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Data and information visualization, the Glossary

261 relations: ACM SIGGRAPH, Adobe Inc., Algorithm, American Statistical Association, Analytics, Animation, Arc length, Area, Area chart, Article (publishing), Association for Computing Machinery, Association rule learning, Augmented reality, Bar chart, Ben Bederson, Ben Shneiderman, Big data, Blaise Pascal, Box plot, Brushing and linking, Bullet graph, Business, Business analysis, Business intelligence, Business process, Business value, Cartesian coordinate system, Cartogram, Categorical variable, Causality, Central angle, Change management, Chart, Chartjunk, Choropleth map, Cladistics, Climate change, Climate change art, Climate spiral, Cluster analysis, Cognition, Cognitive science, Communication design, Computational visualistics, Computer graphics, Computer mouse, Computer science, Concept map, Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Congressional Budget Office, ... Expand index (211 more) »
Data visualization
Information technology governance
Visualization (graphics)

ACM SIGGRAPH

ACM SIGGRAPH is the international Association for Computing Machinery's Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques based in New York.

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Adobe Inc.

Adobe Inc., formerly Adobe Systems Incorporated, is an American computer software company based in San Jose, California.

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Algorithm

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation.

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American Statistical Association

The American Statistical Association (ASA) is the main professional organization for statisticians and related professionals in the United States.

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Analytics

Analytics is the systematic computational analysis of data or statistics.

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Animation

Animation is a filmmaking technique by which still images are manipulated to create moving images.

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Arc length

Arc length is the distance between two points along a section of a curve.

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Area

Area is the measure of a region's size on a surface.

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Area chart

An area chart or area graph displays graphically quantitative data. Data and information visualization and area chart are statistical charts and diagrams.

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Article (publishing)

An article or piece is a written work published in a print or electronic medium, for the propagation of news, research results, academic analysis or debate.

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Association for Computing Machinery

The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is a US-based international learned society for computing.

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Association rule learning

Association rule learning is a rule-based machine learning method for discovering interesting relations between variables in large databases.

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Augmented reality

Augmented reality (AR) is an interactive experience that combines the real world and computer-generated 3D content.

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A bar chart or bar graph is a chart or graph that presents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values that they represent. Data and information visualization and bar chart are statistical charts and diagrams.

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Ben Bederson

Benjamin Bederson is a Computer Science professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, a member of the University of Maryland Human-Computer Interaction Lab, and a co-founder of Zumobi.

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Ben Shneiderman

Ben Shneiderman (born August 21, 1947) is an American computer scientist, a Distinguished University Professor in the University of Maryland Department of Computer Science, which is part of the University of Maryland College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences at the University of Maryland, College Park, and the founding director (1983-2000) of the University of Maryland Human-Computer Interaction Lab.

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Big data

Big data primarily refers to data sets that are too large or complex to be dealt with by traditional data-processing application software.

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Blaise Pascal

Blaise Pascal (19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic writer.

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Box plot

In descriptive statistics, a box plot or boxplot is a method for demonstrating graphically the locality, spread and skewness groups of numerical data through their quartiles. Data and information visualization and box plot are statistical charts and diagrams.

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Brushing and linking

In databases, brushing and linking is the connection of two or more views of the same data, such that a change to the representation in one view affects the representation in the other. Data and information visualization and brushing and linking are data visualization.

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Bullet graph

A bullet graph is a variation of a bar graph developed by Stephen Few.

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Business

Business is the practice of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (such as goods and services).

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Business analysis

Business analysis is a professional discipline focused on identifying business needs and determining solutions to business problems.

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Business intelligence

Business intelligence (BI) consists of strategies and technologies used by enterprises for the data analysis and management of business information.

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Business process

A business process, business method, or business function is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks performed by people or equipment in which a specific sequence produces a service or product (that serves a particular business goal) for a particular customer or customers.

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Business value

In management, business value is an informal term that includes all forms of value that determine the health and well-being of the firm in the long run.

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Cartesian coordinate system

In geometry, a Cartesian coordinate system in a plane is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely by a pair of real numbers called coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular oriented lines, called coordinate lines, coordinate axes or just axes (plural of axis) of the system.

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Cartogram

A cartogram (also called a value-area map or an anamorphic map, the latter common among German-speakers) is a thematic map of a set of features (countries, provinces, etc.), in which their geographic size is altered to be directly proportional to a selected variable, such as travel time, population, or gross national income. Data and information visualization and cartogram are statistical charts and diagrams.

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Categorical variable

In statistics, a categorical variable (also called qualitative variable) is a variable that can take on one of a limited, and usually fixed, number of possible values, assigning each individual or other unit of observation to a particular group or nominal category on the basis of some qualitative property.

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Causality

Causality is an influence by which one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly dependent on the cause.

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Central angle

A central angle is an angle whose apex (vertex) is the center O of a circle and whose legs (sides) are radii intersecting the circle in two distinct points A and B. Central angles are subtended by an arc between those two points, and the arc length is the central angle of a circle of radius one (measured in radians).

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Change management

Change management (CM) is a discipline that focuses on managing changes within an organization.

