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Ellora Caves, the Glossary

The Ellora Caves are a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Aurangabad district, Maharashtra, India (now renamed to Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar district).^[1]

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111 relations: Agastya, Ajanta Caves, Al-Masudi, Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah, Ambika (Jainism), Apsara, Apse, Archaeological Survey of India, Ardhanarishvara, Asceticism, Athens, Aurangabad, Aurangabad district, Maharashtra, Aurangzeb, Avatar, Āstika and nāstika, Bahubali, Basalt, Bodhisattva, Brahman, Chaitya, Chalukya dynasty, Cretaceous, Dantidurga, Deccan Traps, Delhi Sultanate, Dharanendra, Digambara, Dravidian architecture, Durga, Feluda, Ficus religiosa, Firishta, Ganesha, Ganga (goddess), Gavaksha, George Cattermole, Gopuram, Grishneshwar Temple, Harihara, Hindu temple, Iconoclasm, Ilvala and Vatapi, Indian classical dance, Indian epic poetry, Indian rock-cut architecture, Indra, Jainism, José Pereira (scholar), Kailasa Temple, Ellora, ... Expand index (61 more) »
6th-century Hindu temples
7th-century Hindu temples
8th-century Hindu temples
8th-century Jain temples
Archaeological sites in Maharashtra
Hindu cave temples in India
Jain caves in India
Shiva temples in India
World Heritage Sites in Maharashtra

Agastya

Agastya was a revered Indian sage of Hinduism.

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The Ajanta Caves are 30 rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments dating from the second century BCE to about 480 CE in Aurangabad district (a.k.a. Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar district) of Maharashtra state in India. Ellora Caves and Ajanta Caves are Buddhist caves in India, Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India, caves containing pictograms in India, caves of Maharashtra, Indian rock-cut architecture, world Heritage Sites in India and world Heritage Sites in Maharashtra.

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Al-Masudi

al-Masʿūdī (full name, أبو الحسن علي بن الحسين بن علي المسعودي), –956, was a historian, geographer and traveler.

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Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah

Ala-ud-Din Hasan Bahman Shah (died 10 February 1358) whose original name was Zafar Khan or Hasan Gangu, was the founder of the Bahmani Sultanate.

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Ambika (Jainism)

In Jainism, Ambika (अम्बिका, "Mother") or Ambika Devi (अम्बिका देवी "the Goddess-Mother") is the yakshini "dedicated attendant deity" or "protector goddess" of the 22nd Tirthankara, Neminatha.

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Apsara

Apsaras (अप्सरा,, Akcharā Khmer: អប្សរា Thai:นางอัปสร) are a member of a class of celestial beings in Hindu and Buddhist culture They were originally a type of female spirit of the clouds and waters, but, later play the role of a "nymph" or "fairy".

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Apse

In architecture, an apse (apses; from Latin absis, 'arch, vault'; from Ancient Greek ἀψίς,, 'arch'; sometimes written apsis;: apsides) is a semicircular recess covered with a hemispherical vault or semi-dome, also known as an exedra.

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Archaeological Survey of India

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is an Indian government agency that is responsible for archaeological research and the conservation and preservation of cultural historical monuments in the country.

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Ardhanarishvara

Ardhanarishvara (translit-std), is a form of the Hindu deity Shiva combined with his consort Parvati.

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Asceticism

Asceticism is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from worldly pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals.

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Athens

Athens is the capital and largest city of Greece.

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Aurangabad

Aurangabad, officially known as Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, or Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, is a city in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

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Aurangabad district, Maharashtra

Aurangabad district (Marathi pronunciation: əu̯ɾəŋɡaːbaːd̪), officially known as Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar district, is one of the 36 districts of the state of Maharashtra in western India.

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Aurangzeb

Muhi al-Din Muhammad (3 November 1618 – 3 March 1707), commonly known as italics, was the sixth Mughal emperor, reigning from 1658 until his death in 1707.

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Avatar

Avatar is a concept within Hinduism that in Sanskrit literally means.

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Āstika and nāstika

Āstika (Sanskrit: आस्तिक; IAST: Āstika) and Nāstika (Sanskrit: नास्तिक; IAST: Nāstika) are concepts that have been used to classify the schools of Indian philosophy by modern scholars, as well as some Hindu, Buddhist and Jain texts.

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Bahubali

Bahubali was the son of Rishabhanatha (the first tirthankara of Jainism) and the brother of the chakravartin Bharata.

