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Electric eel, the Glossary

The electric eels are a genus, Electrophorus, of neotropical freshwater fish from South America in the family Gymnotidae.^[1]

149 relations: Acetylcholine, Actin, Alessandro Volta, Alexander von Humboldt, Amazonian Craton, Amber, Ampere, Anti-predator adaptation, Banded knifefish, BBC, Buccal pumping, Buccal space, Caecilian, Callichthyidae, Calmodulin, Capacitor, Carbon dioxide, Carl Linnaeus, Carl Sachs, Catfish, Characiformes, Cichlid, Clade, Cleithrum, CRC Press, Cretaceous, Current Biology, Desmin, Developmental bioelectricity, Dry season, Ecology and Evolution, Eel, Electric battery, Electric charge, Electric current, Electric fish, Electric organ (fish), Electric potential, Electric watch, Electrical conductor, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Electrochemistry, Electrophorus electricus, Electrophorus varii, Electrophorus voltai, Electrophysiology, Electroreception and electrogenesis, Elsevier, Emil du Bois-Reymond, Energy conversion efficiency, ... Expand index (99 more) »
Electrophoridae
Knifefish of Brazil
Taxa described in 1864

Acetylcholine

Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic compound that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals (including humans) as a neurotransmitter.

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Actin

Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments in the cytoskeleton, and the thin filaments in muscle fibrils.

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Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (18 February 1745 – 5 March 1827) was an Italian physicist and chemist who was a pioneer of electricity and power and is credited as the inventor of the electric battery and the discoverer of methane.

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Alexander von Humboldt

Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 1769 – 6 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science.

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Amazonian Craton

The Amazonian Craton is a geologic province located in South America.

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Amber

Amber is fossilized tree resin.

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Ampere

The ampere (symbol: A), often shortened to amp,SI supports only the use of symbols and deprecates the use of abbreviations for units.

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Anti-predator adaptation

Anti-predator adaptations are mechanisms developed through evolution that assist prey organisms in their constant struggle against predators.

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Banded knifefish

The banded knifefish (Gymnotus carapo) is a species of gymniform knifefish native to a wide range of freshwater habitats in South America. Electric eel and banded knifefish are fish of the Amazon basin and knifefish of Brazil.

See Electric eel and Banded knifefish

BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.

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Buccal pumping

Buccal pumping is "breathing with one's cheeks": a method of ventilation used in respiration in which the animal moves the floor of its mouth in a rhythmic manner that is externally apparent.

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Buccal space

The buccal space (also termed the buccinator space) is a fascial space of the head and neck (sometimes also termed fascial tissue spaces or tissue spaces).

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Caecilian

Caecilians (blind ones) are a group of limbless, vermiform (worm-shaped) or serpentine (snake-shaped) amphibians with small or sometimes nonexistent eyes.

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Callichthyidae

Callichthyidae is a family of catfishes (order Siluriformes), called armored catfishes due to the two rows of bony plates (or scutes) along the lengths of their bodies.

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Calmodulin

Calmodulin (CaM) (an abbreviation for calcium-modulated protein) is a multifunctional intermediate calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells.

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Capacitor

In electrical engineering, a capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy by accumulating electric charges on two closely spaced surfaces that are insulated from each other.

See Electric eel and Capacitor

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.

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Carl Linnaeus

Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,Blunt (2004), p. 171.

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Carl Sachs

Carl Sachs (19 September 185318 August 1878) was a German zoologist, known for his discovery of what is now called Sachs' organ in the electric eel.

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Catfish

Catfish (or catfishes; order Siluriformes or Nematognathi) are a diverse group of ray-finned fish.

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Characiformes

Characiformes is an order of ray-finned fish, comprising the characins and their allies.

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Cichlid

Cichlids are fish from the family Cichlidae in the order Cichliformes.

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Clade

In biological phylogenetics, a clade, also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a grouping of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree.

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Cleithrum

The cleithrum (cleithra) is a membrane bone which first appears as part of the skeleton in primitive bony fish, where it runs vertically along the scapula.