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Chart

A chart (sometimes known as a graph) is a graphical representation for data visualization, in which "the data is represented by symbols, such as bars in a bar chart, lines in a line chart, or slices in a pie chart".

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Chartjunk

Chartjunk consists of all visual elements in charts and graphs that are not necessary to comprehend the information represented on the graph, or that distract the viewer from this information.

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Choropleth map

A choropleth map is a type of statistical thematic map that uses pseudocolor, meaning color corresponding with an aggregate summary of a geographic characteristic within spatial enumeration units, such as population density or per-capita income. Data and information visualization and choropleth map are statistical charts and diagrams.

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Cladistics

Cladistics is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry.

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Climate change

In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system.

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Climate change art

Climate change art is art inspired by climate change and global warming, generally intended to overcome humans' hardwired tendency to value personal experience over data and to disengage from data-based representations by making the data "vivid and accessible". Data and information visualization and climate change art are data visualization.

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Climate spiral

A climate spiral (sometimes referred to as a temperature spiral) is an animated data visualization graphic designed as a "simple and effective demonstration of the progression of global warming", especially for general audiences. Data and information visualization and climate spiral are data visualization.

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Cluster analysis

Cluster analysis or clustering is the task of grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group (called a cluster) are more similar (in some specific sense defined by the analyst) to each other than to those in other groups (clusters).

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Cognition

Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".

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Cognitive science

Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes.

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Communication design

Communication design is a mixed discipline between design and information-development concerned with how media communicate with people.

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Computational visualistics

Computational visualistics is an interdisciplinary field of study of how computers can be used to generate and analyse images.

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Computer graphics

Computer graphics deals with generating images and art with the aid of computers.

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Computer mouse

A computer mouse (plural mice, also mouses) is a hand-held pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion relative to a surface.

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Computer science

Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation.

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Concept map

A concept map or conceptual diagram is a diagram that depicts suggested relationships between concepts.

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Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

The ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) series of academic conferences is generally considered the most prestigious in the field of human–computer interaction and is one of the top-ranked conferences in computer science.

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Congressional Budget Office

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) is a federal agency within the legislative branch of the United States government that provides budget and economic information to Congress.

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Continuous or discrete variable

In mathematics and statistics, a quantitative variable may be continuous or discrete if they are typically obtained by measuring or counting, respectively.

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Correlation

In statistics, correlation or dependence is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data.

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Crime mapping

Crime mapping is used by analysts in law enforcement agencies to map, visualize, and analyze crime incident patterns.

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D3.js

D3.js (also known as D3, short for Data-Driven Documents) is a JavaScript library for producing dynamic, interactive data visualizations in web browsers.

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Dashboard (computing)

In computer information systems, a dashboard is a type of graphical user interface which often provides at-a-glance views of data relevant to a particular objective or process through a combination of visualizations and summary information.

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Data

In common usage, data is a collection of discrete or continuous values that convey information, describing the quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpreted formally.

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Data analysis

Data analysis is the process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions, and supporting decision-making.

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Data and information visualization

Data and information visualization (data viz/vis or info viz/vis) is the practice of designing and creating easy-to-communicate and easy-to-understand graphic or visual representations of a large amount of complex quantitative and qualitative data and information with the help of static, dynamic or interactive visual items. Data and information visualization and data and information visualization are data visualization, information technology governance, statistical charts and diagrams and visualization (graphics).

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Data binning

Data binning, also called data discrete binning or data bucketing, is a data pre-processing technique used to reduce the effects of minor observation errors.

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Data exploration

Data exploration is an approach similar to initial data analysis, whereby a data analyst uses visual exploration to understand what is in a dataset and the characteristics of the data, rather than through traditional data management systems.

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Data journalism

Data journalism or data-driven journalism (DDJ) is journalism based on the filtering and analysis of large data sets for the purpose of creating or elevating a news story.

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Data literacy

Data literacy is the ability to read, understand, create, and communicate data as information.

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Data management

Data management comprises all disciplines related to handling data as a valuable resource, it is the practice of managing an organization's data so it can be analyzed for decision making.

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Data mining

Data mining is the process of extracting and discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of machine learning, statistics, and database systems.

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Data physicalization

A data physicalization (or simply physicalization) is a physical artefact whose geometry or material properties encode data.

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Data profiling

Data profiling is the process of examining the data available from an existing information source (e.g. a database or a file) and collecting statistics or informative summaries about that data.

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Data science

Data science is an interdisciplinary academic field that uses statistics, scientific computing, scientific methods, processes, scientific visualization, algorithms and systems to extract or extrapolate knowledge and insights from potentially noisy, structured, or unstructured data.

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Data warehouse

In computing, a data warehouse (DW or DWH), also known as an enterprise data warehouse (EDW), is a system used for reporting and data analysis and is considered a core component of business intelligence.

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Database

In computing, a database is an organized collection of data or a type of data store based on the use of a database management system (DBMS), the software that interacts with end users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze the data.

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Decision tree

A decision tree is a decision support hierarchical model that uses a tree-like model of decisions and their possible consequences, including chance event outcomes, resource costs, and utility.

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Dendrogram

A dendrogram is a diagram representing a tree. Data and information visualization and dendrogram are statistical charts and diagrams.

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Dependency (project management)

In a project network, a dependency is a link among a project's terminal elements.

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Descriptive statistics

A descriptive statistic (in the count noun sense) is a summary statistic that quantitatively describes or summarizes features from a collection of information, while descriptive statistics (in the mass noun sense) is the process of using and analysing those statistics.

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Design

A design is the concept of or proposal for an object, process, or system.

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Diagram

A diagram is a symbolic representation of information using visualization techniques.

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Digital humanities

Digital humanities (DH) is an area of scholarly activity at the intersection of computing or digital technologies and the disciplines of the humanities.

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Digital library

A digital library (also called an online library, an internet library, a digital repository, a library without walls, or a digital collection) is an online database of digital objects that can include text, still images, audio, video, digital documents, or other digital media formats or a library accessible through the internet.

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Document

A document is a written, drawn, presented, or memorialized representation of thought, often the manifestation of non-fictional, as well as fictional, content.

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Drug discovery

In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered.

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E-governance

Electronic governance or e-governance is the application of information technology for delivering government services, exchange of information, communication transactions, integration of various stand-alone systems between government to citizen (G2C), government-to-business (G2B), government-to-government (G2G), government-to-employees (G2E) as well as back-office processes and interactions within the entire governance framework.

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Ed Hawkins (climatologist)

Edward Hawkins (born 1977) is a British climate scientist who is Professor of climate science at the University of Reading, principal research scientist at the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), editor of Climate Lab Book blog and lead scientist for the Weather Rescue citizen science project.

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Edward Tufte

Edward Rolf Tufte (born March 14, 1942), sometimes known as "ET",.

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Element (mathematics)

In mathematics, an element (or member) of a set is any one of the distinct objects that belong to that set.

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Emerging technologies

Emerging technologies are technologies whose development, practical applications, or both are still largely unrealized.

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English language

English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.

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Entity–relationship model

An entity–relationship model (or ER model) describes interrelated things of interest in a specific domain of knowledge.

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Eurographics

Eurographics is a Europe-wide professional computer graphics association.

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Exploratory data analysis

In statistics, exploratory data analysis (EDA) is an approach of analyzing data sets to summarize their main characteristics, often using statistical graphics and other data visualization methods.

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Fernanda Viégas

Fernanda Bertini Viégas (born 1971) is a Brazilian computer scientist and graphical designer, whose work focuses on the social, collaborative and artistic aspects of information visualization.

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File system

In computing, a file system or filesystem (often abbreviated to FS or fs) governs file organization and access.

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Flowchart

A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents a workflow or process.

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Frequency (statistics)

In statistics, the frequency or absolute frequency of an event i is the number n_i of times the observation has occurred/recorded in an experiment or study.

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Funnel chart

Funnel charts are a type of chart, often used to represent stages in a sales process and show the amount of potential revenue for each stage.

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Gantt chart

A Gantt chart is a bar chart that illustrates a project schedule.

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Gauge (instrument)

In science and engineering, a dimensional gauge or simply gauge is a device used to make measurements or to display certain dimensional information.

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General assembly

A general assembly or general meeting is a meeting of all the members of an organization or shareholders of a company.

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Geographic data and information

Geographic data and information is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location relative to Earth (a geographic location or geographic position).

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Geography

Geography (from Ancient Greek γεωγραφία; combining 'Earth' and 'write') is the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth.

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Geovisualization

Geovisualization or geovisualisation (short for geographic visualization), also known as cartographic visualization, refers to a set of tools and techniques supporting the analysis of geospatial data through the use of interactive visualization.

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Google

Google LLC is an American multinational corporation and technology company focusing on online advertising, search engine technology, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, consumer electronics, and artificial intelligence (AI).

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Grand Tour (data visualisation)

The Grand Tour is a technique originally developed by Daniel Asimov 1980–85, which is used to explore multivariate statistical data by means of an animation. Data and information visualization and Grand Tour (data visualisation) are data visualization.

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Graph drawing

Graph drawing is an area of mathematics and computer science combining methods from geometric graph theory and information visualization to derive two-dimensional depictions of graphs arising from applications such as social network analysis, cartography, linguistics, and bioinformatics. Data and information visualization and graph drawing are visualization (graphics).

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Graphic design

Graphic design is a profession, academic discipline and applied art whose activity consists in projecting visual communications intended to transmit specific messages to social groups, with specific objectives.

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Graphics

Graphics are visual images or designs on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, screen, paper, or stone, to inform, illustrate, or entertain.

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Health care

Health care, or healthcare, is the improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, amelioration or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in people.

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Heat map

A heat map (or heatmap) is a 2-dimensional data visualization technique that represents the magnitude of individual values within a dataset as a color. Data and information visualization and heat map are data visualization.

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Height

Height is measure of vertical distance, either vertical extent (how "tall" something or someone is) or vertical position (how "high" a point is).

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Hierarchy

A hierarchy (from Greek:, from, 'president of sacred rites') is an arrangement of items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) that are represented as being "above", "below", or "at the same level as" one another.

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Histogram

A histogram is a visual representation of the distribution of quantitative data. Data and information visualization and histogram are statistical charts and diagrams.

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Human–computer interaction

Human–computer interaction (HCI) is research in the design and the use of computer technology, which focuses on the interfaces between people (users) and computers.

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Hyperbolic tree

A hyperbolic tree (often shortened as hypertree) is an information visualization and graph drawing method inspired by hyperbolic geometry.

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Hypothesis

A hypothesis (hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.

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IBM Research

IBM Research is the research and development division for IBM, an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, with operations in over 170 countries.

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Iconography of correlations

In exploratory data analysis, the iconography of correlations, or representation of correlations, is a data visualization technique which replaces a numeric correlation matrix by its graphical projection onto a diagram, on which the “remarkable” correlations are plotted as solid lines (positive correlations) or dotted lines (negative correlations); either shorter lengths, or thicker lines, or both, represent greater correlation projection components.

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IEEE Computer Society

IEEE Computer Society (commonly known as the Computer Society or CS) is a technical society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) dedicated to computing, namely the major areas of hardware, software, standards and people, "advancing the theory, practice, and application of computer and information processing science and technology." It was founded in 1946 and is the largest of 39 technical societies organized under the IEEE Technical Activities Board with over 375,000 members in 150 countries, more that 100,000 being based in the United States alone.

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IEEE Visualization

The IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS) is an annual conference on scientific visualization, information visualization, and visual analytics administrated by the IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Visualization and Graphics.

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Imc FAMOS

FAMOS (short for fast analysis and monitoring of signals) is a graphical data analysis program for image analysis, evaluating and visually displaying measurement results.

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Industrial and organizational psychology

Industrial and organizational psychology (I-O psychology) "focuses the lens of psychological science on a key aspect of human life, namely, their work lives.

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Infographic

Infographics (a clipped compound of "information" and "graphics") are graphic visual representations of information, data, or knowledge intended to present information quickly and clearly.

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Information

Information is an abstract concept that refers to something which has the power to inform.

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Information Age

The Information Age (also known as the Third Industrial Revolution, Computer Age, Digital Age, Silicon Age, New Media Age, Internet Age, or the Digital Revolution) is a historical period that began in the mid-20th century.

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Information architecture

Information architecture (IA) is the structural design of shared information environments; the art and science of organizing and labelling websites, intranets, online communities and software to support usability and findability; and an emerging community of practice focused on bringing principles of design, architecture and information science to the digital landscape.

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Information art

Information art, which is also known as informatism or data art, is an art form that is inspired by and principally incorporates data, computer science, information technology, artificial intelligence, and related data-driven fields.

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Information design

Information design is the practice of presenting information in a way that fosters an efficient and effective understanding of the information.

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Information discovery

Information Discovery is a term used in the legal and corporate industry which refers to the steps involved in distilling a corporation's data corpus down to the most pertinent evidence pertaining to a court-related matter or compliance directive.

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Information literacy

The Association of College and Research Libraries defines information literacy as a "set of integrated abilities encompassing the reflective discovery of information, the understanding of how information is produced and valued and the use of information in creating new knowledge and participating ethically in communities of learning".

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Information management

Information management (IM) is the appropriate and optimized capture, storage, retrieval, and use of information.

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Information system

An information system (IS) is a formal, sociotechnical, organizational system designed to collect, process, store, and distribute information.

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Information visualization reference model

The Information visualization reference model is an example of a reference model for information visualization, developed by Ed Chi in 1999, under the name of the data state model.

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Interaction design

Interaction design, often abbreviated as IxD, is "the practice of designing interactive digital products, environments, systems, and services." While interaction design has an interest in form (similar to other design fields), its main area of focus rests on behavior.

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Interaction technique

An interaction technique, user interface technique or input technique is a combination of hardware and software elements that provides a way for computer users to accomplish a single task.

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Interval (mathematics)

In mathematics, a (real) interval is the set of all real numbers lying between two fixed endpoints with no "gaps".

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Jacques Bertin

Jacques Bertin (27 July 1918 – 3 May 2010) was a French cartographer and theorist, known from his book Sémiologie Graphique (Semiology of Graphics), published in 1967.

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James Landay

James Landay is professor of computer science at Stanford University, He specializes in human–computer interaction.

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JavaScript

JavaScript, often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language and core technology of the Web, alongside HTML and CSS.

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Jean-Daniel Fekete

Jean-Daniel Fekete is a French computer scientist.

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Jock D. Mackinlay

Jock D. Mackinlay (born August 16, 1952) is an American information visualization expert and Vice President of Research and Design at Tableau Software.

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John Tukey

John Wilder Tukey (June 16, 1915 – July 26, 2000) was an American mathematician and statistician, best known for the development of the fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm and box plot.

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Lascaux

Lascaux (Grotte de Lascaux, "Lascaux Cave") is a network of caves near the village of Montignac, in the department of Dordogne in southwestern France.

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Length

Length is a measure of distance.

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Line chart

A line chart or line graph, also known as curve chart, is a type of chart that displays information as a series of data points called 'markers' connected by straight line segments. Data and information visualization and line chart are statistical charts and diagrams.

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Linear B

Linear B is a syllabic script that was used for writing in Mycenaean Greek, the earliest attested form of the Greek language.

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List of countries by economic complexity

This list orders countries by their Economic Complexity Index (ECI), as it was defined and calculated by César Hidalgo and Ricardo Hausmann and published by The Observatory of Economic Complexity.

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List of graphical methods

This is a list of graphical methods with a mathematical basis. Data and information visualization and list of graphical methods are statistical charts and diagrams.

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List of information graphics software

This is a list of software to create any kind of information graphics.

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Literacy

Literacy is the ability to read and write.

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Logarithmic scale

A logarithmic scale (or log scale) is a method used to display numerical data that spans a broad range of values, especially when there are significant differences between the magnitudes of the numbers involved.

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Log–log plot

In science and engineering, a log–log graph or log–log plot is a two-dimensional graph of numerical data that uses logarithmic scales on both the horizontal and vertical axes. Data and information visualization and log–log plot are statistical charts and diagrams.

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Logic

Logic is the study of correct reasoning.

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Machine learning

Machine learning (ML) is a field of study in artificial intelligence concerned with the development and study of statistical algorithms that can learn from data and generalize to unseen data and thus perform tasks without explicit instructions.

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Map

A map is a symbolic depiction emphasizing relationships between elements of some space, such as objects, regions, or themes.

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Market data

In finance, market data is price and other related data for a financial instrument reported by a trading venue such as a stock exchange.

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Marshall Islands stick chart

Stick charts were made and used by the Marshallese to navigate the Pacific Ocean by canoe off the coast of the Marshall Islands.

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Martin M. Wattenberg

Martin M. Wattenberg (born 1970) is an American scientist and artist known for his work with data visualization.

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Mass communication

Mass communication is the process of imparting and exchanging information through mass media to large population segments.

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Michael Friendly

Michael Louis Friendly (born 1945) is an American-Canadian psychologist, Professor of Psychology at York University in Ontario, Canada, and director of its Statistical Consulting Service, especially known for his contributions to graphical methods for categorical and multivariate data, and on the history of data and information visualisation.

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Microsoft Research

Microsoft Research (MSR) is the research subsidiary of Microsoft.

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Mind map

A mind map is a diagram used to visually organize information into a hierarchy, showing relationships among pieces of the whole.

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Minimalism

In visual arts, music and other media, minimalism was an art movement that began in post–World War II in Western art, and it is most strongly associated with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s.

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Minitab

Minitab is a statistics package developed at the Pennsylvania State University by researchers Barbara F. Ryan, Thomas A. Ryan, Jr., and Brian L. Joiner in conjunction with Triola Statistics Company in 1972.

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Misinformation

Misinformation is incorrect or misleading information.

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Misleading graph

In statistics, a misleading graph, also known as a distorted graph, is a graph that misrepresents data, constituting a misuse of statistics and with the result that an incorrect conclusion may be derived from it.

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Mixed reality

Mixed reality (MR) is a term used to describe the merging of a real-world environment and a computer-generated one.

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Mosaic plot

A mosaic plot, Marimekko chart, Mekko chart, or sometimes percent stacked bar plot, is a graphical visualization of data from two or more qualitative variables. Data and information visualization and mosaic plot are statistical charts and diagrams.

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Multidimensional scaling

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a means of visualizing the level of similarity of individual cases of a data set.

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Multivariate statistics

Multivariate statistics is a subdivision of statistics encompassing the simultaneous observation and analysis of more than one outcome variable, i.e., multivariate random variables.

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Mycenae

Mycenae (𐀘𐀏𐀙𐀂; Μυκῆναι or Μυκήνη, Mykē̂nai or Mykḗnē) is an archaeological site near Mykines in Argolis, north-eastern Peloponnese, Greece.

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Narrative

A narrative, story, or tale is any account of a series of related events or experiences, whether non-fictional (memoir, biography, news report, documentary, travelogue, etc.) or fictional (fairy tale, fable, legend, thriller, novel, etc.). Narratives can be presented through a sequence of written or spoken words, through still or moving images, or through any combination of these.

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Nesting (computing)

In computing science and informatics, nesting is where information is organized in layers, or where objects contain other similar objects.

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News

News is information about current events.

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Nonparametric statistics

Nonparametric statistics is a type of statistical analysis that makes minimal assumptions about the underlying distribution of the data being studied.

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Numeracy

Numeracy is the ability to understand, reason with, and apply simple numerical concepts.

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Outlier

In statistics, an outlier is a data point that differs significantly from other observations. Data and information visualization and outlier are statistical charts and diagrams.

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Page layout

In graphic design, page layout is the arrangement of visual elements on a page.

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Panopticon Software

Panopticon Software (now part of Altair Data Analytics) was a multi-national data visualization software company specializing in monitoring and analysis of real-time data.

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Parallel coordinates

Parallel Coordinates plots are a common method of visualizing high-dimensional datasets to analyze multivariate data having multiple variables, or attributes. Data and information visualization and Parallel coordinates are data visualization and statistical charts and diagrams.

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Patent visualisation

Patent visualisation is an application of information visualisation. Data and information visualization and Patent visualisation are visualization (graphics).

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Pie chart

A pie chart (or a circle chart) is a circular statistical graphic which is divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportion. Data and information visualization and pie chart are statistical charts and diagrams.

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Pierre de Fermat

Pierre de Fermat (between 31 October and 6 December 1607 – 12 January 1665) was a French mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his technique of adequality.

