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Criticism of the theory of relativity, the Glossary

Criticism of the theory of relativity of Albert Einstein was mainly expressed in the early years after its publication in the early twentieth century, on scientific, pseudoscientific, philosophical, or ideological bases.^[1]

232 relations: Aberration (astronomy), Acceleration (special relativity), Addison-Wesley, Adolf Bestelmeyer, Aether drag hypothesis, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Albert A. Michelson, Albert Einstein, Alfred Bucherer, Alternatives to general relativity, Annalen der Physik, Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Antisemitism, Arnold Sommerfeld, Arthur Eddington, Arvid Reuterdahl, Aryanism, Émile Picard, Bad Nauheim, Bantam Books, Bell's spaceship paradox, Birkhäuser, Black body, Born coordinates, Bruno Bauch, Bruno Thüring, Cambridge University Press, Category (Kant), Causality, Center for Inquiry, Charles F. Brush, Charles Lane Poor, China, Coherence length, Common sense, Conspiracy theory, Conventionalism, Copernican Revolution, Cosmic microwave background, Cosmos (Australian magazine), Coup de grâce, Critical realism (philosophy of perception), Cultural Revolution, David Hilbert, Dayton Miller, De Sitter double star experiment, Deutsche Physik, Dialectical materialism, Dispersion (optics), Double star, ... Expand index (182 more) »
Criticism of science
Fringe physics

Aberration (astronomy)

In astronomy, aberration (also referred to as astronomical aberration, stellar aberration, or velocity aberration) is a phenomenon where celestial objects exhibit an apparent motion about their true positions based on the velocity of the observer: It causes objects to appear to be displaced towards the observer's direction of motion.

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Acceleration (special relativity)

Accelerations in special relativity (SR) follow, as in Newtonian Mechanics, by differentiation of velocity with respect to time.

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Addison-Wesley

Addison–Wesley is an American publisher of textbooks and computer literature.

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Adolf Bestelmeyer

Adolf (Christoph Wilhelm) Bestelmeyer (21 December 1875 – 21 November 1957) was a German experimental physicist.

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Aether drag hypothesis

In the 19th century, the theory of the luminiferous aether as the hypothetical medium for the propagation of light waves was widely discussed.

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Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft

The Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (AVG, AVg, Aka, AV; English: Academic publishing company) in Leipzig was an important German academic publisher, which was founded in 1906.

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Albert A. Michelson

Albert Abraham Michelson FFRS FRSE (surname pronunciation anglicized as "Michael-son", December 19, 1852 – May 9, 1931) was a Prussian-born American physicist of Jewish descent, known for his work on measuring the speed of light and especially for the Michelson–Morley experiment.

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Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely held as one of the most influential scientists. Best known for developing the theory of relativity, Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics. His mass–energy equivalence formula, which arises from relativity theory, has been called "the world's most famous equation".

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Alfred Bucherer

Alfred Heinrich Bucherer (* 9 July 1863 in Cologne; † 16 April 1927 in Bonn) was a German physicist, who is known for his experiments on relativistic mass.

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Alternatives to general relativity

Alternatives to general relativity are physical theories that attempt to describe the phenomenon of gravitation in competition with Einstein's theory of general relativity.

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Annalen der Physik

Annalen der Physik (English: Annals of Physics) is one of the oldest scientific journals on physics; it has been published since 1799.

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Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science

The Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes review articles about nuclear and particle science.

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Antisemitism

Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against, Jews.

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Arnold Sommerfeld

Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld, (5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and mentored many students for the new era of theoretical physics.

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Arthur Eddington

Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington (28 December 1882 – 22 November 1944) was an English astronomer, physicist, and mathematician.

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Arvid Reuterdahl

Arvid Reuterdahl (February 15, 1876 – January 13, 1933) was a Swedish-American engineer, scientist and educator.

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Aryanism

Aryanism is an ideology of racial supremacy which views the supposed Aryan race as a distinct and superior racial group which is entitled to rule the rest of humanity.

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Émile Picard

Charles Émile Picard (24 July 1856 – 11 December 1941) was a French mathematician.

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Bad Nauheim

Bad Nauheim is a town in the Wetteraukreis district of Hesse state of Germany.

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Bantam Books

Bantam Books is an American publishing house owned entirely by parent company Random House, a subsidiary of Penguin Random House; it is an imprint of the Random House Publishing Group.

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Bell's spaceship paradox

Bell's spaceship paradox is a thought experiment in special relativity. Criticism of the theory of relativity and Bell's spaceship paradox are theory of relativity.

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Birkhäuser

Birkhäuser was a Swiss publisher founded in 1879 by Emil Birkhäuser.

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Black body

A black body or blackbody is an idealized physical body that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation, regardless of frequency or angle of incidence.

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Born coordinates

In relativistic physics, the Born coordinate chart is a coordinate chart for (part of) Minkowski spacetime, the flat spacetime of special relativity.

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Bruno Bauch

Bruno Bauch (19 January 1877 – 27 February 1942) was a German neo-Kantian philosopher.

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Bruno Thüring

Bruno Jakob Thüring (7 September 1905, in Warmensteinach – 6 May 1989, in Karlsruhe) was a German physicist and astronomer.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

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Category (Kant)

In Immanuel Kant's philosophy, a category (Categorie in the original or Kategorie in modern German) is a pure concept of the understanding (Verstand).