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Basalt

Basalt is an aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the surface of a rocky planet or moon.

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Bodhisattva

In Buddhism, a bodhisattva (English:; translit) or bodhisatva is a person who is on the path towards bodhi ('awakening') or Buddhahood.

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Brahman

In Hinduism, Brahman (ब्रह्मन्; IAST: Brahman) connotes the highest universal principle, the Ultimate Reality of the universe.

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Chaitya

A chaitya, chaitya hall, chaitya-griha, (Sanskrit:Caitya; Pāli: Cetiya) refers to a shrine, sanctuary, temple or prayer hall in Indian religions.

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Chalukya dynasty

The Chalukya dynasty was a Classical Indian dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries.

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Cretaceous

The Cretaceous is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya).

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Dantidurga

Dantidurga (reigned 735–756 CE), also known as Dantivarman II was the founder of the Rashtrakuta Empire of Manyakheta.

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Deccan Traps

The Deccan Traps is a large igneous province of west-central India (17–24°N, 73–74°E).

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Delhi Sultanate

The Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent, for 320 years (1206–1526).

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Dharanendra

Dharanendra is the Yaksha (attendant deity) of Parshvanatha, twenty-third Tirthankara in Jainism.

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Digambara

Digambara ("sky-clad") is one of the two major schools of Jainism, the other being Śvetāmbara (white-clad).

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Dravidian architecture

Dravidian architecture, or the Southern Indian temple style, is an architectural idiom in Hindu temple architecture that emerged from Southern India, reaching its final form by the sixteenth century. Ellora Caves and Dravidian architecture are Indian architectural history.

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Durga

Durga (दुर्गा) is a major Hindu goddess, worshipped as a principal aspect of the mother goddess Mahadevi.

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Feluda

Feluda is a fictional detective, private investigator created by Indian director and writer Satyajit Ray.

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Ficus religiosa

Ficus religiosa or sacred fig is a species of fig native to the Indian subcontinent and Indochina that belongs to Moraceae, the fig or mulberry family.

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Firishta

Firishta or Ferešte (فرشته), full name Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah Astarabadi (محمدقاسمهندوشاہ استرابادی), was a Persian historian, who later settled in India and served the Deccan Sultans as their court historian.

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Ganesha

Ganesha (गणेश), also spelled Ganesh, and also known as Ganapati, Vinayaka, Lambodara and Pillaiyar, is one of the best-known and most worshipped deities in the Hindu pantheon and is the Supreme God in the Ganapatya sect.

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Ganga (goddess)

Ganga (गङ्गा) is the personification of the river Ganges, who is worshipped by Hindus as the goddess of purification and forgiveness.

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Gavaksha

In Indian architecture, gavaksha or chandrashala (kudu in Tamil, also nāsī) are the terms most often used to describe the motif centred on an ogee, circular or horseshoe arch that decorates many examples of Indian rock-cut architecture and later Indian structural temples and other buildings.

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George Cattermole

George Cattermole (10 August 180024 July 1868) was a British painter and illustrator, chiefly in watercolours.

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Gopuram

A gopuram or gopura (Tamil: கோபுரம், Telugu: గోపురం, Kannada: ಗೋಪುರ) is a monumental entrance tower, usually ornate, at the entrance of a Hindu temple, in the South Indian architecture of the southern Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, and Telangana, and Sri Lanka.

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Grishneshwar Temple

Grishneshwar Temple is a Hindu temple of Shiva in Verul village of Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar district, Maharashtra, India. Ellora Caves and Grishneshwar Temple are Hindu temples in Maharashtra.

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Harihara

Harihara (Sanskrit: हरिहर) is the dual representation of the Hindu deities Vishnu (Hari) and Shiva (Hara).

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Hindu temple

A Hindu temple, also known as Mandir, Devasthanam, Pura, or Koil, is a sacred place where Hindus worship and show their devotion to deities through worship, sacrifice, and prayers.

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Iconoclasm

Iconoclasm (from Greek: label + label)From lit.

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Ilvala and Vatapi

Ilvala and Vatapi are asura brothers in Hindu mythology.

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Indian classical dance

Indian classical dance, or Shastriya Nritya, is an umbrella term for different regionally-specific Indian classical dance traditions, rooted in predominantly Hindu musical theatre performance,, Quote: All of the dances considered to be part of the Indian classical canon (Bharata Natyam, Chhau, Kathak, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Manipuri, Mohiniattam, Odissi, Sattriya, and Yakshagana) trace their roots to religious practices (...) the Indian diaspora has led to the translocation of Hindu dances to Europe, North America and the world." the theory and practice of which can be traced to the Sanskrit text Natya Shastra.

