Dynamic range, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 107 relations: Absolute threshold of hearing, Adobe Photoshop, Ampex, Amplitude, Audio engineer, Audio Engineering Society, Audio signal processing, Audio system measurements, Auditory masking, Background noise, Binary number, Bit, Bit error rate, Cassette tape, Clipping (audio), CMOS, Color vision, Compact disc, Companding, Contrast ratio, Crest factor, Dbx (noise reduction), Decibel, Decimal, Digital audio workstation, Digital camera, Digital data, Digital holography, Digital photography, Distortion, Dither, Dodging and burning, Dolby noise-reduction system, DxO Labs, DxOMark, Dynamic range compression, Electric current, Electronics, Equal-loudness contour, European Broadcasting Union, Exposure range, Floating-point arithmetic, Frequency, Gain stage, Glare (vision), Graduated neutral-density filter, Hair cell, Hearing, High dynamic range, High-dynamic-range rendering, ... Expand index (57 more) »

2. Audio amplifier specifications
3. Electronics concepts

Absolute threshold of hearing

The absolute threshold of hearing (ATH), also known as the absolute hearing threshold or auditory threshold, is the minimum sound level of a pure tone that an average human ear with normal hearing can hear with no other sound present.

See Dynamic range and Absolute threshold of hearing

Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop is a raster graphics editor developed and published by Adobe for Windows and macOS.

See Dynamic range and Adobe Photoshop

Ampex

Ampex Data Systems Corporation is an American electronics company founded in 1944 by Alexander M. Poniatoff as a spin-off of Dalmo-Victor.

See Dynamic range and Ampex

Amplitude

The amplitude of a periodic variable is a measure of its change in a single period (such as time or spatial period).

See Dynamic range and Amplitude

Audio engineer

An audio engineer (also known as a sound engineer or recording engineer) helps to produce a recording or a live performance, balancing and adjusting sound sources using equalization, dynamics processing and audio effects, mixing, reproduction, and reinforcement of sound.

See Dynamic range and Audio engineer

Audio Engineering Society

The Audio Engineering Society (AES) is a professional body for engineers, scientists, other individuals with an interest or involvement in the professional audio industry.

See Dynamic range and Audio Engineering Society

Audio signal processing

Audio signal processing is a subfield of signal processing that is concerned with the electronic manipulation of audio signals. Dynamic range and audio signal processing are signal processing.

See Dynamic range and Audio signal processing

Audio system measurements

Audio system measurements are a means of quantifying system performance. Dynamic range and Audio system measurements are audio amplifier specifications.

See Dynamic range and Audio system measurements

Auditory masking

In audio signal processing, auditory masking occurs when the perception of one sound is affected by the presence of another sound.

See Dynamic range and Auditory masking

Background noise

Background noise or ambient noise is any sound other than the sound being monitored (primary sound).

See Dynamic range and Background noise

Binary number

A binary number is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system or binary numeral system, a method for representing numbers that uses only two symbols for the natural numbers: typically "0" (zero) and "1" (one).

See Dynamic range and Binary number

Bit

The bit is the most basic unit of information in computing and digital communication.

See Dynamic range and Bit

Bit error rate

In digital transmission, the number of bit errors is the number of received bits of a data stream over a communication channel that have been altered due to noise, interference, distortion or bit synchronization errors.

See Dynamic range and Bit error rate

Cassette tape

The Compact Cassette, also commonly called a cassette tape, audio cassette, or simply tape or cassette, is an analog magnetic tape recording format for audio recording and playback.

See Dynamic range and Cassette tape

Clipping (audio)

Clipping is a form of waveform distortion that occurs when an amplifier is overdriven and attempts to deliver an output voltage or current beyond its maximum capability.

See Dynamic range and Clipping (audio)

CMOS

Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS, pronounced "sea-moss") is a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process that uses complementary and symmetrical pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs for logic functions.

See Dynamic range and CMOS

Color vision

Color vision, a feature of visual perception, is an ability to perceive differences between light composed of different frequencies independently of light intensity.

See Dynamic range and Color vision

Compact disc

The compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format that was codeveloped by Philips and Sony to store and play digital audio recordings.

