Composite material, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 245 relations: Acrylate polymer, Advanced composite materials (engineering), Aerospace, Airbus A350, Aircraft, Airplane, Alloy, Aluminium, Aluminium alloy, American Composites Manufacturers Association, Anisotropy, Aramid, Arborite, Arecaceae, Asphalt concrete, Atmospheric entry, Auto racing, Autoclave moulding, Automated fiber placement, Bakelite, Bamboo, Bathtub, Bending, Bicycle, Binder (material), Boeing 787 Dreamliner, Bone mineral, Braiding machine, Brick, Bridge, Building, Carbon fibers, Carbon-fiber reinforced polymer, Cartonnage, Casting, Cellulose fiber, Cement, Ceramic matrix composite, Cermet, Chemical bond, Chemical vapor infiltration, Chobham armour, Coated paper, Cob (material), Collagen, Composite armour, Composite baseball bat, Composite bow, Composite laminate, Compression molding, ... Expand index (195 more) »

Acrylate polymer

An acrylate polymer (also known as acrylic or polyacrylate) is any of a group of polymers prepared from acrylate monomers.

See Composite material and Acrylate polymer

Advanced composite materials (engineering)

In materials science, advanced composite materials (ACMs) are materials that are generally characterized by unusually high strength fibres with unusually high stiffness, or modulus of elasticity characteristics, compared to other materials, while bound together by weaker matrices. Composite material and advanced composite materials (engineering) are composite materials.

See Composite material and Advanced composite materials (engineering)

Aerospace

Aerospace is a term used to collectively refer to the atmosphere and outer space.

See Composite material and Aerospace

Airbus A350

The Airbus A350 is a long-range, wide-body twin-engine airliner developed and produced by Airbus.

See Composite material and Airbus A350

Aircraft

An aircraft (aircraft) is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air.

See Composite material and Aircraft

Airplane

An airplane (North American English) or aeroplane (Commonwealth English), informally plane, is a fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine, propeller, or rocket engine.

See Composite material and Airplane

Alloy

An alloy is a mixture of chemical elements of which in most cases at least one is a metallic element, although it is also sometimes used for mixtures of elements; herein only metallic alloys are described.

See Composite material and Alloy

Aluminium

Aluminium (Aluminum in North American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Al and atomic number 13.

See Composite material and Aluminium

Aluminium alloy

An aluminium alloy (UK/IUPAC) or aluminum alloy (NA; see spelling differences) is an alloy in which aluminium (Al) is the predominant metal.

See Composite material and Aluminium alloy

American Composites Manufacturers Association

The American Composites Manufacturers Association (ACMA) is the world's largest trade association serving the composites industry.

See Composite material and American Composites Manufacturers Association

Anisotropy

Anisotropy is the structural property of non-uniformity in different directions, as opposed to isotropy.

See Composite material and Anisotropy

Aramid

Aramid fibers, short for aromatic polyamide, are a class of heat-resistant and strong synthetic fibers.

See Composite material and Aramid

Arborite

Arborite is the leading Canadian manufacturer of high-pressure decorative plastic laminates (HPL).

See Composite material and Arborite

Arecaceae

The Arecaceae is a family of perennial, flowering plants in the monocot order Arecales.

See Composite material and Arecaceae

Asphalt concrete

Asphalt concrete (commonly called asphalt, blacktop, or pavement in North America, and tarmac or bitumen macadam in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland) is a composite material commonly used to surface roads, parking lots, airports, and the core of embankment dams.

See Composite material and Asphalt concrete

Atmospheric entry

Atmospheric entry (sometimes listed as Vimpact or Ventry) is the movement of an object from outer space into and through the gases of an atmosphere of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite.

See Composite material and Atmospheric entry

Auto racing

Auto racing (also known as car racing, motor racing, or automobile racing) is a motorsport involving the racing of automobiles for competition.

See Composite material and Auto racing

Autoclave moulding

Autoclave moulding is an advanced composite manufacturing process. Composite material and Autoclave moulding are composite materials.

See Composite material and Autoclave moulding

Automated fiber placement

Automated fiber placement (AFP), also known as advanced fiber placement, is an advanced method of manufacturing composite materials.

See Composite material and Automated fiber placement

Bakelite

Bakelite, formally, is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, formed from a condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. Composite material and Bakelite are composite materials.

See Composite material and Bakelite

Bamboo

Bamboos are a diverse group of mostly evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae.

See Composite material and Bamboo

Bathtub

A bathtub, also known simply as a bath or tub, is a container for holding water in which a person or another animal may bathe.

See Composite material and Bathtub

Bending

In applied mechanics, bending (also known as flexure) characterizes the behavior of a slender structural element subjected to an external load applied perpendicularly to a longitudinal axis of the element.

See Composite material and Bending

Bicycle

A bicycle, also called a pedal cycle, bike, push-bike or cycle, is a human-powered or motor-assisted, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other.

See Composite material and Bicycle

Binder (material)

A binder or binding agent is any material or substance that holds or draws other materials together to form a cohesive whole mechanically, chemically, by adhesion or cohesion.

See Composite material and Binder (material)

Boeing 787 Dreamliner

The Boeing 787 Dreamliner is an American wide-body airliner developed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes.

See Composite material and Boeing 787 Dreamliner

Bone mineral

Bone mineral (also called inorganic bone phase, bone salt, or bone apatite) is the inorganic component of bone tissue.

See Composite material and Bone mineral

Braiding machine

A braiding machine is a device that interlaces three or more strands of yarn or wire to create a variety of materials, including rope, reinforced hose, covered power cords, and some types of lace.

