David Witt, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 100 relations: Amelia Island Championships, Association of Tennis Professionals, ATP Challenger Tour, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, ATP Tour, Australian Open, Brian MacPhie, Canadian Open (tennis), Charleston Open, Christo van Rensburg, Cincinnati Open, Deerwood Country Club, Doug Flach, Eddleman Pro Tennis Classic, Eric Taino, Eyal Erlich, Fabio Silberberg, Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, Frances Tiafoe, French Open, Geoff Grant, Grand Slam (tennis), Guadalajara, High Point, North Carolina, Indian Wells Open, International Tennis Federation, ITF Men's World Tennis Tour, Jessica Pegula, Leander Paes, Levar Harper-Griffith, Levene Gouldin & Thompson Tennis Challenger, Maria Sakkari, Mark Koevermans, Mark Merklein, Miami Open (tennis), Michael Joyce (tennis), Nielsen Pro Tennis Championship, Orange Park, Florida, Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida, Richey Reneberg, Scott Melville, Tennis, Tennis (magazine), The Florida Times-Union, The New York Times, U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships, United States Tennis Association, US Open (tennis), Venus Williams, Wade McGuire, ... Expand index (50 more) »

2. Tennis players from North Carolina

Amelia Island Championships

The Amelia Island Championships was a women's tennis tournament held in Amelia Island Plantation and later Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida, United States.

See David Witt and Amelia Island Championships

Association of Tennis Professionals

The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) is the governing body of the men's professional tennis circuits – the ATP Tour, the ATP Challenger Tour and the ATP Champions Tour.

See David Witt and Association of Tennis Professionals

ATP Challenger Tour

The ATP Challenger Tour, known until the end of 2008 as the ATP Challenger Series, is a series of international men's professional tennis tournaments.

See David Witt and ATP Challenger Tour

ATP Masters 1000 tournaments

The ATP Masters events, known as ATP Masters 1000 tournaments since 2009, are an annual series of nine tennis tournaments featuring the top-ranked players on the ATP Tour since its inception in 1990.

See David Witt and ATP Masters 1000 tournaments

ATP Tour

The ATP Tour (known as ATP World Tour between January 2009 and December 2018) is the sole worldwide top-tier tennis tour for men organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals founded in 1990 that replaced the earlier dual Grand Prix Circuit and WCT Circuit.

See David Witt and ATP Tour

Australian Open

The Australian Open is a tennis tournament held annually at Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

See David Witt and Australian Open

Brian MacPhie

Brian MacPhie (born May 11, 1972) is a former American professional tennis player.

See David Witt and Brian MacPhie

Canadian Open (tennis)

The Canadian Open (Tournoi de tennis du Canada; also known as the Canada Masters, and currently branded as the National Bank Open presented by Rogers for sponsorship reasons) is an annual professional tennis tournament held in Ontario and Quebec, Canada.

See David Witt and Canadian Open (tennis)

Charleston Open

The Charleston Open, currently sponsored by Credit One, is a WTA Tour-affiliated professional tennis tournament for women, held every year since 1973.

See David Witt and Charleston Open

Christo van Rensburg

Christo van Rensburg (born 23 October 1962) is a former professional tennis player from South Africa.

See David Witt and Christo van Rensburg

Cincinnati Open

The Cincinnati Open (also known as the Cincinnati Masters) is an annual professional tennis event held in Cincinnati, United States.

See David Witt and Cincinnati Open

Deerwood Country Club

Deerwood was the first gated community in Florida, US.

See David Witt and Deerwood Country Club

Doug Flach

Doug Flach (born August 10, 1970) is a former tennis player from the United States.

See David Witt and Doug Flach

Eddleman Pro Tennis Classic

The Eddleman Pro Tennis Classic was an ATP Challenger Tour tennis tournament played from 1991 until 2003.

See David Witt and Eddleman Pro Tennis Classic

Eric Taino

Eric Taino (born March 18, 1975) is a retired ATP Tour American tennis player, who later represented the Philippines in international competition.

See David Witt and Eric Taino

Eyal Erlich

Eyal Erlich (אייל ארליך; born 1 January 1977) is a former professional tennis player from Israel.

See David Witt and Eyal Erlich

Fabio Silberberg

Fabio Silberberg (born 25 March 1969) is a former professional tennis player from Brazil.

