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Diving physics, the Glossary

Diving physics, or the physics of underwater diving is the basic aspects of physics which describe the effects of the underwater environment on the underwater diver and their equipment, and the effects of blending, compressing, and storing breathing gas mixtures, and supplying them for use at ambient pressure.^[1]

86 relations: Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Ambient pressure, Apparent weight, Archimedes' principle, Argon, Atmospheric pressure, Barotrauma, Boyle's law, Breathing gas, Breathing performance of regulators, Buoyancy, Buoyancy compensator (diving), Buoyancy control, Charles's law, Color, Compressibility, Concentration, Cornea, Dalton's law, Decompression sickness, Density, Density of air, Diffusion, Diver trim, Diving equipment, Diving mask, Diving regulator, Diving weighting system, Drift diving, Dry suit, Earth's rotation, Electromagnetic spectrum, Gas, Gravity, Guillaume Amontons, Halocline, Heat transfer, Heliox, Henry's law, Human eye, Hydrostatics, Hypothermia, Ideal gas law, Lead, Lifting bag, Liquid, List of diving hazards and precautions, Lung, Metre sea water, Neutral buoyancy, ... Expand index (36 more) »
Sports science
Underwater diving physics

Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)

In physics, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is how matter (typically electrons bound in atoms) takes up a photon's energy — and so transforms electromagnetic energy into internal energy of the absorber (for example, thermal energy).

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Ambient pressure

The ambient pressure on an object is the pressure of the surrounding medium, such as a gas or liquid, in contact with the object. Diving physics and ambient pressure are underwater diving physics.

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Apparent weight

In physics, apparent weight is a property of objects that corresponds to how heavy an object appears to be.

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Archimedes' principle

Archimedes' principle (also spelled Archimedes's principle) states that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces.

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Argon

Argon is a chemical element; it has symbol Ar and atomic number 18.

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Atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric pressure, also known as air pressure or barometric pressure (after the barometer), is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth.

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Barotrauma

Barotrauma is physical damage to body tissues caused by a difference in pressure between a gas space inside, or in contact with, the body and the surrounding gas or liquid.

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Boyle's law

Boyle's law, also referred to as the Boyle–Mariotte law or Mariotte's law (especially in France), is an empirical gas law that describes the relationship between pressure and volume of a confined gas.

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Breathing gas

A breathing gas is a mixture of gaseous chemical elements and compounds used for respiration.

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Breathing performance of regulators

The breathing performance of regulators is a measure of the ability of a breathing gas regulator to meet the demands placed on it at varying ambient pressures and temperatures, and under varying breathing loads, for the range of breathing gases it may be expected to deliver.

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Buoyancy

Buoyancy, or upthrust, is a gravitational force, a net upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of a partially or fully immersed object.

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Buoyancy compensator (diving)

A buoyancy compensator (BC), also called a buoyancy control device (BCD), stabilizer, stabilisor, stab jacket, wing or adjustable buoyancy life jacket (ABLJ), depending on design, is a type of diving equipment which is worn by divers to establish neutral buoyancy underwater and positive buoyancy at the surface, when needed.

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Buoyancy control

Buoyancy control may refer to.

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Charles's law

Charles' law (also known as the law of volumes) is an experimental gas law that describes how gases tend to expand when heated.

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Color

Color (American English) or colour (British and Commonwealth English) is the visual perception based on the electromagnetic spectrum.

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Compressibility

In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, the compressibility (also known as the coefficient of compressibility or, if the temperature is held constant, the isothermal compressibility) is a measure of the instantaneous relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure (or mean stress) change.

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Concentration

In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.

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Cornea

The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.

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Dalton's law

Dalton's law (also called Dalton's law of partial pressures) states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.

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Decompression sickness

Decompression sickness (DCS; also called divers' disease, the bends, aerobullosis, and caisson disease) is a medical condition caused by dissolved gases emerging from solution as bubbles inside the body tissues during decompression.

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Density

Density (volumetric mass density or specific mass) is a substance's mass per unit of volume.

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Density of air

The density of air or atmospheric density, denoted ρ, is the mass per unit volume of Earth's atmosphere.

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Diffusion

Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

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Diver trim

The trim of a diver is the orientation of the body in the water, determined by posture and the distribution of weight and volume along the body and equipment, as well as by any other forces acting on the diver.