See Composite material and Braiding machine

Brick

A brick is a type of construction material used to build walls, pavements and other elements in masonry construction.

See Composite material and Brick

Bridge

A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or railway) without blocking the path underneath.

See Composite material and Bridge

Building

A building or edifice is an enclosed structure with a roof and walls, usually standing permanently in one place, such as a house or factory.

See Composite material and Building

Carbon fibers

Carbon fibers or carbon fibres (alternatively CF, graphite fiber or graphite fibre) are fibers about in diameter and composed mostly of carbon atoms.

See Composite material and Carbon fibers

Carbon-fiber reinforced polymer

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (American English), carbon-fibre-reinforced polymers (Commonwealth English), carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics, carbon-fiber reinforced-thermoplastic (CFRP, CRP, CFRTP), also known as carbon fiber, carbon composite, or just carbon, are extremely strong and light fiber-reinforced plastics that contain carbon fibers. Composite material and carbon-fiber reinforced polymer are composite materials.

See Composite material and Carbon-fiber reinforced polymer

Cartonnage

Cartonnage or cartonage is a type of material used in ancient Egyptian funerary masks from the First Intermediate Period to the Roman era.

See Composite material and Cartonnage

Casting

Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify.

See Composite material and Casting

Cellulose fiber

Cellulose fibers are fibers made with ethers or esters of cellulose, which can be obtained from the bark, wood or leaves of plants, or from other plant-based material.

See Composite material and Cellulose fiber

Cement

A cement is a binder, a chemical substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together.

See Composite material and Cement

Ceramic matrix composite

In materials science ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are a subgroup of composite materials and a subgroup of ceramics. Composite material and ceramic matrix composite are composite materials.

See Composite material and Ceramic matrix composite

Cermet

A cermet is a composite material composed of '''cer'''amic and '''met'''al materials. Composite material and cermet are composite materials.

See Composite material and Cermet

Chemical bond

A chemical bond is the association of atoms or ions to form molecules, crystals, and other structures.

See Composite material and Chemical bond

Chemical vapor infiltration

Chemical vapour infiltration (CVI) is a ceramic engineering process whereby matrix material is infiltrated into fibrous preforms by the use of reactive gases at elevated temperature to form fiber-reinforced composites.

See Composite material and Chemical vapor infiltration

Chobham armour

Chobham armour is the informal name of a composite armour developed in the 1960s at the Military Vehicles and Engineering Establishment, a British tank research centre on Chobham Lane in Chertsey. Composite material and Chobham armour are composite materials.

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Coated paper

Coated paper (also known as enamel paper, gloss paper, and thin paper) is paper that has been coated by a mixture of materials or a polymer to impart certain qualities to the paper, including weight, surface gloss, smoothness, or reduced ink absorbency. Composite material and coated paper are composite materials.

See Composite material and Coated paper

Cob (material)

Cob, cobb, or clom (in Wales) is a natural building material made from subsoil, water, fibrous organic material (typically straw), and sometimes lime.

See Composite material and Cob (material)

Collagen

Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of a body's various connective tissues.

See Composite material and Collagen

Composite armour

Composite armour is a type of vehicle armour consisting of layers of different materials such as metals, plastics, ceramics or air. Composite material and Composite armour are composite materials.

See Composite material and Composite armour

Composite baseball bat

Composite baseball bats, opposed to aluminum or wood baseball bats, incorporate a reinforced carbon fiber polymer, or composite, into the bat's construction.

See Composite material and Composite baseball bat

Composite bow

A composite bow is a traditional bow made from horn, wood, and sinew laminated together, a form of laminated bow.

See Composite material and Composite bow

Composite laminate

In materials science, a composite laminate is an assembly of layers of fibrous composite materials which can be joined to provide required engineering properties, including in-plane stiffness, bending stiffness, strength, and coefficient of thermal expansion. Composite material and composite laminate are composite materials.

See Composite material and Composite laminate

Compression molding

Compression molding is a method of molding in which the molding material, generally preheated, is first placed in an open, heated mold cavity.

See Composite material and Compression molding

Concrete

Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that cures to a solid over time. Composite material and Concrete are composite materials.

See Composite material and Concrete

Construction

Construction is a general term meaning the art and science of forming objects, systems, or organizations.

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Continuous casting

Continuous casting, also called strand casting, is the process whereby molten metal is solidified into a "semifinished" billet, bloom, or slab for subsequent rolling in the finishing mills.

See Composite material and Continuous casting

Covalent bond

A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms.

See Composite material and Covalent bond

Cryogenic hardening

Cryogenic hardening is a cryogenic treatment process where the material is cooled to approximately, usually using liquid nitrogen.

See Composite material and Cryogenic hardening

Cryogenics

In physics, cryogenics is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures.

See Composite material and Cryogenics

De architectura

De architectura (On architecture, published as Ten Books on Architecture) is a treatise on architecture written by the Roman architect and military engineer Marcus Vitruvius Pollio and dedicated to his patron, the emperor Caesar Augustus, as a guide for building projects.

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Death mask

A death mask is a likeness (typically in wax or plaster cast) of a person's face after their death, usually made by taking a cast or impression from the corpse.

See Composite material and Death mask

Deformation (engineering)

In engineering, deformation (the change in size or shape of an object) may be elastic or plastic.

See Composite material and Deformation (engineering)

Delamination

Delamination is a mode of failure where a material fractures into layers. Composite material and Delamination are composite materials.

See Composite material and Delamination

Density

Density (volumetric mass density or specific mass) is a substance's mass per unit of volume.

See Composite material and Density

Dental composite

Dental composite resins (better referred to as "resin-based composites" or simply "filled resins") are dental cements made of synthetic resins. Composite material and dental composite are composite materials.