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Causality

Causality is an influence by which one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly dependent on the cause.

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Center for Inquiry

The Center for Inquiry (CFI) is a U.S. nonprofit organization that works to mitigate belief in pseudoscience and the paranormal and to fight the influence of religion in government.

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Charles F. Brush

Charles Francis Brush (March 17, 1849 – June 15, 1929) was an American engineer, inventor, entrepreneur, and philanthropist.

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Charles Lane Poor

Charles Lane Poor (January 18, 1866 – September 27, 1951) was an American astronomy professor, noted for his opposition to Einstein's theory of relativity.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

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Coherence length

In physics, coherence length is the propagation distance over which a coherent wave (e.g. an electromagnetic wave) maintains a specified degree of coherence.

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Common sense

Common sense is "knowledge, judgement, and taste which is more or less universal and which is held more or less without reflection or argument".

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Conspiracy theory

A conspiracy theory is an explanation for an event or situation that asserts the existence of a conspiracy by powerful and sinister groups, often political in motivation, when other explanations are more probable.

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Conventionalism

Conventionalism is the philosophical attitude that fundamental principles of a certain kind are grounded on (explicit or implicit) agreements in society, rather than on external reality.

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Copernican Revolution

The Copernican Revolution was the paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic model of the heavens, which described the cosmos as having Earth stationary at the center of the universe, to the heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of the Solar System.

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Cosmic microwave background

The cosmic microwave background (CMB or CMBR) is microwave radiation that fills all space in the observable universe.

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Cosmos (Australian magazine)

Cosmos (subtitled The Science of Everything) is a science magazine published in Adelaide, South Australia, by CSIRO Publishing that covers science globally.

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Coup de grâce

A coup de grâce ('blow of mercy') is a death blow to end the suffering of a severely wounded person or animal.

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Critical realism (philosophy of perception)

In the philosophy of perception, critical realism is the theory that some of our sense-data (for example, those of primary qualities) can and do accurately represent external objects, properties, and events, while other of our sense-data (for example, those of secondary qualities and perceptual illusions) do not accurately represent any external objects, properties, and events.

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Cultural Revolution

The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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David Hilbert

David Hilbert (23 January 1862 – 14 February 1943) was a German mathematician and one of the most influential mathematicians of his time.

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Dayton Miller

Dayton Clarence Miller (March 13, 1866 – February 22, 1941) was an American physicist, astronomer, acoustician, and accomplished amateur flautist.

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De Sitter double star experiment

The de Sitter effect was described by Willem de Sitter in 1913 (as well as by Daniel Frost Comstock in 1910) and used to support the special theory of relativity against a competing 1908 emission theory by Walther Ritz that postulated a variable speed of light dependent on the velocity of the emitting object.

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Deutsche Physik

Deutsche Physik ("German Physics") or Aryan Physics (Arische Physik) was a nationalist movement in the German physics community in the early 1930s which had the support of many eminent physicists in Germany. Criticism of the theory of relativity and Deutsche Physik are history of physics.

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Dialectical materialism

Dialectical materialism is a materialist theory based upon the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that has found widespread applications in a variety of philosophical disciplines ranging from philosophy of history to philosophy of science.

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Dispersion (optics)

In optics and in wave propagation in general, dispersion is the phenomenon in which the phase velocity of a wave depends on its frequency; sometimes the term chromatic dispersion is used for specificity to optics in particular.

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Double star

In observational astronomy, a double star or visual double is a pair of stars that appear close to each other as viewed from Earth, especially with the aid of optical telescopes.

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E. T. Whittaker

Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker (24 October 1873 – 24 March 1956) was a British mathematician, physicist, and historian of science.

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Ebenezer Cunningham

Ebenezer Cunningham (7 May 1881 in Hackney, London – 12 February 1977) was a British mathematician who is remembered for his research and exposition at the dawn of special relativity.

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Edward W. Morley

Edward Williams Morley (January 29, 1838 – February 24, 1923) was an American scientist known for his precise and accurate measurement of the atomic weight of oxygen, and for the Michelson–Morley experiment.

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Ehrenfest paradox

The Ehrenfest paradox concerns the rotation of a "rigid" disc in the theory of relativity. Criticism of the theory of relativity and Ehrenfest paradox are theory of relativity.

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Einstein field equations

In the general theory of relativity, the Einstein field equations (EFE; also known as Einstein's equations) relate the geometry of spacetime to the distribution of matter within it.

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Einstein synchronisation

Einstein synchronisation (or Poincaré–Einstein synchronisation) is a convention for synchronising clocks at different places by means of signal exchanges. Criticism of the theory of relativity and Einstein synchronisation are theory of relativity.

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Electromagnetic mass

Electromagnetic mass was initially a concept of classical mechanics, denoting as to how much the electromagnetic field, or the self-energy, is contributing to the mass of charged particles.

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Emanuel Lasker

Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German chess player, mathematician, and philosopher.

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Emission theory (relativity)

Emission theory, also called emitter theory or ballistic theory of light, was a competing theory for the special theory of relativity, explaining the results of the Michelson–Morley experiment of 1887.

