Coral bleaching, the Glossary
Coral bleaching is the process when corals become white due to loss of symbiotic algae and photosynthetic pigments.[1]
Table of Contents
146 relations: Acropora, Agaricia tenuifolia, Algae, Alveolate, Ammonium, Andaman Sea, Apoptosis, Aquaculture of coral, Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Bacteria, Belize, Belize Barrier Reef, Butylparaben, Calcium carbonate, Carbon dioxide, Carbonate, Caribbean Sea, Climate change, Climate change adaptation, Climate change mitigation, Climate resilience, Colpophyllia, Convention on Biological Diversity, Coral, Coral reef, Coral reef restoration, Cost–benefit analysis, Crown-of-thorns starfish, Cyanide fishing, Cytoplasm, David Ige, Dinoflagellate, Domino effect, Drought, Dust storm, Economic surplus, Ecosystem, Ecosystem service, Ecotourism, Effects of climate change on oceans, El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Endosymbiont, Enzacamene, Epidermis (zoology), Epithelium, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Exoskeleton, Experimental evolution, Flagellate, Florida, ... Expand index (96 more) »
Acropora
Acropora is a genus of small polyp stony coral in the phylum Cnidaria. Coral bleaching and Acropora are coral reefs.
See Coral bleaching and Acropora
Agaricia tenuifolia
Agaricia tenuifolia, commonly known as thin leaf lettuce coral, is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Agariciidae.
See Coral bleaching and Agaricia tenuifolia
Algae
Algae (alga) are any of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms.
Alveolate
The alveolates (meaning "pitted like a honeycomb") are a group of protists, considered a major clade and superphylum within Eukarya.
See Coral bleaching and Alveolate
Ammonium
Ammonium is a modified form of ammonia that has an extra hydrogen atom.
See Coral bleaching and Ammonium
Andaman Sea
The Andaman Sea (historically also known as the Burma Sea) is a marginal sea of the northeastern Indian Ocean bounded by the coastlines of Myanmar and Thailand along the Gulf of Martaban and the west side of the Malay Peninsula, and separated from the Bay of Bengal to its west by the Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands.
See Coral bleaching and Andaman Sea
Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from falling off) is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms and in some eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms such as yeast.
See Coral bleaching and Apoptosis
Aquaculture of coral
Coral aquaculture, also known as coral farming or coral gardening, is the cultivation of corals for commercial purposes or coral reef restoration. Coral bleaching and aquaculture of coral are coral reefs.
See Coral bleaching and Aquaculture of coral
Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future
The Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability is the hub of collaborative sustainability research at Cornell University, forging vital connections among researchers, students, staff, and external partners.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.
See Coral bleaching and Bacteria
Belize
Belize (Bileez) is a country on the north-eastern coast of Central America.
See Coral bleaching and Belize
Belize Barrier Reef
The Belize Barrier Reef is a series of coral reefs straddling the coast of Belize, roughly offshore in the north and in the south within the country limits. Coral bleaching and Belize Barrier Reef are coral reefs.
See Coral bleaching and Belize Barrier Reef
Butylparaben
Butylparaben, or butyl p-hydroxybenzoate, is an organic compound with the formula.
See Coral bleaching and Butylparaben
Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.
See Coral bleaching and Calcium carbonate
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.
See Coral bleaching and Carbon dioxide
Carbonate
A carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid,, characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula.
See Coral bleaching and Carbonate
Caribbean Sea
The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere.
See Coral bleaching and Caribbean Sea
Climate change
In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system.
See Coral bleaching and Climate change
Climate change adaptation
Climate change adaptation is the process of adjusting to the effects of climate change.
See Coral bleaching and Climate change adaptation
Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation (or decarbonisation) is action to limit the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that cause climate change.
See Coral bleaching and Climate change mitigation
Climate resilience
Climate resilience is a concept to describe how well people or ecosystems are prepared to bounce back from certain climate hazard events.
See Coral bleaching and Climate resilience
Colpophyllia
Colpophyllia is a genus of stony corals in the family Mussidae.
See Coral bleaching and Colpophyllia
Convention on Biological Diversity
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), known informally as the Biodiversity Convention, is a multilateral treaty.
See Coral bleaching and Convention on Biological Diversity
Coral
Corals are colonial marine invertebrates within the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria. Coral bleaching and Coral are coral reefs.
Coral reef
A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Coral bleaching and coral reef are coral reefs.
See Coral bleaching and Coral reef
Coral reef restoration
Coral reef restoration strategies use natural and anthropogenic processes to restore damaged coral reefs. Coral bleaching and coral reef restoration are coral reefs.