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Indian epic poetry

Indian epic poetry is the epic poetry written in the Indian subcontinent, traditionally called Kavya (or Kāvya; Sanskrit: काव्य, IAST: kāvyá).

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Indian rock-cut architecture

Indian rock-cut architecture is more various and found in greater abundance in that country than any other form of rock-cut architecture around the world. Ellora Caves and Indian rock-cut architecture are Indian architectural history.

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Indra

Indra (इन्द्र) is the king of the devas and Svarga in Hinduism.

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Jainism

Jainism, also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religion.

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José Pereira (scholar)

José Pereira (22 January 1931 – 26 January 2015) was a Sanskrit scholar, historian, writer, artist, and linguist of Goan origin.

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Kailasa Temple, Ellora

The Kailasha (IAST: Kailāśa) or Kailashanatha (IAST: Kailāśanātha) temple is the largest of the rock-cut temples at the Ellora Caves near Chhatrapati Sambhajingar district, Maharashtra of Maharashtra, India. Ellora Caves and Kailasa Temple, Ellora are 8th-century Hindu temples, Hindu temples in Maharashtra, Indian rock-cut architecture, Lost ancient cities and towns and world Heritage Sites in India.

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Kailashey Kelenkari (film)

Kailashey Kelenkari (কৈলাসে কেলেঙ্কারি, also spelled Koilashe Kelenkaari) is an Indian Bengali thriller film directed by Sandip Ray based on the novel of the same name by Satyajit Ray.

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Kailashey Kelenkari (novel)

Kailashey Kelengkari is a 1974 mystery novel by Indian writer Satyajit Ray featuring the private detective Feluda.

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Kalachuri dynasty

The Kalachuris of Mahismati, or the Early Kalachuris, was an early medieval Indian dynasty that ruled present-day Maharashtra, as well as parts of mainland Gujarat and southern Madhya Pradesh.

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Kanheri Caves

The Kanheri Caves (Kānherī-guhā kaːnʱeɾiː ɡuɦaː) are a group of caves and rock-cut monuments cut into a massive basalt outcrop in the forests of the Sanjay Gandhi National Park, on the island of Salsette in the western outskirts of Mumbai, India. Ellora Caves and Kanheri Caves are Buddhist caves in India, Buddhist monasteries in India, caves containing pictograms in India and Indian rock-cut architecture.

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Kevala jnana

Kevala jnana (केवल ज्ञान) or Kevala gyana, also known as Kaivalya, means omniscience in Jainism and is roughly translated as complete understanding or supreme wisdom.

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Krishna

Krishna (Sanskrit: कृष्ण) is a major deity in Hinduism.

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Krishna I

Krishna I (ಅಕಾಲವರ್ಷ ಶುಭತುಂಗ ಕೃಷ್ಣ) (r. 756 – 774 CE), an uncle of Dantidurga, took charge of the growing Rashtrakuta Empire by defeating the last Badami Chalukya emperor Kirtivarman II in 757.

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Lalitasana

Lalitasana is a pose or mudra in Indian art and the art of dharmic religions in other countries.

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Letitia Elizabeth Landon

Letitia Elizabeth Landon (14 August 1802 – 15 October 1838) was an English poet and novelist, better known by her initials L.E.L. Landon's writings are emblematic of the transition from Romanticism to Victorian literature.

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Lingam

A lingam (लिङ्ग, lit. "sign, symbol or mark"), sometimes referred to as linga or Shiva linga, is an abstract or aniconic representation of the Hindu god Shiva in Shaivism.

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List of World Heritage Sites in Southern Asia

The UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) has designated 65 World Heritage Sites in six countries (also called "state parties") of Southern Asia: Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.

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Lotus position

Lotus position or Padmasana (translit) is a cross-legged sitting meditation pose from ancient India, in which each foot is placed on the opposite thigh.

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Mahabharata

The Mahābhārata (महाभारतम्) is one of the two major Smriti texts and Sanskrit epics of ancient India revered in Hinduism, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa.

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Maharashtra

Maharashtra (ISO: Mahārāṣṭra) is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau.

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Mahavira

Mahavira (Devanagari: महावीर), also known as Vardhamana (Devanagari: वर्धमान), the 24th Tirthankara (Supreme Teacher) of Jainism.

