Endospore, the Glossary
An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by some bacteria in the phylum Bacillota.[1]
Table of Contents
139 relations: Acetonema, Actinomyces, Alcohol (chemistry), Alkalibacillus, Alkylation, Ammoniphilus, Amphibacillus, Anaerobacter, Anaerospora, Aneurinibacillus, Anoxybacillus, Anthrax, Archaea, Astrophysics, Autoclave, Bacillota, Bacillus, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacteria, BBC, Brevibacillus, Caister Academic Press, Calcium, Caldanaerobacter, Caloramator, Caminicella, Cell membrane, Cellular differentiation, Cerasibacillus, Chromatin, Clostridiisalibacter, Clostridium, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium tetani, Cohnella, Coxiella (bacterium), Coxiella burnetii, Cryptobiosis, Cysteine, Dendrosporobacter, Desiccation, Desulfosporomusa, Desulfosporosinus, Desulfotomaculum, Desulfovirgula, Detergent, Dipicolinic acid, ... Expand index (89 more) »
Acetonema
Acetonema is a genus of bacteria in the family Veillonellaceae.
Actinomyces
Actinomyces is a genus of the Actinomycetia class of bacteria.
Alcohol (chemistry)
In chemistry, an alcohol is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl functional group bound to carbon.
See Endospore and Alcohol (chemistry)
Alkalibacillus
Alkalibacillus is a genus in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria).
See Endospore and Alkalibacillus
Alkylation
Alkylation is a chemical reaction that entails transfer of an alkyl group.
Ammoniphilus
Ammoniphilus is a Gram-variable, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, haloalkalitolerant spore-forming, obligately oxalotrophic and motile bacterial genus from the family of Paenibacillaceae with peritrichous flagella.
See Endospore and Ammoniphilus
Amphibacillus
Amphibacillus is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and facultatively anaerobic genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae.
See Endospore and Amphibacillus
Anaerobacter
Anaerobacter is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria related to Clostridium.
See Endospore and Anaerobacter
Anaerospora
Anaerospora is a Gram-negative genus of bacteria from the family of Sporomusaceae with one known species (Anaerospora hongkongensis).
Aneurinibacillus
Ammoniphilus is an aerobic and endospore-forming bacterial genus from the family of Paenibacillaceae.
See Endospore and Aneurinibacillus
Anoxybacillus
Anoxybacillus is a genus of rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae.
See Endospore and Anoxybacillus
Anthrax
Anthrax is an infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis.
Archaea
Archaea (archaeon) is a domain of single-celled organisms.
Astrophysics
Astrophysics is a science that employs the methods and principles of physics and chemistry in the study of astronomical objects and phenomena.
See Endospore and Astrophysics
Autoclave
An autoclave is a machine used to carry out industrial and scientific processes requiring elevated temperature and pressure in relation to ambient pressure and/or temperature.
Bacillota
Bacillota (synonym Firmicutes) is a phylum of bacteria, most of which have gram-positive cell wall structure.
Bacillus
Bacillus (Latin "stick") is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, a member of the phylum Bacillota, with 266 named species.
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium that causes anthrax, a deadly disease to livestock and, occasionally, to humans.
See Endospore and Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium commonly found in soil, food, and marine sponges.
See Endospore and Bacillus cereus
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilis, known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium, found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, humans and marine sponges.
See Endospore and Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus thuringiensis
Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) is a gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, the most commonly used biological pesticide worldwide.
See Endospore and Bacillus thuringiensis
Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. Endospore and Bacteria are bacteriology.
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.
Brevibacillus
Brevibacillus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Paenibacillaceae.
See Endospore and Brevibacillus
Caister Academic Press
Caister Academic Press is an independent academic publishing company that produces books and ebooks on microbiology and molecular biology.
See Endospore and Caister Academic Press
Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
Caldanaerobacter
Caldanaerobacter is a Gram-positive or negative and strictly anaerobic genus of bacteria from the family of Thermoanaerobacteraceae.
See Endospore and Caldanaerobacter
Caloramator
Caloramator, is a genus of bacteriae belonging to the Bacillota.
