Echinoderm, the Glossary
An echinoderm is any deuterostomal animal of the phylum Echinodermata, which includes starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers, as well as the sessile sea lilies or "stone lilies".[1]
Table of Contents
227 relations: Abyssal zone, Actinopyga echinites, Adductor muscles (bivalve), Adult, Algae, Ambulacral, Ambulacraria, Ammonia, Animal, Anti-predator adaptation, Antimicrobial peptides, Anus, Apodida, Arbacia punctulata, Arctic fox, Arkarua, Asexual reproduction, Asterozoa, Autotomy, Basket star, Benthic zone, Bilateria, Biodiversity, Bipinnaria, Bivalvia, Blastema, Blastoid, Blastozoa, Blastulation, Body cavity, Brachiolaria, Brain, Brisingida, Brittle star, Budding, Calcareous, Calcite, Calcium carbonate, Cambrian, Cambrian Stage 3, Carbon cycle, Carnivore, Catch connective tissue, Centrostephanus longispinus, China, Chordate, Cilium, Cincta, Circulatory system, Cloaca, ... Expand index (177 more) »
- Echinoderms
- Marine animals
Abyssal zone
The abyssal zone or abyssopelagic zone is a layer of the pelagic zone of the ocean.
See Echinoderm and Abyssal zone
Actinopyga echinites
Actinopyga echinites, commonly known as the brownfish or deep water redfish, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuriidae.
See Echinoderm and Actinopyga echinites
Adductor muscles (bivalve)
The adductor muscles are the main muscular system in bivalve mollusks (e.g. in clams, scallops, mussels, oysters, etc.). In many parts of the world, when people eat scallops, the adductor muscles are the only part of the animal which is eaten.
See Echinoderm and Adductor muscles (bivalve)
Adult
An adult is a human or other animal that has reached full growth.
Algae
Algae (alga) are any of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms.
Ambulacral
Ambulacral is a term typically used in the context of anatomical parts of the phylum Echinodermata or class Asteroidea and Edrioasteroidea.
Ambulacraria
Ambulacraria, or Coelomopora, is a clade of invertebrate phyla that includes echinoderms and hemichordates; a member of this group is called an ambulacrarian.
See Echinoderm and Ambulacraria
Ammonia
Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula.
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia.
Anti-predator adaptation
Anti-predator adaptations are mechanisms developed through evolution that assist prey organisms in their constant struggle against predators.
See Echinoderm and Anti-predator adaptation
Antimicrobial peptides
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defence peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life.
See Echinoderm and Antimicrobial peptides
Anus
In mammals, invertebrates and most fish, the anus (anuses or ani; from Latin, 'ring' or 'circle') is the external body orifice at the exit end of the digestive tract (bowel), i.e. the opposite end from the mouth.
Apodida
Apodida is an order of littoral to deep-sea, largely infaunal holothurians, sea cucumbers.
Arbacia punctulata
The Atlantic purple sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) is a species of sea urchins from the family Arbaciidae, native to the Atlantic Ocean.
See Echinoderm and Arbacia punctulata
Arctic fox
The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), also known as the white fox, polar fox, or snow fox, is a small species of fox native to the Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and common throughout the Arctic tundra biome.
Arkarua
Arkarua adami is a small, Precambrian disk-like fossil with a raised center, a number of radial ridges on the rim, and a five-pointed central depression marked with radial lines of five small dots from the middle of the disk center.
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.
See Echinoderm and Asexual reproduction
Asterozoa
The Asterozoa are a subphylum in the phylum Echinodermata. Echinoderm and Asterozoa are echinoderms.
Autotomy
Autotomy (from the Greek auto-, "self-" and tome, "severing", αὐτοτομία) or 'self-amputation', is the behaviour whereby an animal sheds or discards an appendage, usually as a self-defense mechanism to elude a predator's grasp or to distract the predator and thereby allow escape.
Basket star
The Euryalina are a suborder of brittle stars, which includes large species with either branching arms (called "basket stars") or long and curling arms (called "snake stars").
See Echinoderm and Basket star
Benthic zone
The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean, lake, or stream, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers.
See Echinoderm and Benthic zone
Bilateria
Bilateria is a large clade or infrakingdom of animals called bilaterians, characterized by bilateral symmetry (i.e. having a left and a right side that are mirror images of each other) during embryonic development.
Biodiversity
Biodiversity (or biological diversity) is the variety and variability of life on Earth.
See Echinoderm and Biodiversity
Bipinnaria
A bipinnaria is the first stage in the larval development of most starfish, and is usually followed by a brachiolaria stage.
Bivalvia
Bivalvia, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. Echinoderm and Bivalvia are extant Cambrian first appearances.
Blastema
A blastema (Greek βλάστημα, "offspring") is a mass of cells capable of growth and regeneration into organs or body parts.