See Dynamic range and Compact disc

Companding

In telecommunication and signal processing, companding (occasionally called compansion) is a method of mitigating the detrimental effects of a channel with limited dynamic range.

See Dynamic range and Companding

Contrast ratio

The contrast ratio (CR) is a property of a display system, defined as the ratio of the luminance of the brightest shade (white) to that of the darkest shade (black) that the system is capable of producing. Dynamic range and contrast ratio are engineering ratios.

See Dynamic range and Contrast ratio

Crest factor

Crest factor is a parameter of a waveform, such as alternating current or sound, showing the ratio of peak values to the effective value.

See Dynamic range and Crest factor

Dbx (noise reduction)

dbx is a family of noise reduction systems developed by the company of the same name.

See Dynamic range and Dbx (noise reduction)

Decibel

The decibel (symbol: dB) is a relative unit of measurement equal to one tenth of a bel (B).

See Dynamic range and Decibel

Decimal

The decimal numeral system (also called the base-ten positional numeral system and denary or decanary) is the standard system for denoting integer and non-integer numbers.

See Dynamic range and Decimal

Digital audio workstation

A digital audio workstation (DAW) is an electronic device or application software used for recording, editing and producing audio files.

See Dynamic range and Digital audio workstation

Digital camera

A digital camera, also called a digicam, is a camera that captures photographs in digital memory.

See Dynamic range and Digital camera

Digital data

Digital data, in information theory and information systems, is information represented as a string of discrete symbols, each of which can take on one of only a finite number of values from some alphabet, such as letters or digits.

See Dynamic range and Digital data

Digital holography

Digital holography is the acquisition and processing of holograms with a digital sensor array, typically a CCD camera or a similar device.

See Dynamic range and Digital holography

Digital photography

Digital photography uses cameras containing arrays of electronic photodetectors interfaced to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to produce images focused by a lens, as opposed to an exposure on photographic film.

See Dynamic range and Digital photography

Distortion

In signal processing, distortion is the alteration of the original shape (or other characteristic) of a signal. Dynamic range and distortion are audio amplifier specifications.

See Dynamic range and Distortion

Dither

Dither is an intentionally applied form of noise used to randomize quantization error, preventing large-scale patterns such as color banding in images.

See Dynamic range and Dither

Dodging and burning

Dodging and burning are terms used in photography for a technique used during the printing process to manipulate the exposure of select areas on a photographic print, deviating from the rest of the image's exposure.

See Dynamic range and Dodging and burning

Dolby noise-reduction system

A Dolby noise-reduction system, or Dolby NR, is one of a series of noise reduction systems developed by Dolby Laboratories for use in analog audio tape recording.

See Dynamic range and Dolby noise-reduction system

DxO Labs

DxO Labs (formerly DO Labs) is a privately owned photography software company.

See Dynamic range and DxO Labs

DxOMark

DXOMARK is a commercial website described as "an independent benchmark that scientifically assesses smartphones, lenses and cameras".

See Dynamic range and DxOMark

Dynamic range compression

Dynamic range compression (DRC) or simply compression is an audio signal processing operation that reduces the volume of loud sounds or amplifies quiet sounds, thus reducing or compressing an audio signal's dynamic range.

See Dynamic range and Dynamic range compression

Electric current

An electric current is a flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space.

See Dynamic range and Electric current

Electronics

Electronics is a scientific and engineering discipline that studies and applies the principles of physics to design, create, and operate devices that manipulate electrons and other electrically charged particles.

See Dynamic range and Electronics

Equal-loudness contour

An equal-loudness contour is a measure of sound pressure level, over the frequency spectrum, for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones.

See Dynamic range and Equal-loudness contour

European Broadcasting Union

The European Broadcasting Union (EBU; Union européenne de radio-télévision, UER) is an alliance of public service media organisations whose countries are within the European Broadcasting Area or who are members of the Council of Europe.

See Dynamic range and European Broadcasting Union

Exposure range

In photography, exposure range may refer to any of several types of dynamic range.

See Dynamic range and Exposure range

Floating-point arithmetic

In computing, floating-point arithmetic (FP) is arithmetic that represents subsets of real numbers using an integer with a fixed precision, called the significand, scaled by an integer exponent of a fixed base.

