English alphabet, the Glossary
Modern English is written with a Latin-script alphabet consisting of 26 letters, with each having both uppercase and lowercase forms.[1]
Table of Contents
137 relations: A, Adjective, Aircraft, Alpha, Alphabet, American English, Ampersand, Anglo-Saxon runes, Anglo-Saxons, Ansuz (rune), Apostrophe, Æ, Œ, B, Benjamin Franklin's phonetic alphabet, Beta, British English, Byrhtferth, C, Carolingian G, Ch (digraph), Cherokee syllabary, Coelom, Compound (linguistics), Consonant, Contraction (grammar), D, Dash, Deseret alphabet, Diacritic, Diaeresis (diacritic), Digraph (orthography), E, Early Modern English, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Encyclopedia, Eng (letter), English in the Commonwealth of Nations, English language, English orthography, Eth, F, Faroese language, FF Dax, G, Geoffrey K. Pullum, Gh (digraph), Great Vowel Shift, Greek alphabet, H, ... Expand index (87 more) »
- English orthography
A
A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, and others worldwide.
Adjective
An adjective (abbreviated adj.) is a word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase.
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Aircraft
An aircraft (aircraft) is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air.
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Alpha
Alpha (uppercase, lowercase) is the first letter of the Greek alphabet.
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Alphabet
An alphabet is a standard set of letters written to represent particular sounds in a spoken language. English alphabet and alphabet are alphabets.
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American English
American English (AmE), sometimes called United States English or U.S. English, is the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States.
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Ampersand
The ampersand, also known as the and sign, is the logogram, representing the conjunction "and".
See English alphabet and Ampersand
Anglo-Saxon runes
Anglo-Saxon runes or Anglo-Frisian runes are runes that were used by the Anglo-Saxons and Medieval Frisians (collectively called Anglo-Frisians) as an alphabet in their native writing system, recording both Old English and Old Frisian (rūna, ᚱᚢᚾᚪ, "rune").
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Anglo-Saxons
The Anglo-Saxons, the English or Saxons of Britain, were a cultural group who spoke Old English and inhabited much of what is now England and south-eastern Scotland in the Early Middle Ages.
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Ansuz (rune)
Ansuz is the conventional name given to the a-rune of the Elder Futhark,.
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Apostrophe
The apostrophe is a punctuation mark, and sometimes a diacritical mark, in languages that use the Latin alphabet and some other alphabets. English alphabet and apostrophe are English orthography.
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Æ
Æ (lowercase: æ) is a character formed from the letters a and e, originally a ligature representing the Latin diphthong ae.
Œ
Œ (minuscule: œ) is a Latin alphabet grapheme, a ligature of o and e. In medieval and early modern Latin, it was used in borrowings from Greek that originally contained the diphthong οι, and in a few non-Greek words.
B
B, or b, is the second letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
Benjamin Franklin's phonetic alphabet
Benjamin Franklin's phonetic alphabet was Benjamin Franklin's proposal for a spelling reform of the English language.
See English alphabet and Benjamin Franklin's phonetic alphabet
Beta
Beta (uppercase, lowercase, or cursive; bē̂ta or víta) is the second letter of the Greek alphabet.
British English
British English is the set of varieties of the English language native to the island of Great Britain.
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Byrhtferth
Byrhtferth (Byrhtferð) was a priest and monk who lived at Ramsey Abbey in Huntingdonshire (now part of Cambridgeshire) in England.
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C
C, or c, is the third letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
Carolingian G
The Carolingian G or French G is the evolved classical form of the letter G that was in use in most Middle English alphabets.
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Ch (digraph)
Ch is a digraph in the Latin script.
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Cherokee syllabary
The Cherokee syllabary is a syllabary invented by Sequoyah in the late 1810s and early 1820s to write the Cherokee language.
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Coelom
The coelom (or celom) is the main body cavity in many animals and is positioned inside the body to surround and contain the digestive tract and other organs.
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Compound (linguistics)
In linguistics, a compound is a lexeme (less precisely, a word or sign) that consists of more than one stem.
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Consonant
In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract, except for the h, which is pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract.