See Composite material and Dental composite

Derivative

The derivative is a fundamental tool of calculus that quantifies the sensitivity of change of a function's output with respect to its input.

See Composite material and Derivative

Disc brake

A disc brake is a type of brake that uses the calipers to squeeze pairs of pads against a disc or a rotor to create friction.

See Composite material and Disc brake

Discontinuous aligned composite

Discontinuous aligned composites are a recent type of technical composite materials.

See Composite material and Discontinuous aligned composite

Dislocation

In materials science, a dislocation or Taylor's dislocation is a linear crystallographic defect or irregularity within a crystal structure that contains an abrupt change in the arrangement of atoms.

See Composite material and Dislocation

DuPont

DuPont de Nemours, Inc., commonly shortened to DuPont, is an American multinational chemical company first formed in 1802 by French-American chemist and industrialist Éleuthère Irénée du Pont de Nemours.

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Elastic modulus

An elastic modulus (also known as modulus of elasticity) is the unit of measurement of an object's or substance's resistance to being deformed elastically (i.e., non-permanently) when a stress is applied to it.

See Composite material and Elastic modulus

Empennage

The empennage, also known as the tail or tail assembly, is a structure at the rear of an aircraft that provides stability during flight, in a way similar to the feathers on an arrow.

See Composite material and Empennage

Engineered cementitious composite

Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC), also called Strain Hardening Cement-based Composites (SHCC) or more popularly as bendable concrete, is an easily molded mortar-based composite reinforced with specially selected short random fibers, usually polymer fibers. Composite material and Engineered cementitious composite are composite materials.

See Composite material and Engineered cementitious composite

Engineered stone

Engineered stone is a composite material made of crushed stone bound together by an adhesive to create a solid surface. Composite material and Engineered stone are composite materials.

See Composite material and Engineered stone

Engineered wood

Engineered wood, also called mass timber, composite wood, human-made wood, or manufactured board, includes a range of derivative wood products which are manufactured by binding or fixing the strands, particles, fibres, or veneers or boards of wood, together with adhesives, or other methods of fixation to form composite material. Composite material and Engineered wood are composite materials.

See Composite material and Engineered wood

Epoxy

Epoxy is the family of basic components or cured end products of epoxy resins.

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Epoxy granite

Epoxy granite, also known as synthetic granite, is a polymer matrix composite and is a mixture of epoxy and granite commonly used as an alternative material for machine tool bases. Composite material and epoxy granite are composite materials.

See Composite material and Epoxy granite

Fiber

Fiber or fibre (British English; from fibra) is a natural or artificial substance that is significantly longer than it is wide.

See Composite material and Fiber

Fiber pull-out

Fiber pull-out is one of the failure mechanisms in fiber-reinforced composite materials. Composite material and fiber pull-out are composite materials.

See Composite material and Fiber pull-out

Fiberglass

Fiberglass (American English) or fibreglass (Commonwealth English) is a common type of fiber-reinforced plastic using glass fiber. Composite material and Fiberglass are composite materials.

See Composite material and Fiberglass

Fiberglass spray lay-up process

Spray-Up also known as chop method of creating fiberglass objects by spraying short strands of glass out of a pneumatic gun.

See Composite material and Fiberglass spray lay-up process

Fibre-reinforced plastic

Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP; also called fibre-reinforced polymer, or in American English fiber) is a composite material made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibres. Composite material and fibre-reinforced plastic are composite materials.

See Composite material and Fibre-reinforced plastic

Filament winding

Filament winding is a fabrication technique mainly used for manufacturing open (cylinders) or closed end structures (pressure vessels or tanks).

See Composite material and Filament winding

The First Intermediate Period, described as a 'dark period' in ancient Egyptian history, spanned approximately 125 years, c. 2181–2055 BC, after the end of the Old Kingdom.

See Composite material and First Intermediate Period of Egypt

Fishing rod

A fishing rod is a long, thin rod used by anglers to catch fish by manipulating a line ending in a hook (formerly known as an angle, hence the term "angling").

See Composite material and Fishing rod

Foam

Foams are materials formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid.

See Composite material and Foam

Former

A former is an object, such as a template, gauge or cutting die, which is used to form something such as a boat's hull.

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Formica (plastic)

Formica Laminate is a laminated composite material invented at the Westinghouse Electric Corporation in the United States in 1912.

See Composite material and Formica (plastic)

Fracture toughness

In materials science, fracture toughness is the critical stress intensity factor of a sharp crack where propagation of the crack suddenly becomes rapid and unlimited.

See Composite material and Fracture toughness

Fuselage

The fuselage (from the French fuselé "spindle-shaped") is an aircraft's main body section.

See Composite material and Fuselage

Glass fiber

Glass fiber (or glass fibre) is a material consisting of numerous extremely fine fibers of glass. Composite material and glass fiber are composite materials.

See Composite material and Glass fiber

Glass transition

The glass–liquid transition, or glass transition, is the gradual and reversible transition in amorphous materials (or in amorphous regions within semicrystalline materials) from a hard and relatively brittle "glassy" state into a viscous or rubbery state as the temperature is increased.

See Composite material and Glass transition

Granite

Granite is a coarse-grained (phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase.

See Composite material and Granite

Heat shield

In engineering, a heat shield is a component designed to protect an object or a human operator from being burnt or overheated by dissipating, reflecting, and/or absorbing heat.

See Composite material and Heat shield

Hemicellulose

A hemicellulose (also known as polyose) is one of a number of heteropolymers (matrix polysaccharides), such as arabinoxylans, present along with cellulose in almost all terrestrial plant cell walls.