Blastoid
Blastoids (class Blastoidea) are an extinct type of stemmed echinoderm, often referred to as sea buds.
Blastozoa
Blastozoa is a subphylum of extinct Echinoderms characterized by the presence of specialized respiratory structures and brachiole plates used for feeding.
Blastulation
Blastulation is the stage in early animal embryonic development that produces the blastula.
See Echinoderm and Blastulation
Body cavity
A body cavity is any space or compartment, or potential space, in an animal body.
See Echinoderm and Body cavity
Brachiolaria
A brachiolaria is the second stage of larval development in many starfishes.
See Echinoderm and Brachiolaria
Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.
Brisingida
The Brisingids are deep-sea-dwelling starfish in the order Brisingida.
Brittle star
Brittle stars, serpent stars, or ophiuroids (referring to the serpent-like arms of the brittle star) are echinoderms in the class Ophiuroidea, closely related to starfish.
See Echinoderm and Brittle star
Budding
Budding or blastogenesis is a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site.
Calcareous
Calcareous is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky.
Calcite
Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.
See Echinoderm and Calcium carbonate
Cambrian
The Cambrian is the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, and the Phanerozoic Eon.
Cambrian Stage 3
Cambrian Stage 3 is the still unnamed third stage of the Cambrian.
See Echinoderm and Cambrian Stage 3
Carbon cycle
The carbon cycle is that part of the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of Earth.
See Echinoderm and Carbon cycle
Carnivore
A carnivore, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or "flesh" and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose food and energy requirements are met by the consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) whether through hunting or scavenging.
Catch connective tissue
Catch connective tissue (also called mutable collagenous tissue) is a kind of connective tissue found in echinoderms (such as starfish and sea cucumbers) which can change its mechanical properties in a few seconds or minutes through nervous control rather than by muscular means.
See Echinoderm and Catch connective tissue
Centrostephanus longispinus
Centrostephanus longispinus, the hatpin urchin, is a species of sea urchin in the family Diadematidae.
See Echinoderm and Centrostephanus longispinus
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.
Chordate
A chordate is a deuterostomic animal belonging to the phylum Chordata. All chordates possess, at some point during their larval or adult stages, five distinctive physical characteristics (synapomorphies) that distinguish them from other taxa. Echinoderm and chordate are extant Cambrian first appearances.
Cilium
The cilium (cilia;; in anatomy, cilium is an eyelash) is a membrane-bound organelle found on most types of eukaryotic cell.
Cincta
Cincta is an extinct class of echinoderms that lived only in the Middle Cambrian epoch.
Circulatory system
The circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate.
See Echinoderm and Circulatory system
Cloaca
A cloaca,: cloacae, is the rear orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals.
Coelom
The coelom (or celom) is the main body cavity in many animals and is positioned inside the body to surround and contain the digestive tract and other organs.
Coelomocyte
A coelomocyte is a phagocytic leukocyte that appears in the bodies of animals that have a coelom.
See Echinoderm and Coelomocyte
Collagen
Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of a body's various connective tissues.
Comaster schlegelii
Comaster schlegelii, the variable bushy feather star, is a crinoid in the family Comatulidae.
See Echinoderm and Comaster schlegelii
Common starfish
The common starfish, common sea star or sugar starfish (Asterias rubens) is the most common and familiar starfish in the north-east Atlantic.
See Echinoderm and Common starfish
Complement system
The complement system, also known as complement cascade, is a part of the humoral, innate immune system and enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen's cell membrane.
See Echinoderm and Complement system
Continental shelf
A continental shelf is a portion of a continent that is submerged under an area of relatively shallow water, known as a shelf sea.
See Echinoderm and Continental shelf
Coral reef
A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals.
Crab
Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting tail-like abdomen, usually hidden entirely under the thorax (brachyura means "short tail" in Greek).
Crinoid
Crinoids are marine invertebrates that make up the class Crinoidea.
Crinozoa
Crinozoa is a subphylum of mostly sessile echinoderms, of which the crinoids, or sea lilies and feather stars, are the only extant members. Echinoderm and Crinozoa are echinoderms and extant Cambrian first appearances.
Crown-of-thorns starfish
The crown-of-thorns starfish (frequently abbreviated to COTS), Acanthaster planci, is a large starfish that preys upon hard, or stony, coral polyps (Scleractinia).
See Echinoderm and Crown-of-thorns starfish
Ctenocystoidea
Ctenocystoidea is an extinct clade of echinoderms, which lived during the Cambrian and Ordovician periods.
See Echinoderm and Ctenocystoidea
Ctenoimbricata
Ctenoimbricata is an extinct genus of bilaterally symmetrical echinoderm, which lived during the early Middle Cambrian period of what is now Spain.