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Contraction (grammar)
A contraction is a shortened version of the spoken and written forms of a word, syllable, or word group, created by omission of internal letters and sounds.
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D
D, or d, is the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
Dash
The dash is a punctuation mark consisting of a long horizontal line.
Deseret alphabet
The Deseret alphabet (Deseret: or) is a phonemic English-language spelling reform developed between 1847 and 1854 by the board of regents of the University of Deseret under the leadership of Brigham Young, the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). English alphabet and Deseret alphabet are alphabets and English orthography.
See English alphabet and Deseret alphabet
Diacritic
A diacritic (also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or accent) is a glyph added to a letter or to a basic glyph.
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Diaeresis (diacritic)
Diaeresis is a name for the two dots diacritical mark because of rendering limitation in Android (as of v13), that its default sans font fails to render "dotted circle + diacritic", so visitors just get a meaningless (to most) mark.
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Digraph (orthography)
A digraph or digram is a pair of characters used in the orthography of a language to write either a single phoneme (distinct sound), or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined.
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E
E, or e, is the fifth letter and the second vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
Early Modern English
Early Modern English (sometimes abbreviated EModEFor example, or EMnE) or Early New English (ENE) is the stage of the English language from the beginning of the Tudor period to the English Interregnum and Restoration, or from the transition from Middle English, in the late 15th century, to the transition to Modern English, in the mid-to-late 17th century.
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Egyptian hieroglyphs
Egyptian hieroglyphs were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt for writing the Egyptian language.
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Encyclopedia
An encyclopedia (American English) or encyclopaedia (British English) is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge, either general or special, in a particular field or discipline.
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Eng (letter)
Eng or engma (capital: Ŋ, lowercase: ŋ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, used to represent a voiced velar nasal (as in English sii) in the written form of some languages and in the International Phonetic Alphabet.
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English in the Commonwealth of Nations
The use of the English language in current and former member countries of the Commonwealth of Nations was largely inherited from British colonisation, with some exceptions.
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English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.
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English orthography
English orthography is the writing system used to represent spoken English, allowing readers to connect the graphemes to sound and to meaning.
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Eth
Eth (uppercase: Ð, lowercase: ð; also spelled edh or eð), known as ðæt in Old English, is a letter used in Old English, Middle English, Icelandic, Faroese (in which it is called edd), and Elfdalian.
F
F, or f, is the sixth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
Faroese language
Faroese is a North Germanic language spoken as a first language by about 69,000 Faroe Islanders, of which 21,000 reside mainly in Denmark and elsewhere.
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FF Dax
FF Dax is a humanist sans-serif typeface designed by Hans Reichel, published by FontFont library.
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G
G, or g, is the seventh letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages, and others worldwide.
Geoffrey K. Pullum
Geoffrey Keith Pullum (born 8 March 1945) is a British and American linguist specialising in the study of English.
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Gh (digraph)
Gh is a digraph found in many languages.
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Great Vowel Shift
The Great Vowel Shift was a series of changes in the pronunciation of the English language that took place primarily between 1400 and 1700, beginning in southern England and today having influenced effectively all dialects of English.
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Greek alphabet
The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BC. English alphabet and Greek alphabet are alphabets.
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H
H, or h, is the eighth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, including the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
Hiberno-English
Hiberno-English or Irish English (IrE), also formerly sometimes called Anglo-Irish, is the set of English dialects native to Ireland, here including the whole island: both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
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Homograph
A homograph (from the ὁμός, homós 'same' and γράφω, gráphō 'write') is a word that shares the same written form as another word but has a different meaning.
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Hyphen
The hyphen is a punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word.
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I
I, or i, is the ninth letter and the third vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
Icelandic language
Icelandic (íslenska) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken by about 314,000 people, the vast majority of whom live in Iceland, where it is the national language.
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Insular G
Insular G (majuscule: Ᵹ, minuscule: ᵹ) is a form of the letter g somewhat resembling an ezh, used in the medieval insular script of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Irish language
Irish (Standard Irish: Gaeilge), also known as Irish Gaelic or simply Gaelic, is a Goidelic language of the Insular Celtic branch of the Celtic language group, which is a part of the Indo-European language family.