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Equivalence principle

The equivalence principle is the hypothesis that the observed equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass is a consequence of nature.

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Erich Kretschmann

Erich Justus Kretschmann (14 July 1887 – 1973) was a German physicist.

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Ernst Cassirer

Ernst Alfred Cassirer (July 28, 1874 – April 13, 1945) was a German philosopher.

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Ernst Gehrcke

Ernst J. L. Gehrcke (1 July 1878 in Berlin – 25 January 1960 in Hohen-Neuendorf) was a German experimental physicist.

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Euclidean geometry

Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, which he described in his textbook on geometry, Elements.

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Experiments of Rayleigh and Brace

The experiments of Rayleigh and Brace (1902, 1904) were aimed to show whether length contraction leads to birefringence or not.

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Far-right politics

Far-right politics, or right-wing extremism, is a spectrum of political thought that tends to be radically conservative, ultra-nationalist, and authoritarian, often also including nativist tendencies.

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Faster-than-light

Faster-than-light (superluminal or supercausal) travel and communication are the conjectural propagation of matter or information faster than the speed of light. Criticism of the theory of relativity and faster-than-light are theory of relativity.

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Felix Klein

Felix Christian Klein (25 April 1849 – 22 June 1925) was a German mathematician and mathematics educator, known for his work in group theory, complex analysis, non-Euclidean geometry, and the associations between geometry and group theory.

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Fictionalism

Fictionalism is the view in philosophy which posits that statements appearing to be descriptions of the world should not be construed as such, but should instead be understood as cases of "make believe." Thus, allowing individuals to treat something as literally true (a "useful fiction").

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Friedrich Hasenöhrl

Friedrich Hasenöhrl (30 November 1874 – 7 October 1915) was an Austrian physicist.

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Fringe science

Fringe science refers to ideas whose attributes include being highly speculative or relying on premises already refuted.

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Front velocity

In physics, front velocity is the speed at which the first rise of a pulse above zero moves forward.

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Galilean transformation

In physics, a Galilean transformation is used to transform between the coordinates of two reference frames which differ only by constant relative motion within the constructs of Newtonian physics.

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Günter Nimtz

Günter Nimtz (born 22 September 1936) is a German physicist, working at the 2nd Physics Institute at the University of Cologne in Germany.

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General covariance

In theoretical physics, general covariance, also known as diffeomorphism covariance or general invariance, consists of the invariance of the form of physical laws under arbitrary differentiable coordinate transformations.

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General relativity

General relativity, also known as the general theory of relativity and Einstein's theory of gravity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and is the current description of gravitation in modern physics. Criticism of the theory of relativity and general relativity are theory of relativity.

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Georg Joos

Georg Jakob Christof Joos (25 May 1894 in Bad Urach, German Empire – 20 May 1959 in Munich, West Germany) was a German experimental physicist.

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George Smoot

George Fitzgerald Smoot III (born February 20, 1945) is an American astrophysicist, cosmologist, Nobel laureate, and the second contestant to win the $1 million prize on Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?.

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Gravity

In physics, gravity is a fundamental interaction which causes mutual attraction between all things that have mass.

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Group velocity

The group velocity of a wave is the velocity with which the overall envelope shape of the wave's amplitudes—known as the modulation or envelope of the wave—propagates through space.

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Gustav Mie

Gustav Adolf Feodor Wilhelm Ludwig Mie (29 September 1868 – 13 February 1957) was a German physicist.

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Hans Reichenbach

Hans Reichenbach (September 26, 1891 – April 9, 1953) was a leading philosopher of science, educator, and proponent of logical empiricism.

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Harry Bateman

Harry Bateman FRS (29 May 1882 – 21 January 1946) was an English mathematician with a specialty in differential equations of mathematical physics.

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Hendrik Lorentz

Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (18 July 1853 – 4 February 1928) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect.

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Henri Bergson

Henri-Louis Bergson (18 October 1859 – 4 January 1941) was a French philosopherHenri Bergson.

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Henri Poincaré

Jules Henri Poincaré (29 April 185417 July 1912) was a French mathematician, theoretical physicist, engineer, and philosopher of science.

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Herbert Dingle

Herbert Dingle (2 August 1890 – 4 September 1978) was an English physicist and philosopher of science, who served as president of the Royal Astronomical Society from 1951 to 1953.

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Herbert E. Ives

Herbert Eugene Ives (July 31, 1882 – November 13, 1953) was a scientist and engineer who headed the development of facsimile and television systems at AT&T in the first half of the twentieth century.

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Hermann Weyl

Hermann Klaus Hugo Weyl, (9 November 1885 – 8 December 1955) was a German mathematician, theoretical physicist, logician and philosopher.

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History of Lorentz transformations

The history of Lorentz transformations comprises the development of linear transformations forming the Lorentz group or Poincaré group preserving the Lorentz interval -x_^+\cdots+x_^ and the Minkowski inner product -x_y_+\cdots+x_y_. Criticism of the theory of relativity and history of Lorentz transformations are history of physics.

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History of special relativity

The history of special relativity consists of many theoretical results and empirical findings obtained by Albert A. Michelson, Hendrik Lorentz, Henri Poincaré and others. Criticism of the theory of relativity and history of special relativity are history of physics.

