker

Eugene Merle Shoemaker (April 28, 1928 – July 18, 1997) was an American geologist. Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 and Eugene Merle Shoemaker are Discoveries by Eugene Merle Shoemaker.

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Galileo (spacecraft)

Galileo was an American robotic space probe that studied the planet Jupiter and its moons, as well as the asteroids Gaspra and Ida.

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Ganymede (moon)

Ganymede, or Jupiter III, is the largest and most massive natural satellite of Jupiter and in the Solar System.

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Giant planet

A giant planet, sometimes referred to as a jovian planet (Jove being another name for the Roman god Jupiter), is a diverse type of planet much larger than Earth.

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Great Red Spot

The Great Red Spot is a persistent high-pressure region in the atmosphere of Jupiter, producing an anticyclonic storm that is the largest in the Solar System.

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Hertz

The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), equivalent to one event (or cycle) per second.

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Hill sphere

The Hill sphere is a common model for the calculation of a gravitational sphere of influence.

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Hubble Space Telescope

The Hubble Space Telescope (often referred to as HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation.

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Hydrogen sulfide

Hydrogen sulfide is a chemical compound with the formula.

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Ian Morison

Ian Morison FRAS (22 November 1943 – 13 April 2024) was a British astronomer and astrophysicist who served as the 35th Gresham Professor of Astronomy.

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IAU Circular

The International Astronomical Union Circulars (IAUCs) are notices that give information about astronomical phenomena.

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Icarus (journal)

ICARUS is a scientific journal dedicated to the field of planetary science.

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Impact events on Jupiter

In modern times, numerous impact events on Jupiter have been observed, the most significant of which was the collision of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 in 1994. Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 and impact events on Jupiter are Jupiter impact events.

See Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 and Impact events on Jupiter

International Journal of Astrobiology

The International Journal of Astrobiology (IJA) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 2002 and published by Cambridge University Press that covers research on the prebiotic chemistry, origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life on Earth and beyond, SETI (Search for extraterrestrial intelligence), societal and educational aspects of astrobiology.

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Io (moon)

Io, or Jupiter I, is the innermost and second-smallest of the four Galilean moons of the planet Jupiter.

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Iron

Iron is a chemical element.

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Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC) in La Cañada Flintridge, California, Crescenta Valley, United States.

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Jupiter

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System.

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Jupiter barrier

The Jupiter barrier is a region of the Solar System characterized by the gravitational influence of Jupiter on passing interstellar and in-system objects.

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Kin Endate

is a Japanese amateur astronomer who has discovered hundreds of asteroids, most of them in collaboration with Kazuro Watanabe, placing him among the most prolific discoverers of minor planets.

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List of Jupiter events

In recorded history, the planet Jupiter has experienced impact events and has been probed and photographed by several spacecraft.

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Magnesium

Magnesium is a chemical element; it has symbol Mg and atomic number 12.

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Magnetic field

A magnetic field (sometimes called B-field) is a physical field that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials.

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Magnetosphere

In astronomy and planetary science, a magnetosphere is a region of space surrounding an astronomical object in which charged particles are affected by that object's magnetic field.

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Meteor air burst

A meteor air burst is a type of air burst in which a meteoroid explodes after entering a planetary body's atmosphere.

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Meteoroid

A meteoroid is a small rocky or metallic body in outer space.

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Metis (moon)

Metis, also known as, is the innermost known moon of Jupiter.

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Minute and second of arc

A minute of arc, arcminute (arcmin), arc minute, or minute arc, denoted by the symbol, is a unit of angular measurement equal to of one degree.

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Molecule

A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion.

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Moon

The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.

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Naming of comets

Comets have been observed for over 2,000 years.

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NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive

The NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive (NSSDCA) serves as the permanent archive for NASA space science mission data.

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Near-Earth object

A near-Earth object (NEO) is any small Solar System body orbiting the Sun whose closest approach to the Sun (perihelion) is less than 1.3 times the Earth–Sun distance (astronomical unit, AU).

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Neptune

Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun.

