Cryptocurrency, the Glossary
A cryptocurrency, crypto-currency, or crypto is a digital currency designed to work as a medium of exchange through a computer network that is not reliant on any central authority, such as a government or bank, to uphold or maintain it.[1]
Table of Contents
324 relations: Abnormal return, Academic journal, Agustín Carstens, Aid agency, Alan Greenspan, Algorand, AMD, Anarcho-capitalism, Angus Deaton, Anonymity, Application-specific integrated circuit, Arbitrage, Associated state, Auckland University of Technology, Austrian school of economics, Autorité des Marchés Financiers (France), Avalanche (blockchain platform), Baidu, Bakkt, Bank, Bank for International Settlements, Bank of Thailand, Bankruptcy, Bankruptcy of FTX, Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Bill Gates, Binance, Bitcoin, Bitcoin ATM, Bitcoin Gold, Bitcoin protocol, BlackRock, BLAKE (hash function), Blockchain, Blockchain analysis, Blockscale, Bloomberg Law, Bloomberg News, Byzantine fault, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, Carbon footprint, Cardano (blockchain platform), Cash, Central bank, Central bank digital currency, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, Chainalysis, Chargeback, Chia (cryptocurrency), China, ... Expand index (274 more) »
- Applications of cryptography
Abnormal return
In finance, an abnormal return is the difference between the actual return of a security and the expected return.
See Cryptocurrency and Abnormal return
Academic journal
An academic journal or scholarly journal is a periodical publication in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published.
See Cryptocurrency and Academic journal
Agustín Carstens
Agustín Guillermo Carstens Carstens (born 9 June 1958 in Mexico City) is a Mexican economist who has served as the general manager of the Bank for International Settlements since 1 December 2017.
See Cryptocurrency and Agustín Carstens
Aid agency
An aid agency, also known as development charity, is an organization dedicated to distributing aid.
See Cryptocurrency and Aid agency
Alan Greenspan
Alan Greenspan (born March 6, 1926) is an American economist who served as the 13th chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1987 to 2006.
See Cryptocurrency and Alan Greenspan
Algorand
Algorand is a proof-of-stake blockchain and cryptocurrency.
See Cryptocurrency and Algorand
AMD
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) is an American multinational corporation and fabless semiconductor company based in Santa Clara, California, that designs, develops and sells computer processors and related technologies for business and consumer markets.
Anarcho-capitalism
Anarcho-capitalism (colloquially: ancap or an-cap) is an anti-statist, libertarian political philosophy and economic theory that seeks to abolish centralized states in favor of stateless societies with systems of private property enforced by private agencies, based on concepts such as the non-aggression principle, free markets and self-ownership.
See Cryptocurrency and Anarcho-capitalism
Angus Deaton
Sir Angus Stewart Deaton (born 19 October 1945) is a British-American economist and academic.
See Cryptocurrency and Angus Deaton
Anonymity
Anonymity describes situations where the acting person's identity is unknown.
See Cryptocurrency and Anonymity
Application-specific integrated circuit
An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is an integrated circuit (IC) chip customized for a particular use, rather than intended for general-purpose use, such as a chip designed to run in a digital voice recorder or a high-efficiency video codec.
See Cryptocurrency and Application-specific integrated circuit
Arbitrage
In economics and finance, arbitrage is the practice of taking advantage of a difference in prices in two or more marketsstriking a combination of matching deals to capitalize on the difference, the profit being the difference between the market prices at which the unit is traded.
See Cryptocurrency and Arbitrage
Associated state
An associated state is the minor partner or dependent territory in a formal, free relationship between a political territory (some of them dependent states, most of them fully sovereign) and a major party—usually a larger nation.
See Cryptocurrency and Associated state
Auckland University of Technology
Auckland University of Technology (AUT; Te Wānanga Aronui o Tāmaki Makau Rau) is a university in New Zealand, formed on 1 January 2000 when a former technical college (originally established in 1895) was granted university status.
See Cryptocurrency and Auckland University of Technology
Austrian school of economics
The Austrian school is a heterodox school of economic thought that advocates strict adherence to methodological individualism, the concept that social phenomena result primarily from the motivations and actions of individuals along with their self interest.
See Cryptocurrency and Austrian school of economics
Autorité des Marchés Financiers (France)
The Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF) (English: "Financial Markets Authority") is the securities commission in France.
See Cryptocurrency and Autorité des Marchés Financiers (France)
Avalanche (blockchain platform)
Avalanche is a decentralized, open-source proof of stake blockchain with smart contract functionality.
See Cryptocurrency and Avalanche (blockchain platform)
Baidu
Baidu, Inc. is a Chinese multinational technology company specializing in Internet services and artificial intelligence.
Bakkt
Bakkt Holdings, Inc., headquartered in Alpharetta, Georgia, provides a software as a service (SaaS) and API platform for owning and trading cryptocurrency and redeeming loyalty points.
Bank
A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans.
Bank for International Settlements
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international financial institution which is owned by member central banks.
See Cryptocurrency and Bank for International Settlements
Bank of Thailand
The Bank of Thailand (BOT; abbr. ธปท.; ธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย) is the central bank of Thailand.
See Cryptocurrency and Bank of Thailand
Bankruptcy
Bankruptcy is a legal process through which people or other entities who cannot repay debts to creditors may seek relief from some or all of their debts.
See Cryptocurrency and Bankruptcy
Bankruptcy of FTX
The bankruptcy of FTX, a Bahamas-based cryptocurrency exchange, began in November 2022.
See Cryptocurrency and Bankruptcy of FTX
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) is a committee of banking supervisory authorities that was established by the central bank governors of the Group of Ten (G10) countries in 1974.
See Cryptocurrency and Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
Bill Gates
William Henry Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate best known for co-founding the software company Microsoft with his childhood friend Paul Allen.
See Cryptocurrency and Bill Gates
Binance
Binance Holdings Ltd., branded Binance, is a global company that operates the largest cryptocurrency exchange in terms of daily trading volume of cryptocurrencies.
See Cryptocurrency and Binance
Bitcoin
Bitcoin (abbreviation: BTC; sign: ₿) is the first decentralized cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin are cryptocurrencies.
See Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin
Bitcoin ATM
A Bitcoin ATM (automated teller machine) is a kiosk that allows a person to purchase Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies by using cash or debit card.
See Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin ATM
Bitcoin Gold
Bitcoin Gold (BTG) is a cryptocurrency.
See Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin Gold
Bitcoin protocol
The Bitcoin protocol is the set of rules that govern the functioning of Bitcoin.
See Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin protocol
BlackRock
BlackRock, Inc. is an American multinational investment company.
See Cryptocurrency and BlackRock
BLAKE (hash function)
BLAKE is a cryptographic hash function based on Daniel J. Bernstein's ChaCha stream cipher, but a permuted copy of the input block, XORed with round constants, is added before each ChaCha round.