See Coral bleaching and Coral reef restoration
Cost–benefit analysis
Cost–benefit analysis (CBA), sometimes also called benefit–cost analysis, is a systematic approach to estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives.
See Coral bleaching and Cost–benefit analysis
Crown-of-thorns starfish
The crown-of-thorns starfish (frequently abbreviated to COTS), Acanthaster planci, is a large starfish that preys upon hard, or stony, coral polyps (Scleractinia).
See Coral bleaching and Crown-of-thorns starfish
Cyanide fishing
In respect of fishing techniques, cyanide fishing is a specific method of collecting live fish, mainly for use in aquariums, which involves spraying a sodium cyanide mixture into the desired fish's habitat in order to incapacitate the fish.
See Coral bleaching and Cyanide fishing
Cytoplasm
In cell biology, the cytoplasm describes all material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus.
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David Ige
David Yutaka Ige (伊芸 豊, Ige Yutaka, born January 15, 1957) is an American politician and engineer who served as the eighth governor of Hawaii from 2014 to 2022.
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Dinoflagellate
The dinoflagellates are a monophyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes constituting the phylum Dinoflagellata and are usually considered protists.
See Coral bleaching and Dinoflagellate
Domino effect
A domino effect is the cumulative effect produced when one event sets off a series of similar or related events, a form of chain reaction.
See Coral bleaching and Domino effect
Drought
A drought is a period of drier-than-normal conditions.
See Coral bleaching and Drought
Dust storm
A dust storm, also called a sandstorm, is a meteorological phenomenon common in arid and semi-arid regions.
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Economic surplus
In mainstream economics, economic surplus, also known as total welfare or total social welfare or Marshallian surplus (after Alfred Marshall), is either of two related quantities.
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Ecosystem
An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system that environments and their organisms form through their interaction.
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Ecosystem service
Ecosystem services are the various benefits that humans derive from healthy ecosystems.
See Coral bleaching and Ecosystem service
Ecotourism
Ecotourism is a form of tourism marketed as "responsible" travel (using what proponents say is sustainable transport) to natural areas, conserving the environment, and improving the well-being of the local people.
See Coral bleaching and Ecotourism
Effects of climate change on oceans
There are many effects of climate change on oceans. Coral bleaching and effects of climate change on oceans are effects of climate change.
See Coral bleaching and Effects of climate change on oceans
El Niño–Southern Oscillation
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a global climate phenomenon that emerges from variations in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical Pacific Ocean. Coral bleaching and el Niño–Southern Oscillation are effects of climate change.
See Coral bleaching and El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Endosymbiont
An endosymbiont or endobiont is an organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism.
See Coral bleaching and Endosymbiont
Enzacamene
Enzacamene (INN; also known as 4-methylbenzylidene camphor or 4-MBC) is an organic camphor derivative that is used in the cosmetic industry for its ability to protect the skin against UV, specifically UV B radiation.
See Coral bleaching and Enzacamene
Epidermis (zoology)
In zoology, the epidermis is an epithelium (sheet of cells) that covers the body of a eumetazoan (animal more complex than a sponge).
See Coral bleaching and Epidermis (zoology)
Epithelium
Epithelium or epithelial tissue is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with little extracellular matrix.
See Coral bleaching and Epithelium
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science is a peer-reviewed academic journal on ocean sciences, with a focus on coastal regions ranging from estuaries up to the edge of the continental shelf.
See Coral bleaching and Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science
Exoskeleton
An exoskeleton (from Greek έξω éxō "outer" and σκελετός skeletós "skeleton") is a skeleton that is on the exterior of an animal in the form of hardened integument, which both supports the body's shape and protects the internal organs, in contrast to an internal endoskeleton (e.g.
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Experimental evolution
Experimental evolution is the use of laboratory experiments or controlled field manipulations to explore evolutionary dynamics.
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Flagellate
A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella.
See Coral bleaching and Flagellate
Florida
Florida is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States.
See Coral bleaching and Florida
Florida Keys
The Florida Keys are a coral cay archipelago off the southern coast of Florida, forming the southernmost part of the continental United States.
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Fluorescence
Fluorescence is one of two kinds of emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation.
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Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Fort Lauderdale is a coastal city located in the U.S. state of Florida, north of Miami along the Atlantic Ocean.
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Galactoside
A galactoside is a glycoside containing galactose.