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Hjalmar Mellin

Robert Hjalmar Mellin (19 June 1854 – 5 April 1933) was a Finnish mathematician and function theorist.

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Hubris

Hubris, or less frequently hybris, describes a personality quality of extreme or excessive pride or dangerous overconfidence and complacency, often in combination with (or synonymous with) arrogance.

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Hugo Dingler

Hugo Albert Emil Hermann Dingler (July 7, 1881, Munich – June 29, 1954, Munich) was a German scientist and philosopher.

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Hyperbolic motion (relativity)

Hyperbolic motion is the motion of an object with constant proper acceleration in special relativity. Criticism of the theory of relativity and Hyperbolic motion (relativity) are theory of relativity.

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Hypnosis

Hypnosis is a human condition involving focused attention (the selective attention/selective inattention hypothesis, SASI), reduced peripheral awareness, and an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestion.

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Ideology

An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely epistemic, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones".

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Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers.

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Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author who was described in his time as a natural philosopher.

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Isis (journal)

Isis is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press.

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Jean-Marie Le Roux

Jean-Marie Le Roux (4 April 1863, Prat, Côtes-d'Armor – 1949, Rennes) was a French applied mathematician.

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Jews

The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.

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Johann Georg von Soldner

Johann Georg von Soldner (16 July 1776 in Feuchtwangen, Ansbach – 13 May 1833 in Bogenhausen, Munich) was a German physicist, mathematician and astronomer, first in Berlin and later in 1808 in Munich.

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Johannes Kepler

Johannes Kepler (27 December 1571 – 15 November 1630) was a German astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, natural philosopher and writer on music.

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Johannes Stark

Johannes Stark (15 April 1874 – 21 June 1957) was a German physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1919 "for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields".

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Joseph Larmor

Sir Joseph Larmor (11 July 1857 – 19 May 1942) was an Irish and British physicist and mathematician who made breakthroughs in the understanding of electricity, dynamics, thermodynamics, and the electron theory of matter.

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Journal for the History of Astronomy

Journal for the History of Astronomy (JHA) is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the History of Astronomy from earliest times to the present, and in history in the service of astronomy.

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Kantianism

Kantianism (Kantianismus) is the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher born in Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia).

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Karl Strehl

Karl Wilhelm Andreas Strehl (April 30, 1864 – June 14, 1940) was a German physicist, mathematician, and writer.

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Kaufmann–Bucherer–Neumann experiments

The Kaufmann–Bucherer–Neumann experiments measured the dependence of the inertial mass (or momentum) of an object on its velocity.

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Kennedy–Thorndike experiment

The Kennedy–Thorndike experiment, first conducted in 1932 by Roy J. Kennedy and Edward M. Thorndike, is a modified form of the Michelson–Morley experimental procedure, testing special relativity.

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Ladder paradox

The ladder paradox (or barn-pole paradox) is a thought experiment in special relativity.

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Laser

A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.

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Léon Brillouin

Léon Nicolas Brillouin (August 7, 1889 – October 4, 1969) was a French physicist.

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Lebensphilosophie

Lebensphilosophie (meaning 'philosophy of life') was a dominant philosophical movement of German-speaking countries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which had developed out of German Romanticism.

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Lebensreform

Lebensreform ("life-reform") is the German generic term for various social reform movements that started since the mid-19th century and originated especially in the German Empire and later in Switzerland.

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Length contraction

Length contraction is the phenomenon that a moving object's length is measured to be shorter than its proper length, which is the length as measured in the object's own rest frame.

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List of schools of philosophy

This is the list of schools of philosophy.

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Logical positivism

Logical positivism, later called logical empiricism, and both of which together are also known as neopositivism, is a movement whose central thesis is the verification principle (also known as the verifiability criterion of meaning).

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Loop quantum gravity

Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a theory of quantum gravity that incorporates matter of the Standard Model into the framework established for the intrinsic quantum gravity case.

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Lorentz ether theory

What is now often called Lorentz ether theory (LET) has its roots in Hendrik Lorentz's "theory of electrons", which marked the end of the development of the classical aether theories at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century.

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Lorentz transformation

In physics, the Lorentz transformations are a six-parameter family of linear transformations from a coordinate frame in spacetime to another frame that moves at a constant velocity relative to the former.

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Louis Essen

Louis Essen OBE FRS(6 September 1908 – 24 August 1997) was an English physicist whose most notable achievements were in the precise measurement of time and the determination of the speed of light.

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Ludwik Silberstein

Ludwik Silberstein (May 17, 1872 – January 17, 1948) was a Polish-American physicist who helped make special relativity and general relativity staples of university coursework.

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Luminiferous aether

Luminiferous aether or ether (luminiferous meaning 'light-bearing') was the postulated medium for the propagation of light.

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Mach's principle

In theoretical physics, particularly in discussions of gravitation theories, Mach's principle (or Mach's conjecture) is the name given by Albert Einstein to an imprecise hypothesis often credited to the physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach.

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Marxism

Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis.

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Maser

A maser is a device that produces coherent electromagnetic waves (microwaves), through amplification by stimulated emission.

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Mass–energy equivalence

In physics, mass–energy equivalence is the relationship between mass and energy in a system's rest frame, where the two quantities differ only by a multiplicative constant and the units of measurement.