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Orbital eccentricity

In astrodynamics, the orbital eccentricity of an astronomical object is a dimensionless parameter that determines the amount by which its orbit around another body deviates from a perfect circle.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element; it has symbol O and atomic number 8.

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Palomar Observatory

Palomar Observatory is an astronomical research observatory in the Palomar Mountains of San Diego County, California, United States.

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Pascal (unit)

The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI).

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Perturbation (astronomy)

In astronomy, perturbation is the complex motion of a massive body subjected to forces other than the gravitational attraction of a single other massive body.

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Precovery

In astronomy, precovery (short for pre-discovery recovery) is the process of finding the image of an object in images or photographic plates predating its discovery, typically for the purpose of calculating a more accurate orbit.

See Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 and Precovery

Rare Earth hypothesis

In planetary astronomy and astrobiology, the Rare Earth hypothesis argues that the origin of life and the evolution of biological complexity, such as sexually reproducing, multicellular organisms on Earth, and subsequently human intelligence, required an improbable combination of astrophysical and geological events and circumstances.

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Rings of Jupiter

The planet Jupiter has a system of faint planetary rings.

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Roche limit

In celestial mechanics, the Roche limit, also called Roche radius, is the distance from a celestial body within which a second celestial body, held together only by its own force of gravity, will disintegrate because the first body's tidal forces exceed the second body's self-gravitation.

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ROSAT

ROSAT (short for Röntgensatellit; in German X-rays are called Röntgenstrahlen, in honour of Wilhelm Röntgen) was a German Aerospace Center-led satellite X-ray telescope, with instruments built by West Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States.

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Rotational frequency

Rotational frequency, also known as rotational speed or rate of rotation (symbols ν, lowercase Greek nu, and also n), is the frequency of rotation of an object around an axis.

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Satellite

A satellite or artificial satellite is an object, typically a spacecraft, placed into orbit around a celestial body.

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Satoru Otomo

is a Japanese dentist, amateur astronomer and a discoverer of minor planets.

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Schmidt camera

A Schmidt camera, also referred to as the Schmidt telescope, is a catadioptric astrophotographic telescope designed to provide wide fields of view with limited aberrations.

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Seismology

Seismology (from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós) meaning "earthquake" and -λογία (-logía) meaning "study of") is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or other planetary bodies.

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Shock wave

In physics, a shock wave (also spelled shockwave), or shock, is a type of propagating disturbance that moves faster than the local speed of sound in the medium.

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Silicon

Silicon is a chemical element; it has symbol Si and atomic number 14.

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Solar System

The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies.

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Solar wind

The solar wind is a stream of charged particles released from the Sun's outermost atmospheric layer, the corona.

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Space.com

Space.com is an online publication focused on space exploration, astronomy, skywatching and entertainment, with editorial teams based in the United States and United Kingdom.

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Spectral line

A spectral line is a weaker or stronger region in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum.

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Stephen F. Austin State University

Stephen F. Austin State University (SFASU or SFA) is a public university in Nacogdoches, Texas.

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Stratosphere

The stratosphere is the second-lowest layer of the atmosphere of Earth, located above the troposphere and below the mesosphere.

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Students for the Exploration and Development of Space

Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS) is a non-profit international student organization whose purpose is to drive space advocacy of space exploration and development through educational and engineering projects.

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Sulfur dioxide

Sulfur dioxide (IUPAC-recommended spelling) or sulphur dioxide (traditional Commonwealth English) is the chemical compound with the formula.

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Sun

The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

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Synchrotron radiation

Synchrotron radiation (also known as magnetobremsstrahlung radiation) is the electromagnetic radiation emitted when relativistic charged particles are subject to an acceleration perpendicular to their velocity.

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Texas A&M University

Texas A&M University (Texas A&M, A&M, or TAMU) is a public, land-grant, research university in College Station, Texas.

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Theory of relativity

The theory of relativity usually encompasses two interrelated physics theories by Albert Einstein: special relativity and general relativity, proposed and published in 1905 and 1915, respectively.