See Echinoderm and Ctenoimbricata
Cuvierian tubules
Cuvierian tubules are clusters of fine tubes located at the base of the respiratory tree in some sea cucumbers in the genera Bohadschia, Holothuria and Pearsonothuria, all of which are included in the family Holothuriidae.
See Echinoderm and Cuvierian tubules
Cystoidea
Cystoidea is a class of extinct crinozoan echinoderms, termed cystoids, that lived attached to the sea floor by stalks.
Cytotoxicity
Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells.
See Echinoderm and Cytotoxicity
Deep sea
The deep sea is broadly defined as the ocean depth where light begins to fade, at an approximate depth of or the point of transition from continental shelves to continental slopes.
Dermis
The dermis or corium is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of dense irregular connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain.
Detritivore
Detritivores (also known as detrivores, detritophages, detritus feeders or detritus eaters) are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus (decomposing plant and animal parts as well as feces).
See Echinoderm and Detritivore
Deuterostome
Deuterostomes (from Greek) are bilaterian animals of the superphylum Deuterostomia, typically characterized by their anus forming before the mouth during embryonic development.
See Echinoderm and Deuterostome
Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop.
See Echinoderm and Developmental biology
Devonian
The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era during the Phanerozoic eon, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the preceding Silurian period at million years ago (Ma), to the beginning of the succeeding Carboniferous period at Ma.
Diadema antillarum
Diadema antillarum, also known as the lime urchin, black sea urchin, or the long-spined sea urchin, is a species of sea urchin in the family Diadematidae.
See Echinoderm and Diadema antillarum
Dibrachicystis
Dibrachicystis is an extinct genus of rhombiferan echinoderm from the early Middle Cambrian (Miaolingian, Wuliuan, about 510 Ma).
See Echinoderm and Dibrachicystis
Ecdysozoa
Ecdysozoa is a group of protostome animals, including Arthropoda (insects, chelicerata (including arachnids), crustaceans, and myriapods), Nematoda, and several smaller phyla. Echinoderm and Ecdysozoa are extant Cambrian first appearances.
Echinobase
Echinobase is a Model Organism Database (MOD).
Echinosphaerites
Echinosphaerites is a genus of rhombiferan cystoid echinoderms that lived in the Early to Middle Ordovician of North America and Europe (Bockelie, 1981).
See Echinoderm and Echinosphaerites
Echinozoa
Echinozoa is a subphylum of free-living echinoderms in which the body is or originally was a modified globe with meridional symmetry. Echinoderm and Echinozoa are echinoderms.
Echinus (sea urchin)
Echinus is a genus of sea urchins.
See Echinoderm and Echinus (sea urchin)
Ecosystem
An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system that environments and their organisms form through their interaction.
Edrioasteroidea
Edrioasteroidea is an extinct class of echinoderms.
See Echinoderm and Edrioasteroidea
Egg cell
The egg cell or ovum (ova) is the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms (organisms that reproduce sexually with a larger, female gamete and a smaller, male one).
Egg incubation
Egg incubation is the process by which an egg, of oviparous (egg-laying) animals, develops an embryo within the egg, after the egg's formation and ovipositional release.
See Echinoderm and Egg incubation
Eider
The eiders are large seaducks in the genus Somateria.
Eleutherozoa
Eleutherozoa is a proposed subphylum of echinoderms. Echinoderm and Eleutherozoa are extant Cambrian first appearances.
See Echinoderm and Eleutherozoa
Endoskeleton
An endoskeleton (From Greek ἔνδον, éndon.
See Echinoderm and Endoskeleton
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.
Eocrinoidea
The Eocrinoidea are an extinct class of echinoderms that lived between the Early Cambrian and Late Silurian periods.
See Echinoderm and Eocrinoidea
Epidermis (zoology)
In zoology, the epidermis is an epithelium (sheet of cells) that covers the body of a eumetazoan (animal more complex than a sponge).
See Echinoderm and Epidermis (zoology)
Epimorphosis
Epimorphosis is defined as the regeneration of a specific part of an organism in a way that involves extensive cell proliferation of somatic stem cells, dedifferentiation, and reformation, as well as blastema formation.
See Echinoderm and Epimorphosis
Evolutionary radiation
An evolutionary radiation is an increase in taxonomic diversity that is caused by elevated rates of speciation, that may or may not be associated with an increase in morphological disparity.
See Echinoderm and Evolutionary radiation
Filter feeder
Filter feeders are aquatic animals that acquire nutrients by feeding on organic matters, food particles or smaller organisms (bacteria, microalgae and zooplanktons) suspended in water, typically by having the water pass over or through a specialized filtering organ.
See Echinoderm and Filter feeder
Fish meal
Fish meal, sometimes spelt fishmeal, is a commercial product made from whole wild-caught fish, bycatch, and fish by-products to feed farm animals, e.g., pigs, poultry, and farmed fish.