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Maurice Allais

Maurice Félix Charles Allais (31 May 19119 October 2010) was a French physicist and economist, the 1988 winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences "for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources", along with John Hicks (Value and Capital, 1939) and Paul Samuelson (The Foundations of Economic Analysis, 1947), to neoclassical synthesis.

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Max Abraham

Max Abraham (26 March 1875 – 16 November 1922) was a German physicist known for his work on electromagnetism and his opposition to the theory of relativity.

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Max Born

Max Born (11 December 1882 – 5 January 1970) was a German-British physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics.

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Max Planck

Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (23 April 1858 – 4 October 1947) was a German theoretical physicist whose discovery of energy quanta won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.

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Max Planck Institute for the History of Science

The Max Planck Institute for the History of Science (German: Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte) is a scientific research institute founded in March 1994.

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Max von Laue

Max Theodor Felix von Laue (9 October 1879 – 24 April 1960) was a German physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1914 for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals.

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Measurements of neutrino speed

Measurements of neutrino speed have been conducted as tests of special relativity and for the determination of the mass of neutrinos.

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Mechanical explanations of gravitation

Mechanical explanations of gravitation (or kinetic theories of gravitation) are attempts to explain the action of gravity by aid of basic mechanical processes, such as pressure forces caused by pushes, without the use of any action at a distance. Criticism of the theory of relativity and mechanical explanations of gravitation are history of physics.

See Criticism of the theory of relativity and Mechanical explanations of gravitation

A media monitoring service, a press clipping service or a clipping service as known in earlier times, provides clients with copies of media content, which is of specific interest to them and subject to changing demand; what they provide may include documentation, content, analysis, or editorial opinion, specifically or widely.

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Menyhért Palágyi

Menyhért Palágyi, in German Melchior or Meinhert Palagyi (16 or 26 December 1859 in Paks, Hungary – 14 July 1924 in Darmstadt, Germany) was a Hungarian philosopher, mathematician, and physicist of Jewish descent (his original name was Silberstein, it was changed in 1895).

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Michelson–Gale–Pearson experiment

The Michelson–Gale–Pearson experiment (1925) is a modified version of the Michelson–Morley experiment and the Sagnac-Interferometer.

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Michelson–Morley experiment

The Michelson–Morley experiment was an attempt to measure the motion of the Earth relative to the luminiferous aether, a supposed medium permeating space that was thought to be the carrier of light waves.

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Monism

Monism attributes oneness or singleness to a concept, such as to existence.

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Moritz Geiger

Moritz Geiger (26 June 1880 – 9 September 1937) was a German philosopher and a disciple of Edmund Husserl.

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Moritz Schlick

Friedrich Albert Moritz Schlick (14 April 1882 – 22 June 1936) was a German philosopher, physicist, and the founding father of logical positivism and the Vienna Circle.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.

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Nazi Party

The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism.

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Neo-Kantianism

In late modern continental philosophy, neo-Kantianism (Neukantianismus) was a revival of the 18th-century philosophy of Immanuel Kant.

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Newton's law of universal gravitation

Newton's law of universal gravitation says that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

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Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center.

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Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prizes (Nobelpriset; Nobelprisen) are five separate prizes awarded to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind, as established by the 1895 will of Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist Alfred Nobel, in the year before he died.

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Non-Euclidean geometry

In mathematics, non-Euclidean geometry consists of two geometries based on axioms closely related to those that specify Euclidean geometry.

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Nordic race

The Nordic race is an obsolete racial concept which originated in 19th-century anthropology.

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Null result

In science, a null result is a result without the expected content: that is, the proposed result is absent.

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Occult

The occult (from occultus) is a category of esoteric or supernatural beliefs and practices which generally fall outside the scope of organized religion and science, encompassing phenomena involving a 'hidden' or 'secret' agency, such as magic and mysticism.

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Oliver Lodge

Sir Oliver Joseph Lodge, (12 June 1851 – 22 August 1940) was a British physicist and writer involved in the development of, and holder of key patents for, radio.

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One-way speed of light

When using the term "the speed of light" it is sometimes necessary to make the distinction between its one-way speed and its two-way speed.

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OPERA experiment

The Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus (OPERA) was an instrument used in a scientific experiment for detecting tau neutrinos from muon neutrino oscillations.

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Oskar Becker

Oskar Becker (5 September 1889 – 13 November 1964) was a German philosopher, logician, mathematician, and historian of mathematics.

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Oskar Kraus

Oskar Kraus (24 July 1872 – 26 September 1942) was a Czech philosopher and jurist.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

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Paradox

A paradox is a logically self-contradictory statement or a statement that runs contrary to one's expectation.

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Particle accelerator

A particle accelerator is a machine that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to very high speeds and energies to contain them in well-defined beams.

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Paul Dirac

Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (8 August 1902 – 20 October 1984) was an English mathematical and theoretical physicist who is considered to be one of the founders of quantum mechanics.

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Paul Ehrenfest

Paul Ehrenfest (18 January 1880 – 25 September 1933) was an Austrian theoretical physicist who made major contributions to the topic of statistical mechanics and its relations with quantum mechanics, including the theory of phase transition and the Ehrenfest theorem.

