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Counter-illumination, the Glossary

Counter-illumination is a method of active camouflage seen in marine animals such as firefly squid and midshipman fish, and in military prototypes, producing light to match their backgrounds in both brightness and wavelength.^[1]

71 relations: Abralia trigonura, Active camouflage, Aircraft camouflage, Aliivibrio fischeri, Anti-predator adaptation, Bacteria, Bioluminescence, Blackbelly lanternshark, Bolitaeninae, Brightness, Camouflage, Cephalopod, Consolidated B-24 Liberator, Cookiecutter shark, Countershading, Crosswind, Crustacean, Decapoda, Depth charge, Diel vertical migration, Diffused lighting camouflage, Disruptive coloration, Emission spectrum, Epithelium, Etmopterus, Euprymna scolopes, Firefly squid, Fish, Grumman TBF Avenger, HMS Largs, Ink sac, Iris (anatomy), Kitefin shark, Light, Luminescence, Marine Biology (journal), Marine hatchetfish, Marine life, Mary Taylor Brush, McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II, Melanin, Mesoderm, Mesopelagic zone, Midshipman fish, Midwater squid, Military camouflage, Morane-Borel monoplane, Mutualism (biology), National Research Council Canada, Organism, ... Expand index (21 more) »
Antipredator adaptations
Counter-illumination camouflage

Abralia trigonura

Abralia trigonura is a species of enoploteuthid cephalopod found in the Pacific Ocean in the mesopelagic zone.

See Counter-illumination and Abralia trigonura

Active camouflage

Active camouflage or adaptive camouflage is camouflage that adapts, often rapidly, to the surroundings of an object such as an animal or military vehicle.

See Counter-illumination and Active camouflage

Aircraft camouflage

Aircraft camouflage is the use of camouflage on military aircraft to make them more difficult to see, whether on the ground or in the air.

See Counter-illumination and Aircraft camouflage

Aliivibrio fischeri

Aliivibrio fischeri (formerly Vibrio fischeri) is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium found globally in marine environments.

See Counter-illumination and Aliivibrio fischeri

Anti-predator adaptation

Anti-predator adaptations are mechanisms developed through evolution that assist prey organisms in their constant struggle against predators. Counter-illumination and Anti-predator adaptation are Antipredator adaptations.

See Counter-illumination and Anti-predator adaptation

Bacteria

Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.

See Counter-illumination and Bacteria

Bioluminescence

Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by living organisms. Counter-illumination and Bioluminescence are counter-illumination camouflage.

See Counter-illumination and Bioluminescence

Blackbelly lanternshark

The blackbelly lanternshark or lucifer shark (Etmopterus lucifer) is a shark of the family Etmopteridae found around the world in tropical and temperate seas at depths between 150 and 1,250 metersthe mesopelagic zone.

See Counter-illumination and Blackbelly lanternshark

Bolitaeninae

The Bolitaeninae are a subfamily, in the family Amphitretidae, of small, common pelagic octopuses found in all tropical and temperate oceans of the world.

See Counter-illumination and Bolitaeninae

Brightness

Brightness is an attribute of visual perception in which a source appears to be radiating or reflecting light.

See Counter-illumination and Brightness

Camouflage

Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see, or by disguising them as something else. Counter-illumination and Camouflage are Antipredator adaptations and deception.

See Counter-illumination and Camouflage

Cephalopod

A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda (Greek plural κεφαλόποδες,; "head-feet") such as a squid, octopus, cuttlefish, or nautilus.

See Counter-illumination and Cephalopod

Consolidated B-24 Liberator

The Consolidated B-24 Liberator is an American heavy bomber, designed by Consolidated Aircraft of San Diego, California.

See Counter-illumination and Consolidated B-24 Liberator

Cookiecutter shark

The cookiecutter shark (Isistius brasiliensis), also called the cigar shark, is a species of small squaliform shark in the family Dalatiidae.

See Counter-illumination and Cookiecutter shark

Countershading

Countershading, or Thayer's law, is a method of camouflage in which an animal's coloration is darker on the top or upper side and lighter on the underside of the body. Counter-illumination and Countershading are Antipredator adaptations and deception.

See Counter-illumination and Countershading

Crosswind

A crosswind is any wind that has a perpendicular component to the line or direction of travel.

See Counter-illumination and Crosswind

Crustacean

Crustaceans are a group of arthropods that are a part of the subphylum Crustacea, a large, diverse group of mainly aquatic arthropods including decapods (shrimps, prawns, crabs, lobsters and crayfish), seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, opossum shrimps, amphipods and mantis shrimp.

See Counter-illumination and Crustacean

Decapoda

The Decapoda or decapods (literally "ten-footed") are an order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, and includes crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, and prawns.

See Counter-illumination and Decapoda

Depth charge

A depth charge is an anti-submarine warfare (ASW) weapon designed to destroy submarines by detonating in the water near the target and subjecting it to a destructive hydraulic shock.