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ISO basic Latin alphabet
The ISO basic Latin alphabet is an international standard (beginning with ISO/IEC 646) for a Latin-script alphabet that consists of two sets (uppercase and lowercase) of 26 letters, codified in various national and international standards and used widely in international communication. English alphabet and ISO basic Latin alphabet are Latin alphabets.
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J
J, or j, is the tenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
J. R. R. Tolkien
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (3 January 1892 – 2 September 1973) was an English writer and philologist.
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K
K, or k, is the eleventh letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
L
L, or l, is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
Languages of Europe
There are over 250 languages indigenous to Europe, and most belong to the Indo-European language family.
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Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet, also known as the Roman alphabet, is the collection of letters originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language.
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Latin script
The Latin script, also known as the Roman script, is a writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the Greek alphabet which was in use in the ancient Greek city of Cumae in Magna Graecia. English alphabet and Latin script are alphabets.
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Latin-script alphabet
A Latin-script alphabet (Latin alphabet or Roman alphabet) is an alphabet that uses letters of the Latin script. English alphabet and Latin-script alphabet are Latin alphabets.
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Letter (alphabet)
In a writing system, a letter is a grapheme that generally corresponds to a phoneme—the smallest functional unit of speech—though there is rarely total one-to-one correspondence between the two. English alphabet and letter (alphabet) are alphabets.
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Letter case
Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally majuscule) and smaller lowercase (or more formally minuscule) in the written representation of certain languages. English alphabet and letter case are alphabets.
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Ligature (writing)
In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined to form a single glyph.
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List of Latin-script digraphs
This is a list of digraphs used in various Latin alphabets.
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Loanword
A loanword (also a loan word, loan-word) is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing.
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Long s
The long s,, also known as the medial s or initial s, is an archaic form of the lowercase letter, found mostly in works from the late 8th to early 19th centuries.
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M
M, or m, is the thirteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
Marker (linguistics)
In linguistics, a marker is a free or bound morpheme that indicates the grammatical function of the marked word, phrase, or sentence.
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Mathematical Association of America
The Mathematical Association of America (MAA) is a professional society that focuses on mathematics accessible at the undergraduate level.
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Middle English
Middle English (abbreviated to ME) is a form of the English language that was spoken after the Norman Conquest of 1066, until the late 15th century.
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MIT Technology Review
MIT Technology Review is a bimonthly magazine wholly owned by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and editorially independent of the university.
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Modern English
Modern English, sometimes called New English (NE) or present-day English (PDE) as opposed to Middle and Old English, is the form of the English language that has been spoken since the Great Vowel Shift in England, which began in the late 14th century and was completed by the 17th century.
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Modern Humanities Research Association
The Modern Humanities Research Association (MHRA) is a United Kingdom–based international organisation that aims to encourage and promote advanced study and research of humanities.
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N
N, or n, is the fourteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages, and others worldwide.
NATO phonetic alphabet
The International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet or simply Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, commonly known as the NATO phonetic alphabet, is the most widely used set of clear-code words for communicating the letters of the Roman alphabet.
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Newfoundland English
Newfoundland English is any of several accents and dialects of Atlantic Canadian English found in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.
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O
O, or o, is the fifteenth letter and the fourth vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
Old English
Old English (Englisċ or Ænglisc), or Anglo-Saxon, was the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.
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Old Italic scripts
The Old Italic scripts are a family of ancient writing systems used in the Italian Peninsula between about 700 and 100 BC, for various languages spoken in that time and place.
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Osage script
The Osage script is a new script promulgated in 2006 and revised 2012–2014 for the Osage language. English alphabet and Osage script are alphabets.
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Othala
Othala, also known as ēðel and odal, is a rune that represents the o and œ phonemes in the Elder Futhark and the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc writing systems respectively.
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Oxford English Dictionary
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the principal historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP), a University of Oxford publishing house.
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P
P, or p, is the sixteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
Pangram
A pangram or holoalphabetic sentence is a sentence using every letter of a given alphabet at least once.
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Philippine English
Philippine English (similar and related to American English) is a variety of English native to the Philippines, including those used by the media and the vast majority of educated Filipinos and English learners in the Philippines from adjacent Asian countries.
