Cytoplasm, the Glossary
In cell biology, the cytoplasm describes all material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus.[1]
Table of Contents
68 relations: Adipocyte, Albert von Kölliker, Brownian motion, Calcium, Calcium in biology, Calcium oxalate, Cell (biology), Cell biology, Cell cortex, Cell division, Cell membrane, Cell nucleus, Cell signaling, Chloroplast, Colloid, Cytoplasmic streaming, Cytoskeleton, Cytosol, Diffusion, Dormancy, Ectoplasm (cell biology), Endoplasm, Endoplasmic reticulum, Eukaryote, Fatty acid, Glass, Glass transition, Glycogen, Glycolysis, Golgi apparatus, Ideal solution, Inclusion (cell), Length scale, Lipid, Lipid droplet, Lysosome, Macromolecular crowding, Macromolecule, Metabolic pathway, Metabolism, Microfilament, Microtubule, Mitochondrion, Motor protein, Nanometre, Nuclear envelope, Nucleoplasm, Optical tweezers, Organelle, Photosynthesis, ... Expand index (18 more) »
Adipocyte
Adipocytes, also known as lipocytes and fat cells, are the cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat.
Albert von Kölliker
Albert von Kölliker (born Rudolf Albert Kölliker; 6 July 1817 – 2 November 1905) was a Swiss anatomist, physiologist, and histologist.
See Cytoplasm and Albert von Kölliker
Brownian motion
Brownian motion is the random motion of particles suspended in a medium (a liquid or a gas).
See Cytoplasm and Brownian motion
Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
Calcium in biology
Calcium ions (Ca2+) contribute to the physiology and biochemistry of organisms' cells.
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Calcium oxalate
Calcium oxalate (in archaic terminology, oxalate of lime) is a calcium salt of oxalic acid with the chemical formula or.
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Cell (biology)
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. Cytoplasm and cell (biology) are cell anatomy.
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Cell biology
Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells.
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Cell cortex
The cell cortex, also known as the actin cortex, cortical cytoskeleton or actomyosin cortex, is a specialized layer of cytoplasmic proteins on the inner face of the cell membrane.
Cell division
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells.
See Cytoplasm and Cell division
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space). Cytoplasm and cell membrane are cell anatomy.
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Cell nucleus
The cell nucleus (nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Cytoplasm and cell nucleus are cell anatomy.
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Cell signaling
In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is the process by which a cell interacts with itself, other cells, and the environment.
See Cytoplasm and Cell signaling
Chloroplast
A chloroplast is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells.
Colloid
A colloid is a mixture in which one substance consisting of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance.
Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the flow of the cytoplasm inside the cell, driven by forces from the cytoskeleton.
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Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells, including those of bacteria and archaea. Cytoplasm and cytoskeleton are cell anatomy.
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Cytosol
The cytosol, also known as cytoplasmic matrix or groundplasm, is one of the liquids found inside cells (intracellular fluid (ICF)). Cytoplasm and cytosol are cell anatomy.
Diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Dormancy
Dormancy is a period in an organism's life cycle when growth, development, and (in animals) physical activity are temporarily stopped.
Ectoplasm (cell biology)
Ectoplasm (also exoplasm) is the non-granulated outer part of a cell's cytoplasm, while endoplasm is its often granulated inner layer. Cytoplasm and Ectoplasm (cell biology) are cell anatomy.
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Endoplasm
Endoplasm generally refers to the inner (often granulated), dense part of a cell's cytoplasm. Cytoplasm and Endoplasm are cell anatomy.
Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a part of a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding.
See Cytoplasm and Endoplasmic reticulum
Eukaryote
The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.
Glass
Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid.
Glass transition
The glass–liquid transition, or glass transition, is the gradual and reversible transition in amorphous materials (or in amorphous regions within semicrystalline materials) from a hard and relatively brittle "glassy" state into a viscous or rubbery state as the temperature is increased.
See Cytoplasm and Glass transition
Glycogen
Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria.
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate and, in most organisms, occurs in the liquid part of cells (the cytosol).
Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.
See Cytoplasm and Golgi apparatus
Ideal solution
An ideal solution or ideal mixture is a solution that exhibits thermodynamic properties analogous to those of a mixture of ideal gases.
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Inclusion (cell)
In cellular biology, inclusions are diverse intracellularShively, J. M. (ed.). (2006).
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Length scale
In physics, length scale is a particular length or distance determined with the precision of at most a few orders of magnitude.