See David Witt and Fabio Silberberg

Flushing Meadows–Corona Park

Flushing Meadows–Corona Park (often referred to as Flushing Meadows Park or simply Flushing Meadows) is a public park in the northern part of Queens in New York City, New York, U.S. It is bounded by I-678 (Van Wyck Expressway) on the east, Grand Central Parkway on the west, Flushing Bay on the north, and Union Turnpike on the south.

See David Witt and Flushing Meadows–Corona Park

Frances Tiafoe

Frances Tiafoe Jr. (born January 20, 1998) is an American professional tennis player.

See David Witt and Frances Tiafoe

French Open

The French Open (Internationaux de France de tennis), also known as Roland-Garros, is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France, beginning in late May each year.

See David Witt and French Open

Geoff Grant

Geoff Grant is an American former professional tour tennis player.

See David Witt and Geoff Grant

Grand Slam (tennis)

The Grand Slam in tennis is the achievement of winning all four major championships in one discipline in a calendar year.

See David Witt and Grand Slam (tennis)

Guadalajara

Guadalajara is a city in western Mexico and the capital of the state of Jalisco.

See David Witt and Guadalajara

High Point, North Carolina

High Point is a city in the Piedmont Triad region of the U.S. state of North Carolina.

See David Witt and High Point, North Carolina

Indian Wells Open

The Indian Wells Open is an annual professional tennis tournament held in Indian Wells, California, United States.

See David Witt and Indian Wells Open

International Tennis Federation

The International Tennis Federation (ITF) is the governing body of world tennis, wheelchair tennis, and beach tennis.

See David Witt and International Tennis Federation

ITF Men's World Tennis Tour

The ITF Men's World Tennis Tour (formerly ITF Men's Circuit) is a series of professional tennis tournaments held around the world that are organized by the International Tennis Federation.

See David Witt and ITF Men's World Tennis Tour

Jessica Pegula

Jessica Pegula (born February 24, 1994) is an American professional tennis player. David Witt and Jessica Pegula are tennis players from Florida.

See David Witt and Jessica Pegula

Leander Paes

Leander Adrian Paes (born 17 June 1973) is an Indian former professional tennis player.

See David Witt and Leander Paes

Levar Harper-Griffith

Levar Harper-Griffith (born September 4, 1981) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

See David Witt and Levar Harper-Griffith

Levene Gouldin & Thompson Tennis Challenger

The Levene Gouldin & Thompson Tennis Challenger was a tennis tournament held in Binghamton, New York, United States from 1994-2019.

See David Witt and Levene Gouldin & Thompson Tennis Challenger

Maria Sakkari

Maria Sakkari (Μαρία Σάκκαρη,; born 25 July 1995) is a Greek professional tennis player.

See David Witt and Maria Sakkari

Mark Koevermans

Mark Koevermans (born 3 February 1968) is a former tennis player from the Netherlands, who turned professional in 1987.

See David Witt and Mark Koevermans

Mark Merklein

Mark Merklein (born June 28, 1972) is a Bahamas-born former college and professional tennis player.

See David Witt and Mark Merklein

Miami Open (tennis)

The Miami Open (also known as the Miami Masters and as the Miami Open presented by Itaú for sponsorship reasons) is an annual professional tennis tournament held in Miami Gardens, Florida, United States.

See David Witt and Miami Open (tennis)

Michael Joyce (tennis)

Michael T. Joyce (born February 1, 1973) is an American former tennis player, who turned professional in 1991.

See David Witt and Michael Joyce (tennis)

Nielsen Pro Tennis Championship

The Nielsen Pro Tennis Championship is a tennis tournament held intermittently in Winnetka, Illinois, USA since 1984.

See David Witt and Nielsen Pro Tennis Championship

Orange Park, Florida

Orange Park is a town in Clay County, Florida, United States.

See David Witt and Orange Park, Florida

Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida

Ponte Vedra Beach is a wealthy unincorporated community and suburb of Jacksonville, Florida in St. Johns County, Florida, United States.

See David Witt and Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida

Richey Reneberg

Richey Reneberg (born October 5, 1965) is an American former professional tennis player.

See David Witt and Richey Reneberg

Scott Melville

Scott Melville (born August 4, 1966) is a former professional tennis player from the United States. David Witt and Scott Melville are tennis players from Florida.

See David Witt and Scott Melville

Tennis

Tennis is a racket sport that is played either individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).

See David Witt and Tennis

Tennis (magazine)

Tennis is a U.S. print sports magazine devoted to the sport of tennis.

See David Witt and Tennis (magazine)

The Florida Times-Union

The Florida Times-Union is a daily newspaper in Jacksonville, Florida, United States.