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Tidal force

The tidal force or tide-generating force is a gravitational effect that stretches a body along the line towards and away from the center of mass of another body due to spatial variations in strength in gravitational field from the other body.

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TNT equivalent

TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion.

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Torus

In geometry, a torus (tori or toruses) is a surface of revolution generated by revolving a circle in three-dimensional space one full revolution about an axis that is coplanar with the circle.

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Troposphere

The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere of Earth.

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Ulysses (spacecraft)

Ulysses was a robotic space probe whose primary mission was to orbit the Sun and study it at all latitudes.

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University of Arizona Press

The University of Arizona Press, a publishing house founded in 1959 as a department of the University of Arizona, is a nonprofit publisher of scholarly and regional books.

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Volcano

A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

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Voyager 2

Voyager 2 is a space probe launched by NASA on August 20, 1977, as a part of the Voyager program.

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W. M. Keck Observatory

The W. M. Keck Observatory is an astronomical observatory with two telescopes at an elevation of 4,145 meters (13,600 ft) near the summit of Mauna Kea in the U.S. state of Hawaii.

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Waveguide

A waveguide is a structure that guides waves by restricting the transmission of energy to one direction.

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X-ray

X-rays (or rarely, X-radiation) are a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation.

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111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett

111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett is a periodic comet in the Solar System.

See Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 and 111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett

147P/Kushida–Muramatsu

147P/Kushida–Muramatsu is a quasi-Hilda comet discovered in 1993 by Japanese astronomers Yoshio Kushida and Osamu Muramatsu. Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 and 147P/Kushida–Muramatsu are astronomical objects discovered in 1993.

See Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 and 147P/Kushida–Muramatsu

73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann

73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann, also known as Schwassmann–Wachmann 3 or SW3 for short, is a periodic comet that has a 5.4 year orbital period and that has been actively disintegrating since 1995.

See Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 and 73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann

82P/Gehrels

82P/Gehrels is a periodic comet that was discovered on October 27, 1975, by Tom Gehrels at the Palomar Mountain Observatory in California having a faint nuclear brightness of magnitude 17.

See Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 and 82P/Gehrels

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_Shoemaker–Levy_9

Also known as 1993e, 1994 X, Comet Shoemaker Levy, Comet Shoemaker-Levy, Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 (D/1993 F2), D/1993 F2, SL9, Schumacher levy, Schumacher-levy, Shoemaker Levy, Shoemaker Levy 9, Shoemaker Levy comet, Shoemaker-Levy, Shoemaker-Levy 9, Shoemaker-Levy 9 Comet, Shoemaker-Levy Comet.

, Hydrogen sulfide, Ian Morison, IAU Circular, Icarus (journal), Impact events on Jupiter, International Journal of Astrobiology, Io (moon), Iron, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Jupiter, Jupiter barrier, Kin Endate, List of Jupiter events, Magnesium, Magnetic field, Magnetosphere, Meteor air burst, Meteoroid, Metis (moon), Minute and second of arc, Molecule, Moon, Naming of comets, NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive, Near-Earth object, Neptune, Orbital eccentricity, Oxford University Press, Oxygen, Palomar Observatory, Pascal (unit), Perturbation (astronomy), Precovery, Rare Earth hypothesis, Rings of Jupiter, Roche limit, ROSAT, Rotational frequency, Satellite, Satoru Otomo, Schmidt camera, Seismology, Shock wave, Silicon, Solar System, Solar wind, Space.com, Spectral line, Stephen F. Austin State University, Stratosphere, Students for the Exploration and Development of Space, Sulfur dioxide, Sun, Synchrotron radiation, Texas A&M University, Theory of relativity, Tidal force, TNT equivalent, Torus, Troposphere, Ulysses (spacecraft), University of Arizona Press, Volcano, Voyager 2, W. M. Keck Observatory, Waveguide, X-ray, 111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett, 147P/Kushida–Muramatsu, 73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann, 82P/Gehrels.

Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

1994 in science

Astronomical objects discovered in 1993

Collision

Destroyed comets

Discoveries by David H. Levy

Jupiter impact events

Predicted impact events

References