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Global Change Biology
Global Change Biology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the interface between biological systems and all aspects of environmental change that affect a substantial part of the globe including climate change, global warming, land use change, invasive species, urbanization, wildfire, and greenhouse gases.
See Coral bleaching and Global Change Biology
Great Barrier Reef
The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system, composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over over an area of approximately.
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Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park protects a large part of Australia's Great Barrier Reef from damaging activities.
See Coral bleaching and Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
Hanauma Bay
Hanauma is a marine embayment formed within a tuff ring and located along the southeast coast of the Island of Ookinaahu in the Hawaii Kai neighborhood of East Honolulu, in the Hawaiian Islands.
See Coral bleaching and Hanauma Bay
Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources
The Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) is a part of the Hawaii state government dedicated to managing, administering, and exercising control over public lands, water resources and streams, ocean waters, coastal areas, minerals, and other natural resources of the State of Hawaiʻi.
See Coral bleaching and Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources
Herbicide
Herbicides, also commonly known as weed killers, are substances used to control undesired plants, also known as weeds.
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Hurricane Mitch
Hurricane Mitch was the second-deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record.
See Coral bleaching and Hurricane Mitch
Image segmentation
In digital image processing and computer vision, image segmentation is the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple image segments, also known as image regions or image objects (sets of pixels).
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations.
See Coral bleaching and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
The Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of the United Nations (UN) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the sixth in a series of reports which assess the available scientific information on climate change.
See Coral bleaching and IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
Iriomote Island
is the largest of the Yaeyama Islands of Japan, and the second largest in Okinawa Prefecture after Okinawa Island itself.
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Jarvis Island
Jarvis Island (formerly known as Bunker Island or Bunker's Shoal) is an uninhabited coral island located in the South Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Hawaii and the Cook Islands.
See Coral bleaching and Jarvis Island
Kelp forest
Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of kelp, which covers a large part of the world's coastlines.
See Coral bleaching and Kelp forest
Kenya
Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya (Jamhuri ya Kenya), is a country in East Africa.
Key Biscayne, Florida
Key Biscayne is an island village in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States.
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Kona District, Hawaii
Kona is a moku or district on the Big Island of Hawaiokinai in the State of Hawaii, known for its Kona coffee and the Ironman World Championship Triathlon.
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Land reclamation
Land reclamation, often known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds.
See Coral bleaching and Land reclamation
Lobactis
Lobactis is a genus of plate or mushroom coral in the family Fungiidae.
See Coral bleaching and Lobactis
Lysis
Lysis is the breaking down of the membrane of a cell, often by viral, enzymic, or osmotic (that is, "lytic") mechanisms that compromise its integrity.
Maldives
The Maldives, officially the Republic of Maldives, and historically known as the Maldive Islands, is a country and archipelagic state in South Asia in the Indian Ocean.
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Mangrove
A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows mainly in coastal saline or brackish water.
See Coral bleaching and Mangrove
Marine heatwave
A marine heatwave is a period of abnormally high seawater temperatures compared to the typical temperatures in the past for a particular season and region. Coral bleaching and marine heatwave are effects of climate change.
See Coral bleaching and Marine heatwave
Marine protected area
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are protected areas of the world's seas, oceans, estuaries or in the US, the Great Lakes.
See Coral bleaching and Marine protected area
Maui
Maui (Hawaiian) is the second largest island in the Hawaiian archipelago, at 727.2 square miles (1,883 km2).
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.
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Mexico
Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America.
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Microalgae
Microalgae or microphytes are microscopic algae invisible to the naked eye.
See Coral bleaching and Microalgae
Mineral dust
Mineral dust is atmospheric aerosol originated from the suspension of minerals constituting the soil, composed of various oxides and carbonates.
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National Geographic
National Geographic (formerly The National Geographic Magazine, sometimes branded as NAT GEO) is an American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners.
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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (abbreviated as NOAA) is a US scientific and regulatory agency charged with forecasting weather, monitoring oceanic and atmospheric conditions, charting the seas, conducting deep-sea exploration, and managing fishing and protection of marine mammals and endangered species in the US exclusive economic zone.
See Coral bleaching and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Oahu
Oahu (Hawaiian: Oʻahu) is the most populated and third-largest of the Hawaiian Islands.
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's ocean. Coral bleaching and ocean acidification are effects of climate change.
See Coral bleaching and Ocean acidification
Ocean temperature
The ocean temperature plays a crucial role in the global climate system, ocean currents and for marine habitats.
See Coral bleaching and Ocean temperature
Oceanic basin
In hydrology, an oceanic basin (or ocean basin) is anywhere on Earth that is covered by seawater.