See David Witt and The Florida Times-Union

The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

See David Witt and The New York Times

U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships

The U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships is an annual ATP Tour tennis tournament.

See David Witt and U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships

United States Tennis Association

The United States Tennis Association (USTA) is the national governing body for tennis in the United States.

See David Witt and United States Tennis Association

US Open (tennis)

The US Open Tennis Championships, commonly called the US Open, is a hardcourt tennis tournament held annually in Queens, New York.

See David Witt and US Open (tennis)

Venus Williams

Venus Ebony Starr Williams (born June 17, 1980) is an American professional tennis player.

See David Witt and Venus Williams

Wade McGuire

Wade McGuire (born August 19, 1969) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

See David Witt and Wade McGuire

Whistler Mountain

Whistler Mountain (Lillooet/Ucwalmícwts: Nsqwítsu) is a mountain in the Fitzsimmons Range of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains, located on the northwestern edge of Garibaldi Provincial Park.

See David Witt and Whistler Mountain

Williams sisters

The Williams sisters are two professional American tennis players: Venus Williams (b. 1980), a seven-time Grand Slam title winner (singles), and Serena Williams (b. 1981), twenty-three-time Grand Slam title winner (singles), both of whom were coached from an early age by their parents Richard Williams and Oracene Price.

See David Witt and Williams sisters

Wimbledon Championships

The Wimbledon Championships, commonly called Wimbledon, is the oldest tennis tournament in the world and is widely regarded as the most prestigious.

See David Witt and Wimbledon Championships

1990 ATP Tour

The 1990 IBM ATP Tour was the first season of the ATP Tour, the newly formed tennis circuit which came in to replace the Grand Prix and WCT tournaments.

See David Witt and 1990 ATP Tour

1990 US Open – Men's singles

Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi in the final, 6–4, 6–3, 6–2 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1990 US Open.

See David Witt and 1990 US Open – Men's singles

1991 ATP Tour

The 1991 IBM ATP Tour was the elite tour for professional men's tennis organized by the ATP Tour.

See David Witt and 1991 ATP Tour

1991 Lipton International Players Championships – Men's singles

Jim Courier defeated David Wheaton in the final, 4–6, 6–3, 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1991 Miami Open.

See David Witt and 1991 Lipton International Players Championships – Men's singles

1991 US Open – Men's doubles

The men's doubles tournament at the 1991 US Open was held from August 26 to September 8, 1991, on the outdoor hard courts of the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City, United States.

See David Witt and 1991 US Open – Men's doubles

1991 US Open – Men's singles

Stefan Edberg defeated Jim Courier in the final, 6–2, 6–4, 6–0 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1991 US Open.

See David Witt and 1991 US Open – Men's singles

1991 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying

Players and pairs who neither have high enough rankings nor receive wild cards may participate in a qualifying tournament held one week before the annual Wimbledon Tennis Championships.

See David Witt and 1991 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying

1992 ATP Tour

The IBM Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the ATP tour.

See David Witt and 1992 ATP Tour

1992 US Open – Men's singles qualifying

Players who neither had high enough rankings nor received wild cards to enter the main draw of the annual US Open Tennis Championships participated in a qualifying tournament held over several days before the event.

See David Witt and 1992 US Open – Men's singles qualifying

1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying

Players and pairs who neither have high enough rankings nor receive wild cards may participate in a qualifying tournament held one week before the annual Wimbledon Tennis Championships.

See David Witt and 1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying

1993 ATP Tour

The IBM Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional men's tennis organized by the ATP tour.

See David Witt and 1993 ATP Tour

1993 French Open – Men's singles qualifying

Players who neither had high enough rankings nor received wild cards to enter the main draw of the annual French Open Tennis Championships participated in a qualifying tournament held in the week before the event.

See David Witt and 1993 French Open – Men's singles qualifying

1993 Lipton Championships – Men's doubles

Ken Flach and Todd Witsken were the defending champions, but lost in the second round this year.

See David Witt and 1993 Lipton Championships – Men's doubles

1993 Lipton Championships – Men's singles

Pete Sampras defeated MaliVai Washington in the final, 6–3, 6–2 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1993 Miami Open.

See David Witt and 1993 Lipton Championships – Men's singles

1993 Newsweek Champions Cup – Singles

Jim Courier defeated Wayne Ferreira in the final, 6–3, 6–3, 6–1 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1993 Indian Wells Masters.