See Composite material and Hemicellulose

High strain composite structure

High Strain Composite Structures (HSC Structures) are a class of composite material structures designed to perform in a high deformation setting. Composite material and high strain composite structure are composite materials.

See Composite material and High strain composite structure

HMD Global

Human Mobile Devices (HMD), formally HMD Global, is a Finnish mobile phone manufacturer.

See Composite material and HMD Global

Honeycomb structure

Honeycomb structures are natural or man-made structures that have the geometry of a honeycomb to allow the minimization of the amount of used material to reach minimal weight and minimal material cost. Composite material and honeycomb structure are composite materials.

See Composite material and Honeycomb structure

Hull (watercraft)

A hull is the watertight body of a ship, boat, submarine, or flying boat.

See Composite material and Hull (watercraft)

Humvee

The High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV; colloquial: Humvee) is a family of light, four-wheel drive, military trucks and utility vehicles produced by AM General.

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Hybrid material

Hybrid materials are composites consisting of two constituents at the nanometer or molecular level. Composite material and Hybrid material are composite materials.

See Composite material and Hybrid material

Hydroxyapatite

Hydroxyapatite (IMA name: hydroxylapatite) (Hap, HAp, or HA) is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite with the formula, often written to denote that the crystal unit cell comprises two entities.

See Composite material and Hydroxyapatite

Imitation

Imitation (from Latin imitatio, "a copying, imitation") is a behavior whereby an individual observes and replicates another's behavior.

See Composite material and Imitation

Invar

Invar, also known generically as FeNi36 (64FeNi in the US), is a nickel–iron alloy notable for its uniquely low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE or α).

See Composite material and Invar

Isotropy

In physics and geometry, isotropy is uniformity in all orientations.

See Composite material and Isotropy

Kevlar

Kevlar (para-aramid) is a strong, heat-resistant synthetic fiber, related to other aramids such as Nomex and Technora. Composite material and Kevlar are technical fabrics.

See Composite material and Kevlar

Lanxide process

The Lanxide process, also known as pressureless metal infiltration, is a way of producing metal-matrix composite materials by a process of partial reaction; the process involves a careful choice of initial alloy (usually aluminium with about 3% magnesium and about 10% silicon), and then the maintenance of conditions in which the polycrystalline reaction product has a mechanical composition such that metal is drawn up through it towards the oxidiser by capillary action, so the composite material grows downwards.

See Composite material and Lanxide process

Launch vehicle

A launch vehicle is typically a rocket-powered vehicle designed to carry a payload (a crewed spacecraft or satellites) from Earth's surface or lower atmosphere to outer space.

See Composite material and Launch vehicle

Lay-up process

A Lay-Up process is a moulding process for composite materials, in which the final product is obtained by overlapping a specific number of different layers, usually made of continuous polymeric or ceramic fibres and a thermoset polymeric liquid matrix. Composite material and lay-up process are composite materials.

See Composite material and Lay-up process

Leather cannon

The leather cannon, or leather gun,Adair (1997), pg.

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Light resin transfer moulding

Light resin transfer moulding (Light RTM) is a process by which products of Composite materials are manufactured using a closed mold system. Composite material and Light resin transfer moulding are composite materials.

See Composite material and Light resin transfer moulding

Lignin

Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form key structural materials in the support tissues of most plants.

See Composite material and Lignin

Lime mortar

Lime mortar or torching is a masonry mortar composed of lime and an aggregate such as sand, mixed with water.

See Composite material and Lime mortar

Linen

Linen is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant.

See Composite material and Linen

List of materials properties

A material property is an intensive property of a material, i.e., a physical property or chemical property that does not depend on the amount of the material.

See Composite material and List of materials properties

Long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic

Long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (LFRTs) is a type of easily mouldable thermoplastic used to create a variety of components used primarily in the automotive industry. Composite material and Long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic are composite materials.

See Composite material and Long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic

Luxury car

A luxury car is a car that provides above-average to high-end levels of comfort, features, and equipment.

See Composite material and Luxury car

Macroscopic scale

The macroscopic scale is the length scale on which objects or phenomena are large enough to be visible with the naked eye, without magnifying optical instruments.

See Composite material and Macroscopic scale

Mallite

Mallite is a type of laminate composite material, formerly manufactured by the William Mallinson & Sons company. Composite material and Mallite are composite materials.

See Composite material and Mallite

Masonry

Masonry is the craft of building a structure with brick, stone, or similar material, including mortar plastering which are often laid in, bound, and pasted together by mortar.

See Composite material and Masonry

Material

A material is a substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object.

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Matrix (biology)

In biology, matrix (matrices) is the material (or tissue) in between a eukaryotic organism's cells.

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Matrix (composite)

In materials science, a matrix is a constituent of a composite material. Composite material and matrix (composite) are composite materials.

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Maximum and minimum

In mathematical analysis, the maximum and minimum of a function are, respectively, the largest and smallest value taken by the function.

See Composite material and Maximum and minimum

Mechanical testing

Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types.

See Composite material and Mechanical testing

Regular foamed aluminium In materials science, a metal foam is a material or structure consisting of a solid metal (frequently aluminium) with gas-filled pores comprising a large portion of the volume.

See Composite material and Metal foam

In materials science, a metal matrix composite (MMC) is a composite material with fibers or particles dispersed in a metallic matrix, such as copper, aluminum, or steel.

See Composite material and Metal matrix composite

Metallic fibers are manufactured fibers composed of metal, metallic alloys, plastic-coated metal, metal-coated plastic, or a core completely covered by metal. Composite material and metallic fiber are technical fabrics.