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CRC Press

The CRC Press, LLC is an American publishing group that specializes in producing technical books.

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Cretaceous

The Cretaceous is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya).

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Current Biology

Current Biology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers all areas of biology, especially molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, neurobiology, ecology, and evolutionary biology.

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Desmin

Desmin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DES gene.

See Electric eel and Desmin

Developmental bioelectricity

Developmental bioelectricity is the regulation of cell, tissue, and organ-level patterning and behavior by electrical signals during the development of embryonic animals and plants.

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Dry season

The dry season was a yearly period of low rainfall, especially in the tropics.

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Ecology and Evolution

Ecology and Evolution is a biweekly open-access scientific journal covering all areas of ecology, evolution, and conservation.

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Eel

Eels are ray-finned fish belonging to the order Anguilliformes, which consists of eight suborders, 20 families, 164 genera, and about 1000 species.

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Electric battery

An electric battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections for powering electrical devices.

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Electric charge

Electric charge (symbol q, sometimes Q) is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.

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Electric current

An electric current is a flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space.

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Electric fish

An electric fish is any fish that can generate electric fields.

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Electric organ (fish)

An electric ray (Torpediniformes) showing location of paired electric organs in the head, and electrocytes stacked within it In biology, the electric organ is an organ that an electric fish uses to create an electric field.

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Electric potential

Electric potential (also called the electric field potential, potential drop, the electrostatic potential) is defined as the amount of work/energy needed per unit of electric charge to move the charge from a reference point to a specific point in an electric field.

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Electric watch

In horology, the term electric watch is used for the first generation electrically-powered wristwatches which were first publicly displayed by both Elgin National Watch Company and Lip on March 19, 1952, with working laboratory examples in Chicago and Paris.

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Electrical conductor

In physics and electrical engineering, a conductor is an object or type of material that allows the flow of charge (electric current) in one or more directions.

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Electrical resistivity and conductivity

Electrical resistivity (also called volume resistivity or specific electrical resistance) is a fundamental specific property of a material that measures its electrical resistance or how strongly it resists electric current.

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Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change.

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Electrophorus electricus

Electrophorus electricus is the best-known species of electric eel. Electric eel and Electrophorus electricus are Electrophoridae, knifefish of Brazil and strongly electric fish.

See Electric eel and Electrophorus electricus

Electrophorus varii

Electrophorus varii, or Vari’s electric eel, is a species of electric eel found in South America. Electric eel and Electrophorus varii are Electrophoridae, knifefish of Brazil and strongly electric fish.

See Electric eel and Electrophorus varii

Electrophorus voltai

Electrophorus voltai is a species of electric eel found in South America. Electric eel and Electrophorus voltai are Electrophoridae, knifefish of Brazil and strongly electric fish.

See Electric eel and Electrophorus voltai

Electrophysiology

Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτ, ēlektron, "amber"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of physiology that studies the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues.

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Electroreception and electrogenesis

Electroreception and electrogenesis are the closely related biological abilities to perceive electrical stimuli and to generate electric fields.

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Elsevier

Elsevier is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content.

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Emil du Bois-Reymond

Emil Heinrich du Bois-Reymond (7 November 1818 – 26 December 1896) was a German physiologist, the co-discoverer of nerve action potential, and the developer of experimental electrophysiology.

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Energy conversion efficiency

Energy conversion efficiency (η) is the ratio between the useful output of an energy conversion machine and the input, in energy terms.

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External fertilization

External fertilization is a mode of reproduction in which a male organism's sperm fertilizes a female organism's egg outside of the female's body.

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Fish fin

Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish swim.

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Fish scale

A fish scale is a small rigid plate that grows out of the skin of a fish.

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French Guiana

French Guiana (or; Guyane,; Lagwiyann or Gwiyann) is an overseas department and region of France located on the northern coast of South America in the Guianas and the West Indies.

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Freshwater fish

Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%.