Food loss and waste
Food loss and waste is food that is not eaten.
See Echinoderm and Food loss and waste
Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
Fragmentation (reproduction)
Fragmentation in multicellular or colonial organisms is a form of asexual reproduction or cloning, where an organism is split into fragments upon maturation and the spilted part becomes the new individual.
See Echinoderm and Fragmentation (reproduction)
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.
Fromia indica
Fromia indica, commonly called Indian sea star or red starfish, is a species of marine starfish belonging to the family Goniasteridae.
See Echinoderm and Fromia indica
Ganglion
A ganglion (ganglia) is a group of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.
Gastropoda
Gastropods, commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda. Echinoderm and Gastropoda are extant Cambrian first appearances.
Gastrulation
Gastrulation is the stage in the early embryonic development of most animals, during which the blastula (a single-layered hollow sphere of cells), or in mammals the blastocyst, is reorganized into a two-layered or three-layered embryo known as the gastrula.
See Echinoderm and Gastrulation
Genomics
Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of molecular biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes.
Gogia
Gogia is a genus of primitive eocrinoid blastozoan from the early to middle Cambrian.
Gonad
A gonad, sex gland, or reproductive gland is a mixed gland that produces the gametes and sex hormones of an organism.
Gonochorism
In biology, gonochorism is a sexual system where there are two sexes and each individual organism is either male or female.
See Echinoderm and Gonochorism
Gonopore
A gonopore, sometimes called a gonadopore, is a genital pore in many invertebrates.
Great Barrier Reef
The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system, composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over over an area of approximately.
See Echinoderm and Great Barrier Reef
Gull
Gulls, or colloquially seagulls, are seabirds of the family Laridae in the suborder Lari.
Heart
The heart is a muscular organ found in most animals.
Helicoplacoidea
Helicoplacoidea is an extinct class within the Echinodermata.
See Echinoderm and Helicoplacoidea
Hemichordate
Hemichordata is a phylum which consists of triploblastic, enterocoelomate, and bilaterally symmetrical marine deuterostome animals, generally considered the sister group of the echinoderms. Echinoderm and Hemichordate are extant Cambrian first appearances.
See Echinoderm and Hemichordate
Hermaphrodite
A hermaphrodite is a sexually reproducing organism that produces both male and female gametes.
See Echinoderm and Hermaphrodite
Holocene
The Holocene is the current geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago.
Holothuria edulis
Holothuria edulis, commonly known as the edible sea cucumber or the pink and black sea cucumber, is a species of echinoderm in the family Holothuriidae.
See Echinoderm and Holothuria edulis
Holothuria parvula
Holothuria parvula, the golden sea cucumber, is a species of echinoderm in the class Holothuroidea.
See Echinoderm and Holothuria parvula
Homalozoa
Homalozoa is an obsolete extinct subphylum of Paleozoic era echinoderms, prehistoric marine invertebrates.
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.
Innate immune system
The innate immune system or nonspecific immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies (the other being the adaptive immune system) in vertebrates.
See Echinoderm and Innate immune system
Intertidal zone
The intertidal zone or foreshore is the area above water level at low tide and underwater at high tide; in other words, it is the part of the littoral zone within the tidal range.
See Echinoderm and Intertidal zone
Jacob Theodor Klein
Jacob Theodor Klein (nickname Plinius Gedanensium; 15 August 1685 – 27 February 1759) was a German jurist, historian, botanist, zoologist, mathematician and diplomat in service of Polish King August II the Strong.
See Echinoderm and Jacob Theodor Klein
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland.
Joint
A joint or articulation (or articular surface) is the connection made between bones, ossicles, or other hard structures in the body which link an animal's skeletal system into a functional whole.
Kelp forest
Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of kelp, which covers a large part of the world's coastlines.
See Echinoderm and Kelp forest
Labidiaster annulatus
Labidiaster annulatus, the Antarctic sun starfish or wolftrap starfish is a species of starfish in the family Heliasteridae.
See Echinoderm and Labidiaster annulatus
Larva
A larva (larvae) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage.
Lectin
Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are highly specific for sugar groups that are part of other molecules, so cause agglutination of particular cells or precipitation of glycoconjugates and polysaccharides.
Leptasterias
Leptasterias is a genus of starfish in the family Asteriidae.
See Echinoderm and Leptasterias
Lethaia
Lethaia is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal of Earth science, covering research on palaeontology and stratigraphy.
Lime (material)
Lime is an inorganic material composed primarily of calcium oxides and hydroxides.
See Echinoderm and Lime (material)
Limestone
Limestone (calcium carbonate) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime.
Lytechinus pictus
Lytechinus pictus, commonly known as the painted urchin, is a sea urchin in the family Toxopneustidae.