See Composite material and Metallic fiber

Micarta

Micarta is a brand name for composites of linen, canvas, paper, fiberglass, carbon fiber, or other fabric in a thermosetting plastic. Composite material and Micarta are composite materials.

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Microscopic scale

The microscopic scale is the scale of objects and events smaller than those that can easily be seen by the naked eye, requiring a lens or microscope to see them clearly.

See Composite material and Microscopic scale

Military vehicle

A military vehicle is any vehicle for land-based military transport and activity, including combat vehicles, both specifically designed for or significantly used by military.

See Composite material and Military vehicle

Mixture

A mixture is a material made up of two or more different chemical substances which can be separated by physical method.

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Molding (process)

Molding (American English) or moulding (British and Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is the process of manufacturing by shaping liquid or pliable raw material using a rigid frame called a mold or matrix.

See Composite material and Molding (process)

Mortise and tenon

A mortise and tenon (occasionally mortice and tenon) joint connects two pieces of wood or other material.

See Composite material and Mortise and tenon

Mud

Mud is loam, silt or clay mixed with water.

See Composite material and Mud

Nacre

Nacre, also known as mother of pearl, is an organicinorganic composite material produced by some molluscs as an inner shell layer.

See Composite material and Nacre

Nanocomposite

Nanocomposite is a multiphase solid material where one of the phases has one, two or three dimensions of less than 100 nanometers (nm) or structures having nano-scale repeat distances between the different phases that make up the material.

See Composite material and Nanocomposite

Naples

Naples (Napoli; Napule) is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's administrative limits as of 2022.

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Necking (engineering)

In engineering and materials science, necking is a mode of tensile deformation where relatively large amounts of strain localize disproportionately in a small region of the material.

See Composite material and Necking (engineering)

Nickel

Nickel is a chemical element; it has symbol Ni and atomic number 28.

See Composite material and Nickel

Nokia 6.2

The Nokia 6.2 is an Android smartphone designed by HMD Global.

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Nokia 7.2

The Nokia 7.2 is an Android smartphone produced by HMD Global.

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Numerical control

In machining, numerical control, also called computer numerical control (CNC), is the automated control of tools by means of a computer.

See Composite material and Numerical control

Ochroma

Ochroma pyramidale, commonly known as the balsa tree, is a large, fast-growing tree native to the Americas.

See Composite material and Ochroma

Oriented strand board

Oriented strand board (OSB) is a type of engineered wood similar to particle board, formed by adding adhesives and then compressing layers of wood strands (flakes) in specific orientations. Composite material and Oriented strand board are composite materials.

See Composite material and Oriented strand board

Orthopedic surgery

Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics (alternative spelling orthopaedics) is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system.

See Composite material and Orthopedic surgery

Orthotropic material

In material science and solid mechanics, orthotropic materials have material properties at a particular point which differ along three orthogonal axes, where each axis has twofold rotational symmetry.

See Composite material and Orthotropic material

Paper composite panels

Paper composite panels are a phenolic resin/cellulose composite material made from partially recycled paper and phenolic resin.

See Composite material and Paper composite panels

Papier-mâché

Mardi Gras papier-mâché masks, Haiti Papier-mâché, frequently written as paper mache, is a composite material consisting of paper pieces or pulp, sometimes reinforced with textiles, and bound with an adhesive, such as glue, starch, or wallpaper paste. Composite material and papier-mâché are composite materials.

See Composite material and Papier-mâché

Papyrus

Papyrus is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface.

See Composite material and Papyrus

Phenol formaldehyde resin

Phenol formaldehyde resins (PF) (phenolic resins or phenoplasts) are synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde.

See Composite material and Phenol formaldehyde resin

Plant

Plants are the eukaryotes that form the kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly photosynthetic.

See Composite material and Plant

Plywood

Plywood is a composite material manufactured from thin layers, or "plies", of wood veneer that are glued together with adjacent layers, having both glued with each other at right angle. Composite material and Plywood are composite materials.

See Composite material and Plywood

Poisson's ratio

In materials science and solid mechanics, Poisson's ratio (nu) is a measure of the Poisson effect, the deformation (expansion or contraction) of a material in directions perpendicular to the specific direction of loading.

See Composite material and Poisson's ratio

Polyamide

A polyamide is a polymer with repeating units linked by amide bonds.

See Composite material and Polyamide

Polyester

Polyester is a category of polymers that contain one or two ester linkages in every repeat unit of their main chain.

See Composite material and Polyester

Polyether ether ketone

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a colourless organic thermoplastic polymer in the polyaryletherketone (PAEK) family, used in engineering applications.

See Composite material and Polyether ether ketone

Polyethylene

Polyethylene or polythene (abbreviated PE; IUPAC name polyethene or poly(methylene)) is the most commonly produced plastic.

See Composite material and Polyethylene

Polyimide

Polyimide (sometimes abbreviated PI) is a polymer containing imide groups belonging to the class of high-performance plastics.

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Polymer

A polymer is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules linked together into chains of repeating subunits.

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Polymer concrete

Polymer concrete, also known as Epoxy Granite, is a type of concrete that uses a polymer to replace lime-type cements as a binder.

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Polymerization

In polymer chemistry, polymerization (American English), or polymerisation (British English), is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains or three-dimensional networks.

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Polypropylene

Polypropylene (PP), also known as polypropene, is a thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications.

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Polystyrene

Polystyrene (PS) is a synthetic polymer made from monomers of the aromatic hydrocarbon styrene.

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Polyurethane

Polyurethane (often abbreviated PUR and PU) refers to a class of polymers composed of organic units joined by carbamate (urethane) links.