See Electric eel and Freshwater fish

Galvanometer

A galvanometer is an electromechanical measuring instrument for electric current.

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Gas exchange

Gas exchange is the physical process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface.

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Genus

Genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses.

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Ghost knifefish

The ghost knifefishes are a family, Apteronotidae, of ray-finned fishes in the order Gymnotiformes.

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Glass knifefish

Glass knifefishes are fishes in the family Sternopygidae in the order Gymnotiformes.

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Guiana Shield

The Guiana Shield (Plateau des Guyanes, Bouclier guyanais; Hoogland van Guyana, Guianaschild; Planalto das Guianas, Escudo das Guianas; Escudo guayanés) is one of the three cratons of the South American Plate.

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Gymnotiformes

The Gymnotiformes are an order of teleost bony fishes commonly known as Neotropical knifefish or South American knifefish.

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Gymnotus

Gymnotus is a genus of Neotropical freshwater fish in the family Gymnotidae found widely in South America, Central America and southern Mexico (36th parallel south to 18th parallel north).

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Harpoon

A harpoon is a long spear-like projectile used in fishing, whaling, sealing, and other hunting to shoot, kill, and capture large fish or marine mammals such as seals, sea cows and whales.

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Hertz

The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), equivalent to one event (or cycle) per second.

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Hugh Williamson

Hugh Williamson (December 5, 1735 – May 22, 1819) was an American Founding Father, physician, and politician.

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Hypopomidae

The Hypopomidae are a family of fishes in the order Gymnotiformes known as the bluntnose knifefish.

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Implant (medicine)

An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure.

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Ion channel

Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore.

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Ion transporter

In biology, an ion transporter is a transmembrane protein that moves ions (or other small molecules) across a biological membrane to accomplish many different biological functions, including cellular communication, maintaining homeostasis, energy production, etc.

See Electric eel and Ion transporter

James Hope Stewart

James Hope Stewart of Slodahill (2 August 1789 – 20 July 1856) was a Scottish natural history artist, known for his paintings for Sir William Jardine's 40 volume series The Naturalist's Library.

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James S. Albert

James S. Albert is a professor of Biology at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.

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Jesuits

The Society of Jesus (Societas Iesu; abbreviation: SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits (Iesuitae), is a religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome.

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Johann Friedrich Cotta

Johann Friedrich, Freiherr Cotta von Cottendorf (27 April 1764 – 29 December 1832) was a German publisher, industrial pioneer and politician.

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John Hunter (surgeon)

John Hunter (13 February 1728 – 16 October 1793) was a Scottish surgeon, one of the most distinguished scientists and surgeons of his day.

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John Walsh (scientist)

John Walsh (1 July 1726 – 9 March 1795) was a British scientist and Secretary to the Governor of Bengal.

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Journal of Fish Biology

The Journal of Fish Biology covers all aspects of fish and fisheries biological research, both freshwater and marine.

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Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences

The Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that was originally published by the Department of the History of Medicine at Yale University and now is continued by Oxford University Press.

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KCNH6

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNH6 gene.

See Electric eel and KCNH6

KCNJ12

ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 12 is a lipid-gated ion channel that in humans is encoded by the KCNJ12 gene.

See Electric eel and KCNJ12

Knollenorgan

A Knollenorgan is an electroreceptor in the skin of weakly electric fish of the family Mormyridae (Elephantfish) from Africa.

See Electric eel and Knollenorgan

Kv1.1

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1 also known as Kv1.1 is a shaker related voltage-gated potassium channel that in humans is encoded by the KCNA1 gene.

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Late Miocene

The Late Miocene (also known as Upper Miocene) is a sub-epoch of the Miocene Epoch made up of two stages.

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Lateral line

The lateral line, also called the lateral line organ (LLO), is a system of sensory organs found in fish, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water.

See Electric eel and Lateral line

Lead-acid battery

The lead-acid battery is a type of rechargeable battery first invented in 1859 by French physicist Gaston Planté.

