Cytokinin, the Glossary
Cytokinins (CK) are a class of plant hormones that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.[1]
Table of Contents
71 relations: Adenosine diphosphate, Adenosine monophosphate, Adenosine triphosphate, Agrochemical, Aleksander Jabłoński, Apical dominance, Arabidopsis thaliana, Autoclave, Autophosphorylation, Auxin, Axillary bud, Bacteria, Biological pest control, Biosynthesis, Callus (cell biology), Cambium, Catalysis, Cell (biology), Cell division, Cellular differentiation, Coconut, Cotton, Cytokine, Cytokinesis, Cytokinin signaling and response regulator protein, Datura, Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, Endoplasmic reticulum, Endosperm, Folke K. Skoog, Germination, Gottlieb Haberlandt, Ground tissue, Herring, Histidine kinase, Isoprene, Julius Wiesner, Kinetin, Maize, Moss, Nicotiana tabacum, Non-mevalonate pathway, Nutrient, Plant hormone, Plant senescence, Pleiotropy, Potato, Prenylation, Protein, Protonema, ... Expand index (21 more) »
- Aging-related substances in plants
- Cytokinins
- Plant hormones
Adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), also known as adenosine pyrophosphate (APP), is an important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells.
See Cytokinin and Adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), also known as 5'-adenylic acid, is a nucleotide.
See Cytokinin and Adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis.
See Cytokinin and Adenosine triphosphate
Agrochemical
An agrochemical or agrichemical, a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a chemical product used in industrial agriculture.
See Cytokinin and Agrochemical
Aleksander Jabłoński
Aleksander Jabłoński (born 26 February 1898 in Woskresenówka, in Imperial Russia, died 9 September 1980 in Skierniewice, Poland) was a Polish physicist and member of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
See Cytokinin and Aleksander Jabłoński
Apical dominance
In botany, apical dominance is the phenomenon whereby the main, central stem of the plant is dominant over (i.e., grows more strongly than) other side stems; on a branch the main stem of the branch is further dominant over its own side twigs.
See Cytokinin and Apical dominance
Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana, the thale cress, mouse-ear cress or arabidopsis, is a small plant from the mustard family (Brassicaceae), native to Eurasia and Africa.
See Cytokinin and Arabidopsis thaliana
Autoclave
An autoclave is a machine used to carry out industrial and scientific processes requiring elevated temperature and pressure in relation to ambient pressure and/or temperature.
Autophosphorylation
Autophosphorylation is a type of post-translational modification of proteins.
See Cytokinin and Autophosphorylation
Auxin
Auxins (plural of auxin) are a class of plant hormones (or plant-growth regulators) with some morphogen-like characteristics.
Axillary bud
The axillary bud (or lateral bud) is an embryonic or organogenic shoot located in the axil of a leaf.
See Cytokinin and Axillary bud
Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.
Biological pest control
Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests, whether pest animals such as insects and mites, weeds, or pathogens affecting animals or plants by using other organisms.
See Cytokinin and Biological pest control
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis, i.e., chemical synthesis occuring in biological contexts, is a term most often referring to multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed processes where chemical substances absorbed as nutrients (or previously converted through biosynthesis) serve as enzyme substrates, with conversion by the living organism either into simpler or more complex products.
See Cytokinin and Biosynthesis
Callus (cell biology)
Plant callus (plural calluses or calli) is a growing mass of unorganized plant parenchyma cells.
See Cytokinin and Callus (cell biology)
Cambium
A cambium (cambiums or cambia), in plants, is a tissue layer that provides partially undifferentiated cells for plant growth.
Catalysis
Catalysis is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst.
Cell (biology)
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.
See Cytokinin and Cell (biology)
Cell division
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells.
See Cytokinin and Cell division
Cellular differentiation
Cellular differentiation is the process in which a stem cell changes from one type to a differentiated one.
See Cytokinin and Cellular differentiation
Coconut
The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos.
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae.
Cytokine
Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–25 kDa) important in cell signaling.
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis is the part of the cell division process and part of mitosis during which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two daughter cells.
Cytokinin signaling and response regulator protein
A cytokinin signaling and response regulator protein is a plant protein that is involved in a two step cytokinin signaling and response regulation pathway. Cytokinin and cytokinin signaling and response regulator protein are cytokinins.
See Cytokinin and Cytokinin signaling and response regulator protein
Datura
Datura is a genus of nine species of highly poisonous, vespertine-flowering plants belonging to the nightshade family (Solanaceae).
Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate
Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP; or alternatively, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP); also isoprenyl pyrophosphate) is an isoprenoid precursor.
See Cytokinin and Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate
Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a part of a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding.
See Cytokinin and Endoplasmic reticulum
Endosperm
The endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seeds of most of the flowering plants following double fertilization.
Folke K. Skoog
Folke Karl Skoog (July 15, 1908 – February 15, 2001) was a Swedish-born American plant physiologist who was a pioneer in the field of plant growth regulators, particularly cytokinins.
See Cytokinin and Folke K. Skoog
Germination
Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or spore.
Gottlieb Haberlandt
Gottlieb Haberlandt (28 November 1854 – 30 January 1945) was an Austrian botanist.
See Cytokinin and Gottlieb Haberlandt
Ground tissue
The ground tissue of plants includes all tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular.
See Cytokinin and Ground tissue
Herring
Herring are forage fish, mostly belonging to the family of Clupeidae.
Histidine kinase
Histidine kinases (HK) are multifunctional, and in non-animal kingdoms, typically transmembrane, proteins of the transferase class of enzymes that play a role in signal transduction across the cellular membrane.
See Cytokinin and Histidine kinase
Isoprene
Isoprene, or 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, is a common volatile organic compound with the formula CH2.
Julius Wiesner
Dr.
See Cytokinin and Julius Wiesner
Kinetin
Kinetin (/'kaɪnɪtɪn/) is a cytokinin-like synthetic plant hormone that promotes cell division in plants. Cytokinin and Kinetin are cytokinins.
Maize
Maize (Zea mays), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout grass that produces cereal grain.
Moss
Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta sensu stricto.
Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacum, or cultivated tobacco, is an annually grown herbaceous plant of the genus Nicotiana.
See Cytokinin and Nicotiana tabacum
Non-mevalonate pathway
The non-mevalonate pathway—also appearing as the mevalonate-independent pathway and the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate/1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (MEP/DOXP) pathway—is an alternative metabolic pathway for the biosynthesis of the isoprenoid precursors isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP).
See Cytokinin and Non-mevalonate pathway
Nutrient
A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow and reproduce.
Plant hormone
Plant hormones (or phytohormones) are signal molecules, produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations. Cytokinin and plant hormone are plant hormones.
See Cytokinin and Plant hormone
Plant senescence
Plant senescence is the process of aging in plants.
See Cytokinin and Plant senescence
Pleiotropy
Pleiotropy (from Greek, 'more', and, 'way') occurs when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits.
Potato
The potato is a starchy root vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world.
Prenylation
Prenylation (also known as isoprenylation or lipidation) is the addition of hydrophobic molecules to a protein or a biomolecule.
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
Protonema
A protonema (plural: protonemata) is a thread-like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage of development of the gametophyte (the haploid phase) in the life cycle of mosses.
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium.
See Cytokinin and Pseudomonas fluorescens
Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringae is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium with polar flagella.
See Cytokinin and Pseudomonas syringae
Rate-determining step
In chemical kinetics, the overall rate of a reaction is often approximately determined by the slowest step, known as the rate-determining step (RDS or RD-step or r/d step) or rate-limiting step.
See Cytokinin and Rate-determining step
Root
In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster.
Seed
In botany, a seed is a plant embryo and food reserve enclosed in a protective outer covering called a seed coat (testa).
Seedling
A seedling is a young sporophyte developing out of a plant embryo from a seed.