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Polyvinyl chloride

Polyvinyl chloride (alternatively: poly(vinyl chloride), colloquial: vinyl or polyvinyl; abbreviated: PVC) is the world's third-most widely produced synthetic polymer of plastic (after polyethylene and polypropylene).

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Portland cement

Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world as a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco, and non-specialty grout.

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Pozzolana

Pozzolana or pozzuolana, also known as pozzolanic ash (pulvis puteolanus), is a natural siliceous or siliceous-aluminous material which reacts with calcium hydroxide in the presence of water at room temperature (cf. pozzolanic reaction).

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Pozzuoli

Pozzuoli is a city and comune of the Metropolitan City of Naples, in the Italian region of Campania.

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Pressure bag moulding

Pressure bag moulding is a process for moulding reinforced plastics. Composite material and Pressure bag moulding are composite materials.

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Propeller (aeronautics)

In aeronautics, an aircraft propeller, also called an airscrew,Beaumont, R.A.; Aeronautical Engineering, Odhams, 1942, Chapter 13, "Airscrews".

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Protective gear in sports

Personal protective equipment serves an integral role in maintaining the safety of an athlete participating in a sport.

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Pultrusion

Pultrusion is a continuous process for manufacture of fibre-reinforced plastics with constant cross-section. Composite material and Pultrusion are composite materials.

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Pykrete

Pykrete is a frozen ice composite, originally made of approximately 14% sawdust or some other form of wood pulp (such as paper) and 86% ice by weight (6 to 1 by weight). Composite material and Pykrete are composite materials.

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Racket (sports equipment)

A racket or racquet is an item of sporting equipment used to strike a ball or shuttlecock back-and-forth in games such as tennis, badminton, squash, racquetball and padel.

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Reinforced carbon–carbon

Carbon fibre reinforced carbon (CFRC), carbon–carbon (C/C), or reinforced carbon–carbon (RCC) is a composite material consisting of carbon fiber reinforcement in a matrix of graphite. Composite material and reinforced carbon–carbon are composite materials.

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Reinforced concrete

Reinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility. Composite material and reinforced concrete are composite materials.

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Reinforcement (composite)

In materials science, reinforcement is a constituent of a composite material which increases the composite's stiffness and tensile strength. Composite material and reinforcement (composite) are composite materials.

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Resin transfer moulding

Resin transfer moulding (RTM) is a process for producing high performance composite components. Composite material and Resin transfer moulding are composite materials.

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Robotic materials

Robotic materials are composite materials that combine sensing, actuation, computation, and communication in a repeatable or amorphous pattern.

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Rome

Rome (Italian and Roma) is the capital city of Italy.

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Rule of mixtures

In materials science, a general rule of mixtures is a weighted mean used to predict various properties of a composite material.

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Sandwich panel

A sandwich panel is any structure made of three layers: a low-density core (PIR, mineral wool, XPS), and a thin skin-layer bonded to each side. Composite material and sandwich panel are composite materials.

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Sandwich-structured composite

In materials science, a sandwich-structured composite is a special class of composite materials that is fabricated by attaching two thin-but-stiff skins to a lightweight-but-thick core. Composite material and sandwich-structured composite are composite materials.

See Composite material and Sandwich-structured composite

Scaled Composites

Scaled Composites (often called simply Scaled) is an American aerospace company founded by Burt Rutan and currently owned by Northrop Grumman.

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Sculling

Sculling is the use of oars to propel a boat by moving them through the water on both sides of the craft, or moving one oar over the stern.

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Shape-memory alloy

In metallurgy, a shape-memory alloy (SMA) is an alloy that can be deformed when cold but returns to its pre-deformed ("remembered") shape when heated.

See Composite material and Shape-memory alloy

Shape-memory polymer

Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are polymeric smart materials that have the ability to return from a deformed state (temporary shape) to their original (permanent) shape when induced by an external stimulus (trigger), such as temperature change.

See Composite material and Shape-memory polymer

Shear modulus

In materials science, shear modulus or modulus of rigidity, denoted by G, or sometimes S or μ, is a measure of the elastic shear stiffness of a material and is defined as the ratio of shear stress to the shear strain: where The derived SI unit of shear modulus is the pascal (Pa), although it is usually expressed in gigapascals (GPa) or in thousand pounds per square inch (ksi).

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Shear strength

In engineering, shear strength is the strength of a material or component against the type of yield or structural failure when the material or component fails in shear.

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Shear stress

Shear stress (often denoted by, Greek: tau) is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section.

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Short fiber thermoplastics

Thermoplastics containing short fiber reinforcements were first introduced commercially in the 1960s. Composite material and short fiber thermoplastics are composite materials.

See Composite material and Short fiber thermoplastics

Shower

A shower is a place in which a person bathes under a spray of typically warm or hot water.

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Silicon carbide

Silicon carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum, is a hard chemical compound containing silicon and carbon.

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Silicone rubber

Silicone rubber is an elastomer (rubber-like material) composed of silicone—itself a polymer—containing silicon together with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

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Sink

A sink is a bowl-shaped plumbing fixture for washing hands (also known as washbasin in the UK), dishwashing, and other purposes.

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Slip forming

Slip forming, continuous poured, continuously formed, or slipform construction is a construction method in which concrete is placed into a form that may be in continuous motion horizontally, or incrementally raised vertically.

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Slope

In mathematics, the slope or gradient of a line is a number that describes the direction and steepness of the line.

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Smart material

Smart materials, also called intelligent or responsive materials, are designed materials that have one or more properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as stress, moisture, electric or magnetic fields, light, temperature, pH, or chemical compounds.

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Smart Materials and Structures

Smart Materials and Structures is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering technical advances in smart materials, systems and structures; including intelligent systems, sensing and actuation, adaptive structures, and active control.

