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De novo gene birth, the Glossary

De novo gene birth is the process by which new genes evolve from non-coding DNA.^[1]

68 relations: Ant, Antifreeze protein, Arabidopsis thaliana, Arthropod, Bacteriophage, Bernard Dujon, BLAST (biotechnology), Bombyx mori, Brassicaceae, Brown rat, DNA methylation, DNA microarray, Drosophila erecta, Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila simulans, Drosophila yakuba, Effective population size, Evolvability, François Jacob, Fusion gene, Gadidae, GC-content, Gene, Gene duplication, Genome-wide association study, Genomic phylostratigraphy, Histone, HKA test, Horizontal gene transfer, House mouse, Human, Intrinsically disordered proteins, J. B. S. Haldane, Ka/Ks ratio, Leishmania major, Lepidoptera, Long non-coding RNA, Mass spectrometry, Methylation, Molecular evolution, Non-coding DNA, Open reading frame, Orphan gene, Oryza, Overlapping gene, Pleiotropy, POLG, Population genetics, Primate, Pristionchus, ... Expand index (18 more) »
Modification of genetic information
Wikipedia articles published in PLOS Genetics
Wikipedia articles published in peer-reviewed literature (J2W)

Ant

Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera.

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Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit their survival in temperatures below the freezing point of water.

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Arabidopsis thaliana

Arabidopsis thaliana, the thale cress, mouse-ear cress or arabidopsis, is a small plant from the mustard family (Brassicaceae), native to Eurasia and Africa.

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Arthropod

Arthropods are invertebrates in the phylum Arthropoda.

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Bacteriophage

A bacteriophage, also known informally as a phage, is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.

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Bernard Dujon

Bernard Dujon is a French geneticist, born on August 8, 1947, in Meudon (Hauts-de-Seine).

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BLAST (biotechnology)

In bioinformatics, BLAST (basic local alignment search tool) is an algorithm and program for comparing primary biological sequence information, such as the amino-acid sequences of proteins or the nucleotides of DNA and/or RNA sequences.

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Bombyx mori

Bombyx mori, commonly known as the domestic silk moth, is a moth species belonging to the family Bombycidae.

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Brassicaceae

Brassicaceae or (the older) Cruciferae is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family.

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Brown rat

The brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), also known as the common rat, street rat, sewer rat, wharf rat, Hanover rat, Norway rat and Norwegian rat, is a widespread species of common rat.

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DNA methylation

DNA methylation is a biological process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule.

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DNA microarray

A DNA microarray (also commonly known as DNA chip or biochip) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface.

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Drosophila erecta

Drosophila erecta is a West African species of fruit fly, and was one of 12 fruit fly genomes sequenced for a large comparative study.

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Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (an insect of the order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae.

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Drosophila simulans

Drosophila simulans is a species of fly closely related to D. melanogaster, belonging to the same ''melanogaster'' species subgroup.

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Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila yakuba is an African species of fruit fly that is predominantly found in open savanna, and was one of 12 fruit fly genomes sequenced for a large comparative study.

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Effective population size

The effective population size (Ne) is size of an idealised population would experience the same rate of genetic drift or increase in inbreeding as in the real population.

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Evolvability

Evolvability is defined as the capacity of a system for adaptive evolution.

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François Jacob

François Jacob (17 June 1920 – 19 April 2013) was a French biologist who, together with Jacques Monod, originated the idea that control of enzyme levels in all cells occurs through regulation of transcription.

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Fusion gene

A fusion gene is a hybrid gene formed from two previously independent genes. De novo gene birth and fusion gene are Modification of genetic information.

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Gadidae

The Gadidae are a family of marine fish, included in the order Gadiformes, known as the cods, codfishes, or true cods.

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GC-content

In molecular biology and genetics, GC-content (or guanine-cytosine content) is the percentage of nitrogenous bases in a DNA or RNA molecule that are either guanine (G) or cytosine (C).

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Gene

In biology, the word gene has two meanings. De novo gene birth and gene are genes.

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Gene duplication

Gene duplication (or chromosomal duplication or gene amplification) is a major mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution. De novo gene birth and gene duplication are Modification of genetic information.

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Genome-wide association study

In genomics, a genome-wide association study (GWA study, or GWAS), is an observational study of a genome-wide set of genetic variants in different individuals to see if any variant is associated with a trait.

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Genomic phylostratigraphy

Genomic phylostratigraphy is a novel genetic statistical method developed in order to date the origin of specific genes by looking at its homologs across species.

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Histone

In biology, histones are highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei and in most Archaeal phyla.

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HKA test

The HKA Test, named after Richard R. Hudson, Martin Kreitman, and Montserrat Aguadé, is a statistical test used in genetics to evaluate the predictions of the Neutral Theory of molecular evolution.

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Horizontal gene transfer

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) is the movement of genetic material between organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offspring (reproduction). De novo gene birth and Horizontal gene transfer are Modification of genetic information.