See Cryptocurrency and BLAKE (hash function)
Blockchain
A blockchain is a distributed ledger with growing lists of records (blocks) that are securely linked together via cryptographic hashes. Cryptocurrency and blockchain are cryptocurrencies and Decentralization.
See Cryptocurrency and Blockchain
Blockchain analysis
Blockchain analysis is the process of inspecting, identifying, clustering, modeling and visually representing data on a cryptographic distributed-ledger known as a blockchain.
See Cryptocurrency and Blockchain analysis
Blockscale
Intel Blockscale was a brand of crypto-mining accelerator ASIC sold by the U.S. chip manufacturer Intel.
See Cryptocurrency and Blockscale
Bloomberg Law
Bloomberg Law is a subscription-based service that uses data analytics and artificial intelligence for online legal research.
See Cryptocurrency and Bloomberg Law
Bloomberg News
Bloomberg News (originally Bloomberg Business News) is an international news agency headquartered in New York City and a division of Bloomberg L.P. Content produced by Bloomberg News is disseminated through Bloomberg Terminals, Bloomberg Television, Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Businessweek, Bloomberg Markets, Bloomberg.com, and Bloomberg's mobile platforms.
See Cryptocurrency and Bloomberg News
Byzantine fault
A Byzantine fault (also Byzantine generals problem, interactive consistency, source congruency, error avalanche, Byzantine agreement problem, and Byzantine failure) is a condition of a computer system, particularly distributed computing systems, where components may fail and there is imperfect information on whether a component has failed.
See Cryptocurrency and Byzantine fault
Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
In Earth's atmosphere, carbon dioxide is a trace gas that plays an integral part in the greenhouse effect, carbon cycle, photosynthesis and oceanic carbon cycle.
See Cryptocurrency and Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
A carbon footprint (or greenhouse gas footprint) is a calculated value or index that makes it possible to compare the total amount of greenhouse gases that an activity, product, company or country adds to the atmosphere.
See Cryptocurrency and Carbon footprint
Cardano (blockchain platform)
Cardano is a public blockchain platform.
See Cryptocurrency and Cardano (blockchain platform)
Cash
In economics, cash is money in the physical form of currency, such as banknotes and coins.
Central bank
A central bank, reserve bank, national bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages the currency and monetary policy of a country or monetary union.
See Cryptocurrency and Central bank
Central bank digital currency
A central bank digital currency (CBDC; also called digital fiat currency or digital base money) is a digital currency issued by a central bank, rather than by a commercial bank.
See Cryptocurrency and Central bank digital currency
Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
The Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT) (Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası, TCMB) is the central bank of Turkey.
See Cryptocurrency and Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
Chainalysis
Chainalysis is an American blockchain analysis firm headquartered in New York City.
See Cryptocurrency and Chainalysis
Chargeback
A chargeback is a return of money to a payer of a transaction, especially a credit card transaction.
See Cryptocurrency and Chargeback
Chia (cryptocurrency)
Chia is a cryptocurrency where mining (or farming, in Chia parlance) is based on the amount of hard disk storage space devoted to it rather than processing power as with proof of work cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin.
See Cryptocurrency and Chia (cryptocurrency)
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.
Client–server model
The client–server model is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients.
See Cryptocurrency and Client–server model
CNBC
CNBC is an American business news channel owned by NBCUniversal News Group, a unit of Comcast's NBCUniversal.
Coincheck
Coincheck is a Japanese bitcoin wallet and exchange service headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, founded by Koichiro Wada and Yusuke Otsuka. Cryptocurrency and Coincheck are cryptocurrencies.
See Cryptocurrency and Coincheck
Commodity
In economics, a commodity is an economic good, usually a resource, that specifically has full or substantial fungibility: that is, the market treats instances of the good as equivalent or nearly so with no regard to who produced them.
See Cryptocurrency and Commodity
Commodity Futures Trading Commission
The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is an independent agency of the US government created in 1974 that regulates the U.S. derivatives markets, which includes futures, swaps, and certain kinds of options.
See Cryptocurrency and Commodity Futures Trading Commission
Computer hardware
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case.
See Cryptocurrency and Computer hardware
Computer network
A computer network is a set of computers sharing resources located on or provided by network nodes.
See Cryptocurrency and Computer network
Computer performance
In computing, computer performance is the amount of useful work accomplished by a computer system.
See Cryptocurrency and Computer performance
Consensus (computer science)
A fundamental problem in distributed computing and multi-agent systems is to achieve overall system reliability in the presence of a number of faulty processes.
See Cryptocurrency and Consensus (computer science)
Contract
A contract is an agreement that specifies certain legally enforceable rights and obligations pertaining to two or more parties.
See Cryptocurrency and Contract
Cook Islands
The Cook Islands (Rarotongan: Kūki ‘Airani; Kūki Airani) is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean.
See Cryptocurrency and Cook Islands
Counterparty
A counterparty (sometimes contraparty) is a legal entity, unincorporated entity, or collection of entities to which an exposure of financial risk may exist.
See Cryptocurrency and Counterparty
Crypto naming controversy
The meaning of the word crypto as an abbreviation is controversial. Cryptocurrency and crypto naming controversy are cryptocurrencies.
See Cryptocurrency and Crypto naming controversy
Cryptocurrency
A cryptocurrency, crypto-currency, or crypto is a digital currency designed to work as a medium of exchange through a computer network that is not reliant on any central authority, such as a government or bank, to uphold or maintain it. Cryptocurrency and cryptocurrency are applications of cryptography, cryptocurrencies, Decentralization and financial technology.
See Cryptocurrency and Cryptocurrency
Cryptocurrency bubble
A cryptocurrency bubble is a phenomenon where the market increasingly considers the going price of cryptocurrency assets to be inflated against their hypothetical value. Cryptocurrency and cryptocurrency bubble are cryptocurrencies.
See Cryptocurrency and Cryptocurrency bubble
Cryptocurrency exchange
A cryptocurrency exchange, or a digital currency exchange (DCE), is a business that allows customers to trade cryptocurrencies or digital currencies for other assets, such as conventional fiat money or other digital currencies. Cryptocurrency and cryptocurrency exchange are cryptocurrencies.
See Cryptocurrency and Cryptocurrency exchange
Cryptocurrency wallet
A cryptocurrency wallet is a device, physical medium, program or an online service which stores the public and/or private keys for cryptocurrency transactions. Cryptocurrency and cryptocurrency wallet are cryptocurrencies.
See Cryptocurrency and Cryptocurrency wallet
Cryptographic hash function
A cryptographic hash function (CHF) is a hash algorithm (a map of an arbitrary binary string to a binary string with a fixed size of n bits) that has special properties desirable for a cryptographic application.