Caminicella
Caminicella is a Gram-negative, anaerobic, thermophilic, heterotrophic, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterial genus from the family of Clostridiaceae with one known species (Caminicella sporogenes).
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
See Endospore and Cell membrane
Cellular differentiation
Cellular differentiation is the process in which a stem cell changes from one type to a differentiated one.
See Endospore and Cellular differentiation
Cerasibacillus
Cerasibacillus is a moderately thermophilic, alkaliphilic, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, spore-forming and motile genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae with one known species (Cerasibacillus quisquiliarum).
See Endospore and Cerasibacillus
Chromatin
Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells.
Clostridiisalibacter
Clostridiisalibacter is a Gram-positive moderately halophilic strictly anaerobic and motile bacterial genus from the family of Clostridiaceae with on known species (Clostridiisalibacter paucivorans).
See Endospore and Clostridiisalibacter
Clostridium
Clostridium is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria.
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium botulinum is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming, motile bacterium with the ability to produce botulinum toxin, which is a neurotoxin.
See Endospore and Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium tetani is a common soil bacterium and the causative agent of tetanus.
See Endospore and Clostridium tetani
Cohnella
Cohnella is a genus of bacteria in the family Paenibacillaceae.
Coxiella (bacterium)
Coxiella refers to a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the family Coxiellaceae.
See Endospore and Coxiella (bacterium)
Coxiella burnetii
Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen, and is the causative agent of Q fever.
See Endospore and Coxiella burnetii
Cryptobiosis
Cryptobiosis or anabiosis is a metabolic state in extremophilic organisms in response to adverse environmental conditions such as desiccation, freezing, and oxygen deficiency.
See Endospore and Cryptobiosis
Cysteine
Cysteine (symbol Cys or C) is a semiessential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula.
Dendrosporobacter
Dendrosporobacter is a genus in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria).
See Endospore and Dendrosporobacter
Desiccation
Desiccation is the state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying.
Desulfosporomusa
Desulfosporomusa is a genus of sulfate-reducing bacteria.
See Endospore and Desulfosporomusa
Desulfosporosinus
Desulfosporosinus is a genus of strictly anaerobic, sulfate-reducing bacteria, often found in soil.
See Endospore and Desulfosporosinus
Desulfotomaculum
Desulfotomaculum is a genus of Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic soil bacteria.
See Endospore and Desulfotomaculum
Desulfovirgula
Desulfovirgula is a genus of sulfate reducing, anaerobic, endospore-forming, Gram-positive, thermophilic, motile, rod-shaped bacteria, isolated from an underground mining site in an area of Japan characterized by high geothermal activity.
See Endospore and Desulfovirgula
Detergent
A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with cleansing properties when in dilute solutions.
Dipicolinic acid
Dipicolinic acid (pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid or PDC and DPA) is a chemical compound which plays a role in the heat resistance of bacterial endospores.
See Endospore and Dipicolinic acid
Disinfectant
A disinfectant is a chemical substance or compound used to inactivate or destroy microorganisms on inert surfaces.
See Endospore and Disinfectant
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic is a North American country on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north.
See Endospore and Dominican Republic
Dormancy
Dormancy is a period in an organism's life cycle when growth, development, and (in animals) physical activity are temporarily stopped.
Ecological niche
In ecology, a niche is the match of a species to a specific environmental condition.
See Endospore and Ecological niche
Endoscope
An endoscope is an inspection instrument composed of image sensor, optical lens, light source and mechanical device, which is used to look deep into the body by way of openings such as the mouth or anus.
Endospore staining
Endospore staining is a technique used in bacteriology to identify the presence of endospores in a bacterial sample. Endospore and endospore staining are bacteriology.
See Endospore and Endospore staining
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene oxide is an organic compound with the formula. It is a cyclic ether and the simplest epoxide: a three-membered ring consisting of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms. Ethylene oxide is a colorless and flammable gas with a faintly sweet odor. Because it is a strained ring, ethylene oxide easily participates in a number of addition reactions that result in ring-opening.
See Endospore and Ethylene oxide
Exosporium
The exosporium is the outer surface layer of mature spores.
