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Criticism of Judaism, the Glossary

Early criticism of Judaism and its texts, laws, and practices originated in inter-faith polemics between Christianity and Judaism.^[1]

90 relations: Abraham, Agudath Israel of America, Anesthesia, Animal welfare, Anti-Judaism, Anti-Zionism, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, Antisemitic trope, Antisemitism, Baruch Spinoza, Biblical criticism, Bibliography of books critical of Judaism, Brit milah, Catholic Church, Christian Friedrich Weber, Christianity, Circumcision, Conservative Judaism, Conversion to Judaism, Criticism of Israel, Criticism of religion, Criticism of the Bible, Crucifixion of Jesus, Cultural imperialism, David Einhorn (rabbi), Disputation, E. P. Sanders, Encyclopaedia of Islam, Epistle to the Philippians, Ethnocentrism, Ezra, Foreskin restoration, Franz Rosenzweig, Genital modification and mutilation, Gentile, Hadith terminology, Hadrian, Halakha, Hava Lazarus-Yafeh, Hebrew language, Hellenistic Judaism, Hellenistic period, Hofesh, Ibn Hazm, Immanuel Kant, Interfaith marriage in Judaism, Israel Shahak, J. The Jewish News of Northern California, James Dunn (theologian), Jesus, ... Expand index (40 more) »

Abraham

Abraham (originally Abram) is the common Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

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Agudath Israel of America

Agudath Israel of America (אגודת ישראל באמריקה) (also called the Agudah) is an American organization that represents Haredi Orthodox Jews.

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Anesthesia

Anesthesia or anaesthesia is a state of controlled, temporary loss of sensation or awareness that is induced for medical or veterinary purposes.

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Animal welfare

Animal welfare is the well-being of non-human animals.

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Anti-Judaism is a term which is used to describe a range of historic and current ideologies which are totally or partially based on opposition to Judaism, on the denial or the abrogation of the Mosaic covenant, and the replacement of Jewish people by the adherents of another religion, political theology, or way of life which is held to have superseded theirs as the "light to the nations" or God's chosen people.

See Criticism of Judaism and Anti-Judaism

Anti-Zionism

Anti-Zionism is opposition to Zionism.

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Antiochus IV Epiphanes

Antiochus IV Epiphanes (– November/December 164 BC) was a Greek Hellenistic king who ruled the Seleucid Empire from 175 BC until his death in 164 BC.

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Antisemitic trope

Antisemitic tropes or antisemitic canards are "sensational reports, misrepresentations, or fabrications" that are defamatory towards Judaism as a religion or defamatory towards Jews as an ethnic or religious group.

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Antisemitism

Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against, Jews.

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Baruch Spinoza

Baruch (de) Spinoza (24 November 163221 February 1677), also known under his Latinized pen name Benedictus de Spinoza, was a philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish origin.

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Biblical criticism

Biblical criticism is the use of critical analysis to understand and explain the Bible without appealing to the supernatural.

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Bibliography of books critical of Judaism

This is a bibliography of literature treating the topic of criticism of Judaism as a religion, sorted by alphabetical order of titles.

See Criticism of Judaism and Bibliography of books critical of Judaism

Brit milah

The brit milah (bərīṯ mīlā,,; "covenant of circumcision") or bris (ברית) is the ceremony of circumcision in Judaism and Samaritanism, during which the foreskin is surgically removed.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Christian Friedrich Weber

Christian Friedrich Weber (1764–1831) was a German New Testament scholar of the Tübingen school.

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Christianity

Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

See Criticism of Judaism and Christianity

Circumcision

Circumcision is a procedure that removes the foreskin from the human penis.

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Conservative Judaism

Conservative Judaism, also known as Masorti Judaism (translit), is a Jewish religious movement that regards the authority of Jewish law and tradition as emanating primarily from the assent of the people through the generations, more than from divine revelation.

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Conversion to Judaism

Conversion to Judaism (translit or translit) is the process by which non-Jews adopt the Jewish religion and become members of the Jewish ethnoreligious community.

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Criticism of Israel

Criticism of Israel is a subject of journalistic and scholarly commentary and research within the scope of international relations theory, expressed in terms of political science.

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Criticism of religion

Criticism of religion involves criticism of the validity, concept, or ideas of religion.

See Criticism of Judaism and Criticism of religion

Criticism of the Bible

Criticism of the Bible refers to a variety of criticisms of the Bible, the collection of religious texts held to be sacred by Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, and other Abrahamic religions.

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Crucifixion of Jesus

The crucifixion of Jesus occurred in 1st-century Judaea, most likely in AD 30 or AD 33.

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Cultural imperialism

Cultural imperialism (also cultural colonialism) comprises the cultural dimensions of imperialism.