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Solid solution

A solid solution, a term popularly used for metals, is a homogeneous mixture of two different kinds of atoms in solid state and having a single crystal structure.

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Space Shuttle Columbia

Space Shuttle Columbia (OV-102) was a Space Shuttle orbiter manufactured by Rockwell International and operated by NASA.

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Spacecraft

A spacecraft is a vehicle that is designed to fly and operate in outer space.

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SpaceX

Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, commonly referred to as SpaceX, is an American spacecraft manufacturer, launch service provider and satellite communications company headquartered in Hawthorne, California.

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Specific modulus

Specific modulus is a materials property consisting of the elastic modulus per mass density of a material.

See Composite material and Specific modulus

Specific strength

The specific strength is a material's (or muscle's) strength (force per unit area at failure) divided by its density.

See Composite material and Specific strength

Sports car

A sports car is a type of car that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as handling, acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and racing capability.

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Sports equipment

Sports equipment, also called sporting goods, are the tools, materials, apparel, and gear, which varies in shapes, size, and usage in a particular sport.

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Steel

Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon with improved strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron.

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Steel fibre-reinforced shotcrete

Steel fibre-reinforced shotcrete (SFRS) is shotcrete (spray concrete) with steel fibres added.

See Composite material and Steel fibre-reinforced shotcrete

Stiffness

Stiffness is the extent to which an object resists deformation in response to an applied force.

See Composite material and Stiffness

Storage tank

Storage tanks are containers that hold liquids or compressed gases.

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Straw

Straw is an agricultural byproduct consisting of the dry stalks of cereal plants after the grain and chaff have been removed.

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Strengthening mechanisms of materials

Methods have been devised to modify the yield strength, ductility, and toughness of both crystalline and amorphous materials.

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Stress (mechanics)

In continuum mechanics, stress is a physical quantity that describes forces present during deformation.

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Stress–strain analysis

Stress–strain analysis (or stress analysis) is an engineering discipline that uses many methods to determine the stresses and strains in materials and structures subjected to forces.

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Stress–strain curve

In engineering and materials science, a stress–strain curve for a material gives the relationship between stress and strain.

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Structure

A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized.

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Swimming pool

A swimming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, paddling pool, or simply pool, is a structure designed to hold water to enable swimming or other leisure activities.

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Syntactic foam

Syntactic foams are composite materials synthesized by filling a metal, polymer, cementitious or ceramic matrix with hollow spheres called microballoons or cenospheres or non-hollow spheres (e.g. perlite) as aggregates. Composite material and Syntactic foam are composite materials.

See Composite material and Syntactic foam

Tailored fiber placement

Tailored fiber placement (TFP) is a textile manufacturing technique based on the principle of sewing for a continuous placement of fibrous material for composite components.

See Composite material and Tailored fiber placement

Thermal expansion

Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to increase in length, area, or volume, changing its size and density, in response to an increase in temperature (usually excluding phase transitions).

See Composite material and Thermal expansion

Thermoplastic

A thermoplastic, or thermosoftening plastic, is any plastic polymer material that becomes pliable or moldable at a certain elevated temperature and solidifies upon cooling.

See Composite material and Thermoplastic

Thermoset polymer matrix

A thermoset polymer matrix is a synthetic polymer reinforcement where polymers act as binder or matrix to secure in place incorporated particulates, fibres or other reinforcements. Composite material and thermoset polymer matrix are composite materials.

See Composite material and Thermoset polymer matrix

Thermosetting polymer

In materials science, a thermosetting polymer, often called a thermoset, is a polymer that is obtained by irreversibly hardening ("curing") a soft solid or viscous liquid prepolymer (resin).

See Composite material and Thermosetting polymer

Toughness

In materials science and metallurgy, toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing.

See Composite material and Toughness

Transfer molding

Transfer molding (BrE: transfer moulding) is a manufacturing process in which casting material is forced into a mold.

See Composite material and Transfer molding

Transformation matrix

In linear algebra, linear transformations can be represented by matrices.

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Tree

In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves.

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Tsai-Hill failure criterion

The Tsai–Hill failure criterion is one of the phenomenological material failure theories, which is widely used for anisotropic composite materials which have different strengths in tension and compression. Composite material and Tsai-Hill failure criterion are composite materials.

See Composite material and Tsai-Hill failure criterion

Tufting (composites)

In the field of composite materials, tufting is an experimental technology to locally reinforce continuous fibre-reinforced plastics along the z-direction, with the objective of enhancing the shear and delamination resistance of the structure.

See Composite material and Tufting (composites)

Ultimate tensile strength

Ultimate tensile strength (also called UTS, tensile strength, TS, ultimate strength or F_\text in notation) is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking.

See Composite material and Ultimate tensile strength

United States Geological Survey

The United States Geological Survey (USGS), founded as the Geological Survey, is an agency of the United States government whose work spans the disciplines of biology, geography, geology, and hydrology.

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Vacuum bag moulding

Vacuum bag moulding is the primary composite manufacturing process for producing laminated structures. Composite material and Vacuum bag moulding are composite materials.

See Composite material and Vacuum bag moulding

Vinyl ester resin

Vinyl ester resin, or often just vinyl ester, is a resin produced by the esterification of an epoxy resin with acrylic or methacrylic acids.

See Composite material and Vinyl ester resin

Vitruvius

Vitruvius (–70 BC – after) was a Roman architect and engineer during the 1st century BC, known for his multi-volume work titled De architectura.

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Void (composites)

A void or a pore is three-dimensional region that remains unfilled with polymer and fibers in a composite material. Composite material and void (composites) are composite materials.