Ferdinand Cohn
Ferdinand Julius Cohn (24 January 1828 – 25 June 1898) was a German biologist.
See Endospore and Ferdinand Cohn
Filifactor
Filifactor, is a genus of bacteria in the family Peptostreptococcaceae.
Filobacillus
Filobacillus is a genus of bacteria within the phylum Bacillota.
See Endospore and Filobacillus
Gamma ray
A gamma ray, also known as gamma radiation (symbol), is a penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei.
Gelria (bacterium)
Gelria is a thermophilic, anaerobic, obligately syntrophic, glutamate-degrading, endospore-forming bacterial genus in the family Thermoanaerobacteraceae.
See Endospore and Gelria (bacterium)
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, proteins or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype.
See Endospore and Gene expression
Geobacillus
Geobacillus is a bacterial genus from the family of Bacillaceae.
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
Geobacillus stearothermophilus (previously Bacillus stearothermophilus) is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium and a member of the phylum Bacillota.
See Endospore and Geobacillus stearothermophilus
Geosporobacter
Geosporobacter is a bacterial genus from the family of Clostridiaceae.
See Endospore and Geosporobacter
Germination
Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or spore.
Gracilibacillus
Gracilibacillus is a genus of bacteria within the phylum Bacillota.
See Endospore and Gracilibacillus
Gram-positive bacteria
In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall. Endospore and gram-positive bacteria are bacteriology.
See Endospore and Gram-positive bacteria
Halobacillus
Halobacillus is a bacterial genus from the family of Bacillaceae.
See Endospore and Halobacillus
Ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation (US, ionising radiation in the UK), including nuclear radiation, consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that have sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules by detaching electrons from them.
See Endospore and Ionizing radiation
Laceyella
Laceyella is a Gram-positive, thermophilic, spore-forming and aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.
Lentibacillus
Lentibacillus is a Gram-variable bacterial genus from the family of Bacillaceae.
See Endospore and Lentibacillus
Lysinibacillus
Lysinibacillus is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae.
See Endospore and Lysinibacillus
Lysinibacillus sphaericus
Lysinibacillus sphaericus (previously known as Bacillus sphaericus) is a Gram-positive, mesophilic, rod-shaped bacterium commonly found on soil.
See Endospore and Lysinibacillus sphaericus
Lysozyme
Lysozyme (muramidase, N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase; systematic name peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase) is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system.
Mahella
Mahella is a genus in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria).
Metabacterium polyspora is an unusual multiple endospore-producing bacterium isolated from the cecum of guinea pigs.
See Endospore and Metabacterium
Microbial cyst
A microbial cyst is a resting or dormant stage of a microorganism, that can be thought of as a state of suspended animation in which the metabolic processes of the cell are slowed and the cell ceases all activities like feeding and locomotion.
See Endospore and Microbial cyst
Model organism
A model organism (often shortened to model) is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the model organism will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.
See Endospore and Model organism
Moeller stain
Moeller staining involves the use of a steamed dye reagent in order to increase the stainability of endospores. Endospore and Moeller stain are bacteriology.
See Endospore and Moeller stain
Molecule
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion.
Moorella (bacterium)
Moorella is a genus of bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacillota.
See Endospore and Moorella (bacterium)
Oceanobacillus
Oceanobacillus is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped and motile bacteria genus from the family of Bacillaceae with a peritrichous flagella.
See Endospore and Oceanobacillus
Orenia
Orenia is a genus of bacteria from the family of Halobacteroidaceae.
Ornithinibacillus
Ornithinibacillus is a Gram-positive and strictly aerobic genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae.
See Endospore and Ornithinibacillus
Oxalophagus
Oxalophagus is a genus of bacteria belonging to the Bacillota.
Oxobacter
Oxobacter is a genus of Gram-positive obligately anaerobic rod-shaped acetogenic bacteria.
Paenibacillus
Paenibacillus is a genus of facultative anaerobic, endospore-forming bacteria, originally included within the genus Bacillus and then reclassified as a separate genus in 1993.