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Diving equipment

Diving equipment, or underwater diving equipment, is equipment used by underwater divers to make diving activities possible, easier, safer and/or more comfortable.

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Diving mask

A diving mask (also half mask, dive mask or scuba mask) is an item of diving equipment that allows underwater divers, including scuba divers, free-divers, and snorkelers, to see clearly underwater.

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Diving regulator

A diving regulator or underwater diving regulator is a pressure regulator that controls the pressure of breathing gas for underwater diving.

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Diving weighting system

A diving weighting system is ballast weight added to a diver or diving equipment to counteract excess buoyancy.

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Drift diving

Drift diving is a type of scuba diving where the diver is transported by the water movement caused by the tide, an ocean current or in a river.

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Dry suit

A dry suit or drysuit provides the wearer with environmental protection by way of thermal insulation and exclusion of water, and is worn by divers, boaters, water sports enthusiasts, and others who work or play in or near cold or contaminated water.

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Earth's rotation

Earth's rotation or Earth's spin is the rotation of planet Earth around its own axis, as well as changes in the orientation of the rotation axis in space.

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Electromagnetic spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum is the full range of electromagnetic radiation, organized by frequency or wavelength.

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Gas

Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter.

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Gravity

In physics, gravity is a fundamental interaction which causes mutual attraction between all things that have mass.

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Guillaume Amontons

Guillaume Amontons (31 August 1663 – 11 October 1705) was a French scientific instrument inventor and physicist.

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Halocline

In oceanography, a halocline (from Greek hals, halos 'salt' and klinein 'to slope') is a cline, a subtype of chemocline caused by a strong, vertical salinity gradient within a body of water.

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Heat transfer

Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy (heat) between physical systems.

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Heliox

Heliox is a breathing gas mixture of helium (He) and oxygen (O2).

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Henry's law

In physical chemistry, Henry's law is a gas law that states that the amount of dissolved gas in a liquid is directly proportional to its partial pressure above the liquid. Diving physics and Henry's law are underwater diving physics.

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Human eye

The human eye is an organ of the sensory nervous system that reacts to visible light and allows the use of visual information for various purposes including seeing things, keeping balance, and maintaining circadian rhythm.

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Hydrostatics

Fluid statics or hydrostatics is the branch of fluid mechanics that studies fluids at hydrostatic equilibrium and "the pressure in a fluid or exerted by a fluid on an immersed body". Diving physics and hydrostatics are underwater diving physics.

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Hypothermia

Hypothermia is defined as a body core temperature below in humans.

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Ideal gas law

The ideal gas law, also called the general gas equation, is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas.

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Lead

Lead is a chemical element; it has symbol Pb (from Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.

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Lifting bag

A lifting bag is an item of diving equipment consisting of a robust and air-tight bag with straps, which is used to lift heavy objects underwater by means of the bag's buoyancy.

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Liquid

A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a nearly constant volume independent of pressure.

See Diving physics and Liquid

List of diving hazards and precautions

Divers face specific physical and health risks when they go underwater with scuba or other diving equipment, or use high pressure breathing gas.

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Lung

The lungs are the central organs of the respiratory system in humans and some other animals, including tetrapods, some snails and a small number of fish.

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Metre sea water

The metre (or meter) sea water (msw) is a metric unit of pressure used in underwater diving. Diving physics and metre sea water are underwater diving physics.

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Neutral buoyancy

Neutral buoyancy occurs when an object's average density is equal to the density of the fluid in which it is immersed, resulting in the buoyant force balancing the force of gravity that would otherwise cause the object to sink (if the body's density is greater than the density of the fluid in which it is immersed) or rise (if it is less). Diving physics and Neutral buoyancy are underwater diving physics.

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Nitrogen narcosis

Narcosis while diving (also known as nitrogen narcosis, inert gas narcosis, raptures of the deep, Martini effect) is a reversible alteration in consciousness that occurs while diving at depth.

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North Atlantic Current

The North Atlantic Current (NAC), also known as North Atlantic Drift and North Atlantic Sea Movement, is a powerful warm western boundary current within the Atlantic Ocean that extends the Gulf Stream northeastward.

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Ocean current

An ocean current is a continuous, directed movement of seawater generated by a number of forces acting upon the water, including wind, the Coriolis effect, breaking waves, cabbeling, and temperature and salinity differences.

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Oxygen toxicity

Oxygen toxicity is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen at increased partial pressures.