See Coral bleaching and Oceanic basin
Octyl methoxycinnamate
Octyl methoxycinnamate or ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (INCI) or octinoxate (USAN), trade names Eusolex 2292 and Uvinul MC80, is an organic compound that is an ingredient in some sunscreens and lip balms.
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Okinawa Island
, officially, is the largest of the Okinawa Islands and the Ryukyu (Nansei) Islands of Japan in the Kyushu region.
See Coral bleaching and Okinawa Island
Orthophoto
An orthophoto, orthophotograph, orthoimage or orthoimagery is an aerial photograph or satellite imagery geometrically corrected ("orthorectified") such that the scale is uniform: the photo or image follows a given map projection.
See Coral bleaching and Orthophoto
Overfishing
Overfishing is the removal of a species of fish (i.e. fishing) from a body of water at a rate greater than that the species can replenish its population naturally (i.e. the overexploitation of the fishery's existing fish stock), resulting in the species becoming increasingly underpopulated in that area.
See Coral bleaching and Overfishing
Oxybenzone
Oxybenzone or benzophenone-3 or BP-3 (trade names Milestab 9, Eusolex 4360, Escalol 567, KAHSCREEN BZ-3) is an organic compound belonging to the class of aromatic ketones known as benzophenones.
See Coral bleaching and Oxybenzone
Pacific coast
Pacific coast may be used to reference any coastline that borders the Pacific Ocean.
See Coral bleaching and Pacific coast
Pennsylvania State University
The Pennsylvania State University, commonly referred to as Penn State and sometimes by the acronym PSU, is a public state-related land-grant research university with campuses and facilities throughout Pennsylvania.
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Phosphate
In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid.
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.
See Coral bleaching and Photosynthesis
Photosynthetically active radiation
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) designates the spectral range (wave band) of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis.
See Coral bleaching and Photosynthetically active radiation
Polyp (zoology)
A polyp in zoology is one of two forms found in the phylum Cnidaria, the other being the medusa.
See Coral bleaching and Polyp (zoology)
Porites
Porites is a genus of stony coral; they are small polyp stony (SPS) corals.
See Coral bleaching and Porites
Probiotic
Probiotics are live microorganisms promoted with claims that they provide health benefits when consumed, generally by improving or restoring the gut microbiota.
See Coral bleaching and Probiotic
Protozoa
Protozoa (protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic debris.
See Coral bleaching and Protozoa
Pseudodiploria strigosa
Pseudodiploria strigosa, the symmetrical brain coral, is a colonial species of stony coral in the family Mussidae.
See Coral bleaching and Pseudodiploria strigosa
Reactive oxygen species
In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen, water, and hydrogen peroxide.
See Coral bleaching and Reactive oxygen species
Regime shift
Regime shifts are large, abrupt, persistent changes in the structure and function of ecosystems, the climate, financial systems or other complex systems.
See Coral bleaching and Regime shift
Remote sensing
Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object, in contrast to in situ or on-site observation.
See Coral bleaching and Remote sensing
Rocky shore
A rocky shore is an intertidal area of seacoasts where solid rock predominates.
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Ruth Gates
Ruth Deborah Gates (March 28, 1962 – October 25, 2018) was the Director of the Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology and the first woman to be President of the International Society for Reef Studies.
See Coral bleaching and Ruth Gates
Ryukyu Islands
The, also known as the or the, are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Taiwan: the Ōsumi, Tokara, Amami, Okinawa, and Sakishima Islands (further divided into the Miyako and Yaeyama Islands), with Yonaguni the westernmost.
See Coral bleaching and Ryukyu Islands
Salinity
Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity).
See Coral bleaching and Salinity
Science News
Science News (SN) is an American bi-weekly magazine devoted to articles about new scientific and technical developments, typically gleaned from recent scientific and technical journals.
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Sea surface temperature
Sea surface temperature (or ocean surface temperature) is the temperature of ocean water close to the surface.
See Coral bleaching and Sea surface temperature
Seagrass
Seagrasses are the only flowering plants which grow in marine environments.
See Coral bleaching and Seagrass
Seaweed
Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to thousands of species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae.
See Coral bleaching and Seaweed
Sedimentation
Sedimentation is the deposition of sediments.
See Coral bleaching and Sedimentation
Seychelles
Seychelles, officially the Republic of Seychelles (République des Seychelles; Seychellois Creole: Repiblik Sesel), is an island country and archipelagic state consisting of 115 islands (as per the Constitution) in the Indian Ocean.