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Leyden jar

A Leyden jar (or Leiden jar, or archaically, Kleistian jar) is an electrical component that stores a high-voltage electric charge (from an external source) between electrical conductors on the inside and outside of a glass jar.

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Light-emitting diode

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when current flows through it.

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Luigi Galvani

Luigi Galvani (also;; Aloysius Galvanus; 9 September 1737 – 4 December 1798) was an Italian physician, physicist, biologist and philosopher, who studied animal electricity.

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Manaus

Manaus is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Amazonas.

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Mechanoreceptor

A mechanoreceptor, also called mechanoceptor, is a sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion.

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Megalechis thoracata

Megalechis thoracata (black marble hoplo, spotted hoplo) is a species of catfish of the family Callichthyidae. Electric eel and Megalechis thoracata are fish of the Amazon basin.

See Electric eel and Megalechis thoracata

Michael Faraday

Michael Faraday (22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.

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Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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Monotypic taxon

In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon.

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Mucous membrane

A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs.

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Muscle cell

A muscle cell, also known as a myocyte, is a mature contractile cell in the muscle of an animal.

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Myofibril

A myofibril (also known as a muscle fibril or sarcostyle) is a basic rod-like organelle of a muscle cell.

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Naked-back knifefish

The naked-back knifefishes are a family (Gymnotidae) of knifefishes found only in fresh waters of Central America and South America.

See Electric eel and Naked-back knifefish

Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm).

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Nature Communications

Nature Communications is a peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio since 2010.

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Nature Nanotechnology

Nature Nanotechnology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Publishing Group.

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Neotropical realm

The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface.

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Neurotransmitter

A neurotransmitter is a signaling molecule secreted by a neuron to affect another cell across a synapse.

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New England Aquarium

The New England Aquarium is a nonprofit organization located in Boston, Massachusetts.

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Nocturnality

Nocturnality is a behavior in some non-human animals characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day.

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Operculum (fish)

The operculum is a series of bones found in bony fish and chimaeras that serves as a facial support structure and a protective covering for the gills; it is also used for respiration and feeding.

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Order (biology)

Order (ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy.

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Ostariophysi

Ostariophysi is the second-largest superorder of fish.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society is a scientific journal published by the Royal Society.

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Piranha

A piranha or piraña is any of a number of freshwater fish species in the family Serrasalmidae, or the subfamily Serrasalminae within the tetra family, Characidae in order Characiformes. Electric eel and piranha are fish of the Amazon basin.

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Pliocene

The Pliocene (also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years ago.

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PLOS One

PLOS One (stylized PLOS ONE, and formerly PLoS ONE) is a peer-reviewed open access mega journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS) since 2006.

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Potassium

Potassium is a chemical element; it has symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number19.

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Power density

Power density, defined as the amount of power (the time rate of energy transfer) per unit volume, is a critical parameter used across a spectrum of scientific and engineering disciplines.

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Predation

Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.

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Princeton University Press

Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal.

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Protocell

A protocell (or protobiont) is a self-organized, endogenously ordered, spherical collection of lipids proposed as a rudimentary precursor to cells during the origin of life.

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Río de la Plata Basin

The Río de la Plata basin (Cuenca del Plata, Bacia do Prata), more often called the River Plate basin in scholarly writings, sometimes called the Platine basin or Platine region, is the hydrographical area in South America that drains to the Río de la Plata.

See Electric eel and Río de la Plata Basin

Rhamphichthyidae

Sand knifefish are freshwater electric fish of the family Rhamphichthyidae, from freshwater habitats in South America.

See Electric eel and Rhamphichthyidae

Royal Society

The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences.

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Science (journal)

Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.

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Scientific Reports

Scientific Reports is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific mega journal published by Nature Portfolio, covering all areas of the natural sciences.

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Sexual dimorphism

Sexual dimorphism is the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different morphological characteristics, particularly characteristics not directly involved in reproduction.

See Electric eel and Sexual dimorphism

Sister group

In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.

See Electric eel and Sister group

Sodium

Sodium is a chemical element; it has symbol Na (from Neo-Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.