See Cryptocurrency and Cryptographic hash function
Cryptographic protocol
A cryptographic protocol is an abstract or concrete protocol that performs a security-related function and applies cryptographic methods, often as sequences of cryptographic primitives.
See Cryptocurrency and Cryptographic protocol
Cryptography
Cryptography, or cryptology (from κρυπτός|translit.
See Cryptocurrency and Cryptography
CryptoNote
CryptoNote is an application layer protocol designed for use with cryptocurrencies that aims to solve specific problems identified in Bitcoin. Cryptocurrency and CryptoNote are cryptocurrencies.
See Cryptocurrency and CryptoNote
Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba, Isla de la Juventud, archipelagos, 4,195 islands and cays surrounding the main island.
Currency
A currency is a standardization of money in any form, in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, for example banknotes and coins.
See Cryptocurrency and Currency
Curtailment (electricity)
In electric grid power generators, curtailment is the deliberate reduction in output below what could have been produced in order to balance energy supply and demand or due to transmission constraints.
See Cryptocurrency and Curtailment (electricity)
Cybercrime
Cybercrime encompasses a wide range of criminal activities that are carried out using digital devices and/or networks.
See Cryptocurrency and Cybercrime
Danny Sullivan (technologist)
Danny Sullivan is an American technologist, journalist, and entrepreneur.
See Cryptocurrency and Danny Sullivan (technologist)
Darknet market
A darknet market is a commercial website on the dark web that operates via darknets such as Tor and I2P.
See Cryptocurrency and Darknet market
Dash (cryptocurrency)
Dash is an open source cryptocurrency.
See Cryptocurrency and Dash (cryptocurrency)
Database
In computing, a database is an organized collection of data or a type of data store based on the use of a database management system (DBMS), the software that interacts with end users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze the data.
See Cryptocurrency and Database
David Chaum
David Lee Chaum (born 1955) is an American computer scientist, cryptographer, and inventor.
See Cryptocurrency and David Chaum
Decentralization
Decentralization or decentralisation is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those regarding planning and decision-making, are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group and given to smaller factions within it.
See Cryptocurrency and Decentralization
DigiCash
DigiCash Inc. was an electronic money corporation founded by David Chaum in 1989.
See Cryptocurrency and DigiCash
Digital currency
Digital currency (digital money, electronic money or electronic currency) is any currency, money, or money-like asset that is primarily managed, stored or exchanged on digital computer systems, especially over the internet.
See Cryptocurrency and Digital currency
Digital signature
A digital signature is a mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital messages or documents.
See Cryptocurrency and Digital signature
Distributed ledger
A distributed ledger (also called a shared ledger or distributed ledger technology or DLT) is a system whereby replicated, shared, and synchronized digital data is geographically spread (distributed) across many sites, countries, or institutions.
See Cryptocurrency and Distributed ledger
Do Kwon
Kwon Do-Hyung (born September 6, 1991), commonly known as Do Kwon, is a South Korean former businessman and software engineer.
See Cryptocurrency and Do Kwon
Dogecoin
Dogecoin (or, Abbreviation: DOGE; sign: Ð) is a cryptocurrency created by software engineers Billy Markus and Jackson Palmer, who decided to create a payment system as a joke, making fun of the wild speculation in cryptocurrencies at the time.
See Cryptocurrency and Dogecoin
Domain Name System
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical and distributed name service that provides a naming system for computers, services, and other resources on the Internet or other Internet Protocol (IP) networks.
See Cryptocurrency and Domain Name System
Dot-com bubble
The dot-com bubble (or dot-com boom) was a stock market bubble that ballooned during the late-1990s and peaked on Friday, March 10, 2000.
See Cryptocurrency and Dot-com bubble
E-commerce
E-commerce (electronic commerce) is the activity of electronically buying or selling products on online services or over the Internet. Cryptocurrency and e-commerce are applications of cryptography and financial technology.
See Cryptocurrency and E-commerce
Ecash
Ecash was conceived by David Chaum as an anonymous cryptographic electronic money or electronic cash system in 1982.
Economic bubble
An economic bubble (also called a speculative bubble or a financial bubble) is a period when current asset prices greatly exceed their intrinsic valuation, being the valuation that the underlying long-term fundamentals justify.
See Cryptocurrency and Economic bubble
Ekıbastūz
Ekıbastūz (translit,, ەكئباستۇز; Ekibastuz) is a city in Pavlodar Region, northeastern Kazakhstan.
See Cryptocurrency and Ekıbastūz
El Salvador
El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador, is a country in Central America.
See Cryptocurrency and El Salvador
Electronic waste
Electronic waste (or e-waste) describes discarded electrical or electronic devices.
See Cryptocurrency and Electronic waste
Elizabeth Warren
Elizabeth Ann Warren (née Herring; born June 22, 1949) is an American politician and former law professor who is the senior United States senator from Massachusetts, serving since 2013.
See Cryptocurrency and Elizabeth Warren
Embezzlement
Embezzlement (from Anglo-Norman, from Old French besillier ("to torment, etc."), of unknown origin) is a term commonly used for a type of financial crime, usually involving theft of money from a business or employer.
See Cryptocurrency and Embezzlement
Energy consumption
Energy consumption is the amount of energy used.
See Cryptocurrency and Energy consumption
Energy return on investment
In energy economics and ecological energetics, energy return on investment (EROI), also sometimes called energy returned on energy invested (ERoEI), is the ratio of the amount of usable energy (the exergy) delivered from a particular energy resource to the amount of exergy used to obtain that energy resource.
See Cryptocurrency and Energy return on investment
Energy transition
An energy transition (or energy system transformation) is a major structural change to energy supply and consumption in an energy system.
See Cryptocurrency and Energy transition
Ethereum
Ethereum is a decentralized blockchain with smart contract functionality. Cryptocurrency and Ethereum are cryptocurrencies.
See Cryptocurrency and Ethereum
European Central Bank
The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central component of the Eurosystem and the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) as well as one of seven institutions of the European Union.
See Cryptocurrency and European Central Bank
Facebook is a social media and social networking service owned by American technology conglomerate Meta.
See Cryptocurrency and Facebook
Federal Reserve
The Federal Reserve System (often shortened to the Federal Reserve, or simply the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States.
See Cryptocurrency and Federal Reserve
Fiat money
Fiat money is a type of currency that is not backed by a precious metal, such as gold or silver, or backed by any other tangible asset or commodity.
See Cryptocurrency and Fiat money
Field-programmable gate array
A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is a type of configurable integrated circuit that can be repeatedly programmed after manufacturing.
See Cryptocurrency and Field-programmable gate array
Financial Action Task Force
The Financial Action Task Force (on Money Laundering) (FATF, aka "Faftee"), also known by its French name, Groupe d'action financière (GAFI), is an intergovernmental organisation founded in 1989 on the initiative of the G7 to develop policies to combat money laundering and to maintain certain interest.