See David Witt and 1993 Newsweek Champions Cup – Singles

1993 Thriftway ATP Championships – Singles

Michael Chang defeated Stefan Edberg in the final, 7–5, 0–6, 6–4 to win the singles tennis title at the 1993 Cincinnati Masters.

See David Witt and 1993 Thriftway ATP Championships – Singles

1993 US Open – Men's doubles

The men's doubles tournament at the 1993 US Open was held from August 30 to September 12, 1993, on the outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City, United States.

See David Witt and 1993 US Open – Men's doubles

1993 US Open – Men's singles

Pete Sampras defeated Cédric Pioline in the final, 6–4, 6–4, 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1993 US Open.

See David Witt and 1993 US Open – Men's singles

1993 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles qualifying

Players and pairs who neither have high enough rankings nor receive wild cards may participate in a qualifying tournament held one week before the annual Wimbledon Tennis Championships.

See David Witt and 1993 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles qualifying

1993 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying

Players and pairs who neither have high enough rankings nor receive wild cards may participate in a qualifying tournament held one week before the annual Wimbledon Tennis Championships.

See David Witt and 1993 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying

1994 ATP Tour

The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the ATP.

See David Witt and 1994 ATP Tour

1994 Australian Open – Men's singles qualifying

This article displays the qualifying draw for men's singles at the 1994 Australian Open.

See David Witt and 1994 Australian Open – Men's singles qualifying

1994 French Open – Men's doubles

Luke and Murphy Jensen were the defending champions, but they were defeated in the third round by The Woodies.

See David Witt and 1994 French Open – Men's doubles

1994 French Open – Men's singles qualifying

Players who neither had high enough rankings nor received wild cards to enter the main draw of the annual French Open Tennis Championships participated in a qualifying tournament held in the week before the event.

See David Witt and 1994 French Open – Men's singles qualifying

1994 Lipton Championships – Men's singles

Defending champion Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi in the final, 5–7, 6–3, 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1994 Miami Open.

See David Witt and 1994 Lipton Championships – Men's singles

1994 Newsweek Champions Cup – Singles

Pete Sampras defeated Petr Korda in the final, 4–6, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1994 Indian Wells Masters.

See David Witt and 1994 Newsweek Champions Cup – Singles

1994 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships – Doubles

Fourth-seeded pair Richey Reneberg and Christo van Rensburg won the title, defeating Brian MacPhie and David Witt in the final.

See David Witt and 1994 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships – Doubles

1994 US Open – Men's doubles

The 1994 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States.

See David Witt and 1994 US Open – Men's doubles

1994 US Open – Men's singles

Andre Agassi defeated Michael Stich in the final, 6–1, 7–6(7–5), 7–5 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1994 US Open.

See David Witt and 1994 US Open – Men's singles

1994 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles qualifying

Players and pairs who neither have high enough rankings nor receive wild cards may participate in a qualifying tournament held one week before the annual Wimbledon Tennis Championships.

See David Witt and 1994 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles qualifying

1994 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles

Defending champion Pete Sampras defeated Goran Ivanišević in the final, 7–6(7–2), 7–6(7–5), 6–0 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1994 Wimbledon Championships.

See David Witt and 1994 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles

1995 ATP Tour

The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the ATP.

See David Witt and 1995 ATP Tour

1995 French Open – Men's singles qualifying

Players who neither had high enough rankings nor received wild cards to enter the main draw of the annual French Open Tennis Championships participated in a qualifying tournament held in the week before the event.

See David Witt and 1995 French Open – Men's singles qualifying

1995 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying

Players and pairs who neither have high enough rankings nor receive wild cards may participate in a qualifying tournament held one week before the annual Wimbledon Tennis Championships.

See David Witt and 1995 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying

1996 ATP Tour

The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the ATP.

See David Witt and 1996 ATP Tour

1996 Lipton Championships – Men's singles

Defending champion Andre Agassi won the men's singles tennis title at the 1996 Miami Open, after Goran Ivanišević was forced to retire from the final with the score at 3–0 to Agassi in the first set.

See David Witt and 1996 Lipton Championships – Men's singles

1997 ATP Tour

The 1997 ATP Tour was the elite tour for professional tennis organised by the ATP that year.

See David Witt and 1997 ATP Tour

1997 US Open – Men's doubles

The 1997 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States.

See David Witt and 1997 US Open – Men's doubles

1997 US Open – Men's singles qualifying

Players who neither had high enough rankings nor received wild cards to enter the main draw of the annual US Open Tennis Championships participated in a qualifying tournament held over several days before the event.