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Paul Gerber

Paul Gerber (1854 Berlin, Germany – 13 August 1909 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany) was a German physics teacher.

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Paul Langevin

Paul Langevin (23 January 1872 – 19 December 1946) was a French physicist who developed Langevin dynamics and the Langevin equation.

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Paul Natorp

Paul Gerhard Natorp (24 January 1854 – 17 August 1924) was a German philosopher and educationalist, considered one of the co-founders of the Marburg school of neo-Kantianism.

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Paul Painlevé

Paul Painlevé (5 December 1863 – 29 October 1933) was a French mathematician and statesman.

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Paul Weyland

Paul Wilhelm Gustav Weyland (20 January 1888, Berlin – 6 December 1972, Bad Pyrmont) was the antisemitic leader of the Anti Einstein League.

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Peer review

Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work (peers).

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Petr Beckmann

Petr Beckmann (November 13, 1924 – August 3, 1993) was a professor of electrical engineering and advocate of libertarianism and nuclear power who disputed Albert Einstein's theory of relativity and other accepted theories in modern physics.

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Phenomenology (philosophy)

Phenomenology is the philosophical study of objectivity and reality (more generally) as subjectively lived and experienced.

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Philipp Lenard

Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard (Lénárd Fülöp Eduárd Antal; 7 June 1862 – 20 May 1947) was a Hungarian-born German physicist and the winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1905 for his work on cathode rays and the discovery of many of their properties.

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Philosophy

Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language.

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Physical Review

Physical Review is a peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1893 by Edward Nichols.

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Physics Letters

Physics Letters was a scientific journal published from 1962 to 1966, when it split in two series now published by Elsevier.

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Pierre Duhem

Pierre Maurice Marie Duhem (9 June 1861 – 14 September 1916) was a French theoretical physicist who worked on thermodynamics, hydrodynamics, and the theory of elasticity.

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Pierre-Simon Laplace

Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French scholar whose work was important to the development of engineering, mathematics, statistics, physics, astronomy, and philosophy.

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Preferred frame

In theoretical physics, a preferred frame or privileged frame is usually a special hypothetical frame of reference in which the laws of physics might appear to be identifiably different (simpler) from those in other frames.

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Principle of relativity

In physics, the principle of relativity is the requirement that the equations describing the laws of physics have the same form in all admissible frames of reference. Criticism of the theory of relativity and principle of relativity are theory of relativity.

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Proper reference frame (flat spacetime)

A proper reference frame in the theory of relativity is a particular form of accelerated reference frame, that is, a reference frame in which an accelerated observer can be considered as being at rest.

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Pseudoscience

Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be both scientific and factual but are incompatible with the scientific method.

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Quantum electrodynamics

In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics.

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Quantum entanglement

Quantum entanglement is the phenomenon of a group of particles being generated, interacting, or sharing spatial proximity in such a way that the quantum state of each particle of the group cannot be described independently of the state of the others, including when the particles are separated by a large distance.

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Quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms.

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Quantum teleportation

Quantum teleportation is a technique for transferring quantum information from a sender at one location to a receiver some distance away.

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Racism

Racism is discrimination and prejudice against people based on their race or ethnicity.

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Relativism

Relativism is a family of philosophical views which deny claims to objectivity within a particular domain and assert that valuations in that domain are relative to the perspective of an observer or the context in which they are assessed.

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Relativity of simultaneity

In physics, the relativity of simultaneity is the concept that distant simultaneity – whether two spatially separated events occur at the same time – is not absolute, but depends on the observer's reference frame. Criticism of the theory of relativity and relativity of simultaneity are history of physics.

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Relativity priority dispute

Albert Einstein presented the theories of special relativity and general relativity in publications that either contained no formal references to previous literature, or referred only to a small number of his predecessors for fundamental results on which he based his theories, most notably to the work of Henri Poincaré and Hendrik Lorentz for special relativity, and to the work of David Hilbert, Carl F. Criticism of the theory of relativity and relativity priority dispute are theory of relativity.

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Reports on Progress in Physics

is a highly selective, peer reviewed journal published by IOP Publishing.

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Rindler coordinates

Rindler coordinates are a coordinate system used in the context of special relativity to describe the hyperbolic acceleration of a uniformly accelerating reference frame in flat spacetime. Criticism of the theory of relativity and Rindler coordinates are theory of relativity.

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Robert Daniel Carmichael

Robert Daniel Carmichael (March 1, 1879 – May 2, 1967) was an American mathematician.

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Robert S. Shankland

Robert Sherwood Shankland (January 11, 1908 – March 1, 1982) was an American physicist and historian.

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Rudolf Carnap

Rudolf Carnap (18 May 1891 – 14 September 1970) was a German-language philosopher who was active in Europe before 1935 and in the United States thereafter.

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Rudolf Tomaschek

Rudolf Karl Anton Tomaschek (23 December 1895 in Budweis, Bohemia – 8 February 1966, Breitbrunn am Chiemsee) was a German experimental physicist.

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Sagnac effect

The Sagnac effect, also called Sagnac interference, named after French physicist Georges Sagnac, is a phenomenon encountered in interferometry that is elicited by rotation. Criticism of the theory of relativity and Sagnac effect are theory of relativity.