See Cryptocurrency and Financial Action Task Force
The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) is a financial regulatory body in the United Kingdom.
See Cryptocurrency and Financial Conduct Authority
Financial Innovation and Technology for the 21st Century Act
The Financial Innovation and Technology for the 21st Century Act (FIT21) is a bill in the U.S. Congress to explicitly address the treatment of digital assets under U.S. law.
See Cryptocurrency and Financial Innovation and Technology for the 21st Century Act
Financial Services Compensation Scheme
The Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS) is the UK's statutory compensation scheme for customers of UK authorised financial services firms.
See Cryptocurrency and Financial Services Compensation Scheme
FinCEN Files
The FinCEN Files are documents from the U.S. Treasury's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), that have been leaked to BuzzFeed News and the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), and published globally on 20 September 2020.
See Cryptocurrency and FinCEN Files
Fixed exchange rate system
A fixed exchange rate, often called a pegged exchange rate, is a type of exchange rate regime in which a currency's value is fixed or pegged by a monetary authority against the value of another currency, a basket of other currencies, or another measure of value, such as gold.
See Cryptocurrency and Fixed exchange rate system
Forbes
Forbes is an American business magazine founded by B. C. Forbes in 1917 and owned by Hong Kong-based investment group Integrated Whale Media Investments since 2014.
Fortune (magazine)
Fortune (stylized in all caps) is an American global business magazine headquartered in New York City.
See Cryptocurrency and Fortune (magazine)
Free market
In economics, a free market is an economic system in which the prices of goods and services are determined by supply and demand expressed by sellers and buyers.
See Cryptocurrency and Free market
Friedrich Hayek
Friedrich August von Hayek (8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), often referred to by his initials F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian-British academic, who contributed to economics, political philosophy, psychology, and intellectual history.
See Cryptocurrency and Friedrich Hayek
FTSE 100 Index
The Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index, also called the FTSE 100 Index, FTSE 100, FTSE, or, informally, the "Footsie", is the United Kingdom's best-known stock market index of the 100 most highly capitalised blue chips listed on the London Stock Exchange.
See Cryptocurrency and FTSE 100 Index
FTX
FTX Trading Ltd., commonly known as FTX (short for "Futures Exchange"), is a bankrupt company that formerly operated a cryptocurrency exchange and crypto hedge fund.
Fungibility
In economics and law, fungibility is the property of a good or a commodity whose individual units are essentially interchangeable.
See Cryptocurrency and Fungibility
Gary Gensler
Gary S. Gensler (born October 18, 1957) is an American government official and former Goldman Sachs investment banker serving as the chair of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
See Cryptocurrency and Gary Gensler
GeForce 10 series
The GeForce 10 series is a series of graphics processing units developed by Nvidia, initially based on the Pascal microarchitecture announced in March 2014.
See Cryptocurrency and GeForce 10 series
George Soros
George Soros (born György Schwartz on August 12, 1930) is a Hungarian-American businessman, investor, and philanthropist.
See Cryptocurrency and George Soros
Google LLC is an American multinational corporation and technology company focusing on online advertising, search engine technology, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, consumer electronics, and artificial intelligence (AI).
Government
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state.
See Cryptocurrency and Government
Government of China
The government of the People's Republic of China is based on a system of people's congress within the parameters of a unitary communist state, in which the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) enacts its policies through people's congresses.
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Government of Ukraine
The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (translit; shortened to CabMin), commonly referred to as the Government of Ukraine (Уряд України, Uriad Ukrainy), is the highest body of state executive power in Ukraine.
See Cryptocurrency and Government of Ukraine
GPU mining
GPU mining is the use of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to "mine" proof-of-work cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin. Cryptocurrency and GPU mining are cryptocurrencies.
See Cryptocurrency and GPU mining
Graphics card
A graphics card (also called a video card, display card, graphics accelerator, graphics adapter, VGA card/VGA, video adapter, display adapter, or colloquially GPU) is a computer expansion card that generates a feed of graphics output to a display device such as a monitor.
See Cryptocurrency and Graphics card
Greater fool theory
In finance, the greater fool theory suggests that one can sometimes make money through speculation on overvalued items with a purchase price drastically exceeding the intrinsic valueif those assets can later be resold at an even higher price.
See Cryptocurrency and Greater fool theory
Greece
Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe.
Greenhouse gas emissions
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities intensify the greenhouse effect.
See Cryptocurrency and Greenhouse gas emissions
Greenpeace USA
Greenpeace USA is the United States affiliate of Greenpeace International, an environmental nonprofit organization that spawned a social movement inspired by direct actions on the high seas to stop whaling and nuclear testing.
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Harvard Business Review
Harvard Business Review (HBR) is a general management magazine published by Harvard Business Publishing, a not-for-profit, independent corporation that is an affiliate of Harvard Business School.
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Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Hash function
A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to fixed-size values, though there are some hash functions that support variable length output.
See Cryptocurrency and Hash function
Hashrate
The proof-of-work distributed computing schemes, including Bitcoin, frequently use cryptographic hashes as a proof-of-work algorithm.
See Cryptocurrency and Hashrate
Hedge (finance)
A hedge is an investment position intended to offset potential losses or gains that may be incurred by a companion investment.
See Cryptocurrency and Hedge (finance)
Hedge fund
A hedge fund is a pooled investment fund that holds liquid assets and that makes use of complex trading and risk management techniques to improve investment performance and insulate returns from market risk.
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Hemant Batra
Hemant Batra (born 15 August 1967) is an Indian business, public policy, corporate and commercial senior practicing lawyer, newspaper – columnist writer author, TV anchor/Host, public speaker, commentator (law & public policy), mentor, and legal counsel.
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HM Treasury
His Majesty's Treasury (HM Treasury), occasionally referred to as the Exchequer, or more informally the Treasury, is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom.
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Howard Marks (investor)
Howard Stanley Marks (born 1945 or 1946) is an American investor and writer.
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Hydro-Québec
Hydro-Québec is a Canadian Crown corporation public utility headquartered in Montreal, Quebec.
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Hyun-Song Shin
Hyun Song Shin (born 1959) is a South Korean economic theorist and financial economist who focuses on global games.
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IEEE Spectrum
IEEE Spectrum is a magazine edited by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
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Initial coin offering
An initial coin offering (ICO) or initial currency offering is a type of funding using cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrency and initial coin offering are cryptocurrencies.
See Cryptocurrency and Initial coin offering
Intel
Intel Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and incorporated in Delaware.
Internal Revenue Service
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the revenue service for the United States federal government, which is responsible for collecting U.S. federal taxes and administering the Internal Revenue Code, the main body of the federal statutory tax law.
See Cryptocurrency and Internal Revenue Service
International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 190 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of last resort to national governments, and a leading supporter of exchange-rate stability.