See Counter-illumination and Depth charge

Diel vertical migration

Diel vertical migration (DVM), also known as diurnal vertical migration, is a pattern of movement used by some organisms, such as copepods, living in the ocean and in lakes.

See Counter-illumination and Diel vertical migration

Diffused lighting camouflage

Diffused lighting camouflage was a form of active camouflage using counter-illumination to enable a ship to match its background, the night sky, that was tested by the Royal Canadian Navy on corvettes during World War II. Counter-illumination and Diffused lighting camouflage are counter-illumination camouflage.

See Counter-illumination and Diffused lighting camouflage

Disruptive coloration

Disruptive coloration (also known as disruptive camouflage or disruptive patterning) is a form of camouflage that works by breaking up the outlines of an animal, soldier or military hardware with a strongly contrasting pattern.

See Counter-illumination and Disruptive coloration

Emission spectrum

The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to electrons making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state.

See Counter-illumination and Emission spectrum

Epithelium

Epithelium or epithelial tissue is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with little extracellular matrix.

See Counter-illumination and Epithelium

Etmopterus

Etmopterus is a genus of lantern sharks in the squaliform family Etmopteridae.

See Counter-illumination and Etmopterus

Euprymna scolopes

Euprymna scolopes, also known as the Hawaiian bobtail squid, is a species of bobtail squid in the family Sepiolidae native to the central Pacific Ocean, where it occurs in shallow coastal waters off the Hawaiian Islands and Midway Island.

See Counter-illumination and Euprymna scolopes

Firefly squid

The firefly squid (Watasenia scintillans), also commonly known as the sparkling enope squid or hotaru-ika in Japan, is a species of squid in the family Enoploteuthidae.

See Counter-illumination and Firefly squid

Fish

A fish (fish or fishes) is an aquatic, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fins and a hard skull, but lacking limbs with digits.

See Counter-illumination and Fish

Grumman TBF Avenger

The Grumman TBF Avenger (designated TBM for aircraft manufactured by General Motors) is an American World War II-era torpedo bomber developed initially for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, and eventually used by several air and naval aviation services around the world.

See Counter-illumination and Grumman TBF Avenger

HMS Largs

HMS Largs was a former Compagnie Generale Transatlantique (French Line) fruit (banana) ship captured by the Royal Navy ship HMS ''Faulknor'' five months after the Battle of France while docked at Gibraltar in November 1940 and commissioned as an "ocean boarding vessel".

See Counter-illumination and HMS Largs

Ink sac

An ink sac is an anatomical feature that is found in many cephalopod mollusks used to produce the defensive cephalopod ink.

See Counter-illumination and Ink sac

Iris (anatomy)

The iris (irides or irises) is a thin, annular structure in the eye in most mammals and birds, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil, and thus the amount of light reaching the retina.

See Counter-illumination and Iris (anatomy)

Kitefin shark

The kitefin shark or seal shark (Dalatias licha) is a species of squaliform shark in the family Dalatiidae, and the type species in its genus.

See Counter-illumination and Kitefin shark

Light

Light, visible light, or visible radiation is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye.

See Counter-illumination and Light

Luminescence

Luminescence is a spontaneous emission of radiation from an electronically or vibrationally excited species not in thermal equilibrium with its environment.

See Counter-illumination and Luminescence

Marine Biology (journal)

Marine Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on all aspects of marine biology.

See Counter-illumination and Marine Biology (journal)

Marine hatchetfish

Marine hatchetfishes or deep-sea hatchetfishes are small deep-sea mesopelagic ray-finned fish of the stomiiform subfamily Sternoptychinae.

See Counter-illumination and Marine hatchetfish

Marine life

Marine life, sea life, or ocean life is the plants, animals, and other organisms that live in the salt water of seas or oceans, or the brackish water of coastal estuaries.

See Counter-illumination and Marine life

Mary Taylor Brush

Mary Taylor Brush (January 11, 1866 – July 29, 1949) was an American aviator, artist, plane designer, and camouflage pioneer.

See Counter-illumination and Mary Taylor Brush

McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II

The McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II is an American tandem two-seat, twin-engine, all-weather, long-range supersonic jet interceptor and fighter-bomber originally developed by McDonnell Aircraft for the United States Navy.

See Counter-illumination and McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II

Melanin

Melanin is a family of biomolecules organized as oligomers or polymers, which among other functions provide the pigments of many organisms.

See Counter-illumination and Melanin

Mesoderm

The mesoderm is the middle layer of the three germ layers that develops during gastrulation in the very early development of the embryo of most animals.

See Counter-illumination and Mesoderm

Mesopelagic zone

The mesopelagic zone (Greek μέσον, middle), also known as the middle pelagic or twilight zone, is the part of the pelagic zone that lies between the photic epipelagic and the aphotic bathypelagic zones.

See Counter-illumination and Mesopelagic zone

Midshipman fish

A midshipman fish is any species of toadfish belonging to the genus Porichthys (in family Batrachoididae).