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Volume fraction

In chemistry and fluid mechanics, the volume fraction \varphi_i is defined as the volume of a constituent Vi divided by the volume of all constituents of the mixture V prior to mixing: Being dimensionless, its unit is 1; it is expressed as a number, e.g., 0.18.

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Wattle and daub

Wattle and daub is a composite building method used for making walls and buildings, in which a woven lattice of wooden strips called "wattle" is "daubed" with a sticky material usually made of some combination of wet soil, clay, sand, animal dung and straw.

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Wear

Wear is the damaging, gradual removal or deformation of material at solid surfaces.

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Wing

A wing is a type of fin that produces lift while moving through air or some other fluid.

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Wood

Wood is a structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants.

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Wood–plastic composite

Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) are composite materials made of wood fiber/wood flour and thermoplastic(s) such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or polylactic acid (PLA). Composite material and Wood–plastic composite are composite materials.

See Composite material and Wood–plastic composite

Wooden cannon

Wooden cannons have been manufactured and used in wars in many countries.

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Yield (engineering)

In materials science and engineering, the yield point is the point on a stress-strain curve that indicates the limit of elastic behavior and the beginning of plastic behavior.

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Young's modulus

Young's modulus (or Young modulus) is a mechanical property of solid materials that measures the tensile or compressive stiffness when the force is applied lengthwise.

See Composite material and Young's modulus

Z-pinning

Z-pinning is a technique to insert reinforcing fibres (also called Z-pins or Z-fibres) along the Z-direction of continuous fibre-reinforced plastics.

See Composite material and Z-pinning

3D composites

Three-dimensional composites use fiber preforms constructed from yarns or tows arranged into complex three-dimensional structures. Composite material and 3D composites are composite materials.

See Composite material and 3D composites

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_material

Also known as Composite Materials, Composite fabrication, Composite manufacturing, Composite material), Composite matrix, Composite reinforcement, Composite structures, Composition material, Composition materials, Layup mold, Quartz-fiber reinforced plastic, Technical fabrics, Types of composite material.

, Concrete, Construction, Continuous casting, Covalent bond, Cryogenic hardening, Cryogenics, De architectura, Death mask, Deformation (engineering), Delamination, Density, Dental composite, Derivative, Disc brake, Discontinuous aligned composite, Dislocation, DuPont, Elastic modulus, Empennage, Engineered cementitious composite, Engineered stone, Engineered wood, Epoxy, Epoxy granite, Fiber, Fiber pull-out, Fiberglass, Fiberglass spray lay-up process, Fibre-reinforced plastic, Filament winding, First Intermediate Period of Egypt, Fishing rod, Foam, Former, Formica (plastic), Fracture toughness, Fuselage, Glass fiber, Glass transition, Granite, Heat shield, Hemicellulose, High strain composite structure, HMD Global, Honeycomb structure, Hull (watercraft), Humvee, Hybrid material, Hydroxyapatite, Imitation, Invar, Isotropy, Kevlar, Lanxide process, Launch vehicle, Lay-up process, Leather cannon, Light resin transfer moulding, Lignin, Lime mortar, Linen, List of materials properties, Long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic, Luxury car, Macroscopic scale, Mallite, Masonry, Material, Matrix (biology), Matrix (composite), Maximum and minimum, Mechanical testing, Metal foam, Metal matrix composite, Metallic fiber, Micarta, Microscopic scale, Military vehicle, Mixture, Molding (process), Mortise and tenon, Mud, Nacre, Nanocomposite, Naples, Necking (engineering), Nickel, Nokia 6.2, Nokia 7.2, Numerical control, Ochroma, Oriented strand board, Orthopedic surgery, Orthotropic material, Paper composite panels, Papier-mâché, Papyrus, Phenol formaldehyde resin, Plant, Plywood, Poisson's ratio, Polyamide, Polyester, Polyether ether ketone, Polyethylene, Polyimide, Polymer, Polymer concrete, Polymerization, Polypropylene, Polystyrene, Polyurethane, Polyvinyl chloride, Portland cement, Pozzolana, Pozzuoli, Pressure bag moulding, Propeller (aeronautics), Protective gear in sports, Pultrusion, Pykrete, Racket (sports equipment), Reinforced carbon–carbon, Reinforced concrete, Reinforcement (composite), Resin transfer moulding, Robotic materials, Rome, Rule of mixtures, Sandwich panel, Sandwich-structured composite, Scaled Composites, Sculling, Shape-memory alloy, Shape-memory polymer, Shear modulus, Shear strength, Shear stress, Short fiber thermoplastics, Shower, Silicon carbide, Silicone rubber, Sink, Slip forming, Slope, Smart material, Smart Materials and Structures, Solid solution, Space Shuttle Columbia, Spacecraft, SpaceX, Specific modulus, Specific strength, Sports car, Sports equipment, Steel, Steel fibre-reinforced shotcrete, Stiffness, Storage tank, Straw, Strengthening mechanisms of materials, Stress (mechanics), Stress–strain analysis, Stress–strain curve, Structure, Swimming pool, Syntactic foam, Tailored fiber placement, Thermal expansion, Thermoplastic, Thermoset polymer matrix, Thermosetting polymer, Toughness, Transfer molding, Transformation matrix, Tree, Tsai-Hill failure criterion, Tufting (composites), Ultimate tensile strength, United States Geological Survey, Vacuum bag moulding, Vinyl ester resin, Vitruvius, Void (composites), Volume fraction, Wattle and daub, Wear, Wing, Wood, Wood–plastic composite, Wooden cannon, Yield (engineering), Young's modulus, Z-pinning, 3D composites.