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Interpol notice
An Interpol notice is an international alert circulated by Interpol to communicate information about crimes, criminals, and threats by police in a member state (or an authorised international entity) to their counterparts around the world.
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IOTA (technology)
IOTA is an open-source distributed ledger and cryptocurrency designed for the Internet of things (IoT).
See Cryptocurrency and IOTA (technology)
IP address
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label such as that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.
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Jack Ma
Jack Ma Yun (born September 10, 1964) is a Chinese business magnate, investor and philanthropist.
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James Heckman
James Joseph Heckman (born April 19, 1944) is an American economist and Nobel laureate who serves as the Henry Schultz Distinguished Service Professor in Economics at the University of Chicago, where he is also a professor at the College, a professor at the Harris School of Public Policy, Director of the Center for the Economics of Human Development (CEHD), and Co-Director of Human Capital and Economic Opportunity (HCEO) Global Working Group.
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Jamie Dimon
James Dimon (born March 13, 1956) is an American banker and businessman who has been the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of JPMorgan Chase since 2006.
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John Birch Society
The John Birch Society (JBS) is an American right-wing political advocacy group.
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Jordan
Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia.
Joseph Stiglitz
Joseph Eugene Stiglitz (born February 9, 1943) is an American New Keynesian economist, a public policy analyst, political activist, and a full professor at Columbia University.
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JPMorgan Chase
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (stylized as JPMorganChase) is an American multinational finance company headquartered in New York City and incorporated in Delaware.
See Cryptocurrency and JPMorgan Chase
JSON
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation, pronounced or) is an open standard file format and data interchange format that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data objects consisting of attribute–value pairs and arrays (or other serializable values).
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country mostly in Central Asia, with a part in Eastern Europe.
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Know your customer
Know Your Customer (KYC) guidelines and regulations in financial services require professionals to verify the identity, suitability, and risks involved with maintaining a business relationship with a customer.
See Cryptocurrency and Know your customer
Kraken (company)
Kraken (legally named Payward, Inc.) is a United States–based cryptocurrency exchange, founded in 2011.
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Law of obligations
The law of obligations is one branch of private law under the civil law legal system and so-called "mixed" legal systems.
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Ledger
A ledger is a book or collection of accounts in which accounting transactions are recorded.
Ledger (journal)
Ledger is the first peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to cryptocurrency and blockchain technology research. Cryptocurrency and Ledger (journal) are cryptocurrencies.
See Cryptocurrency and Ledger (journal)
Legal tender
Legal tender is a form of money that courts of law are required to recognize as satisfactory payment for any monetary debt.
See Cryptocurrency and Legal tender
Legality of cryptocurrency by country or territory
The legal status of cryptocurrencies varies substantially from one jurisdiction to another, and is still undefined or changing in many of them. Cryptocurrency and Legality of cryptocurrency by country or territory are cryptocurrencies.
See Cryptocurrency and Legality of cryptocurrency by country or territory
Legislative Assembly of El Salvador
The Legislative Assembly (Asamblea Legislativa) is the legislative branch of the government of El Salvador.
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Libertarianism
Libertarianism (from libertaire, itself from the lit) is a political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core value.
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Liberty Lobby
Liberty Lobby was a far-right think tank and lobby group founded in 1958 by Willis Carto.
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Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington, D.C. that serves as the library and research service of the U.S. Congress and the de facto national library of the United States.
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Line Corporation
was a Japanese Internet company.
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LinkedIn is a business and employment-focused social media platform that works through websites and mobile apps.
See Cryptocurrency and LinkedIn
List of cryptocurrencies
Since the creation of bitcoin in 2009, the number of new cryptocurrencies has expanded rapidly. Cryptocurrency and List of cryptocurrencies are cryptocurrencies.
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List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economic Sciences
The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, officially known as The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (Swedish: Sveriges riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne), is an award funded by Sveriges Riksbank and is annually awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to researchers in the field of economic sciences.
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List price
The list price, also known as the manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP), or the recommended retail price (RRP), or the suggested retail price (SRP) of a product is the price at which its manufacturer notionally recommends that a retailer sell the product.
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Litecoin
Litecoin (Abbreviation: LTC; sign: Ł) is a decentralized peer-to-peer cryptocurrency and open-source software project released under the MIT/X11 license.
See Cryptocurrency and Litecoin
Mail and wire fraud
Mail fraud and wire fraud are terms used in the United States to describe the use of a physical (e.g., the U.S. Postal Service) or electronic (e.g., a phone, a telegram, a fax, or the Internet) mail system to defraud another, and are U.S. federal crimes.
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Mailchimp
Mailchimp is a marketing automation and email marketing platform.
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Mark Brown (Cook Islands)
Mark Stephen Brown (born 28 February 1963) is a Cook Islands politician and Prime Minister of the Cook Islands.
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Market capitalization
Market capitalization, sometimes referred to as market cap, is the total value of a publicly traded company's outstanding common shares owned by stockholders.
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Mastercard
Mastercard Inc. (stylized as MasterCard from 1979 to 2016, mastercard from 2016 to 2019) is an American multinational payment card services corporation headquartered in Purchase, New York.
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Medium of exchange
In economics, a medium of exchange is any item that is widely acceptable in exchange for goods and services.
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Microsoft Bing
Microsoft Bing, commonly referred to as Bing, is a search engine owned and operated by Microsoft.
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Mining pool
In the context of cryptocurrency mining, a mining pool is the pooling of resources by miners, who share their processing power over a network, to split the reward equally, according to the amount of work they contributed to the probability of finding a block. Cryptocurrency and mining pool are cryptocurrencies and Decentralization.
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Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)
The Minister of Foreign Affairs, also known as the Foreign Minister, is a senior minister in the New Zealand Government heading the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade and responsible for relations with foreign countries.
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Mirror Trading International
Mirror Trading International (MTI), declared a pyramid scheme by the South African High Court, was a cryptocurrency trading platform promising automated trading services with significant returns.
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Monero
Monero (Abbreviation: XMR) is a cryptocurrency which uses a blockchain with privacy-enhancing technologies to obfuscate transactions to achieve anonymity and fungibility.
Money laundering
Money laundering is the process of illegally concealing the origin of money, obtained from illicit activities such as drug trafficking, corruption, embezzlement or gambling, by converting it into a legitimate source.
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Moratorium (law)
A moratorium is a delay or suspension of an activity or a law.
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Morgan Stanley
Morgan Stanley is an American multinational investment bank and financial services company headquartered at 1585 Broadway in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.
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Mt. Gox
Mt. Gox was a Bitcoin exchange based in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan. Launched in 2006 as a tradable card game service, Mt. Gox transitioned into a Bitcoin exchange by 2010 and handled over 70% of all Bitcoin transactions globally by early 2014. In February 2014, Mt. Gox suspended trading, closed its website and exchange service, and filed for bankruptcy protection from creditors.
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Namecoin
Namecoin (Abbreviation: NMC; sign: \mathbb) is a cryptocurrency originally forked from bitcoin software.
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Nano (cryptocurrency)
Nano (Abbreviation: XNO) is a cryptocurrency characterized by a directed acyclic graph data structure and distributed ledger, making it possible for Nano to work without intermediaries.
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Nasdaq-100
The Nasdaq-100 (^NDX) is a stock market index made up of equity securities issued by 100 of the largest non-financial companies listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange.
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National Bureau of Economic Research
The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is an American private nonprofit research organization "committed to undertaking and disseminating unbiased economic research among public policymakers, business professionals, and the academic community." The NBER is known for proposing start and end dates for recessions in the United States.
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National Conference of State Legislatures
The National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL), established in 1975, is a "nonpartisan public officials' association composed of sitting state legislators" from the states, territories and commonwealths of the United States.
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National Security Agency
The National Security Agency (NSA) is an intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI).
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Nayib Bukele
Nayib Armando Bukele Ortez (born 24 July 1981) is a Salvadoran politician and businessman who has been the 81st president of El Salvador since 1 June 2019.
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NBC News
NBC News is the news division of the American broadcast television network NBC.
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Network effect
In economics, a network effect (also called network externality or demand-side economies of scale) is the phenomenon by which the value or utility a user derives from a good or service depends on the number of users of compatible products.
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NiceHash
NiceHash is a cryptocurrency broker and exchange with an open marketplace for buyers and sellers of hashing power. Cryptocurrency and NiceHash are cryptocurrencies.
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Nick Szabo
Nicholas Szabo is a computer scientist, legal scholar, and cryptographer known for his research in smart contracts and digital currency.
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Non-fungible token
A non-fungible token (NFT) is a unique digital identifier that is recorded on a blockchain and is used to certify ownership and authenticity. Cryptocurrency and non-fungible token are cryptocurrencies.
See Cryptocurrency and Non-fungible token
North American Securities Administrators Association
The North American Securities Administrators Association (NASAA), founded in Kansas in 1919, is the oldest international investor protection organization.
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North Korea
North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia.
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Nout Wellink
Arnout Henricus Elisabeth Maria "Nout" Wellink (born 27 August 1943) is a Dutch economist and former central banker.
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Numerus clausus (law)
The numerus clausus is a concept of property law which limits the number of types of right that the courts will acknowledge as having the character of "property".
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Nvidia
Nvidia Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and incorporated in Delaware.
Oaktree Capital Management
Oaktree Capital Management, Inc. is an American global asset management firm specializing in alternative investment strategies.
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Obfuscation
Obfuscation is the obscuring of the intended meaning of communication by making the message difficult to understand, usually with confusing and ambiguous language.
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Oliver Hart (economist)
Sir Oliver Simon D'Arcy Hart (born October 9, 1948) is a British-born American economist, currently the Lewis P. and Linda L. Geyser University Professor at Harvard University.
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Oxford Review of Economic Policy
Oxford Review of Economic Policy is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of economics.
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Paul Krugman
Paul Robin Krugman (born February 28, 1953) is an American economist who is the Distinguished Professor of Economics at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York and a columnist for The New York Times.
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Peer review
Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work (peers).
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Peer-to-peer
Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads between peers.
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Peercoin
Peercoin, also known as Peer-to-Peer Coin, PP Coin, or PPC, is a cryptocurrency utilizing both proof-of-stake and proof-of-work systems.
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People's Bank of China
The People's Bank of China (officially PBC and unofficially PBOC) is the central bank of the People's Republic of China.
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Plattsburgh, New York
Plattsburgh is a city in and the county seat of Clinton County, New York, United States, situated on the north-western shore of Lake Champlain.
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Plea bargain
A plea bargain (also plea agreement or plea deal) is an agreement in criminal law proceedings, whereby the prosecutor provides a concession to the defendant in exchange for a plea of guilt or nolo contendere. This may mean that the defendant will plead guilty to a less serious charge, or to one of the several charges, in return for the dismissal of other charges; or it may mean that the defendant will plead guilty to the original criminal charge in return for a more lenient sentence.
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Political science
Political science is the scientific study of politics.
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Polkadot (cryptocurrency)
Polkadot is a blockchain platform and cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency and Polkadot (cryptocurrency) are cryptocurrencies.
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Polygon (website)
Polygon is an American entertainment website by Vox Media covering video games, movies, television, and other popular culture.
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Polytechnic University of Catalonia
The Technical University of Catalonia (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya,, Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña; UPC), currently referred to as BarcelonaTech, is the largest polytechnic university in Catalonia, Spain.
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Ponzi scheme
A Ponzi scheme is a form of fraud that lures investors and pays profits to earlier investors with funds from more recent investors.
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Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
The prime minister of the Cook Islands is the head of government of the Cook Islands, a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand.
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Proof of stake
Proof-of-stake (PoS) protocols are a class of consensus mechanisms for blockchains that work by selecting validators in proportion to their quantity of holdings in the associated cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency and Proof of stake are cryptocurrencies.
See Cryptocurrency and Proof of stake
Proof of work
Proof of work (PoW) is a form of cryptographic proof in which one party (the prover) proves to others (the verifiers) that a certain amount of a specific computational effort has been expended. Cryptocurrency and proof of work are cryptocurrencies.
See Cryptocurrency and Proof of work
Property law
Property law is the area of law that governs the various forms of ownership in real property (land) and personal property.
See Cryptocurrency and Property law
ProShares is an issuer of exchange-traded funds, including inverse exchange-traded funds, and similar products.
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Pseudonym
A pseudonym or alias is a fictitious name that a person assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true name (orthonym). Cryptocurrency and pseudonym are applications of cryptography.
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Public policy
Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions to solve or address relevant and real-world problems, guided by a conception and often implemented by programs.
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Public-key cryptography
Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is the field of cryptographic systems that use pairs of related keys.
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Purchasing power
Purchasing power refers to the amount of products and services available for purchase with a certain currency unit.
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PwC
PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited is a multinational professional services brand of firms, operating as partnerships under the PwC brand.
Pyramid scheme
A pyramid scheme is a business model which, rather than earning money (or providing returns on investments) by sale of legitimate products to an end consumer, mainly earns money by recruiting new members with the promise of payments (or services).
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Real-estate bubble
A real-estate bubble or property bubble (or housing bubble for residential markets) is a type of economic bubble that occurs periodically in local or global real estate markets, and it typically follows a land boom.
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Realm of New Zealand
The Realm of New Zealand is the area over which the monarch of New Zealand is head of state.
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Record (computer science)
In computer science, a record (also called a structure, struct, or compound data type) is a composite data structure a collection of fields, possibly of different data types, typically fixed in number and sequence.
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Remittance
A remittance is a non-commercial transfer of money by a foreign worker, a member of a diaspora community, or a citizen with familial ties abroad, for household income in their home country or homeland.