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House mouse

The house mouse (Mus musculus) is a small mammal of the order Rodentia, characteristically having a pointed snout, large rounded ears, and a long and almost hairless tail.

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Human

Humans (Homo sapiens, meaning "thinking man") or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus Homo.

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Intrinsically disordered proteins

In molecular biology, an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) is a protein that lacks a fixed or ordered three-dimensional structure, typically in the absence of its macromolecular interaction partners, such as other proteins or RNA.

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J. B. S. Haldane

John Burdon Sanderson Haldane (5 November 18921 December 1964), nicknamed "Jack" or "JBS", was a British-Indian scientist who worked in physiology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and mathematics.

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Ka/Ks ratio

In genetics, the Ka/Ks ratio, also known as ω or dN/dS ratio, is used to estimate the balance between neutral mutations, purifying selection and beneficial mutations acting on a set of homologous protein-coding genes.

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Leishmania major

Leishmania major is a species of parasite found in the genus Leishmania, and is associated with the disease zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (also known as Aleppo boil, Baghdad boil, Bay sore, Biskra button, Chiclero ulcer, Delhi boil, Kandahar sore, Lahore sore, Oriental sore, Pian bois, and Uta).

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Lepidoptera

Lepidoptera or lepidopterans is an order of winged insects that includes butterflies and moths.

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Long non-coding RNA

Long non-coding RNAs (long ncRNAs, lncRNA) are a type of RNA, generally defined as transcripts more than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into protein.

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Mass spectrometry

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions.

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Methylation

Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group.

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Molecular evolution

Molecular evolution describes how inherited DNA and/or RNA change over evolutionary time, and the consequences of this for proteins and other components of cells and organisms.

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Non-coding DNA

Non-coding DNA (ncDNA) sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not encode protein sequences.

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Open reading frame

In molecular biology, reading frames are defined as spans of DNA sequence between the start and stop codons.

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Orphan gene

Orphan genes, ORFans, or taxonomically restricted genes (TRGs) are genes that lack a detectable homologue outside of a given species or lineage.

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Oryza

Oryza is a genus of plants in the grass family.

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Overlapping gene

An overlapping gene (or OLG) is a gene whose expressible nucleotide sequence partially overlaps with the expressible nucleotide sequence of another gene. De novo gene birth and overlapping gene are genes.

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Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy (from Greek, 'more', and, 'way') occurs when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits.

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POLG

DNA polymerase subunit gamma (POLG or POLG1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLG gene.

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Population genetics

Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and among populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology.

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Primate

Primates is an order of mammals, which is further divided into the strepsirrhines, which include lemurs, galagos, and lorisids; and the haplorhines, which include tarsiers; and the simians, which include monkeys and apes.

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Pristionchus

Pristionchus is a genus of nematodes (roundworms) in the family Diplogastridae that currently includes more than 50 described species.

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Pristionchus pacificus

Pristionchus pacificus is a species of free-living nematodes (roundworms) in the family Diplogastridae.

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Protamine

Protamines are small, arginine-rich, nuclear proteins that replace histones late in the haploid phase of spermatogenesis and are believed essential for sperm head condensation and DNA stabilization.

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Protein secondary structure

Protein secondary structure is the local spatial conformation of the polypeptide backbone excluding the side chains.

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Pseudogene

Pseudogenes are nonfunctional segments of DNA that resemble functional genes.

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Real-time polymerase chain reaction

A real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR, or qPCR when used quantitatively) is a laboratory technique of molecular biology based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

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Recombination hotspot

Recombination hotspots are regions in a genome that exhibit elevated rates of recombination relative to a neutral expectation.

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Ribosome profiling

Ribosome profiling, or Ribo-Seq (also named ribosome footprinting), is an adaptation of a technique developed by Joan Steitz and Marilyn Kozak almost 50 years ago that Nicholas Ingolia and Jonathan Weissman adapted to work with next generation sequencing that uses specialized messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing to determine which mRNAs are being actively translated.

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RNA-Seq

RNA-Seq (named as an abbreviation of RNA sequencing) is a technique that uses next-generation sequencing to reveal the presence and quantity of RNA molecules in a biological sample, providing a snapshot of gene expression in the sample, also known as transcriptome. De novo gene birth and RNA-Seq are Externally peer reviewed articles and Wikipedia articles published in peer-reviewed literature.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_novo_gene_birth

Also known as De novo origin of genes.

, Pristionchus pacificus, Protamine, Protein secondary structure, Pseudogene, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Recombination hotspot, Ribosome profiling, RNA-Seq, Rodent, Saccharomyces, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces paradoxus, Sensu, Sequence homology, Simpson's paradox, Susumu Ohno, Synteny, Western blot.

De novo gene birth, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Modification of genetic information

Wikipedia articles published in PLOS Genetics

Wikipedia articles published in peer-reviewed literature (J2W)

References