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Phoenician alphabet
The Phoenician alphabet is an abjad (consonantal alphabet) used across the Mediterranean civilization of Phoenicia for most of the 1st millennium BC.
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Plural
The plural (sometimes abbreviated as pl., pl, or), in many languages, is one of the values of the grammatical category of number.
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Possessive
A possessive or ktetic form (abbreviated or; from possessivus; translit) is a word or grammatical construction indicating a relationship of possession in a broad sense.
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Proto-Sinaitic script
The Proto-Sinaitic script is a Middle Bronze Age writing system known from a small corpus of about 30-40 inscriptions and fragments from Serabit el-Khadim in the Sinai Peninsula, as well as two inscriptions from Wadi el-Hol in Middle Egypt.
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Proto-writing
Proto-writing consists of visible marks communicating limited information.
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Punctuation
Punctuation marks are marks indicating how a piece of written text should be read (silently or aloud) and, consequently, understood.
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Q
Q, or q, is the seventeenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
R
R, or r, is the eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
R rotunda
The r rotunda ⟨ ꝛ ⟩, "rounded r", is a historical calligraphic variant of the minuscule (lowercase) letter Latin r used in full script-like typefaces, especially blackletters.
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Received Pronunciation
Received Pronunciation (RP) is the accent traditionally regarded as the standard and most prestigious form of spoken British English.
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S
S, or s, is the nineteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
Scottish English
Scottish English (Beurla Albannach) is the set of varieties of the English language spoken in Scotland. The transregional, standardised variety is called Scottish Standard English or Standard Scottish English (SSE). Scottish Standard English may be defined as "the characteristic speech of the professional class and the accepted norm in schools".
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Semivowel
In phonetics and phonology, a semivowel, glide or semiconsonant is a sound that is phonetically similar to a vowel sound but functions as the syllable boundary, rather than as the nucleus of a syllable.
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Shavian alphabet
The Shavian alphabet (also known as the Shaw alphabet) is a constructed alphabet conceived as a way to provide simple, phonemic orthography for the English language to replace the inefficiencies and difficulties of conventional spelling using the Latin alphabet. English alphabet and Shavian alphabet are English orthography.
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Slash (punctuation)
The slash is the oblique slanting line punctuation mark.
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Sort (typesetting)
In typesetting, a sort or type is a block with a typographic character etched on it, used—when lined up with others—to print text.
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Spelling alphabet
A spelling alphabet (also called by various other names) is a set of words used to represent the letters of an alphabet in oral communication, especially over a two-way radio or telephone.
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Style guide
A style guide is a set of standards for the writing, formatting, and design of documents.
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Syllable
A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds, typically made up of a syllable nucleus (most often a vowel) with optional initial and final margins (typically, consonants).
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T
T, or t, is the twentieth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
Th (digraph)
Th is a digraph in the Latin script.
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The Chronicle of Higher Education
The Chronicle of Higher Education is an American newspaper and website that presents news, information, and jobs for college and university faculty and student affairs professionals, including staff members and administrators.
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The New Yorker
The New Yorker is an American magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry.
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Thorn (letter)
Thorn or þorn (Þ, þ) is a letter in the Old English, Old Norse, Old Swedish and modern Icelandic alphabets, as well as modern transliterations of the Gothic alphabet, Middle Scots, and some dialects of Middle English.
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Tironian notes
Tironian notes (notae Tironianae) are a form of thousands of signs that were formerly used in a system of shorthand (Tironian shorthand) dating from the 1st century BCE and named after Tiro, a personal secretary to Marcus Tullius Cicero, who is often credited as their inventor.
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Tone (linguistics)
Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning—that is, to distinguish or to inflect words.
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Tone number
Tone numbers are numerical digits used like letters to mark the tones of a language.
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Type design
Type design is the art and process of designing typefaces.
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Typeface
A typeface (or font family) is a design of letters, numbers and other symbols, to be used in printing or for electronic display.
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Typesetting
Typesetting is the composition of text for publication, display, or distribution by means of arranging physical ''type'' (or sort) in mechanical systems or glyphs in digital systems representing characters (letters and other symbols).