See Echinoderm and Lytechinus pictus
Lytechinus variegatus
Lytechinus variegatus, commonly called the green sea urchin or the variegated sea urchin, is a species of sea urchin that can be found in the warm waters of the western Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea.
See Echinoderm and Lytechinus variegatus
Madreporite
The madreporite is a light colored calcareous opening used to filter water into the water vascular system of echinoderms.
See Echinoderm and Madreporite
Marine biology
Marine biology is the scientific study of the biology of marine life, organisms that inhabit the sea.
See Echinoderm and Marine biology
Marine larval ecology
Marine larval ecology is the study of the factors influencing dispersing larvae, which many marine invertebrates and fishes have.
See Echinoderm and Marine larval ecology
Marine life
Marine life, sea life, or ocean life is the plants, animals, and other organisms that live in the salt water of seas or oceans, or the brackish water of coastal estuaries.
See Echinoderm and Marine life
Mesoderm
The mesoderm is the middle layer of the three germ layers that develops during gastrulation in the very early development of the embryo of most animals.
Mesozoic marine revolution
The Mesozoic marine revolution (MMR) refers to the increase in shell-crushing (durophagous) and boring predation in benthic organisms throughout the Mesozoic era (251 Mya to 66 Mya), along with bulldozing and sediment remodelling in marine habitats.
See Echinoderm and Mesozoic marine revolution
Metabolic wastes or excrements are substances left over from metabolic processes (such as cellular respiration) which cannot be used by the organism (they are surplus or toxic), and must therefore be excreted.
See Echinoderm and Metabolic waste
A metachronal rhythm or metachronal wave refers to wavy movements produced by the sequential action (as opposed to synchronized) of structures such as cilia, segments of worms, or legs.
See Echinoderm and Metachronal rhythm
Model organism
A model organism (often shortened to model) is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the model organism will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.
See Echinoderm and Model organism
Mollusca
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals, after Arthropoda; members are known as molluscs or mollusks. Echinoderm and mollusca are extant Cambrian first appearances.
Morphallaxis
Morphallaxis is the regeneration of specific tissue in a variety of organisms due to loss or death of the existing tissue.
See Echinoderm and Morphallaxis
Motility
Motility is the ability of an organism to move independently, using metabolic energy.
Mucus
Mucus is a slippery aqueous secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes.
Natural History Museum, London
The Natural History Museum in London is a museum that exhibits a vast range of specimens from various segments of natural history.
See Echinoderm and Natural History Museum, London
Neontology
Neontology is a part of biology that, in contrast to paleontology, deals with living (or, more generally, recent) organisms.
Nephrozoa
Nephrozoa is a proposed major clade of bilaterian animals.
Nerve net
A nerve net consists of interconnected neurons lacking a brain or any form of cephalization.
Nervous system
In biology, the nervous system is the highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.
See Echinoderm and Nervous system
Neurodegenerative disease
A neurodegenerative disease is caused by the progressive loss of neurons, in the process known as neurodegeneration.
See Echinoderm and Neurodegenerative disease
Online Etymology Dictionary
The Online Etymology Dictionary or Etymonline, sometimes abbreviated as OED (not to be confused with the Oxford English Dictionary, which the site often cites), is a free online dictionary that describes the origins of English words, written and compiled by Douglas R. Harper.
See Echinoderm and Online Etymology Dictionary
Ophiactis savignyi
Ophiactis savignyi is a species of brittle star in the family Ophiactidae, commonly known as Savigny's brittle star or the little brittle star.
See Echinoderm and Ophiactis savignyi
Ophidiaster granifer
Ophidiaster granifer, the grained seastar, is a species of starfish in the family Ophidiasteridae.
See Echinoderm and Ophidiaster granifer
Ophiocistioidea
The Ophiocistioidea is a class of extinct echinoderms from the Palaeozoic and early Mesozoic.
See Echinoderm and Ophiocistioidea
Ophiocoma scolopendrina
Ophiocoma scolopendrina is a species of brittle star belonging to the family Ophiocomidae.
See Echinoderm and Ophiocoma scolopendrina
Ophionereis reticulata
Ophionereis reticulata, the reticulated brittle star, is a brittle star in the family Ophionereididae.
See Echinoderm and Ophionereis reticulata
Order (biology)
Order (ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy.
See Echinoderm and Order (biology)
Ordovician
The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era.
Organ (biology)
In a multicellular organism, an organ is a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function.
See Echinoderm and Organ (biology)
Osmoregulation
Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution which in this case is represented by body fluid) to keep the body fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.
See Echinoderm and Osmoregulation
Ossicle (echinoderm)
Ossicles are small calcareous elements embedded in the dermis of the body wall of echinoderms.
See Echinoderm and Ossicle (echinoderm)
Ossification
Ossification (also called osteogenesis or bone mineralization) in bone remodeling is the process of laying down new bone material by cells named osteoblasts.