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Pleistocene

The Pleistocene (often referred to colloquially as the Ice Age) is the geological epoch that lasted from to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations.

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Plot (graphics)

A plot is a graphical technique for representing a data set, usually as a graph showing the relationship between two or more variables.

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Plot (narrative)

In a literary work, film, or other narrative, the plot is the sequence of events in which each event affects the next one through the principle of cause-and-effect.

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Pre-attentive processing

Pre-attentive processing is the subconscious accumulation of information from the environment.

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Principal component analysis

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a linear dimensionality reduction technique with applications in exploratory data analysis, visualization and data preprocessing.

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Probability distribution

In probability theory and statistics, a probability distribution is the mathematical function that gives the probabilities of occurrence of possible outcomes for an experiment.

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Problem solving environment

A problem solving environment (PSE) is a completed, integrated and specialised computer software for solving one class of problems, combining automated problem-solving methods with human-oriented tools for guiding the problem resolution.

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Process

A process is a series or set of activities that interact to produce a result; it may occur once-only or be recurrent or periodic.

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Product (mathematics)

In mathematics, a product is the result of multiplication, or an expression that identifies objects (numbers or variables) to be multiplied, called factors.

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Production control

Within supply chain management and manufacturing, production control is the activity of monitoring and controlling any particular production or operation.

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Project network

A project network diagram is a graph that displays the order in which a project’s activities are to be completed.

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Project planning

Project planning is part of project management, which relates to the use of schedules such as Gantt charts to plan and subsequently report progress within the project environment.

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Proportional symbol map

A proportional symbol map or proportional point symbol map is a type of thematic map that uses map symbols that vary in size to represent a quantitative variable.

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Proportionality (mathematics)

In mathematics, two sequences of numbers, often experimental data, are proportional or directly proportional if their corresponding elements have a constant ratio.

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Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior.

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Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemy (Πτολεμαῖος,; Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was an Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine, Islamic, and Western European science.

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Public opinion

Public opinion, or popular opinion, is the collective opinion on a specific topic or voting intention relevant to society.

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Python (programming language)

Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language.

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Quartile

In statistics, quartiles are a type of quantiles which divide the number of data points into four parts, or quarters, of more-or-less equal size.

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Quipu

Quipu (also spelled khipu) are recording devices fashioned from strings historically used by a number of cultures in the region of Andean South America.

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R (programming language)

R is a programming language for statistical computing and data visualization.

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Radar chart

A radar chart is a graphical method of displaying multivariate data in the form of a two-dimensional chart of three or more quantitative variables represented on axes starting from the same point. Data and information visualization and radar chart are statistical charts and diagrams.

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Real-time computer graphics

Real-time computer graphics or real-time rendering is the sub-field of computer graphics focused on producing and analyzing images in real time.

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Rectangle

In Euclidean plane geometry, a rectangle is a quadrilateral with four right angles.

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Regression analysis

In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships between a dependent variable (often called the 'outcome' or 'response' variable, or a 'label' in machine learning parlance) and one or more independent variables (often called 'predictors', 'covariates', 'explanatory variables' or 'features').

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René Descartes

René Descartes (or;; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence of modern philosophy and science.

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Representation (arts)

Representation is the use of signs that stand in for and take the place of something else.

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Resource

Resource refers to all the materials available in our environment which are technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally sustainable and help us to satisfy our needs and wants.

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Robert Spence (engineer)

Robert (Bob) Spence (born 11 July 1933) is a British engineer and professor emeritus and senior research investigator at the Imperial College London, known for his work in the field of information visualization.

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Sankey diagram

Sankey diagrams are a data visualisation technique or flow diagram that emphasizes flow/movement/change from one state to another or one time to another, in which the width of the arrows is proportional to the flow rate of the depicted extensive property.

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SAS (software)

SAS (previously "Statistical Analysis System") is a statistical software suite developed by SAS Institute for data management, advanced analytics, multivariate analysis, business intelligence, criminal investigation, and predictive analytics.

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Scatter plot

A scatter plot, also called a scatterplot, scatter graph, scatter chart, scattergram, or scatter diagram, is a type of plot or mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for typically two variables for a set of data. Data and information visualization and scatter plot are statistical charts and diagrams.

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Schedule (project management)

In project management, a schedule is a listing of a project's milestones, activities, and deliverables.

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Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute

The Scientific Computing and Imaging (SCI) Institute is a permanent research institute at the University of Utah that focuses on the development of new scientific computing and visualization techniques, tools, and systems with primary applications to biomedical engineering.

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Scientific visualization

Scientific visualization (also spelled scientific visualisation) is an interdisciplinary branch of science concerned with the visualization of scientific phenomena. Data and information visualization and scientific visualization are visualization (graphics).

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Semantic network

A semantic network, or frame network is a knowledge base that represents semantic relations between concepts in a network.

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Semi-log plot

In science and engineering, a semi-log plot/graph or semi-logarithmic plot/graph has one axis on a logarithmic scale, the other on a linear scale. Data and information visualization and semi-log plot are statistical charts and diagrams.

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Set (mathematics)

In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; these things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects of any kind: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, other geometrical shapes, variables, or even other sets.