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Mahayana

Mahāyāna is a term for a broad group of Buddhist traditions, texts, philosophies, and practices developed in ancient India (onwards).

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Mandala

A mandala (circle) is a geometric configuration of symbols.

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Mandapa

A mandapa or mantapa is a pillared hall or pavilion for public rituals in Indian architecture, especially featured in Hindu temple architecture and Jain temple architecture.

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Marathwada

Marathwada is a proposed state and geographical region of the Indian state of Maharashtra.

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Matrikas

Matrikas (Sanskrit: मातृका (singular), IAST: mātṝkā, lit. "mothers") also called Matar or Matri, are a group of mother goddesses who are always depicted together in Hinduism.

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Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia.

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Mumbai

Mumbai (ISO:; formerly known as Bombay) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra.

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Nandi (Hinduism)

Nandi (नन्दि), also known as Nandikeshvara or Nandideva, is the bull vahana (mount) of the Hindu god Shiva.

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Narasimha

Narasimha (lit), sometimes rendered Narasingha, is the fourth avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu.

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Nelumbo nucifera

Nelumbo nucifera, also known as sacred lotus, Indian lotus, or simply lotus, is one of two extant species of aquatic plant in the family Nelumbonaceae.

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Neminatha

Nemināth (Devanagari: नेमिनाथ) (Sanskrit: नेमिनाथः), also known as Nemi and Ariṣṭanemi (Devanagari: अरिष्टनेमि), is the twenty-second tirthankara of Jainism in the present age (Avasarpini).

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Parshvanatha

Parshvanatha (पार्श्वनाथः), or and Pārasanātha, was the 23rd of 24 Tirthankaras (supreme preacher of dharma) of Jainism.

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Parthenon

The Parthenon (Παρθενώνας|Parthenónas|) is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, that was dedicated to the goddess Athena.

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Parvati

Parvati (पार्वती), also known as Uma (उमा) and Gauri (गौरी), is the Hindu goddess of power, energy, nourishment, harmony, love, beauty, devotion, and motherhood.

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Pinda (riceball)

Piṇḍas are balls of cooked rice mixed with ghee and black sesame seeds offered to ancestors during Hindu funeral rites (Antyesti) and ancestor worship (Śrāddha).

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Prakṛti

Prakriti (प्रकृति) is "the original or natural form or condition of anything, original or primary substance".

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Pune

Pune, previously spelled in English as Poona (the official name until 1978), is a city in Maharashtra state in the Deccan plateau in Western India.

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Ramayana

The Ramayana (translit-std), also known as Valmiki Ramayana, as traditionally attributed to Valmiki, is a smriti text (also described as a Sanskrit epic) from ancient India, one of the two important epics of Hinduism known as the Itihasas, the other being the Mahabharata.

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Rashtrakutas

Rashtrakuta (IAST) (r. 753 – 982 CE) was a royal Indian dynasty ruling large parts of the Indian subcontinent between the 6th and 10th centuries.

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Samavasarana

In Jainism, Samavasarana or Samosharana ("Refuge to All") is the divine preaching hall of the Tirthankara, stated to have more than 20,000 stairs in it.

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Samuel Prout

John Jackson in 1831 Market Day by Samuel Prout A View in Nuremberg by Samuel Prout Utrecht Town Hall by Samuel Prout in 1841 Samuel Prout (17 September 1783 – 10 February 1852) was a British watercolourist, and one of the masters of watercolour architectural painting.

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Sandip Ray

Sandip Ray (born 8 September 1953) is an Indian film director and music director who mainly works in Bengali cinema.

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Saraswati

Saraswati (सरस्वती), also spelled as Sarasvati, is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, music, flowing water, abundance and wealth, art, speech, wisdom, and learning.

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Satyajit Ray

Satyajit Ray (2 May 1921 – 23 April 1992) was an Indian director, screenwriter, documentary filmmaker, author, essayist, lyricist, magazine editor, illustrator, calligrapher, and composer.

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Seuna (Yadava) dynasty

The Seuna, Sevuna, or Yadavas of Devagiri (IAST: Seuṇa, –1317) was a medieval Indian dynasty, which at its peak ruled a realm stretching from the Narmada river in the north to the Tungabhadra river in the south, in the western part of the Deccan region.

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Shaktism

Shaktism (translit-std) is a major Hindu denomination in which the godhead or metaphysical reality is considered metaphorically to be a woman.