See Electric eel and Sodium

Sodium channel

Sodium channels are integral membrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium ions (Na+) through a cell's membrane.

See Electric eel and Sodium channel

Sodium–potassium pump

The sodium–potassium pump (sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase, also known as -ATPase, pump, or sodium–potassium ATPase) is an enzyme (an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase) found in the membrane of all animal cells.

See Electric eel and Sodium–potassium pump

Stanford University Press

Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.

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Static electricity

Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material.

See Electric eel and Static electricity

Superior mouth

A superior mouth is a mouth that opens upward, with the lower jaw more anterior than the upper jaw.

See Electric eel and Superior mouth

Surinam (Dutch colony)

Surinam (Suriname), also unofficially known as Dutch Guiana, was a Dutch plantation colony in the Guianas, bordered by the equally Dutch colony of Berbice to the west, and the French colony of Cayenne to the east.

See Electric eel and Surinam (Dutch colony)

Swim bladder

The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw, or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth without having to expend energy in swimming.

See Electric eel and Swim bladder

Tetra

Tetra is the common name of many small freshwater characiform fishes.

See Electric eel and Tetra

Theodore Gill

Theodore Nicholas Gill (March 21, 1837 – September 25, 1914) was an American ichthyologist, mammalogist, malacologist, and librarian.

See Electric eel and Theodore Gill

Torpedo (genus)

Torpedo is a genus of rays, commonly known as electric rays, torpedo rays, or torpedoes.

See Electric eel and Torpedo (genus)

Toxin

A toxin is a naturally occurring poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms.

See Electric eel and Toxin

Tupi language

Old Tupi, Ancient Tupi or Classical Tupi is a classical Tupian language which was spoken by the indigenous Tupi people of Brazil, mostly those who inhabited coastal regions in South and Southeast Brazil.

See Electric eel and Tupi language

Type species

In zoological nomenclature, a type species (species typica) is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen (or specimens).

See Electric eel and Type species

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_eel

Also known as Electric Eels, Electrophorid, Electrophoridae, Electrophorus (Genus), Electrophorus (fish), Poraque.

, External fertilization, Fish fin, Fish scale, French Guiana, Freshwater fish, Galvanometer, Gas exchange, Genus, Ghost knifefish, Glass knifefish, Guiana Shield, Gymnotiformes, Gymnotus, Harpoon, Hertz, Hugh Williamson, Hypopomidae, Implant (medicine), Ion channel, Ion transporter, James Hope Stewart, James S. Albert, Jesuits, Johann Friedrich Cotta, John Hunter (surgeon), John Walsh (scientist), Journal of Fish Biology, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, KCNH6, KCNJ12, Knollenorgan, Kv1.1, Late Miocene, Lateral line, Lead-acid battery, Leyden jar, Light-emitting diode, Luigi Galvani, Manaus, Mechanoreceptor, Megalechis thoracata, Michael Faraday, Mitochondrial DNA, Monotypic taxon, Mucous membrane, Muscle cell, Myofibril, Naked-back knifefish, Nanotechnology, Nature Communications, Nature Nanotechnology, Neotropical realm, Neurotransmitter, New England Aquarium, Nocturnality, Operculum (fish), Order (biology), Ostariophysi, Oxford University Press, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Piranha, Pliocene, PLOS One, Potassium, Power density, Predation, Princeton University Press, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Protein, Protocell, Río de la Plata Basin, Rhamphichthyidae, Royal Society, Science (journal), Scientific Reports, Sexual dimorphism, Sister group, Sodium, Sodium channel, Sodium–potassium pump, Stanford University Press, Static electricity, Superior mouth, Surinam (Dutch colony), Swim bladder, Tetra, Theodore Gill, Torpedo (genus), Toxin, Tupi language, Type species, Typhlonectes compressicauda, University of Chicago Press, University of Western Australia, Visual prosthesis, Volt, Weberian apparatus, William Home Lizars, William Turton.

Electric eel, the Glossary

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