See Echinoderm and Ossification
Osteichthyes
Osteichthyes, also known as osteichthyans or commonly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse superclass of vertebrate animals that have endoskeletons primarily composed of bone tissue.
See Echinoderm and Osteichthyes
Otto Jaekel
Otto Max Johannes Jaekel (21 February 1863 – 6 March 1929) was a German paleontologist and geologist.
See Echinoderm and Otto Jaekel
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns.
See Echinoderm and Overexploitation
Oviparity
Oviparous animals are animals that reproduce by depositing fertilized zygotes outside the body (known as laying or spawning) in metabolically independent incubation organs known as eggs, which nurture the embryo into moving offsprings known as hatchlings with little or no embryonic development within the mother.
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Echinoderm and Oxford University Press
Oxycomanthus bennetti
Anneissia bennetti, the Bennett's feather star, is a species of crinoid belonging to the family Comatulidae.
See Echinoderm and Oxycomanthus bennetti
Paleontology
Paleontology, also spelled palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of life that existed prior to the start of the Holocene epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present).
See Echinoderm and Paleontology
Paleozoic
The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era is the first of three geological eras of the Phanerozoic Eon.
Paracrinoidea
Paracrinoidea is an extinct class of blastozoan echinoderms.
See Echinoderm and Paracrinoidea
Paratomy
Paratomy is a form of asexual reproduction in animals where the organism splits in a plane perpendicular to the antero-posterior axis and the split is preceded by the "pregeneration" of the anterior structures in the posterior portion.
Parthenogenesis
Parthenogenesis (from the Greek παρθένος|translit.
See Echinoderm and Parthenogenesis
Patiria miniata
Patiria miniata, the bat star, sea bat, webbed star, or broad-disk star, is a species of sea star (also called a starfish) in the family Asterinidae.
See Echinoderm and Patiria miniata
Paxillosida
The Paxillosida are a large order of sea stars.
See Echinoderm and Paxillosida
Pedicellaria
A pedicellaria (pedicellariae) is a small wrench- or claw-shaped appendage with movable jaws, called valves, commonly found on echinoderms (phylum Echinodermata), particularly in sea stars (class Asteroidea) and sea urchins (class Echinoidea).
See Echinoderm and Pedicellaria
Pelagic zone
The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean and can be further divided into regions by depth.
See Echinoderm and Pelagic zone
Pelagothuria
Pelagothuria is a genus of sea cucumbers in the family Pelagothuriidae.
See Echinoderm and Pelagothuria
Pelmatozoa
Pelmatozoa was once a clade of Phylum Echinodermata.
Peristalsis
Peristalsis is a type of intestinal motility, characterized by radially symmetrical contraction and relaxation of muscles that propagate in a wave down a tube, in an anterograde direction.
See Echinoderm and Peristalsis
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome.
See Echinoderm and Phagocytosis
Phylum
In biology, a phylum (phyla) is a level of classification or taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class.
Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton are the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of ocean and freshwater ecosystems.
See Echinoderm and Phytoplankton
Plankton
Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms that drift in water (or air) but are unable to actively propel themselves against currents (or wind).
Precambrian
The Precambrian (or Pre-Cambrian, sometimes abbreviated pC, or Cryptozoic) is the earliest part of Earth's history, set before the current Phanerozoic Eon.
See Echinoderm and Precambrian
Protostome
Protostomia is the clade of animals once thought to be characterized by the formation of the organism's mouth before its anus during embryonic development.
Regeneration (biology)
Regeneration in biology is the process of renewal, restoration, and tissue growth that makes genomes, cells, organisms, and ecosystems resilient to natural fluctuations or events that cause disturbance or damage.
See Echinoderm and Regeneration (biology)
Sand dollar
Sand dollars (also known as sea cookies or snapper biscuits in New Zealand and Brazil, or pansy shells in South Africa) are species of flat, burrowing sea urchins belonging to the order Clypeasteroida.
See Echinoderm and Sand dollar
Sea cucumber
Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea. They are marine animals with a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad.
See Echinoderm and Sea cucumber
Sea otter
The sea otter (Enhydra lutris) is a marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern North Pacific Ocean.
Sea urchin
Sea urchins or urchins, alternatively known as sea hedgehogs, are typically spiny, globular animals, echinoderms in the class Echinoidea.
Sessility (motility)
Sessility is the biological property of an organism describing its lack of a means of self-locomotion.
See Echinoderm and Sessility (motility)
Shark
Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head.
Simple eye in invertebrates
A simple eye or ocellus (sometimes called a pigment pit) is a form of eye or an optical arrangement which has a single lens without the sort of elaborate retina that occurs in most vertebrates.
See Echinoderm and Simple eye in invertebrates
Soluta (echinoderm)
Soluta is an extinct class of echinoderms that lived from the Middle Cambrian to the Early Devonian.
See Echinoderm and Soluta (echinoderm)
Species
A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.
Sperm
Sperm (sperm or sperms) is the male reproductive cell, or gamete, in anisogamous forms of sexual reproduction (forms in which there is a larger, female reproductive cell and a smaller, male one).
Sphere
A sphere (from Greek) is a geometrical object that is a three-dimensional analogue to a two-dimensional circle.
Spiralia
The Spiralia are a morphologically diverse clade of protostome animals, including within their number the molluscs, annelids, platyhelminths and other taxa.
Springer Publishing
Springer Publishing Company is an American publishing company of academic journals and books, focusing on the fields of nursing, gerontology, psychology, social work, counseling, public health, and rehabilitation (neuropsychology).
See Echinoderm and Springer Publishing
Starfish
Starfish or sea stars are star-shaped echinoderms belonging to the class Asteroidea.
Statocyst
The statocyst is a balance sensory receptor present in some aquatic invertebrates, including bivalves, cnidarians, ctenophorans, echinoderms, cephalopods, crustaceans, and gastropods, A similar structure is also found in Xenoturbella.
Stereom
Stereom is a calcium carbonate material that makes up the internal skeletons found in all echinoderms, both living and fossilized forms.
Stichopus chloronotus
Stichopus chloronotus is a species of sea cucumber.
See Echinoderm and Stichopus chloronotus
Stomopneustes
Stomopneustes variolaris, the black sea urchin or long-spined sea urchin, is a species of sea urchin, the only one in its genus Stomopneustes and only species still alive in its family Stomopneustidae.
See Echinoderm and Stomopneustes
Strobilation
Strobilisation or transverse fission is a form of asexual reproduction consisting of the spontaneous transverse segmentation of the body.
See Echinoderm and Strobilation
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is a species of sea urchin in the family Strongylocentrotidae commonly known as the purple sea urchin. It lives along the eastern edge of the Pacific Ocean extending from Ensenada, Mexico, to British Columbia, Canada.
See Echinoderm and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Stylophora
The stylophorans are an extinct, possibly polyphyletic group allied to the Paleozoic Era echinoderms, comprising the prehistoric cornutes and mitrates.
Substrate (biology)
In biology, a substrate is the surface on which an organism (such as a plant, fungus, or animal) lives.
See Echinoderm and Substrate (biology)
Sunflower sea star
Pycnopodia helianthoides, commonly known as the sunflower sea star, is a large sea star found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
See Echinoderm and Sunflower sea star
Symmetry in biology
Symmetry in biology refers to the symmetry observed in organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria.
See Echinoderm and Symmetry in biology
Test (biology)
In biology, a test is the hard shell of some spherical marine animals and protists, notably sea urchins and microorganisms such as testate foraminiferans, radiolarians, and testate amoebae.
See Echinoderm and Test (biology)
The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
See Echinoderm and The New York Times
The Oxford Companion to Food
The Oxford Companion to Food is an encyclopedia about food.
See Echinoderm and The Oxford Companion to Food
Thelenota ananas
Thelenota ananas, also known as pineapple sea cucumber, oloturia ananas, tripang, prickly skin cucumber, pointed teat sea cucumber, armoured sea cucumber, giant sea cucumber, sand fish or prickly redfish, is a species of sea cucumber found in tropical Indo-Pacific waters from the Red Sea and East Africa to Hawaii and Polynesia.
See Echinoderm and Thelenota ananas
Traditional Chinese medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative medical practice drawn from traditional medicine in China.
See Echinoderm and Traditional Chinese medicine
Transdifferentiation
Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, is the process in which one mature somatic cell is transformed into another mature somatic cell without undergoing an intermediate pluripotent state or progenitor cell type.
See Echinoderm and Transdifferentiation
Tree of Life Web Project
The Tree of Life Web Project is an Internet project providing information about the diversity and phylogeny of life on Earth.
See Echinoderm and Tree of Life Web Project
Tube feet
Tube feet (technically podia) are small active tubular projections on the oral face of an echinoderm, such as the arms of a starfish, or the undersides of sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers; they are more discreet though present on brittle stars, and have only a feeding function in feather stars.
Urchin barren
An urchin barren is commonly defined as an urchin-dominated area with little or no kelp.
See Echinoderm and Urchin barren
Viviparity
In animals, viviparity is development of the embryo inside the body of the mother, with the maternal circulation providing for the metabolic needs of the embryo's development, until the mother gives birth to a fully or partially developed juvenile that is at least metabolically independent.
Water vascular system
The water vascular system is a hydraulic system used by echinoderms, such as sea stars and sea urchins, for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration.
See Echinoderm and Water vascular system
Wisconsin
Wisconsin is a state in the Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest of the United States.
Xenacoelomorpha
Xenacoelomorpha is a small phylum of bilaterian invertebrate animals, consisting of two sister groups: xenoturbellids and acoelomorphs.