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U
U, or u, is the twenty-first letter and the fifth vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet and the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
V
V, or v, is the twenty-second letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
Voiced velar nasal
The voiced velar nasal, also known as eng, engma, or agma (from Greek ἆγμα 'fragment'), is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.
See English alphabet and Voiced velar nasal
Vowel
A vowel is a syllabic speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract.
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W
W, or w, is the twenty-third letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
Welsh language
Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg) is a Celtic language of the Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Welsh people.
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Wiley (publisher)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.
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Wye (rail)
In railroad structures and rail terminology, a wye (like the 'Y' glyph) or triangular junction (often shortened to just triangle) is a triangular joining arrangement of three rail lines with a railroad switch (set of points) at each corner connecting to the incoming lines.
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Wynn
Wynn or wyn (Ƿ ƿ; also spelled wen, win, ƿynn, ƿen, and ƿin) is a letter of the Old English alphabet, where it is used to represent the sound.
X
X, or x, is the twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
Y
Y, or y, is the twenty-fifth and penultimate letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.
Ye olde
"Ye olde" is a pseudo–Early Modern English phrase originally used to suggest a connection between a place or business and Merry England (or the medieval period).
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Yerba mate
Yerba mate or yerba-maté (Ilex paraguariensis; from Spanish; erva-mate, or; ka'a) is a plant species of the holly genus Ilex native to South America.
See English alphabet and Yerba mate
Yogh
The letter yogh (ȝogh) (Ȝ ȝ; Scots: yoch; Middle English: ȝogh) was used in Middle English and Older Scots, representing y and various velar phonemes.
Z
Z, or z, is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the Latin alphabet.
See also
English orthography
- African Spelling Bee
- Alexander Gill the Elder
- American and British English spelling differences
- Apostrophe
- Asia Spelling Cup
- Burmese respelling of the English alphabet
- Chinese respelling of the English alphabet
- Cockney Alphabet
- Deseret alphabet
- English alphabet
- English orthography
- English possessive
- English spelling reform
- English terms with diacritical marks
- English th
- Ghoti
- Hard and soft C
- Hard and soft G
- I before E except after C
- List of English homographs
- List of English words containing Q not followed by U
- List of English words that may be spelled with a ligature
- List of Scripps National Spelling Bee champions
- List of the longest English words with one syllable
- Ough (orthography)
- Oxford spelling
- Pronunciation respelling for English
- Proper adjective
- Scripps National Spelling Bee
- Shavian alphabet
- Silent e
- Silent k and g
- Silent letter
- Spelling of disc
- The Chaos
- The Sound Pattern of English
- Three-letter rule
- Unifon
- William Bullokar
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_alphabet
Also known as English Latin, English letters, Latin alphabet for English, Letters of the English alphabet.
, Hiberno-English, Homograph, Hyphen, I, Icelandic language, Insular G, Irish language, ISO basic Latin alphabet, J, J. R. R. Tolkien, K, L, Languages of Europe, Latin, Latin alphabet, Latin script, Latin-script alphabet, Letter (alphabet), Letter case, Ligature (writing), List of Latin-script digraphs, Loanword, Long s, M, Marker (linguistics), Mathematical Association of America, Middle English, MIT Technology Review, Modern English, Modern Humanities Research Association, N, NATO phonetic alphabet, Newfoundland English, O, Old English, Old Italic scripts, Osage script, Othala, Oxford English Dictionary, P, Pangram, Philippine English, Phoenician alphabet, Plural, Possessive, Proto-Sinaitic script, Proto-writing, Punctuation, Q, R, R rotunda, Received Pronunciation, S, Scottish English, Semivowel, Shavian alphabet, Slash (punctuation), Sort (typesetting), Spelling alphabet, Style guide, Syllable, T, Th (digraph), The Chronicle of Higher Education, The New Yorker, Thorn (letter), Tironian notes, Tone (linguistics), Tone number, Type design, Typeface, Typesetting, U, V, Voiced velar nasal, Vowel, W, Welsh language, Wiley (publisher), Wye (rail), Wynn, X, Y, Ye olde, Yerba mate, Yogh, Z.