See David Witt and 1997 US Open – Men's singles qualifying

1998 ATP Tour

The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional men's tennis organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).

See David Witt and 1998 ATP Tour

1998 Australian Open – Men's singles

Petr Korda defeated Marcelo Ríos in the final, 6–2, 6–2, 6–2 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1998 Australian Open.

See David Witt and 1998 Australian Open – Men's singles

1998 du Maurier Open – Men's singles

Patrick Rafter defeated Richard Krajicek in the final, 7–6,(7–3), 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1998 Canadian Open.

See David Witt and 1998 du Maurier Open – Men's singles

1998 Lipton Championships – Men's singles

Marcelo Ríos defeated Andre Agassi in the final, 7–5, 6–3, 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1998 Miami Open.

See David Witt and 1998 Lipton Championships – Men's singles

1998 US Open – Men's doubles qualifying

The qualifying rounds for the 1998 US Open were played from 25 to 29 August 1998 at the USTA National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, New York City, United States.

See David Witt and 1998 US Open – Men's doubles qualifying

1998 US Open – Men's singles qualifying

Players who neither had high enough rankings nor received wild cards to enter the main draw of the annual US Open Tennis Championships participated in a qualifying tournament held over several days before the event.

See David Witt and 1998 US Open – Men's singles qualifying

1998 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles qualifying

Players and pairs who neither have high enough rankings nor receive wild cards may participate in a qualifying tournament held one week before the annual Wimbledon Tennis Championships.

See David Witt and 1998 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles qualifying

1998 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying

Players and pairs who neither have high enough rankings nor receive wild cards may participate in a qualifying tournament held one week before the annual Wimbledon Tennis Championships.

See David Witt and 1998 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying

See also

Tennis players from North Carolina

• Abigail Forbes
• Allen Morris (tennis)
• Ally Baker
• Andy Andrews (tennis)
• Carolyn Ansari
• Chris Kennedy (tennis)
• Clifford Skakle
• Cory Ann Avants
• David Witt
• Gregg Hill
• Jane Preyer
• Jimmy Jackson (tennis)
• John Isner
• John Lucas II
• John Sadri
• Kim Kessaris
• Korey Lovett
• Laura duPont
• Lauren Herring
• Lawson Duncan
• Lenny Simpson
• Lenoir C. Wright
• Matt McDonald
• Michael Yani
• Nicholas Monroe
• Patrick Kypson
• Pender Murphy
• Peter Ayers
• Sarah Taylor (tennis)
• Stacey Schefflin
• Terry Holladay
• Thai-Son Kwiatkowski
• Tim Wilkison
• Tommy Paul (tennis)
• Tripp Phillips
• Wayne Hearn

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Witt

Also known as Witt, David.

, Whistler Mountain, Williams sisters, Wimbledon Championships, 1990 ATP Tour, 1990 US Open – Men's singles, 1991 ATP Tour, 1991 Lipton International Players Championships – Men's singles, 1991 US Open – Men's doubles, 1991 US Open – Men's singles, 1991 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying, 1992 ATP Tour, 1992 US Open – Men's singles qualifying, 1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying, 1993 ATP Tour, 1993 French Open – Men's singles qualifying, 1993 Lipton Championships – Men's doubles, 1993 Lipton Championships – Men's singles, 1993 Newsweek Champions Cup – Singles, 1993 Thriftway ATP Championships – Singles, 1993 US Open – Men's doubles, 1993 US Open – Men's singles, 1993 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles qualifying, 1993 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying, 1994 ATP Tour, 1994 Australian Open – Men's singles qualifying, 1994 French Open – Men's doubles, 1994 French Open – Men's singles qualifying, 1994 Lipton Championships – Men's singles, 1994 Newsweek Champions Cup – Singles, 1994 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships – Doubles, 1994 US Open – Men's doubles, 1994 US Open – Men's singles, 1994 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles qualifying, 1994 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles, 1995 ATP Tour, 1995 French Open – Men's singles qualifying, 1995 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying, 1996 ATP Tour, 1996 Lipton Championships – Men's singles, 1997 ATP Tour, 1997 US Open – Men's doubles, 1997 US Open – Men's singles qualifying, 1998 ATP Tour, 1998 Australian Open – Men's singles, 1998 du Maurier Open – Men's singles, 1998 Lipton Championships – Men's singles, 1998 US Open – Men's doubles qualifying, 1998 US Open – Men's singles qualifying, 1998 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles qualifying, 1998 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying.