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Effect size, the Glossary

In statistics, an effect size is a value measuring the strength of the relationship between two variables in a population, or a sample-based estimate of that quantity.^[1]

74 relations: Abelson's paradox, Absolute value, Academic Press, Analysis of variance, Average treatment effect, Bias of an estimator, Binary data, Case–control study, Chi-squared test, Coefficient of determination, Cohort study, Correlation, Cramér's V, Data, Effect size, Estimation statistics, Estimation theory, Estimator, Expected value, Explained variation, F-test, Gamma function, Gene V. Glass, Harald Cramér, Ingram Olkin, Iverson bracket, Jacob Cohen (statistician), Journal of Applied Psychology, Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, Karl Pearson, Larry V. Hedges, List of things named after Carl Friedrich Gauss, MAGIC criteria, Mahalanobis distance, Mann–Whitney U test, Maximum likelihood estimation, Mean, Medical research, Meta-analysis, Multivariate analysis of variance, Noncentral distribution, Noncentral F-distribution, Noncentral t-distribution, Norman Cliff, Odds ratio, P-value, Parameter, Partial least squares path modeling, Pearson correlation coefficient, Perceptual and Motor Skills, ... Expand index (24 more) »
Meta-analysis

Abelson's paradox

Abelson's paradox is an applied statistics paradox identified by Robert P. Abelson.

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Absolute value

In mathematics, the absolute value or modulus of a real number x, is the non-negative value without regard to its sign.

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Academic Press

Academic Press (AP) is an academic book publisher founded in 1941.

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Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a collection of statistical models and their associated estimation procedures (such as the "variation" among and between groups) used to analyze the differences among means.

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Average treatment effect

The average treatment effect (ATE) is a measure used to compare treatments (or interventions) in randomized experiments, evaluation of policy interventions, and medical trials. Effect size and average treatment effect are medical statistics.

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Bias of an estimator

In statistics, the bias of an estimator (or bias function) is the difference between this estimator's expected value and the true value of the parameter being estimated.

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Binary data

Binary data is data whose unit can take on only two possible states.

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Case–control study

A case–control study (also known as case–referent study) is a type of observational study in which two existing groups differing in outcome are identified and compared on the basis of some supposed causal attribute.

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Chi-squared test

A chi-squared test (also chi-square or test) is a statistical hypothesis test used in the analysis of contingency tables when the sample sizes are large.

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Coefficient of determination

In statistics, the coefficient of determination, denoted R2 or r2 and pronounced "R squared", is the proportion of the variation in the dependent variable that is predictable from the independent variable(s).

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Cohort study

A cohort study is a particular form of longitudinal study that samples a cohort (a group of people who share a defining characteristic, typically those who experienced a common event in a selected period, such as birth or graduation), performing a cross-section at intervals through time.

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Correlation

In statistics, correlation or dependence is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data.

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Cramér's V

In statistics, Cramér's V (sometimes referred to as Cramér's phi and denoted as φc) is a measure of association between two nominal variables, giving a value between 0 and +1 (inclusive).

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Data

In common usage, data is a collection of discrete or continuous values that convey information, describing the quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpreted formally.

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Effect size

In statistics, an effect size is a value measuring the strength of the relationship between two variables in a population, or a sample-based estimate of that quantity. Effect size and effect size are Clinical research, Clinical trials, mathematical and quantitative methods (economics), medical statistics, meta-analysis, Psychometrics and statistical hypothesis testing.

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Estimation statistics

Estimation statistics, or simply estimation, is a data analysis framework that uses a combination of effect sizes, confidence intervals, precision planning, and meta-analysis to plan experiments, analyze data and interpret results.

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Estimation theory

Estimation theory is a branch of statistics that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured empirical data that has a random component. Effect size and Estimation theory are mathematical and quantitative methods (economics).

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Estimator

In statistics, an estimator is a rule for calculating an estimate of a given quantity based on observed data: thus the rule (the estimator), the quantity of interest (the estimand) and its result (the estimate) are distinguished.

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Expected value

In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average.

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Explained variation

In statistics, explained variation measures the proportion to which a mathematical model accounts for the variation (dispersion) of a given data set.

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F-test

An F-test is any statistical test used to compare the variances of two samples or the ratio of variances between multiple samples.

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Gamma function

In mathematics, the gamma function (represented by, the capital letter gamma from the Greek alphabet) is one commonly used extension of the factorial function to complex numbers.

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Gene V. Glass

Gene V Glass (born June 19, 1940) is an American statistician and researcher working in educational psychology and the social sciences.

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Harald Cramér

Harald Cramér (25 September 1893 – 5 October 1985) was a Swedish mathematician, actuary, and statistician, specializing in mathematical statistics and probabilistic number theory.

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Ingram Olkin

Ingram Olkin (July 23, 1924 – April 28, 2016) was a professor emeritus and chair of statistics and education at Stanford University and the Stanford Graduate School of Education.

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Iverson bracket

In mathematics, the Iverson bracket, named after Kenneth E. Iverson, is a notation that generalises the Kronecker delta, which is the Iverson bracket of the statement.

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Jacob Cohen (statistician)

Jacob Cohen (April 20, 1923 – January 20, 1998) was an American psychologist and statistician best known for his work on statistical power and effect size, which helped to lay foundations for current statistical meta-analysis and the methods of estimation statistics.

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Journal of Applied Psychology

The Journal of Applied Psychology is a monthly, peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association.

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Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics

The Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the American Educational Research Association and American Statistical Association.

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Karl Pearson

Karl Pearson (born Carl Pearson; 27 March 1857 – 27 April 1936) was an English eugenicist, mathematician, and biostatistician. He has been credited with establishing the discipline of mathematical statistics. He founded the world's first university statistics department at University College London in 1911, and contributed significantly to the field of biometrics and meteorology.

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Larry V. Hedges

Larry Vernon Hedges is a researcher in statistical methods for meta-analysis and evaluation of education policy.

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List of things named after Carl Friedrich Gauss

Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) is the eponym of all of the topics listed below.

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MAGIC criteria

The MAGIC criteria are a set of guidelines put forth by Robert Abelson in his book Statistics as Principled Argument.

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Mahalanobis distance

The Mahalanobis distance is a measure of the distance between a point P and a distribution D, introduced by P. C. Mahalanobis in 1936.

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Mann–Whitney U test

Mann–Whitney U test (also called the Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon (MWW/MWU), Wilcoxon rank-sum test, or Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test) is a nonparametric test of the null hypothesis that, for randomly selected values X and Y from two populations, the probability of X being greater than Y is equal to the probability of Y being greater than X.

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Maximum likelihood estimation

In statistics, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is a method of estimating the parameters of an assumed probability distribution, given some observed data.

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Mean

A mean is a numeric quantity representing the center of a collection of numbers and is intermediate to the extreme values of a set of numbers.

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Medical research

Medical research (or biomedical research), also known as health research, refers to the process of using scientific methods with the aim to produce knowledge about human diseases, the prevention and treatment of illness, and the promotion of health.

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Meta-analysis is the statistical combination of the results of multiple studies addressing a similar research question. Effect size and Meta-analysis are Clinical research.

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Multivariate analysis of variance

In statistics, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is a procedure for comparing multivariate sample means.

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Noncentral distribution

Noncentral distributions are families of probability distributions that are related to other "central" families of distributions by means of a noncentrality parameter.

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Noncentral F-distribution

In probability theory and statistics, the noncentral F-distribution is a continuous probability distribution that is a noncentral generalization of the (ordinary) ''F''-distribution.

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Noncentral t-distribution

The noncentral t-distribution generalizes Student's ''t''-distribution using a noncentrality parameter.

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Norman Cliff

Norman Cliff (born September 1, 1930) is an American psychologist.

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Odds ratio

An odds ratio (OR) is a statistic that quantifies the strength of the association between two events, A and B. The odds ratio is defined as the ratio of the odds of event A taking place in the presence of B, the and odds of A in the absence of B. Due to symmetry, odds ratio reciprocally calculates the ratio of the odds of B occurring in the presence of A, and the odds of B in the absence of A. Effect size and odds ratio are medical statistics.

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P-value

In null-hypothesis significance testing, the p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is correct. Effect size and p-value are statistical hypothesis testing.

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Parameter

A parameter, generally, is any characteristic that can help in defining or classifying a particular system (meaning an event, project, object, situation, etc.). That is, a parameter is an element of a system that is useful, or critical, when identifying the system, or when evaluating its performance, status, condition, etc.

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Partial least squares path modeling

The partial least squares path modeling or partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-PM, PLS-SEM) is a method for structural equation modeling that allows estimation of complex cause-effect relationships in path models with latent variables.

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Pearson correlation coefficient

In statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) is a correlation coefficient that measures linear correlation between two sets of data.

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Perceptual and Motor Skills

Perceptual and Motor Skills is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal established by Robert B. Ammons and Carol H. Ammons in 1949.

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Phi coefficient

In statistics, the phi coefficient (or mean square contingency coefficient and denoted by φ or rφ) is a measure of association for two binary variables.

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Point-biserial correlation coefficient

The point biserial correlation coefficient (rpb) is a correlation coefficient used when one variable (e.g. Y) is dichotomous; Y can either be "naturally" dichotomous, like whether a coin lands heads or tails, or an artificially dichotomized variable.

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Pooled variance

In statistics, pooled variance (also known as combined variance, composite variance, or overall variance, and written \sigma^2) is a method for estimating variance of several different populations when the mean of each population may be different, but one may assume that the variance of each population is the same.

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Power (statistics)

In frequentist statistics, power is a measure of the ability of an experimental design and hypothesis testing setup to detect a particular effect if it is truly present. Effect size and power (statistics) are statistical hypothesis testing.

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Psychological Bulletin

The Psychological Bulletin is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes evaluative and integrative research reviews and interpretations of issues in psychology, including both qualitative (narrative) and/or quantitative (meta-analytic) aspects.

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Psychological Methods

Psychological Methods is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association.

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Publication bias

In published academic research, publication bias occurs when the outcome of an experiment or research study biases the decision to publish or otherwise distribute it. Effect size and publication bias are meta-analysis.

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Quantile

In statistics and probability, quantiles are cut points dividing the range of a probability distribution into continuous intervals with equal probabilities, or dividing the observations in a sample in the same way.

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Randomized controlled trial

A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; RCT) is a form of scientific experiment used to control factors not under direct experimental control. Effect size and randomized controlled trial are Clinical research.

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Regression analysis

In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships between a dependent variable (often called the 'outcome' or 'response' variable, or a 'label' in machine learning parlance) and one or more independent variables (often called 'predictors', 'covariates', 'explanatory variables' or 'features').

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Relative risk

The relative risk (RR) or risk ratio is the ratio of the probability of an outcome in an exposed group to the probability of an outcome in an unexposed group. Effect size and relative risk are medical statistics.

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Risk difference

The risk difference (RD), excess risk, or attributable risk is the difference between the risk of an outcome in the exposed group and the unexposed group. Effect size and risk difference are medical statistics.

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Sample size determination

Sample size determination or estimation is the act of choosing the number of observations or replicates to include in a statistical sample.

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Sampling (statistics)

In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset or a statistical sample (termed sample for short) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.

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Sampling error

In statistics, sampling errors are incurred when the statistical characteristics of a population are estimated from a subset, or sample, of that population.

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Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies.

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Standard deviation

In statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation of a random variable expected about its mean.

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Statistical hypothesis test

A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data sufficiently support a particular hypothesis. Effect size and statistical hypothesis test are mathematical and quantitative methods (economics) and statistical hypothesis testing.

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Statistical significance

In statistical hypothesis testing, a result has statistical significance when a result at least as "extreme" would be very infrequent if the null hypothesis were true. Effect size and statistical significance are statistical hypothesis testing.

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Statistics

Statistics (from German: Statistik, "description of a state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. Effect size and Statistics are mathematical and quantitative methods (economics).

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effect_size

Also known as Cliff's delta, Cohen s d, Cohen's d, Cohens d, Effect sizes, Hedge's g, Hedges g, Hedges' g, Hedges's g, Standardised mean difference, Standardized mean difference.

, Phi coefficient, Point-biserial correlation coefficient, Pooled variance, Power (statistics), Psychological Bulletin, Psychological Methods, Publication bias, Quantile, Randomized controlled trial, Regression analysis, Relative risk, Risk difference, Sample size determination, Sampling (statistics), Sampling error, Social science, Standard deviation, Statistical hypothesis test, Statistical significance, Statistics, Student's t-test, Test statistic, The Journal of General Psychology, Z-factor.

Effect size, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Meta-analysis

References