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David Einhorn (rabbi)

David Einhorn (November 10, 1809November 2, 1879) was a German rabbi and leader of Reform Judaism in the United States.

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Disputation

Disputation is a genre of literature involving two contenders who seek to establish a resolution to a problem or establish the superiority of something.

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E. P. Sanders

Ed Parish Sanders (April 18, 1937 – November 21, 2022) was a liberal and secularized New Testament scholar and a principal proponent of the "New Perspective on Paul".

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Encyclopaedia of Islam

The Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam.

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Epistle to the Philippians

The Epistle to the Philippians is a Pauline epistle of the New Testament of the Christian Bible.

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Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism in social science and anthropology—as well as in colloquial English discourse—means to apply one's own culture or ethnicity as a frame of reference to judge other cultures, practices, behaviors, beliefs, and people, instead of using the standards of the particular culture involved.

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Ezra

Ezra (fl. 480–440 BCE) was an important Jewish scribe (sofer) and priest (kohen) in the early Second Temple period.

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Foreskin restoration

Foreskin restoration is the process of expanding the skin on the penis to reconstruct an organ similar to the foreskin, which has been removed by circumcision or injury.

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Franz Rosenzweig

Franz Rosenzweig (25 December 1886 – 10 December 1929) was a German theologian, philosopher, and translator.

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Genital modification and mutilation

Genital modifications are forms of body modifications applied to the human sexual organs.

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Gentile

Gentile is a word that today usually means someone who is not Jewish.

See Criticism of Judaism and Gentile

Hadith terminology

Hadith terminology (muṣṭalaḥu l-ḥadīth) is the body of terminology in Islam which specifies the acceptability of the sayings (hadith) attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad by other early Islamic figures of significance such as the companions and followers/successors.

See Criticism of Judaism and Hadith terminology

Hadrian

Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus; 24 January 76 – 10 July 138) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138.

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Halakha

Halakha (translit), also transliterated as halacha, halakhah, and halocho, is the collective body of Jewish religious laws that are derived from the Written and Oral Torah.

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Hava Lazarus-Yafeh

Hava Lazarus–Yafeh (1930–1998) was a German-born Israeli Orientalist, scholar, editor, and educator.

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Hebrew language

Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.

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Hellenistic Judaism

Hellenistic Judaism was a form of Judaism in classical antiquity that combined Jewish religious tradition with elements of Hellenistic culture.

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Hellenistic period

In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.

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Hofesh

Hofesh (חופש, lit. "freedom"), officially Hofesh - Freedom from Religion (חופש – עמותה לחופש מדת) is an Israeli organization advocating separation of religion and state and stopping the religious coercion in Israel, objecting to and going against activities whose goal is to persuade secular or moderately religious Jews to adopt a more religiously observant lifestyle.

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Ibn Hazm

Ibn Hazm (November 994 – 15 August 1064) was an Andalusian Muslim polymath, historian, traditionist, jurist, philosopher, and theologian, born in the Córdoban Caliphate, present-day Spain.

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Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers.

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Interfaith marriage in Judaism

Interfaith marriage in Judaism (also called mixed marriage or intermarriage) was historically looked upon with very strong disfavor by Jewish leaders, and it remains a controversial issue among them today.

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Israel Shahak

Israel Shahak (ישראל שחק; born Israel Himmelstaub, 28 April 1933 – 2 July 2001) was an Israeli professor of organic chemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, a Holocaust survivor, an intellectual of liberal political bent, and a civil-rights advocate and activist on behalf of both Jews and Gentiles (non-Jews).

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J. The Jewish News of Northern California

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James Dunn (theologian)

James Douglas Grant Dunn (21 October 1939 – 26 June 2020), also known as Jimmy Dunn, was a British New Testament scholar, who was for many years the Lightfoot Professor of Divinity in the Department of Theology at the University of Durham.

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Jesus

Jesus (AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and many other names and titles, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.

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Jewish culture

Jewish culture is the culture of the Jewish people, from its formation in ancient times until the current age.

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Jewish literature

Jewish literature includes works written by Jews on Jewish themes, literary works written in Jewish languages on various themes, and literary works in any language written by Jewish writers.

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Jewish schisms

Schisms among the Jews are cultural as well as religious.

See Criticism of Judaism and Jewish schisms

Jews

The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.

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Journal of Scottish Historical Studies

The Journal of Scottish Historical Studies is a bi-annual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Edinburgh University Press on behalf of the Economic and Social History Society of Scotland in May and November of each year.

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Judaism

Judaism (יַהֲדוּת|translit.

See Criticism of Judaism and Judaism

Jugular vein

The jugular veins are veins that take blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava.