See Dynamic range and Floating-point arithmetic

Frequency

Frequency (symbol f), most often measured in hertz (symbol: Hz), is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time.

See Dynamic range and Frequency

Gain stage

In audio engineering, a gain stage is a point during an audio signal flow that the engineer can make adjustments to the level,Thompson, Dan (2005).

See Dynamic range and Gain stage

Glare (vision)

Glare is difficulty of seeing in the presence of bright light such as direct or reflected sunlight or artificial light such as car headlamps at night.

See Dynamic range and Glare (vision)

Graduated neutral-density filter

A graduated neutral-density filter, also known as a graduated ND filter, split neutral-density filter, or just a graduated filter, is an optical filter that has a variable light transmission.

See Dynamic range and Graduated neutral-density filter

Hair cell

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of both the auditory system and the vestibular system in the ears of all vertebrates, and in the lateral line organ of fishes.

See Dynamic range and Hair cell

Hearing

Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sounds through an organ, such as an ear, by detecting vibrations as periodic changes in the pressure of a surrounding medium.

See Dynamic range and Hearing

High dynamic range

High dynamic range (HDR), also known as wide dynamic range, extended dynamic range, or expanded dynamic range, is a signal with a higher dynamic range than usual.

See Dynamic range and High dynamic range

High-dynamic-range rendering

High-dynamic-range rendering (HDRR or HDR rendering), also known as high-dynamic-range lighting, is the rendering of computer graphics scenes by using lighting calculations done in high dynamic range (HDR).

See Dynamic range and High-dynamic-range rendering

High-dynamic-range television

High-dynamic-range television (HDR-TV) is a technology that uses high dynamic range (HDR) to improve the quality of display signals.

See Dynamic range and High-dynamic-range television

Highlight headroom

Highlight headroom is the measure of how much additional dynamic range a given photographic medium (such as film or digital image sensors) has to record the detail within the brightest parts of a scene.

See Dynamic range and Highlight headroom

Image file format

An image file format is a file format for a digital image.

See Dynamic range and Image file format

Image noise

Image noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise.

See Dynamic range and Image noise

Image sensor

An image sensor or imager is a sensor that detects and conveys information used to form an image.

See Dynamic range and Image sensor

Interferometry

Interferometry is a technique which uses the interference of superimposed waves to extract information.

See Dynamic range and Interferometry

Light

Light, visible light, or visible radiation is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye.

See Dynamic range and Light

Liquid-crystal display

A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers.

See Dynamic range and Liquid-crystal display

Logarithm

In mathematics, the logarithm is the inverse function to exponentiation.

See Dynamic range and Logarithm

Logarithmic scale

A logarithmic scale (or log scale) is a method used to display numerical data that spans a broad range of values, especially when there are significant differences between the magnitudes of the numbers involved.

See Dynamic range and Logarithmic scale

Loudness war

The loudness war (or loudness race) is a trend of increasing audio levels in recorded music, which reduces audio fidelity and—according to many critics—listener enjoyment.

See Dynamic range and Loudness war

Loudspeaker

A loudspeaker (commonly referred to as a speaker or speaker driver) is an electroacoustic transducer that converts an electrical audio signal into a corresponding sound.

See Dynamic range and Loudspeaker

Luminance

Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction.

See Dynamic range and Luminance

Metrology

Metrology is the scientific study of measurement.

See Dynamic range and Metrology

Microphone

A microphone, colloquially called a mic, or mike, is a transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal.

See Dynamic range and Microphone

Music

Music is the arrangement of sound to create some combination of form, harmony, melody, rhythm, or otherwise expressive content.

See Dynamic range and Music

Musical instrument

A musical instrument is a device created or adapted to make musical sounds.

See Dynamic range and Musical instrument

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the United States federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness.

See Dynamic range and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Nikon D7000

The Nikon D7000 is a 16.2-megapixel digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) model announced by Nikon on September 15, 2010.

See Dynamic range and Nikon D7000

Nikon D850

The Nikon D850 is a professional-grade full-frame digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) produced by Nikon.