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Shikhara

Shikhara (IAST), a Sanskrit word translating literally to "mountain peak", refers to the rising tower in the Hindu temple architecture of North India, and also often used in Jain temples.

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Shiva

Shiva (lit), also known as Mahadeva (Category:Trimurti Category:Wisdom gods Category:Time and fate gods Category:Indian yogis.

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Shiva Purana

The Shiva Purana is one of eighteen major texts of the Purana genre of Sanskrit texts in Hinduism, and part of the Shaivism literature corpus.

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Skeuomorph

A skeuomorph (also spelled skiamorph) is a derivative object that retains ornamental design cues (attributes) from structures that were necessary in the original.

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Tantra

Tantra (lit) is an esoteric yogic tradition that developed on the Indian subcontinent from the middle of the 1st millennium CE onwards in both Hinduism and Buddhism.

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The Buddha

Siddhartha Gautama, most commonly referred to as the Buddha ('the awakened'), was a wandering ascetic and religious teacher who lived in South Asia during the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism.

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Tirtha (Hinduism)

Tirtha (तीर्थ) is a Sanskrit word that means "crossing place, ford", and refers to any place, text or person that is holy.

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Tirthankara

In Jainism, a Tirthankara is a saviour and supreme spiritual teacher of the dharma (righteous path).

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Traikutaka dynasty

The Traikutakas were a dynasty of Indian kings who ruled between 388 and 456.

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Vajrayana

Vajrayāna (वज्रयान; 'vajra vehicle'), also known as Mantrayāna ('mantra vehicle'), Mantranāya ('path of mantra'), Guhyamantrayāna ('secret mantra vehicle'), Tantrayāna ('tantra vehicle'), Tantric Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism, is a Buddhist tradition of tantric practice that developed in Medieval India and spread to Tibet, Nepal, other Himalayan states, East Asia, parts of Southeast Asia and Mongolia.

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Vakataka dynasty

The Vakataka dynasty was an ancient Indian dynasty that originated from the Deccan in the mid-3rd century CE.

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Vihāra

Vihāra generally refers to a Buddhist monastery for Buddhist renunciates, mostly in the Indian subcontinent.

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Vishnu

Vishnu, also known as Narayana and Hari, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism.

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Western Ghats

The Western Ghats, also known as the Sahyadri, is a mountain range that stretches along the western coast of the Indian peninsula. Ellora Caves and western Ghats are world Heritage Sites in India.

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William Woolnoth

William Woolnoth (1780–1837) was an engraver.

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World Heritage Committee

The World Heritage Committee is a committee of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization that selects the sites to be listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the World Heritage List and the List of World Heritage in Danger, defines the use of the World Heritage Fund and allocates financial assistance upon requests from States Parties.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellora_Caves

Also known as Ajora Caves, Ajorra Caves, Carpenter's Cave, Caves of Ellora, Dhumar Lena Cave, Ellora, Ellora Cave Temples, Verul.

, Kailashey Kelenkari (film), Kailashey Kelenkari (novel), Kalachuri dynasty, Kanheri Caves, Kevala jnana, Krishna, Krishna I, Lalitasana, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Lingam, List of World Heritage Sites in Southern Asia, Lotus position, Mahabharata, Maharashtra, Mahavira, Mahayana, Mandala, Mandapa, Marathwada, Matrikas, Mughal Empire, Mumbai, Nandi (Hinduism), Narasimha, Nelumbo nucifera, Neminatha, Parshvanatha, Parthenon, Parvati, Pinda (riceball), Prakṛti, Pune, Ramayana, Rashtrakutas, Samavasarana, Samuel Prout, Sandip Ray, Saraswati, Satyajit Ray, Seuna (Yadava) dynasty, Shaktism, Shikhara, Shiva, Shiva Purana, Skeuomorph, Tantra, The Buddha, Tirtha (Hinduism), Tirthankara, Traikutaka dynasty, Vajrayana, Vakataka dynasty, Vihāra, Vishnu, Western Ghats, William Woolnoth, World Heritage Committee, World Heritage Site, Yaksha, Yakshini, Yamuna in Hinduism.

Ellora Caves, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

6th-century Hindu temples

7th-century Hindu temples

8th-century Hindu temples

8th-century Jain temples

Archaeological sites in Maharashtra

Hindu cave temples in India

Jain caves in India

Shiva temples in India

World Heritage Sites in Maharashtra

References