See Endospore and Paenibacillus
Paraliobacillus
Paraliobacillus is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic and endospore-forming genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae.
See Endospore and Paraliobacillus
Pelospora
Pelospora is a Gram-negative strictly anaerobic and spore-forming bacterial genus from the family of Syntrophomonadaceae with one known species (Pelospora glutarica).
Pelotomaculum
Pelotomaculum is a Gram-positive strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, thermophilic and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Peptococcaceae.
See Endospore and Pelotomaculum
Peptidoglycan
Peptidoglycan or murein is a unique large macromolecule, a polysaccharide, consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer (sacculus) that surrounds the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane.
See Endospore and Peptidoglycan
Persister cells
Persister cells are subpopulations of cells that resist treatment, and become antimicrobial tolerant by changing to a state of dormancy or quiescence.
See Endospore and Persister cells
Piscibacillus
Piscibacillus is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae.
See Endospore and Piscibacillus
Planifilum
Planifilum is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.
Pontibacillus
Pontibacillus is a Gram-positive, spore-forming and strictly aerobic genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae.
See Endospore and Pontibacillus
Propionispora
Propionispora is a genus of Bacillota bacteria classified within the class Negativicutes.
See Endospore and Propionispora
Protoplast
Protoplast, is a biological term coined by Hanstein in 1880 to refer to the entire cell, excluding the cell wall.
Quaternary ammonium cation
In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group or organyl group.
See Endospore and Quaternary ammonium cation
Quorum sensing
In biology, quorum sensing or quorum signaling (QS) is the process of cell-to-cell communication that allows bacteria to detect and respond to cell population density by gene regulation, typically as a means of acclimating to environmental disadvantages. Endospore and quorum sensing are bacteriology.
See Endospore and Quorum sensing
Ribosome
Ribosomes are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis (messenger RNA translation).
RNA polymerase
In molecular biology, RNA polymerase (abbreviated RNAP or RNApol), or more specifically DNA-directed/dependent RNA polymerase (DdRP), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactions that synthesize RNA from a DNA template.
See Endospore and RNA polymerase
Salinibacillus
Salinibacillus is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae.
See Endospore and Salinibacillus
Salsuginibacillus
Salsuginibacillus is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae.
See Endospore and Salsuginibacillus
Schaeffer–Fulton stain
The Schaeffer–Fulton stain is a technique designed to isolate endospores by staining any present endospores green, and any other bacterial bodies red. Endospore and Schaeffer–Fulton stain are bacteriology.
See Endospore and Schaeffer–Fulton stain
Seinonella
Seinonella is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.
Septum
In biology, a septum (Latin for something that encloses;: septa) is a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones.
Shimazuella
Shimazuella is a Gram-positive, aerobic and mesophilic bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.
Sieve
A sieve, fine mesh strainer, or sift, is a tool used for separating wanted elements from unwanted material or for controlling the particle size distribution of a sample, using a screen such as a woven mesh or net or perforated sheet material.
Sigma factor
A sigma factor (σ factor or specificity factor) is a protein needed for initiation of transcription in bacteria.
See Endospore and Sigma factor
Species
A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.
Sporacetigenium
Sporacetigenium is a monotypic genus of bacteria in the family Peptostreptococcaceae.
See Endospore and Sporacetigenium
Spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual (in fungi) or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions.
Sporobacterium
Sporobacterium is a Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic and chemoorganotrophic bacterial genus from the family of Lachnospiraceae with one known species (Sporobacterium olearium).
See Endospore and Sporobacterium
Sporohalobacter
Sporohalobacter are a genus of anaerobic bacteria belonging to the family Haloanaerobiaceae.
See Endospore and Sporohalobacter
Sporolactobacillus
Sporolactobacillus is a genus of anaerobic, endospore-forming, gram-positive, motile, rod-shaped, lactic acid bacteria.
See Endospore and Sporolactobacillus
Sporomusa
Sporomusa is a genus of Bacillota bacteria classified within the class Negativicutes.
Sporosarcina
Sporosarcina is a genus of bacteria.