See Dynamic range and Nikon D850

Noise

Noise is sound, chiefly unwanted, unintentional, or harmful sound considered unpleasant, loud, or disruptive to mental or hearing faculties.

See Dynamic range and Noise

Noise (electronics)

In electronics, noise is an unwanted disturbance in an electrical signal. Dynamic range and noise (electronics) are signal processing.

See Dynamic range and Noise (electronics)

Noise floor

In signal theory, the noise floor is the measure of the signal created from the sum of all the noise sources and unwanted signals within a measurement system, where noise is defined as any signal other than the one being monitored.

See Dynamic range and Noise floor

Noise shaping

Noise shaping is a technique typically used in digital audio, image, and video processing, usually in combination with dithering, as part of the process of quantization or bit-depth reduction of a signal.

See Dynamic range and Noise shaping

OLED

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED), also known as organic electroluminescent (organic EL) diode, is a type of light-emitting diode (LED) in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is an organic compound film that emits light in response to an electric current.

See Dynamic range and OLED

Opacity

Opacity is the measure of impenetrability to electromagnetic or other kinds of radiation, especially visible light.

See Dynamic range and Opacity

Parameter

A parameter, generally, is any characteristic that can help in defining or classifying a particular system (meaning an event, project, object, situation, etc.). That is, a parameter is an element of a system that is useful, or critical, when identifying the system, or when evaluating its performance, status, condition, etc.

See Dynamic range and Parameter

Part (music)

A part in music refers to a component of a musical composition.

See Dynamic range and Part (music)

Photographic film

Photographic film is a strip or sheet of transparent film base coated on one side with a gelatin emulsion containing microscopically small light-sensitive silver halide crystals.

See Dynamic range and Photographic film

Photography

Photography is the art, application, and practice of creating images by recording light, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.

See Dynamic range and Photography

Power (physics)

Power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time.

See Dynamic range and Power (physics)

Professional video camera

A professional video camera (often called a television camera even though its use has spread beyond television) is a high-end device for creating electronic moving images (as opposed to a movie camera, that earlier recorded the images on film).

See Dynamic range and Professional video camera

Push processing

Push processing in photography, sometimes called uprating, refers to a film developing technique that increases the effective sensitivity of the film being processed.

See Dynamic range and Push processing

Quantization (signal processing)

Quantization, in mathematics and digital signal processing, is the process of mapping input values from a large set (often a continuous set) to output values in a (countable) smaller set, often with a finite number of elements. Dynamic range and Quantization (signal processing) are signal processing.

See Dynamic range and Quantization (signal processing)

Quantum dot display

A quantum dot display is a display device that uses quantum dots (QD), semiconductor nanocrystals which can produce pure monochromatic red, green, and blue light.

See Dynamic range and Quantum dot display

Range fractionation

Range fractionation is a term used in biology to describe the way by which a group of sensory neurons are able to encode varying magnitudes of a stimulus.

See Dynamic range and Range fractionation

Ratio

In mathematics, a ratio shows how many times one number contains another.

See Dynamic range and Ratio

Red Digital Cinema

Red Digital Cinema, LLC is an American camera manufacturer specializing in digital cinematography headquartered in Foothill Ranch, California, United States.

See Dynamic range and Red Digital Cinema

Reflectance

The reflectance of the surface of a material is its effectiveness in reflecting radiant energy.

See Dynamic range and Reflectance

Sensitivity (electronics)

The sensitivity of an electronic device, such as a communications system receiver, or detection device, such as a PIN diode, is the minimum magnitude of input signal required to produce a specified output signal having a specified signal-to-noise ratio, or other specified criteria.

See Dynamic range and Sensitivity (electronics)

Signal

Signal refers to both the process and the result of transmission of data over some media accomplished by embedding some variation. Dynamic range and Signal are signal processing.

See Dynamic range and Signal

Signal-to-noise ratio

Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or S/N) is a measure used in science and engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise. Dynamic range and signal-to-noise ratio are audio amplifier specifications and engineering ratios.

See Dynamic range and Signal-to-noise ratio

Sine wave

A sine wave, sinusoidal wave, or sinusoid (symbol: ∿) is a periodic wave whose waveform (shape) is the trigonometric sine function.