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Partial pressure

In a mixture of gases, each constituent gas has a partial pressure which is the notional pressure of that constituent gas as if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature. Diving physics and partial pressure are underwater diving physics.

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Physics

Physics is the natural science of matter, involving the study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.

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Physiology of decompression

The physiology of decompression is the aspect of physiology which is affected by exposure to large changes in ambient pressure.

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Physiology of underwater diving

The physiology of underwater diving is the physiological adaptations to diving of air-breathing vertebrates that have returned to the ocean from terrestrial lineages.

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Positive feedback

Positive feedback (exacerbating feedback, self-reinforcing feedback) is a process that occurs in a feedback loop which exacerbates the effects of a small disturbance.

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Pressure

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Diving physics and Pressure are underwater diving physics.

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Pressure measurement

Pressure measurement is the measurement of an applied force by a fluid (liquid or gas) on a surface.

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Refractive index

In optics, the refractive index (or refraction index) of an optical medium is a dimensionless number that gives the indication of the light bending ability of that medium.

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Salinity

Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity).

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Scientific law

Scientific laws or laws of science are statements, based on repeated experiments or observations, that describe or predict a range of natural phenomena.

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Slack tide

Slack tide or slack water is the short period in a body of tidal water when the water is completely unstressed, and there is no movement either way in the tidal stream.

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Snell's law

Snell's law (also known as the Snell–Descartes law, the ibn-Sahl law, and the law of refraction) is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media, such as water, glass, or air.

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Solubility

In chemistry, solubility is the ability of a substance, the solute, to form a solution with another substance, the solvent. Diving physics and solubility are underwater diving physics.

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Supersaturation

In physical chemistry, supersaturation occurs with a solution when the concentration of a solute exceeds the concentration specified by the value of solubility at equilibrium. Diving physics and supersaturation are underwater diving physics.

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Surface tension

Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink into the minimum surface area possible.

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Temperature

Temperature is a physical quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness or coldness.

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Thermal conductivity and resistivity

The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to conduct heat.

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Thermocline

A thermocline (also known as the thermal layer or the metalimnion in lakes) is a distinct layer based on temperature within a large body of fluid (e.g. water, as in an ocean or lake; or air, e.g. an atmosphere) with a high gradient of distinct temperature differences associated with depth.

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Tide

Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon (and to a much lesser extent, the Sun) and are also caused by the Earth and Moon orbiting one another.

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Tissue (biology)

In biology, tissue is an assembly of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same embryonic origin that together carry out a specific function.

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Trimix (breathing gas)

Trimix is a breathing gas consisting of oxygen, helium and nitrogen and is used in deep commercial diving, during the deep phase of dives carried out using technical diving techniques, and in advanced recreational diving.

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Underwater acoustics

Underwater acoustics (also known as hydroacoustics) is the study of the propagation of sound in water and the interaction of the mechanical waves that constitute sound with the water, its contents and its boundaries.

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Underwater diving

Underwater diving, as a human activity, is the practice of descending below the water's surface to interact with the environment.

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Underwater environment

An underwater environment is a environment of, and immersed in, liquid water in a natural or artificial feature (called a body of water), such as an ocean, sea, lake, pond, reservoir, river, canal, or aquifer.

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Underwater vision

Underwater vision is the ability to see objects underwater, and this is significantly affected by several factors. Diving physics and underwater vision are underwater diving physics.

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Viscosity

The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate.

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Volume fraction

In chemistry and fluid mechanics, the volume fraction \varphi_i is defined as the volume of a constituent Vi divided by the volume of all constituents of the mixture V prior to mixing: Being dimensionless, its unit is 1; it is expressed as a number, e.g., 0.18.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_physics

, Nitrogen narcosis, North Atlantic Current, Ocean current, Oxygen toxicity, Partial pressure, Physics, Physiology of decompression, Physiology of underwater diving, Positive feedback, Pressure, Pressure measurement, Refractive index, Salinity, Scientific law, Slack tide, Snell's law, Solubility, Supersaturation, Surface tension, Temperature, Thermal conductivity and resistivity, Thermocline, Tide, Tissue (biology), Trimix (breathing gas), Underwater acoustics, Underwater diving, Underwater environment, Underwater vision, Viscosity, Volume fraction, Weather, Weight, Wind, Wind wave, Work of breathing.

Diving physics, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Sports science

Underwater diving physics

References