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Lipid
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others.
Lipid droplet
Lipid droplets, also referred to as lipid bodies, oil bodies or adiposomes, are lipid-rich cellular organelles that regulate the storage and hydrolysis of neutral lipids and are found largely in the adipose tissue.
See Cytoplasm and Lipid droplet
Lysosome
A lysosome is a single membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells. Cytoplasm and lysosome are cell anatomy.
Macromolecular crowding
The phenomenon of macromolecular crowding alters the properties of molecules in a solution when high concentrations of macromolecules such as proteins are present.
See Cytoplasm and Macromolecular crowding
Macromolecule
A macromolecule is a very large molecule important to biological processes, such as a protein or nucleic acid.
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In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell.
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Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
Microfilament
Microfilaments, also called actin filaments, are protein filaments in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that form part of the cytoskeleton.
See Cytoplasm and Microfilament
Microtubule
Microtubules are polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton and provide structure and shape to eukaryotic cells. Cytoplasm and Microtubule are cell anatomy.
Mitochondrion
A mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi.
See Cytoplasm and Mitochondrion
Motor protein
Motor proteins are a class of molecular motors that can move along the cytoskeleton of cells.
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Nanometre
molecular scale. The nanometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm), or nanometer (American spelling), is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one billionth (short scale) of a meter (0.000000001 m) and to 1000 picometres.
Nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope, also known as the nuclear membrane, is made up of two lipid bilayer membranes that in eukaryotic cells surround the nucleus, which encloses the genetic material.
See Cytoplasm and Nuclear envelope
Nucleoplasm
The nucleoplasm, also known as karyoplasm, is the type of protoplasm that makes up the cell nucleus, the most prominent organelle of the eukaryotic cell. Cytoplasm and nucleoplasm are cell anatomy.
Optical tweezers
Optical tweezers (originally called single-beam gradient force trap) are scientific instruments that use a highly focused laser beam to hold and move microscopic and sub-microscopic objects like atoms, nanoparticles and droplets, in a manner similar to tweezers.
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Organelle
In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit, usually within a cell, that has a specific function. Cytoplasm and organelle are cell anatomy.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.
See Cytoplasm and Photosynthesis
Plant
Plants are the eukaryotes that form the kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly photosynthetic.
Plastid
A plastid is a membrane-bound organelle found in the cells of plants, algae, and some other eukaryotic organisms.
Polyhydroxybutyrate
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a polymer belonging to the polyesters class that are of interest as bio-derived and biodegradable plastics.
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Proteasome
Proteasomes are protein complexes which degrade ubiquitin-tagged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds.
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
Protein filament
In biology, a protein filament is a long chain of protein monomers, such as those found in hair, muscle, or in flagella.
See Cytoplasm and Protein filament
Protoplasm
Protoplasm is the living part of a cell that is surrounded by a plasma membrane.
Recognition signal
A recognition signal is a signal whereby a person, a ship, an airplane or something else is recognized.
See Cytoplasm and Recognition signal
Ribosome
Ribosomes are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis (messenger RNA translation). Cytoplasm and Ribosome are cell anatomy.
Semipermeable membrane
Semipermeable membrane is a type of synthetic or biologic, polymeric membrane that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by osmosis.
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Silicon dioxide
Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula, commonly found in nature as quartz.
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Sol–gel process
In materials science, the sol–gel process is a method for producing solid materials from small molecules.
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Starch
Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds.
Sterol
Sterol is an organic compound with formula, whose molecule is derived from that of gonane by replacement of a hydrogen atom on C3 position by a hydroxyl group.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society.
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Vacuole
A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal, and bacterial cells. Cytoplasm and vacuole are cell anatomy.
Vault (organelle)
The vault or vault cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein is a eukaryotic organelle whose function is not yet fully understood.
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Viscoelasticity
In materials science and continuum mechanics, viscoelasticity is the property of materials that exhibit both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation.
See Cytoplasm and Viscoelasticity
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasm
Also known as Cytoplasmatic, Cytoplasmic, Cytoplasmic fluid, Cytoplasmic region, Cytoplasmic structure, Ectosarc.
, Plant, Plastid, Polyhydroxybutyrate, Proteasome, Protein, Protein filament, Protoplasm, Recognition signal, Ribosome, Semipermeable membrane, Silicon dioxide, Sol–gel process, Starch, Sterol, The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vacuole, Vault (organelle), Viscoelasticity.