See Endospore and Sporosarcina
Syntrophomonas
Syntrophomonas is a bacterial genus from the family of Syntrophomonadaceae.
See Endospore and Syntrophomonas
Syntrophospora bryantii
Syntrophospora bryantii is a species of bacteria belonging to the family Syntrophomonadaceae.
See Endospore and Syntrophospora bryantii
Tenuibacillus
Tenuibacillus is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae.
See Endospore and Tenuibacillus
Tepidibacter
Tepidibacter is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae.
See Endospore and Tepidibacter
Terribacillus
Terribacillus is a Gram-positive and aerobic genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae.
See Endospore and Terribacillus
Tetanus
Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is a bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani and characterized by muscle spasms.
Thalassobacillus
Thalassobacillus is a Gram-positive, oxidase positive, catalase negative, rod shaped and moderately halophilic genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae.
See Endospore and Thalassobacillus
Thermoactinomycetaceae
The Thermoactinomycetaceae are a family of Gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria.
See Endospore and Thermoactinomycetaceae
Thermoanaerobacter
Thermoanaerobacter is a genus in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria).
See Endospore and Thermoanaerobacter
Thermoflavimicrobium
Thermoflavimicrobium is a Gram-positive, thermophilic, aerobic and chemoorganotroph bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.
See Endospore and Thermoflavimicrobium
Transcription factor
In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.
See Endospore and Transcription factor
Tyndallization
Tyndallization is a process from the nineteenth century for sterilizing substances, usually food, named after its inventor John Tyndall, that can be used to kill heat-resistant endospores.
See Endospore and Tyndallization
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.
Virgibacillus
Virgibacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped (bacillus) bacteria and a member of the phylum Bacillota.
See Endospore and Virgibacillus
Virgibacillus marismortui
Virgibacillus marismortui is a Gram-positive, moderately halophilic and rod-shaped bacterium which has been isolated from water from the Dead Sea.
See Endospore and Virgibacillus marismortui
X-ray
X-rays (or rarely, X-radiation) are a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation.
2001 anthrax attacks
The 2001 anthrax attacks, also known as Amerithrax (a combination of "America" and "anthrax", from its FBI case name), occurred in the United States over the course of several weeks beginning on September 18, 2001, one week after the September 11 terrorist attacks.
See Endospore and 2001 anthrax attacks
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endospore
Also known as Bacteria spores, Bacterial endospore, Bacterial endospores, Bacterial spore, Bacterial spores, Endospore-forming bacteria, Endospores.
, Disinfectant, DNA, Dominican Republic, Dormancy, Ecological niche, Endoscope, Endospore staining, Enzyme, Ethylene oxide, Exosporium, Ferdinand Cohn, Filifactor, Filobacillus, Gamma ray, Gelria (bacterium), Gene expression, Geobacillus, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Geosporobacter, Germination, Gracilibacillus, Gram-positive bacteria, Halobacillus, Ionizing radiation, Laceyella, Lentibacillus, Lysinibacillus, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Lysozyme, Mahella, Metabacterium, Microbial cyst, Model organism, Moeller stain, Molecule, Moorella (bacterium), Oceanobacillus, Orenia, Ornithinibacillus, Oxalophagus, Oxobacter, Paenibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Pelospora, Pelotomaculum, Peptidoglycan, Persister cells, Piscibacillus, Planifilum, Pontibacillus, Propionispora, Protoplast, Quaternary ammonium cation, Quorum sensing, Ribosome, RNA polymerase, Salinibacillus, Salsuginibacillus, Schaeffer–Fulton stain, Seinonella, Septum, Shimazuella, Sieve, Sigma factor, Species, Sporacetigenium, Spore, Sporobacterium, Sporohalobacter, Sporolactobacillus, Sporomusa, Sporosarcina, Syntrophomonas, Syntrophospora bryantii, Tenuibacillus, Tepidibacter, Terribacillus, Tetanus, Thalassobacillus, Thermoactinomycetaceae, Thermoanaerobacter, Thermoflavimicrobium, Transcription factor, Tyndallization, Ultraviolet, Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus marismortui, X-ray, 2001 anthrax attacks.