See Criticism of the theory of relativity and Sagnac effect

Science

Science is a strict systematic discipline that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the world.

See Criticism of the theory of relativity and Science

Signal velocity

The signal velocity is the speed at which a wave carries information.

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Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet

Sir George Gabriel Stokes, 1st Baronet, (13 August 1819 – 1 February 1903) was an Irish mathematician and physicist.

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Skeptical Inquirer

Skeptical Inquirer is a bimonthly American general-audience magazine published by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI) with the subtitle: The Magazine for Science and Reason.

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Spacetime

In physics, spacetime, also called the space-time continuum, is a mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum. Criticism of the theory of relativity and spacetime are theory of relativity.

See Criticism of the theory of relativity and Spacetime

Special relativity

In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. Criticism of the theory of relativity and special relativity are theory of relativity.

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Speed of gravity

In classical theories of gravitation, the changes in a gravitational field propagate. Criticism of the theory of relativity and Speed of gravity are history of physics.

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Speed of light

The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted, is a universal physical constant that is exactly equal to). According to the special theory of relativity, is the upper limit for the speed at which conventional matter or energy (and thus any signal carrying information) can travel through space.

See Criticism of the theory of relativity and Speed of light

Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.

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Stjepan Mohorovičić

Stjepan Mohorovičić (August 20, 1890 – February 13, 1980) was a Croatian physicist, geophysicist and meteorologist.

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String theory

In physics, string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called strings.

See Criticism of the theory of relativity and String theory

Talmud

The Talmud (תַּלְמוּד|Talmūḏ|teaching) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (halakha) and Jewish theology.

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Tests of general relativity

Tests of general relativity serve to establish observational evidence for the theory of general relativity.

See Criticism of the theory of relativity and Tests of general relativity

Tests of special relativity

Special relativity is a physical theory that plays a fundamental role in the description of all physical phenomena, as long as gravitation is not significant.

See Criticism of the theory of relativity and Tests of special relativity

Theodor Fritsch

Theodor Fritsch (born Emil Theodor Fritsche; 28 October 1852 – 8 September 1933) was a German publisher and journalist.

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Theory of everything

A theory of everything (TOE), final theory, ultimate theory, unified field theory or master theory is a hypothetical, singular, all-encompassing, coherent theoretical framework of physics that fully explains and links together all aspects of the universe.

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Theory of relativity

The theory of relativity usually encompasses two interrelated physics theories by Albert Einstein: special relativity and general relativity, proposed and published in 1905 and 1915, respectively.

See Criticism of the theory of relativity and Theory of relativity

Thermal radiation

Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation emitted by the thermal motion of particles in matter.

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Thomas Jefferson Jackson See

Thomas Jefferson Jackson (T. J. J.) See (February 19, 1866 – July 4, 1962) was an American astronomer whose promulgated theories in astronomy and physics were eventually disproven.

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Time dilation

Time dilation is the difference in elapsed time as measured by two clocks, either because of a relative velocity between them (special relativity), or a difference in gravitational potential between their locations (general relativity).

See Criticism of the theory of relativity and Time dilation

Tom Van Flandern

Thomas Charles Van Flandern (June 26, 1940 – January 9, 2009) was an American astronomer and author who specialized in celestial mechanics.

See Criticism of the theory of relativity and Tom Van Flandern

Trouton–Noble experiment

The Trouton–Noble experiment was an attempt to detect motion of the Earth through the luminiferous aether, and was conducted in 1901–1903 by Frederick Thomas Trouton and H. R. Noble.

See Criticism of the theory of relativity and Trouton–Noble experiment

Twin paradox

In physics, the twin paradox is a thought experiment in special relativity involving identical twins, one of whom makes a journey into space in a high-speed rocket and returns home to find that the twin who remained on Earth has aged more.

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Two-body problem in general relativity

The two-body problem in general relativity (or relativistic two-body problem) is the determination of the motion and gravitational field of two bodies as described by the field equations of general relativity.

See Criticism of the theory of relativity and Two-body problem in general relativity

University of Chicago Press

The University of Chicago Press is the university press of the University of Chicago, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.

See Criticism of the theory of relativity and University of Chicago Press

Vitalism

Vitalism is a belief that starts from the premise that "living organisms are fundamentally different from non-living entities because they contain some non-physical element or are governed by different principles than are inanimate things." Where vitalism explicitly invokes a vital principle, that element is often referred to as the "vital spark", "energy", "élan vital" (coined by vitalist Henri Bergson), "vital force", or "vis vitalis", which some equate with the soul.

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Voluntary association

A voluntary group or union (also sometimes called a voluntary organization, common-interest association, association, or society) is a group of individuals who enter into an agreement, usually as volunteers, to form a body (or organization) to accomplish a purpose.

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Walter Kaufmann (physicist)

Walter Kaufmann (June 5, 1871 – January 1, 1947) was a German physicist.

See Criticism of the theory of relativity and Walter Kaufmann (physicist)

Walther Rathenau

Walther Rathenau (29 September 1867 – 24 June 1922) was a German industrialist, writer and politician who served as foreign minister of Germany from February to June 1922.

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Wilhelm Müller (physicist)

Wilhelm Carl Gottlieb Müller (September 25, 1880 – June 16, 1968) was a German physicist, mathematician, and philosopher.