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SIGCHI

The Special Interest Group on Computer–Human Interaction (SIGCHI) is one of the Association for Computing Machinery's special interest groups which is focused on human–computer interactions (HCI).

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SIGGRAPH

SIGGRAPH (Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques) is an annual conference centered around computer graphics organized by ACM, starting in 1974.

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SOFA Statistics

SOFA Statistics is an open-source statistical package.

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Software visualization

Software visualization or software visualisation refers to the visualization of information of and related to software systems—either the architecture of its source code or metrics of their runtime behavior—and their development process by means of static, interactive or animated 2-D or 3-D visual representations of their structure, execution, behavior, and evolution.

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Spatialization

Spatialization (or spatialisation) is the spatial forms that social activities and material things, phenomena or processes take on in geography, sociology, urban planning and cultural studies.

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Spectrogram

A spectrogram is a visual representation of the spectrum of frequencies of a signal as it varies with time.

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Statistical classification

When classification is performed by a computer, statistical methods are normally used to develop the algorithm.

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Statistical graphics

Statistical graphics, also known as statistical graphical techniques, are graphics used in the field of statistics for data visualization. Data and information visualization and statistical graphics are statistical charts and diagrams.

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Statistical hypothesis test

A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data sufficiently support a particular hypothesis.

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Statistical inference

Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying distribution of probability.

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Statistical population

In statistics, a population is a set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment.

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Statistician

A statistician is a person who works with theoretical or applied statistics.

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Statistics

Statistics (from German: Statistik, "description of a state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.

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Streamgraph

A streamgraph, or stream graph, is a type of stacked area graph which is displaced around a central axis, resulting in a flowing, organic shape. Data and information visualization and streamgraph are statistical charts and diagrams.

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Stuart Card

Stuart K. Card (born December 21, 1943) is an American researcher and retired senior research fellow at Xerox PARC.

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Subject-matter expert

A subject-matter expert (SME) is a person who has accumulated great knowledge in a particular field or topic and this level of knowledge is demonstrated by the person's degree, licensure, and/or through years of professional experience with the subject.

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Table (information)

A table is an arrangement of information or data, typically in rows and columns, or possibly in a more complex structure.

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Tableau Software

Tableau Software, LLC is an American interactive data visualization software company focused on business intelligence.

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Tamara Munzner

Tamara Macushla Munzner (born 1969) is an American-Canadian scientist.

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The Data Incubator

The Data Incubator is a data science education company.

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Thematic map

A thematic map is a type of map that portrays the geographic pattern of a particular subject matter (theme) in a geographic area.

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Time series

In mathematics, a time series is a series of data points indexed (or listed or graphed) in time order.

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Timeline

A timeline is a display of a list of events in chronological order. Data and information visualization and timeline are statistical charts and diagrams and visualization (graphics).

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Treemapping

In information visualization and computing, treemapping is a method for displaying hierarchical data using nested figures, usually rectangles. Data and information visualization and treemapping are statistical charts and diagrams and visualization (graphics).

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Turin Papyrus Map

The Turin Papyrus Map is an ancient Egyptian map, generally considered the oldest surviving map of topographical interest from the ancient world.

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Tycho Brahe

Tycho Brahe (born Tyge Ottesen Brahe,; 14 December 154624 October 1601), generally called Tycho for short, was a Danish astronomer of the Renaissance, known for his comprehensive and unprecedentedly accurate astronomical observations.

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University of Maryland Human–Computer Interaction Lab

The Human–Computer Interaction Lab (HCIL) at the University of Maryland, College Park is an academic research center specializing in the field of human-computer interaction (HCI).

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University of Reading

The University of Reading is a public research university in Reading, Berkshire, England.

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Unstructured data

Unstructured data (or unstructured information) is information that either does not have a pre-defined data model or is not organized in a pre-defined manner.

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Variable (mathematics)

In mathematics, a variable (from Latin variabilis, "changeable") is a symbol that represents a mathematical object.

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Venn diagram

A Venn diagram is a widely used diagram style that shows the logical relation between sets, popularized by John Venn (1834–1923) in the 1880s. Data and information visualization and Venn diagram are statistical charts and diagrams.

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Virtual reality

Virtual reality (VR) is a simulated experience that employs 3D near-eye displays and pose tracking to give the user an immersive feel of a virtual world.

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Visual analytics

Visual analytics is an outgrowth of the fields of information visualization and scientific visualization that focuses on analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual interfaces. Data and information visualization and visual analytics are visualization (graphics).

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Visual communication

Visual communication is the use of visual elements to convey ideas and information which include (but are not limited to) signs, typography, drawing, graphic design, illustration, industrial design, advertising, animation, and electronic resources.

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Visual journalism

Visual journalism is the practice of strategically combining words and images to convey information.

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Visual literacy

Visual literacy is the ability to interpret, negotiate, and make meaning from information presented in the form of an image, extending the meaning of literacy, which commonly signifies interpretation of a written or printed text.

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Visual perception

Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment through photopic vision (daytime vision), color vision, scotopic vision (night vision), and mesopic vision (twilight vision), using light in the visible spectrum reflected by objects in the environment.

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Visualization (graphics)

Visualization (or visualisation (see spelling differences)), also known as Graphics Visualization, is any technique for creating images, diagrams, or animations to communicate a message.