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Reuters
Reuters is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters.
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Richard B. Spencer
Richard Bertrand Spencer (born May 11, 1978) is an American neo-Nazi, antisemitic conspiracy theorist, and white supremacist.
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Richard Thaler
Richard H. Thaler (born September 12, 1945) is an American economist and the Charles R. Walgreen Distinguished Service Professor of Behavioral Science and Economics at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
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Ripple (payment protocol)
Ripple is a real-time gross settlement system, currency exchange and remittance network that is open to financial institutions worldwide and was created by Ripple Labs Inc., a US-based technology company.
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Robert J. Shiller
Robert James Shiller (born March 29, 1946) is an American economist, academic, and author.
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Roger Lowenstein
Roger Lowenstein (born 1954) is an American financial journalist and writer.
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Roger Ver
Roger Keith Ver (born 27 January 1979) is an early investor in Bitcoin, Bitcoin-related startups and an early promoter of Bitcoin, and sometimes known as Bitcoin Jesus.
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Ron Paul
Ronald Ernest Paul (born August 20, 1935) is an American author, activist, physician and retired politician who served as the U.S. representative for Texas's 22nd congressional district from 1976 to 1977 and again from 1979 to 1985, as well as for Texas's 14th congressional district from 1997 to 2013.
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Russian invasion of Ukraine
On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which started in 2014.
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Russian ruble
The ruble or rouble (rublʹ; symbol: ₽; abbreviation: руб or р. in Cyrillic, Rub in Latin; ISO code: RUB) is the currency of the Russian Federation.
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Sam Bankman-Fried
Samuel Benjamin Bankman-Fried (born March 5, 1992), commonly known as SBF, is an American entrepreneur who was convicted of fraud and related crimes in November 2023.
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Satoshi Nakamoto
Satoshi Nakamoto is the name used by the presumed pseudonymous person or persons who developed Bitcoin, authored the Bitcoin white paper, and created and deployed Bitcoin's original reference implementation.
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Scrypt
In cryptography, scrypt (pronounced "ess crypt") is a password-based key derivation function created by Colin Percival in March 2009, originally for the Tarsnap online backup service.
Search and seizure
Search and seizure is a procedure used in many civil law and common law legal systems by which police or other authorities and their agents, who, suspecting that a crime has been committed, commence a search of a person's property and confiscate any relevant evidence found in connection to the crime.
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Secure by design
Secure by design, in software engineering, means that software products and capabilities have been designed to be foundationally secure.
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Security (finance)
A security is a tradable financial asset.
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SegWit
Segregated Witness, or SegWit, is the name used for an implemented soft fork change in the transaction format of Bitcoin.
SHA-2
SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001.
SHA-3
SHA-3 (Secure Hash Algorithm 3) is the latest member of the Secure Hash Algorithm family of standards, released by NIST on August 5, 2015.
Silk Road (marketplace)
Silk Road was an online black market and the first modern darknet market.
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Smart contract
A smart contract is a computer program or a transaction protocol that is intended to automatically execute, control or document events and actions according to the terms of a contract or an agreement. Cryptocurrency and smart contract are cryptocurrencies.
See Cryptocurrency and Smart contract
Snapchat
Snapchat is an American multimedia instant messaging app and service developed by Snap Inc., originally Snapchat Inc.
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Software
Software consists of computer programs that instruct the execution of a computer.
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Solana (blockchain platform)
Solana is a blockchain platform which uses a proof-of-stake mechanism to provide smart contract functionality. Cryptocurrency and Solana (blockchain platform) are cryptocurrencies.
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South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is the regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union of states in South Asia.
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South Sea Company
The South Sea Company (officially: The Governor and Company of the merchants of Great Britain, trading to the South Seas and other parts of America and for the encouragement of the Fishery) was a British joint-stock company founded in January 1711, created as a public-private partnership to consolidate and reduce the cost of the national debt.
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Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, historically known as Ceylon, and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia.
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Stablecoin
A stablecoin is a type of cryptocurrency where the value of the digital asset is supposed to be pegged to a reference asset, which is either fiat money, exchange-traded commodities (such as precious metals or industrial metals), or another cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency and stablecoin are cryptocurrencies.
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Steve Bannon
Stephen Kevin Bannon (born November 27, 1953) is an American media executive, political strategist, and former investment banker.
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Stock
Stocks (also capital stock, or sometimes interchangeably, shares) consist of all the shares by which ownership of a corporation or company is divided.
Strong cryptography
Strong cryptography or cryptographically strong are general terms used to designate the cryptographic algorithms that, when used correctly, provide a very high (usually insurmountable) level of protection against any eavesdropper, including the government agencies.
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Supply and demand
In microeconomics, supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a market.
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Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority
The Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA; eidgenössische Finanzmarktaufsicht, Autorité fédérale de surveillance des marchés financiers, Autorità federale di vigilanza sui mercati finanziari) is the Swiss government body responsible for financial regulation.
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Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe.
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Tax evasion
Tax evasion is an illegal attempt to defeat the imposition of taxes by individuals, corporations, trusts, and others.
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Tea Party movement
The Tea Party movement was an American fiscally conservative political movement within the Republican Party that began in 2009.
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Tencent
Tencent Holdings Ltd. is a Chinese multinational technology conglomerate and holding company headquartered in Shenzhen.
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Terra (blockchain)
Terra is a blockchain protocol and payment platform used for algorithmic stablecoins.
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Terrorism financing
Terrorism financing is the provision of funds or providing financial support to individual terrorists or non-state actors.
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Tether (cryptocurrency)
Tether (often referred to by its currency codes, USD₮ and USDT, among others) is a cryptocurrency stablecoin, launched by the company Tether Limited Inc.
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Tezos
Tezos is an open-source blockchain that can execute peer-to-peer transactions and serve as a platform for deploying smart contracts. Cryptocurrency and Tezos are cryptocurrencies.
The Economist
The Economist is a British weekly newspaper published in printed magazine format and digitally.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
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The Times
The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London.
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The Times of Israel
The Times of Israel is an Israeli multi-language online newspaper that was launched in 2012.
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The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), also referred to simply as the Journal, is an American newspaper based in New York City, with a focus on business and finance.
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Thomas J. Sargent
Thomas John Sargent (born July 19, 1943) is an American economist and the W.R. Berkley Professor of Economics and Business at New York University.
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Tobias Adrian
Tobias Adrian (born 23 July 1971) is a German and American economist who has been Financial Counsellor of the International Monetary Fund and Head of their Monetary and Capital Markets Department since 2017.
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Transaction malleability problem
The transaction malleability problem is a vulnerability in blockchain which can be exploited by altering a cryptographic hash, such as the digital signature used to identify a cryptocurrency transaction.