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Wilhelm Wien

Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien (13 January 1864 – 30 August 1928) was a German physicist who, in 1893, used theories about heat and electromagnetism to deduce Wien's displacement law, which calculates the emission of a blackbody at any temperature from the emission at any one reference temperature.

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Willem de Sitter

Willem de Sitter (6 May 1872 – 20 November 1934) was a Dutch mathematician, physicist, and astronomer.

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Woldemar Voigt

Woldemar Voigt (2 September 1850 – 13 December 1919) was a German physicist.

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Yale University Press

Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.

See Criticism of the theory of relativity and Yale University Press

2011 OPERA faster-than-light neutrino anomaly

In 2011, the Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus (OPERA) experiment mistakenly observed neutrinos appearing to travel faster than light.

See Criticism of the theory of relativity and 2011 OPERA faster-than-light neutrino anomaly

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_the_theory_of_relativity

Also known as 100 Authors Against Einstein, A Hundred Authors Against Einstein, Anti-relativity, Antirelativity, Criticism of relativity theory, Hundert Autoren gegen Einstein, Hundred Authors Against Einstein, One Hundred Scientists Against Einstein.

, E. T. Whittaker, Ebenezer Cunningham, Edward W. Morley, Ehrenfest paradox, Einstein field equations, Einstein synchronisation, Electromagnetic mass, Emanuel Lasker, Emission theory (relativity), Equivalence principle, Erich Kretschmann, Ernst Cassirer, Ernst Gehrcke, Euclidean geometry, Experiments of Rayleigh and Brace, Far-right politics, Faster-than-light, Felix Klein, Fictionalism, Friedrich Hasenöhrl, Fringe science, Front velocity, Galilean transformation, Günter Nimtz, General covariance, General relativity, Georg Joos, George Smoot, Gravity, Group velocity, Gustav Mie, Hans Reichenbach, Harry Bateman, Hendrik Lorentz, Henri Bergson, Henri Poincaré, Herbert Dingle, Herbert E. Ives, Hermann Weyl, History of Lorentz transformations, History of special relativity, Hjalmar Mellin, Hubris, Hugo Dingler, Hyperbolic motion (relativity), Hypnosis, Ideology, Immanuel Kant, Isaac Newton, Isis (journal), Jean-Marie Le Roux, Jews, Johann Georg von Soldner, Johannes Kepler, Johannes Stark, Joseph Larmor, Journal for the History of Astronomy, Kantianism, Karl Strehl, Kaufmann–Bucherer–Neumann experiments, Kennedy–Thorndike experiment, Ladder paradox, Laser, Léon Brillouin, Lebensphilosophie, Lebensreform, Length contraction, List of schools of philosophy, Logical positivism, Loop quantum gravity, Lorentz ether theory, Lorentz transformation, Louis Essen, Ludwik Silberstein, Luminiferous aether, Mach's principle, Marxism, Maser, Mass–energy equivalence, Maurice Allais, Max Abraham, Max Born, Max Planck, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Max von Laue, Measurements of neutrino speed, Mechanical explanations of gravitation, Media monitoring service, Menyhért Palágyi, Michelson–Gale–Pearson experiment, Michelson–Morley experiment, Monism, Moritz Geiger, Moritz Schlick, Nature (journal), Nazi Party, Neo-Kantianism, Newton's law of universal gravitation, Nicolaus Copernicus, Nobel Prize, Non-Euclidean geometry, Nordic race, Null result, Occult, Oliver Lodge, One-way speed of light, OPERA experiment, Oskar Becker, Oskar Kraus, Oxford University Press, Paradox, Particle accelerator, Paul Dirac, Paul Ehrenfest, Paul Gerber, Paul Langevin, Paul Natorp, Paul Painlevé, Paul Weyland, Peer review, Petr Beckmann, Phenomenology (philosophy), Philipp Lenard, Philosophy, Physical Review, Physics Letters, Pierre Duhem, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Preferred frame, Principle of relativity, Proper reference frame (flat spacetime), Pseudoscience, Quantum electrodynamics, Quantum entanglement, Quantum mechanics, Quantum teleportation, Racism, Relativism, Relativity of simultaneity, Relativity priority dispute, Reports on Progress in Physics, Rindler coordinates, Robert Daniel Carmichael, Robert S. Shankland, Rudolf Carnap, Rudolf Tomaschek, Sagnac effect, Science, Signal velocity, Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet, Skeptical Inquirer, Spacetime, Special relativity, Speed of gravity, Speed of light, Springer Science+Business Media, Stjepan Mohorovičić, String theory, Talmud, Tests of general relativity, Tests of special relativity, Theodor Fritsch, Theory of everything, Theory of relativity, Thermal radiation, Thomas Jefferson Jackson See, Time dilation, Tom Van Flandern, Trouton–Noble experiment, Twin paradox, Two-body problem in general relativity, University of Chicago Press, Vitalism, Voluntary association, Walter Kaufmann (physicist), Walther Rathenau, Wilhelm Müller (physicist), Wilhelm Wien, Willem de Sitter, Woldemar Voigt, Yale University Press, 2011 OPERA faster-than-light neutrino anomaly.

Criticism of the theory of relativity, the Glossary

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