See Dynamic range and Sine wave

Sound

In physics, sound is a vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid.

See Dynamic range and Sound

Soundproofing

Soundproofing is any means of impeding sound propagation.

See Dynamic range and Soundproofing

Spurious-free dynamic range

Spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is the strength ratio of the fundamental signal to the strongest spurious signal in the output.

See Dynamic range and Spurious-free dynamic range

Stapedius muscle

The stapedius is the smallest skeletal muscle in the human body.

See Dynamic range and Stapedius muscle

Starlight

Starlight is the light emitted by stars.

See Dynamic range and Starlight

Sunlight

Sunlight is a portion of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, in particular infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light.

See Dynamic range and Sunlight

Tensor tympani muscle

The tensor tympani is a muscle within the middle ear, located in the bony canal above the bony part of the auditory tube, and connects to the malleus bone.

See Dynamic range and Tensor tympani muscle

Threshold of pain

The threshold of pain or pain threshold is the point along a curve of increasing perception of a stimulus at which pain begins to be felt.

See Dynamic range and Threshold of pain

Tone mapping

Tone mapping is a technique used in image processing and computer graphics to map one set of colors to another to approximate the appearance of high-dynamic-range (HDR) images in a medium that has a more limited dynamic range.

See Dynamic range and Tone mapping

Transmission system

In telecommunications, a transmission system is a system that transmits a signal from one place to another.

See Dynamic range and Transmission system

Triangle wave

A triangular wave or triangle wave is a non-sinusoidal waveform named for its triangular shape.

See Dynamic range and Triangle wave

Visual perception

Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment through photopic vision (daytime vision), color vision, scotopic vision (night vision), and mesopic vision (twilight vision), using light in the visible spectrum reflected by objects in the environment.

See Dynamic range and Visual perception

Voltage

Voltage, also known as (electrical) potential difference, electric pressure, or electric tension is the difference in electric potential between two points.

See Dynamic range and Voltage

XDR (audio)

XDR (expanded dynamic range), also known as SDR (super dynamic range) is a quality-control and duplication process for the mass-production of pre-recorded audio cassettes.

See Dynamic range and XDR (audio)

See also

Audio amplifier specifications

• Audio power
• Audio system measurements
• Crossover distortion
• Crosstalk
• Damping factor
• Distortion
• Dynamic range
• Frequency response
• Input impedance
• Intermodulation
• Nominal impedance
• Output impedance
• Phase distortion
• Power bandwidth
• Power gain
• Signal-to-noise ratio
• Total harmonic distortion

Electronics concepts

• Black's equation
• Bode plot
• Current mirror
• Debye length
• Dynamic range
• Electron hole
• Equivalent series resistance
• Field electron emission
• Gain (electronics)
• Hydraulic analogy
• Impedance matching
• Layer (electronics)
• Logical effort
• Negative resistance
• Particle in a one-dimensional lattice
• Power supply rejection ratio
• Power-line flicker
• Propagation delay
• Secondary emission
• Shot noise
• Slew rate
• Standing wave ratio

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_range

Also known as Density range, Dynamic range (photography), Dynamic resolution, Tonal range.

, High-dynamic-range television, Highlight headroom, Image file format, Image noise, Image sensor, Interferometry, Light, Liquid-crystal display, Logarithm, Logarithmic scale, Loudness war, Loudspeaker, Luminance, Metrology, Microphone, Music, Musical instrument, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nikon D7000, Nikon D850, Noise, Noise (electronics), Noise floor, Noise shaping, OLED, Opacity, Parameter, Part (music), Photographic film, Photography, Power (physics), Professional video camera, Push processing, Quantization (signal processing), Quantum dot display, Range fractionation, Ratio, Red Digital Cinema, Reflectance, Sensitivity (electronics), Signal, Signal-to-noise ratio, Sine wave, Sound, Soundproofing, Spurious-free dynamic range, Stapedius muscle, Starlight, Sunlight, Tensor tympani muscle, Threshold of pain, Tone mapping, Transmission system, Triangle wave, Visual perception, Voltage, XDR (audio).