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Trusted timestamping
Trusted timestamping is the process of securely keeping track of the creation and modification time of a document.
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Tulip mania
Tulip mania (tulpenmanie) was a period during the Dutch Golden Age when contract prices for some bulbs of the recently introduced and fashionable tulip reached extraordinarily high levels.
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TVNZ
Television New Zealand (Te Reo Tātaki o Aotearoa), more commonly referred to as TVNZ, is a television network that is broadcast throughout New Zealand and parts of the Pacific region.
X, commonly referred to by its former name Twitter, is a social networking service.
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U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is an independent agency of the United States federal government, created in the aftermath of the Wall Street Crash of 1929.
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UNICEF
UNICEF, originally the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, officially United Nations Children's Fund since 1953, is an agency of the United Nations responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide.
United States Attorney General
The United States attorney general (AG) is the head of the United States Department of Justice, and is the chief law enforcement officer of the federal government of the United States.
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United States Congress
The United States Congress, or simply Congress, is the legislature of the federal government of the United States.
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United States Department of Justice
The United States Department of Justice (DOJ), also known as the Justice Department, is a federal executive department of the United States government tasked with the enforcement of federal law and administration of justice in the United States.
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United States Department of the Treasury
The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is the national treasury and finance department of the federal government of the United States, where it serves as an executive department.
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United States House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber.
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United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
The United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs (formerly the Committee on Banking and Currency), also known as the Senate Banking Committee, has jurisdiction over matters related to banks and banking, price controls, deposit insurance, export promotion and controls, federal monetary policy, financial aid to commerce and industry, issuance of redemption of notes, currency and coinage, public and private housing, urban development, mass transit and government contracts.
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University of Otago
The University of Otago (Ōtākou Whakaihu Waka) is a public research collegiate university based in Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.
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University of Pittsburgh
The University of Pittsburgh (also known as Pitt) is a public state-related research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.
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University of Texas at Austin
The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin, UT, or Texas) is a public research university in Austin, Texas.
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Variable renewable energy
Variable renewable energy (VRE) or intermittent renewable energy sources (IRES) are renewable energy sources that are not dispatchable due to their fluctuating nature, such as wind power and solar power, as opposed to controllable renewable energy sources, such as dammed hydroelectricity or bioenergy, or relatively constant sources, such as geothermal power.
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Vítor Constâncio
Vítor Manuel Ribeiro Constâncio (born 12 October 1943) is a Portuguese economist and academic who most recently served as Vice President of the European Central Bank, from 2010 to 2018.
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Venmo
Venmo is an American mobile payment service founded in 2009 and owned by PayPal since 2013.
Virgil Griffith
Virgil Griffith (born 1983), is an American programmer.
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Virtual currency law in the United States
United States virtual currency law is financial regulation as applied to transactions in virtual currency in the U.S. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission has regulated and may continue to regulate virtual currencies as commodities.
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Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who is the president of Russia.
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Warren Buffett
Warren Edward Buffett (born August 30, 1930) is an American businessman, investor, and philanthropist who currently serves as the chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway.
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Wash trade
Wash trading is a form of market manipulation in which an entity simultaneously sells and buys the same financial instruments, creating a false impression of market activity without incurring market risk or changing the entity's market position.
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Webster's Dictionary
Webster's Dictionary is any of the English language dictionaries edited in the early 19th century by Noah Webster (1758–1843), an American lexicographer, as well as numerous related or unrelated dictionaries that have adopted the Webster's name in his honor.
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Wei Dai
Wei Dai (c or c) is a computer engineer known for contributions to cryptography and cryptocurrencies.
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Weibo Corporation
Weibo Corporation is a Chinese social network company known for the microblogging website Sina Weibo.
See Cryptocurrency and Weibo Corporation
Winston Peters
Winston Raymond Peters (born 11 April 1945) is a New Zealand politician who has been the leader of New Zealand First since it was founded in 1993.
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Wired (magazine)
Wired (stylized in all caps) is a monthly American magazine, published in print and online editions, that focuses on how emerging technologies affect culture, the economy, and politics.
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Yandex
Yandex LLC (p) is a Russian multinational technology company providing Internet-related products and services, including an Internet search engine called Yandex Search, launched in 1997, information services, e-commerce, transportation, maps and navigation, mobile applications, and online advertising.
Zcash
Zcash is a privacy-focused cryptocurrency which is based on Bitcoin's codebase.
Zero-knowledge proof
In cryptography, a zero-knowledge proof or zero-knowledge protocol is a method by which one party (the prover) can prove to another party (the verifier) that some given statement is true, while avoiding conveying to the verifier any information beyond the mere fact of that statement's truth.
See Cryptocurrency and Zero-knowledge proof
Zerocoin protocol
Zerocoin is a privacy protocol proposed in 2013 by Johns Hopkins University professor Matthew D. Green and his graduate students, Ian Miers and Christina Garman. Cryptocurrency and Zerocoin protocol are cryptocurrencies.
See Cryptocurrency and Zerocoin protocol
1 News
1News is the news division of New Zealand television network TVNZ.
401(k)
In the United States, a 401(k) plan is an employer-sponsored, defined-contribution, personal pension (savings) account, as defined in subsection 401(k) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code.
See also
Applications of cryptography
- All-or-nothing transform
- Authentication
- Bingo voting
- Blockchains
- Broadcast encryption
- Code signing
- Confidentiality
- Crypto-anarchism
- Crypto-anarchy
- Cryptocurrency
- DRE-i with enhanced privacy
- Decentralized autonomous organization
- Digital rights management
- E-commerce
- Financial cryptography
- Foreign instrumentation signals intelligence
- Friend-to-friend
- Kleptography
- LinOTP
- MultiOTP
- OpenBSD Cryptographic Framework
- OpenPuff
- Passwordless authentication
- Prêt à Voter
- Pseudonym
- Publicly verifiable secret sharing
- Punchscan
- Radiofrequency MASINT
- Ransomware
- Risk-based authentication
- Rublon
- Scantegrity
- Signals intelligence by alliances, nations and industries
- Signals intelligence operational platforms by nation
- Steganography tools
- Traitor tracing
- WikiLeaks
- X.1035
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency
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Sargent, Tobias Adrian, Transaction malleability problem, Trusted timestamping, Tulip mania, TVNZ, Twitter, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, UNICEF, United States Attorney General, United States Congress, United States Department of Justice, United States Department of the Treasury, United States House of Representatives, United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, University of Otago, University of Pittsburgh, University of Texas at Austin, Variable renewable energy, Vítor Constâncio, Venmo, Virgil Griffith, Virtual currency law in the United States, Vladimir Putin, Warren Buffett, Wash trade, Webster's Dictionary, Wei Dai, Weibo Corporation, Winston Peters, Wired (magazine), Yandex, Zcash, Zero-knowledge proof, Zerocoin protocol, 1 News, 401(k).