See Coral bleaching and Seychelles
Silt
Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay and composed mostly of broken grains of quartz.
Solar irradiance
Solar irradiance is the power per unit area (surface power density) received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument.
See Coral bleaching and Solar irradiance
South Florida
South Florida, sometimes colloquially shortened to SoFlo, is the southernmost region of the U.S. state of Florida.
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Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, historically known as Ceylon, and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia.
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Stanford University
Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University) is a private research university in Stanford, California.
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Stephanocoenia intersepta
Stephanocoenia intersepta, commonly known as blushing star coral or small eyed star coral, is a species of colonial stony corals in the family Astrocoeniidae.
See Coral bleaching and Stephanocoenia intersepta
Summer
Summer is the hottest and brightest of the four temperate seasons, occurring after spring and before autumn.
See Coral bleaching and Summer
Sunscreen
Sunscreen, also known as sunblock, sun lotion or sun cream, is a photoprotective topical product for the skin that helps protect against sunburn and prevent skin cancer.
See Coral bleaching and Sunscreen
Surface runoff
Surface runoff (also known as overland flow or terrestrial runoff) is the unconfined flow of water over the ground surface, in contrast to channel runoff (or stream flow).
See Coral bleaching and Surface runoff
Symbiodinium
Symbiodinium is a genus of dinoflagellates that encompasses the largest and most prevalent group of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates known and have photosymbiotic relationships with many species.
See Coral bleaching and Symbiodinium
Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek,, "living with, companionship, camaraderie", from,, "together", and, bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two biological organisms of different species, termed symbionts, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
See Coral bleaching and Symbiosis
TagLab
TagLab is an interactive open source software system for facilitating the precise annotation of benthic species in orthophoto of the bottom of the sea.
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Tanzania
Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, (formerly Swahililand) is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region.
See Coral bleaching and Tanzania
Thailand
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula.
See Coral bleaching and Thailand
The Blob (Pacific Ocean)
The Blob is a large mass of relatively warm water in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of North America that was first detected in late 2013 and continued to spread throughout 2014 and 2015.
See Coral bleaching and The Blob (Pacific Ocean)
The Christian Science Monitor
The Christian Science Monitor (CSM), commonly known as The Monitor, is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles both in electronic format and a weekly print edition.
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The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
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The Nature Conservancy
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a global environmental organization headquartered in Arlington, Virginia.
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Tourism
Tourism is travel for pleasure, and the commercial activity of providing and supporting such travel.
See Coral bleaching and Tourism
Toxin
A toxin is a naturally occurring poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms.
Typhoon
A typhoon is a tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere and which produces sustained hurricane-force winds of at least.
See Coral bleaching and Typhoon
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.
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United Nations Environment Programme
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is responsible for coordinating responses to environmental issues within the United Nations system.
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United States Geological Survey
The United States Geological Survey (USGS), founded as the Geological Survey, is an agency of the United States government whose work spans the disciplines of biology, geography, geology, and hydrology.
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University of Queensland
The University of Queensland (UQ or Queensland University) is a public research university located primarily in Brisbane, the capital city of the Australian state of Queensland.
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UV filter
UV filters are compounds, mixtures, or materials that block or absorb ultraviolet (UV) light.
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Vibrio
Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, possessing a curved-rod (comma) shape, several species of which can cause foodborne infection or soft-tissue infection called Vibriosis.
See Coral bleaching and Vibrio
World economy
The world economy or global economy is the economy of all humans in the world, referring to the global economic system, which includes all economic activities conducted both within and between nations, including production, consumption, economic management, work in general, financial transactions and trade of goods and services.
See Coral bleaching and World economy
Zooxanthellae
Zooxanthellae (zooxanthella) is a colloquial term for single-celled dinoflagellates that are able to live in symbiosis with diverse marine invertebrates including demosponges, corals, jellyfish, and nudibranchs.
See Coral bleaching and Zooxanthellae
1997–98 El Niño event
The 1997–1998 El Niño was regarded as one of the most powerful El Niño–Southern Oscillation events in recorded history, resulting in widespread droughts, flooding and other natural disasters across the globe.
See Coral bleaching and 1997–98 El Niño event
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_bleaching
Also known as 2016 coral bleaching event, Bleaching event, Bleaching stress, Causes of coral bleaching, Coral Reef Bleaching, Coral bleaching in the Indian Ocean, Economic effects of coral bleaching, Economic impact of coral bleaching, Political impact of coral bleaching, Reef bleaching.
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