See Echinoderm and Xenacoelomorpha
Zooplankton
Zooplankton are the animal (or heterotrophic) component of the planktonic community (the "zoo-" prefix comes from), having to consume other organisms to thrive.
See Echinoderm and Zooplankton
See also
Echinoderms
Marine animals
- Cnidaria
- Corallivore
- Echinoderm
- Echinoderms
- Errantia
- Future of Marine Animal Populations
- Gelatinous zooplankton
- Gnathostomulid
- Gnathostomulida
- History of Marine Animal Populations
- Kinorhyncha
- List of marine aquarium invertebrate species
- Marine invertebrates
- Marine microbial symbiosis
- Marine vertebrates
- Marine worm
- Mesozoa
- Neocrinus decorus
- Paracatenula
- Psammon
- Pycnogonids
- Sea worm
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoderm
Also known as Asexual reproduction in echinoderms, Chelonite, Defense mechanisms of echinoderms, Echinderm, Echindonermata, Echinite, Echinodermata, Echinodermata., Echinoderms, Echinoderms as food, Echinodrem, Equinodermata taxonomy, Lemoneites, Phylum echinodermata, Pluteus larva, Primitive echinoderms, Sexual reproduction in echinoderms, Taxonomy of Ctenocidarinae, Taxonomy of Ctenocystoidea, Taxonomy of Homoiostelea, Taxonomy of Homostelea, Taxonomy of Stereocidarinae.
, Coelom, Coelomocyte, Collagen, Comaster schlegelii, Common starfish, Complement system, Continental shelf, Coral reef, Crab, Crinoid, Crinozoa, Crown-of-thorns starfish, Ctenocystoidea, Ctenoimbricata, Cuvierian tubules, Cystoidea, Cytotoxicity, Deep sea, Dermis, Detritivore, Deuterostome, Developmental biology, Devonian, Diadema antillarum, Dibrachicystis, Ecdysozoa, Echinobase, Echinosphaerites, Echinozoa, Echinus (sea urchin), Ecosystem, Edrioasteroidea, Egg cell, Egg incubation, Eider, Eleutherozoa, Endoskeleton, Enzyme, Eocrinoidea, Epidermis (zoology), Epimorphosis, Evolutionary radiation, Filter feeder, Fish meal, Food loss and waste, Fossil, Fragmentation (reproduction), France, Fromia indica, Ganglion, Gastropoda, Gastrulation, Genomics, Gogia, Gonad, Gonochorism, Gonopore, Great Barrier Reef, Gull, Heart, Helicoplacoidea, Hemichordate, Hermaphrodite, Holocene, Holothuria edulis, Holothuria parvula, Homalozoa, Indonesia, Innate immune system, Intertidal zone, Jacob Theodor Klein, Japan, Joint, Kelp forest, Labidiaster annulatus, Larva, Lectin, Leptasterias, Lethaia, Lime (material), Limestone, Lytechinus pictus, Lytechinus variegatus, Madreporite, Marine biology, Marine larval ecology, Marine life, Mesoderm, Mesozoic marine revolution, Metabolic waste, Metachronal rhythm, Model organism, Mollusca, Morphallaxis, Motility, Mucus, Natural History Museum, London, Neontology, Nephrozoa, Nerve net, Nervous system, Neurodegenerative disease, Online Etymology Dictionary, Ophiactis savignyi, Ophidiaster granifer, Ophiocistioidea, Ophiocoma scolopendrina, Ophionereis reticulata, Order (biology), Ordovician, Organ (biology), Osmoregulation, Ossicle (echinoderm), Ossification, Osteichthyes, Otto Jaekel, Overexploitation, Oviparity, Oxford University Press, Oxycomanthus bennetti, Paleontology, Paleozoic, Paracrinoidea, Paratomy, Parthenogenesis, Patiria miniata, Paxillosida, Pedicellaria, Pelagic zone, Pelagothuria, Pelmatozoa, Peristalsis, Phagocytosis, Phylum, Phytoplankton, Plankton, Precambrian, Protostome, Regeneration (biology), Sand dollar, Sea cucumber, Sea otter, Sea urchin, Sessility (motility), Shark, Simple eye in invertebrates, Soluta (echinoderm), Species, Sperm, Sphere, Spiralia, Springer Publishing, Starfish, Statocyst, Stereom, Stichopus chloronotus, Stomopneustes, Strobilation, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Stylophora, Substrate (biology), Sunflower sea star, Symmetry in biology, Test (biology), The New York Times, The Oxford Companion to Food, Thelenota ananas, Traditional Chinese medicine, Transdifferentiation, Tree of Life Web Project, Tube feet, Urchin barren, Viviparity, Water vascular system, Wisconsin, Xenacoelomorpha, Zooplankton.