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Warming stripes

Warming stripes (sometimes referred to as climate stripes, climate timelines or stripe graphics) are data visualization graphics that use a series of coloured stripes chronologically ordered to visually portray long-term temperature trends. Data and information visualization and Warming stripes are data visualization.

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Waterfall chart

A waterfall chart is a form of data visualization that helps in understanding the cumulative effect of sequentially introduced positive or negative values. Data and information visualization and waterfall chart are visualization (graphics).

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Website

A website (also written as a web site) is a collection of web pages and related content that is identified by a common domain name and published on at least one web server.

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William Playfair

William Playfair (22 September 1759 – 11 February 1823), a Scottish engineer and political economist, served as a secret agent on behalf of Great Britain during its war with France. Data and information visualization and William Playfair are statistical charts and diagrams.

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Workflow

Workflow is a generic term for orchestrated and repeatable patterns of activity, enabled by the systematic organization of resources into processes that transform materials, provide services, or process information.

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York University

York University (Université York), also known as YorkU or simply YU, is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_and_information_visualization

Also known as "data viz", Color coding in data visualization, Color coding technology for visualization, Data Presentation Architecture, Data Visualisation, Data Visualization, Data graphic, Data graphics, Data presentation, Data representation, Data story telling, Data storytelling, Data visualizations, Data viz, Datavisualization, Dataviz, Graphical tools, History of data visualization, Information Visualization, Information visualisation, Infovis, Infoviz, Interactive data visualization, Storytelling with data, Variwide, Visualization interface.

, Continuous or discrete variable, Correlation, Crime mapping, D3.js, Dashboard (computing), Data, Data analysis, Data and information visualization, Data binning, Data exploration, Data journalism, Data literacy, Data management, Data mining, Data physicalization, Data profiling, Data science, Data warehouse, Database, Decision tree, Dendrogram, Dependency (project management), Descriptive statistics, Design, Diagram, Digital humanities, Digital library, Document, Drug discovery, E-governance, Ed Hawkins (climatologist), Edward Tufte, Element (mathematics), Emerging technologies, English language, Entity–relationship model, Eurographics, Exploratory data analysis, Fernanda Viégas, File system, Flowchart, Frequency (statistics), Funnel chart, Gantt chart, Gauge (instrument), General assembly, Geographic data and information, Geography, Geovisualization, Google, Grand Tour (data visualisation), Graph drawing, Graphic design, Graphics, Health care, Heat map, Height, Hierarchy, Histogram, Human–computer interaction, Hyperbolic tree, Hypothesis, IBM Research, Iconography of correlations, IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Visualization, Imc FAMOS, Industrial and organizational psychology, Infographic, Information, Information Age, Information architecture, Information art, Information design, Information discovery, Information literacy, Information management, Information system, Information visualization reference model, Interaction design, Interaction technique, Interval (mathematics), Jacques Bertin, James Landay, JavaScript, Jean-Daniel Fekete, Jock D. Mackinlay, John Tukey, Lascaux, Length, Line chart, Linear B, List of countries by economic complexity, List of graphical methods, List of information graphics software, Literacy, Logarithmic scale, Log–log plot, Logic, Machine learning, Map, Market data, Marshall Islands stick chart, Martin M. Wattenberg, Mass communication, Michael Friendly, Microsoft Research, Mind map, Minimalism, Minitab, Misinformation, Misleading graph, Mixed reality, Mosaic plot, Multidimensional scaling, Multivariate statistics, Mycenae, Narrative, Nesting (computing), News, Nonparametric statistics, Numeracy, Outlier, Page layout, Panopticon Software, Parallel coordinates, Patent visualisation, Pie chart, Pierre de Fermat, Pleistocene, Plot (graphics), Plot (narrative), Pre-attentive processing, Principal component analysis, Probability distribution, Problem solving environment, Process, Product (mathematics), Production control, Project network, Project planning, Proportional symbol map, Proportionality (mathematics), Psychology, Ptolemy, Public opinion, Python (programming language), Quartile, Quipu, R (programming language), Radar chart, Real-time computer graphics, Rectangle, Regression analysis, René Descartes, Representation (arts), Resource, Robert Spence (engineer), Sankey diagram, SAS (software), Scatter plot, Schedule (project management), Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, Scientific visualization, Semantic network, Semi-log plot, Set (mathematics), SIGCHI, SIGGRAPH, SOFA Statistics, Software visualization, Spatialization, Spectrogram, Statistical classification, Statistical graphics, Statistical hypothesis test, Statistical inference, Statistical population, Statistician, Statistics, Streamgraph, Stuart Card, Subject-matter expert, Table (information), Tableau Software, Tamara Munzner, The Data Incubator, Thematic map, Time series, Timeline, Treemapping, Turin Papyrus Map, Tycho Brahe, University of Maryland Human–Computer Interaction Lab, University of Reading, Unstructured data, Variable (mathematics), Venn diagram, Virtual reality, Visual analytics, Visual communication, Visual journalism, Visual literacy, Visual perception, Visualization (graphics), Warming stripes, Waterfall chart, Website, William Playfair, Workflow, York University.

Data and information visualization, the Glossary

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