Shoot (botany)
In botany, a plant shoot consists of any plant stem together with its appendages like leaves, lateral buds, flowering stems, and flower buds.
See Cytokinin and Shoot (botany)
Substrate (chemistry)
In chemistry, the term substrate is highly context-dependent.
See Cytokinin and Substrate (chemistry)
Thidiazuron
Thidiazuron (TDZ) is a plant growth regulator.
Tissue culture
Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells in an artificial medium separate from the parent organism.
See Cytokinin and Tissue culture
Transcription factor
In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.
See Cytokinin and Transcription factor
Transfer RNA
Transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA and formerly referred to as sRNA, for soluble RNA) is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length (in eukaryotes), that serves as the physical link between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins.
See Cytokinin and Transfer RNA
Transgene
A transgene is a gene that has been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques, from one organism to another.
TRNA dimethylallyltransferase
TRNA dimethylallyltransferase (tRNA prenyltransferase, MiaA, transfer ribonucleate isopentenyltransferase, Delta2-isopentenyl pyrophosphate:tRNA-Delta2-isopentenyl transferase, Delta2-isopentenyl pyrophosphate:transfer ribonucleic acid Delta2-isopentenyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name dimethylallyl-diphosphate: tRNA dimethylallyltransferase.
See Cytokinin and TRNA dimethylallyltransferase
Uridine
Uridine (symbol U or Urd) is a glycosylated pyrimidine analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, a ribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond.
Vascular plant
Vascular plants, also called tracheophytes or collectively tracheophyta, form a large group of land plants (accepted known species) that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant.
See Cytokinin and Vascular plant
Xylem
Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, the other being phloem.
Zea (plant)
Zea is a genus of flowering plants in the grass family.
Zeatin
Zeatin is a cytokinin derived from adenine, which occurs in the form of a cis- and a trans-isomer and conjugates. Cytokinin and Zeatin are aging-related substances in plants and cytokinins.
1,3-Diphenylurea
1,3-Diphenylurea is a phenylurea-type compound with the formula (PhNH)2CO (Ph. Cytokinin and 1,3-Diphenylurea are cytokinins.
See Cytokinin and 1,3-Diphenylurea
6-Benzylaminopurine
6-Benzylaminopurine, benzyl adenine, BAP or BA is a first-generation synthetic cytokinin that elicits plant growth and development responses, setting blossoms and stimulating fruit richness by stimulating cell division. Cytokinin and 6-Benzylaminopurine are cytokinins.
See Cytokinin and 6-Benzylaminopurine
See also
- Cytokinin
- Ethylene (plant hormone)
- Gibberellin
- Zeatin
Cytokinins
- 1,3-Diphenylurea
- 6-Benzylaminopurine
- Angustmycin A
- Cytokinin
- Cytokinin signaling and response regulator protein
- Kinetin
- Zeatin
Plant hormones
- 1-Triacontanol
- 24-Epibrassinolide
- Abscisic acid
- Antheridiogen
- Auxins
- Brassinolide
- Brassinosteroid
- Brassinosteroid insensitive-1
- CLE peptide
- Cytokinin
- Cytokinins
- Ethylene (plant hormone)
- Ethylene signaling pathway
- Florigen
- Gibberellic acid
- Gibberellin
- Jasmonate
- Jasmonic acid
- Karrikin
- Methyl dihydrojasmonate
- Methyl jasmonate
- PEPR1 and PEPR2
- Plant hormone
- Plant peptide hormones
- Polyamine
- Pyrabactin
- Salicylic acid
- Strigolactone
- Theseus1
- Traumatic acid
- Traumatin
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokinin
Also known as Cytokinins, Phytokinin.
, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas syringae, Rate-determining step, Root, Seed, Seedling, Shoot (botany), Substrate (chemistry), Thidiazuron, Tissue culture, Transcription factor, Transfer RNA, Transgene, TRNA dimethylallyltransferase, Uridine, Vascular plant, Xylem, Zea (plant), Zeatin, 1,3-Diphenylurea, 6-Benzylaminopurine.