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Karl Marx

Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German-born philosopher, political theorist, economist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist.

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Louis Jacobs

Louis Jacobs (17 July 1920 – 1 July 2006) was a leading writer, Jewish theologian, and rabbi of the New London Synagogue in the United Kingdom.

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Meat industry

The meat industry are the people and companies engaged in modern industrialized livestock agriculture for the production, packing, preservation and marketing of meat (in contrast to dairy products, wool, etc.). In economics, the meat industry is a fusion of primary (agriculture) and secondary (industry) activity and hard to characterize strictly in terms of either one alone.

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Messiah

In Abrahamic religions, a messiah or messias is a saviour or liberator of a group of people.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.

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Moment (magazine)

Moment is an independent magazine which focuses on the life of the American Jewish community.

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Mordecai Kaplan

Mordecai Menahem Kaplan (June 11, 1881 – November 8, 1983) was an American Modern Orthodox rabbi, writer, Jewish educator, professor, theologian, philosopher, activist, and religious leader who founded the Reconstructionist movement of Judaism along with his son-in-law Ira Eisenstein.

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New Testament

The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon.

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Nostra aetate

Nostra aetate (from Latin: "In our time"), or the Declaration on the Relation of the Church with Non-Christian Religions, is an official declaration of the Vatican II, an ecumenical council of the Catholic Church.

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Nudity

Nudity is the state of being in which a human is without clothing.

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On the Jewish Question

"On the Jewish Question" is a response by Karl Marx to then-current debates over the Jewish question.

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Orthodox Judaism

Orthodox Judaism is the collective term for the traditionalist branches of contemporary Judaism.

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Pantheism

Pantheism is the philosophical and religious belief that reality, the universe, and nature are identical to divinity or a supreme entity.

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Patrilineality

Patrilineality, also known as the male line, the spear side or agnatic kinship, is a common kinship system in which an individual's family membership derives from and is recorded through their father's lineage.

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Paul the Apostle

Paul (Koinē Greek: Παῦλος, romanized: Paûlos), also named Saul of Tarsus (Aramaic: ܫܐܘܠ, romanized: Šāʾūl), commonly known as Paul the Apostle and Saint Paul, was a Christian apostle (AD) who spread the teachings of Jesus in the first-century world.

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Personal god

A personal god, or personal goddess, is a deity who can be related to as a person, instead of as an impersonal force, such as the Absolute.

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Pittsburgh Platform

The Pittsburgh Platform is a pivotal 1885 document in the history of the American Reform Movement in Judaism that called for Jews to adopt a modern approach to the practice of their faith.

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Polemic

Polemic is contentious rhetoric intended to support a specific position by forthright claims and to undermine the opposing position.

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Quran

The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah).

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Rabbinic Judaism

Rabbinic Judaism (יהדות רבנית|Yahadut Rabanit), also called Rabbinism, Rabbinicism, or Rabbanite Judaism, has been the mainstream form of Judaism since the 6th century CE, after the codification of the Babylonian Talmud.

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Reconstructionist Judaism

Reconstructionist Judaism is a Jewish movement based on the concepts developed by Rabbi Mordecai Kaplan (1881–1983) that views Judaism as a progressively evolving civilization rather than just a religion.

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Reform Judaism

Reform Judaism, also known as Liberal Judaism or Progressive Judaism, is a major Jewish denomination that emphasizes the evolving nature of Judaism, the superiority of its ethical aspects to its ceremonial ones, and belief in a continuous revelation which is closely intertwined with human reason and not limited to the Theophany at Mount Sinai.

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Religion

Religion is a range of social-cultural systems, including designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relate humanity to supernatural, transcendental, and spiritual elements—although there is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion.

See Criticism of Judaism and Religion

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Judaism

Also known as Anti-Orthodoxy (Judaism), Criticism of Orthodox Judaism.

, Jewish culture, Jewish literature, Jewish schisms, Jews, Journal of Scottish Historical Studies, Judaism, Jugular vein, Karl Marx, Louis Jacobs, Meat industry, Messiah, Middle Ages, Moment (magazine), Mordecai Kaplan, New Testament, Nostra aetate, Nudity, On the Jewish Question, Orthodox Judaism, Pantheism, Patrilineality, Paul the Apostle, Personal god, Pittsburgh Platform, Polemic, Quran, Rabbinic Judaism, Reconstructionist Judaism, Reform Judaism, Religion, Roman Empire, Roman Senate, Shechita, Talmud, Temple Grandin, The New York Times, Titus Flavius Clemens (consul), Torah, Uriel da Costa, Uzair.

Criticism of Judaism, the Glossary

Table of Contents

References