See Counter-illumination and Midshipman fish

Midwater squid

Abralia veranyi is a species of squid in the family Enoploteuthidae.

See Counter-illumination and Midwater squid

Military camouflage

Military camouflage is the use of camouflage by an armed force to protect personnel and equipment from observation by enemy forces.

See Counter-illumination and Military camouflage

Morane-Borel monoplane

The Morane-Borel monoplane (sometimes referred to with the retronym Morane-Saulnier Type A or simply the Morane monoplane; company designation Bo.1) was an early French single-engine, single-seat aircraft.

See Counter-illumination and Morane-Borel monoplane

Mutualism (biology)

Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species has a net benefit.

See Counter-illumination and Mutualism (biology)

National Research Council Canada

The National Research Council Canada (NRC; Conseil national de recherches Canada) is the primary national agency of the Government of Canada dedicated to science and technology research and development.

See Counter-illumination and National Research Council Canada

Organism

An organism is defined in a medical dictionary as any living thing that functions as an individual.

See Counter-illumination and Organism

Pelagic zone

The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean and can be further divided into regions by depth.

See Counter-illumination and Pelagic zone

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society.

See Counter-illumination and Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B

Photophore

A photophore is a glandular organ that appears as luminous spots on various marine animals, including fish and cephalopods.

See Counter-illumination and Photophore

Porichthys notatus

Porichthys notatus is a species of batrachoid toadfish.

See Counter-illumination and Porichthys notatus

Predation

Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.

See Counter-illumination and Predation

Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, and a component of His Majesty's Naval Service.

See Counter-illumination and Royal Navy

Ship camouflage

Ship camouflage is a form of military deception in which a ship is painted in one or more colors in order to obscure or confuse an enemy's visual observation.

See Counter-illumination and Ship camouflage

Signalling theory

Within evolutionary biology, signalling theory is a body of theoretical work examining communication between individuals, both within species and across species.

See Counter-illumination and Signalling theory

Silhouette

A silhouette is the image of a person, animal, object or scene represented as a solid shape of a single colour, usually black, with its edges matching the outline of the subject.

See Counter-illumination and Silhouette

Southern lanternshark

The southern lanternshark (Etmopterus granulosus) is a shark of the family Etmopteridae found in the southeast Pacific between latitudes 29°S and 59°S, at depths of between 220 and 1,460 m. This species has been found off Northland, off the Chatham Islands, on the Campbell Plateau, all in New Zealand waters.

See Counter-illumination and Southern lanternshark

Stauroteuthis

Stauroteuthis is a genus of deepwater cirrate octopus, a cephalopod mollusk.

See Counter-illumination and Stauroteuthis

Submarine

A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater.

See Counter-illumination and Submarine

Symbiosis

Symbiosis (from Greek,, "living with, companionship, camaraderie", from,, "together", and, bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two biological organisms of different species, termed symbionts, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.

See Counter-illumination and Symbiosis

The National Archives (United Kingdom)

The National Archives (TNA; Yr Archifau Cenedlaethol) is a non-ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom.

See Counter-illumination and The National Archives (United Kingdom)

Underwater camouflage

Underwater camouflage is the set of methods of achieving crypsis—avoidance of observation—that allows otherwise visible aquatic organisms to remain unnoticed by other organisms such as predators or prey. Counter-illumination and Underwater camouflage are Antipredator adaptations.

See Counter-illumination and Underwater camouflage

Vampire squid

The vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis infernalis, lit. 'vampire squid from hell') is a small cephalopod found throughout temperate and tropical oceans in extreme deep sea conditions.

See Counter-illumination and Vampire squid

Velvet belly lanternshark

The velvet belly lanternshark (or simply velvet belly) (Etmopterus spinax) is a species of dogfish shark in the family Etmopteridae.

See Counter-illumination and Velvet belly lanternshark

Wavelength

In physics and mathematics, wavelength or spatial period of a wave or periodic function is the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.

See Counter-illumination and Wavelength

World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

See Counter-illumination and World War I

World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

See Counter-illumination and World War II

Yehudi lights

Yehudi lights are lamps of automatically controlled brightness placed on the front and leading edges of an aircraft to raise the aircraft's luminance to the average brightness of the sky, a form of active camouflage using counter-illumination. Counter-illumination and Yehudi lights are counter-illumination camouflage.

See Counter-illumination and Yehudi lights

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-illumination

Also known as Counter illumination, Counterillumination, Counterillumination camouflage.

, Pelagic zone, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, Photophore, Porichthys notatus, Predation, Royal Navy, Ship camouflage, Signalling theory, Silhouette, Southern lanternshark, Stauroteuthis, Submarine, Symbiosis, The National Archives (United Kingdom), Underwater camouflage, Vampire squid, Velvet belly lanternshark, Wavelength, World War I, World War II, Yehudi lights.

Counter-illumination, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Antipredator adaptations

Counter-illumination camouflage

References