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Environmental economics, the Glossary

Index Environmental economics

Environmental economics is a sub-field of economics concerned with environmental issues.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 124 relations: Agroecology, Air pollution, Allen V. Kneese, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Anti-globalization movement, Arbitrage, Arthur Cecil Pigou, Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, Biodiversity, Bioregionalism, Capital (economics), Capitalism, Carbon cycle, Carbon fee and dividend, Carbon-neutral fuel, Choice modelling, Circular economy, Climate change, Climate change mitigation, Climate finance, Climate risk, Coase theorem, Common-pool resource, Communism, Conoco, Contingent valuation, Cost–benefit analysis, Desertification, Development economics, Earth Economics, Eco commerce, Eco-capitalism, Eco-socialism, Eco-tariff, Ecological economics, Ecology, Ecometrics, Economic analysis of climate change, Economics, Ecopreneurship, Ecosystem Marketplace, Ecosystem service, Elinor Ostrom, Emissions trading, Energy economics, Energy transition, Environmental accounting, Environmental credit crunch, Environmental degradation, Environmental economics, ... Expand index (74 more) »

Agroecology

Agroecology (IPA) is an academic discipline that studies ecological processes applied to agricultural production systems. Environmental economics and Agroecology are environmental social science.

See Environmental economics and Agroecology

Air pollution

Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances called pollutants in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials.

See Environmental economics and Air pollution

Allen V. Kneese

Allan Victor Kneese (5 April 1930, Fredericksburg, Texas - 14 March 2001) was a pioneer in what came to be called environmental economics.

See Environmental economics and Allen V. Kneese

Annual Review of Environment and Resources

The Annual Review of Environment and Resources is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes review articles about environmental science and environmental engineering.

See Environmental economics and Annual Review of Environment and Resources

Anti-globalization movement

The anti-globalization movement, or counter-globalization movement, is a social movement critical of economic globalization.

See Environmental economics and Anti-globalization movement

Arbitrage

In economics and finance, arbitrage is the practice of taking advantage of a difference in prices in two or more marketsstriking a combination of matching deals to capitalize on the difference, the profit being the difference between the market prices at which the unit is traded.

See Environmental economics and Arbitrage

Arthur Cecil Pigou

Arthur Cecil Pigou (18 November 1877 – 7 March 1959) was an English economist.

See Environmental economics and Arthur Cecil Pigou

Association of Environmental and Resource Economists

The Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (AERE) was founded in 1979 in the United States as a means of exchanging ideas, stimulating research, and promoting graduate training in environmental and natural resource economics.

See Environmental economics and Association of Environmental and Resource Economists

Biodiversity

Biodiversity (or biological diversity) is the variety and variability of life on Earth.

See Environmental economics and Biodiversity

Bioregionalism

Bioregionalism is a philosophy that suggests that political, cultural, and economic systems are more sustainable and just if they are organized around naturally defined areas called bioregions, similar to ecoregions.

See Environmental economics and Bioregionalism

Capital (economics)

In economics, capital goods or capital are "those durable produced goods that are in turn used as productive inputs for further production" of goods and services.

See Environmental economics and Capital (economics)

Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.

See Environmental economics and Capitalism

Carbon cycle

The carbon cycle is that part of the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of Earth.

See Environmental economics and Carbon cycle

Carbon fee and dividend

A carbon fee and dividend or climate income is a system to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and address climate change.

See Environmental economics and Carbon fee and dividend

Carbon-neutral fuel

Carbon-neutral fuel is fuel which produces no net-greenhouse gas emissions or carbon footprint.

See Environmental economics and Carbon-neutral fuel

Choice modelling

Choice modelling attempts to model the decision process of an individual or segment via revealed preferences or stated preferences made in a particular context or contexts.

See Environmental economics and Choice modelling

Circular economy

A circular economy (also referred to as circularity or CE) is a model of resource production and consumption in any economy that involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing, and recycling existing materials and products for as long as possible.

See Environmental economics and Circular economy

Climate change

In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system.

See Environmental economics and Climate change

Climate change mitigation

Climate change mitigation (or decarbonisation) is action to limit the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that cause climate change.

See Environmental economics and Climate change mitigation

Climate finance

Climate finance is an umbrella term for financial resources such as loans, grants, or domestic budget allocations for climate change mitigation, adaptation or resiliency.

See Environmental economics and Climate finance

Climate risk

Climate risk is the potential for problems for societies or ecosystems from the impacts of climate change.

See Environmental economics and Climate risk

Coase theorem

In law and economics, the Coase theorem describes the economic efficiency of an economic allocation or outcome in the presence of externalities. Environmental economics and Coase theorem are market failure.

See Environmental economics and Coase theorem

Common-pool resource

In economics, a common-pool resource (CPR) is a type of good consisting of a natural or human-made resource system (e.g. an irrigation system or fishing grounds), whose size or characteristics makes it costly, but not impossible, to exclude potential beneficiaries from obtaining benefits from its use. Environmental economics and common-pool resource are market failure.

See Environmental economics and Common-pool resource

Communism

Communism (from Latin label) is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need.

See Environmental economics and Communism

Conoco

Conoco, formerly known as Continental Oil, is an American petroleum brand that is operating under the ownership of the Phillips 66 Company since 2012 and is headquartered in Houston, Texas.

See Environmental economics and Conoco

Contingent valuation

Contingent valuation is a survey-based economic technique for the valuation of non-market resources, such as environmental preservation or the impact of externalities like pollution.

See Environmental economics and Contingent valuation

Cost–benefit analysis

Cost–benefit analysis (CBA), sometimes also called benefit–cost analysis, is a systematic approach to estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives.

See Environmental economics and Cost–benefit analysis

Desertification

Desertification is a type of gradual land degradation of fertile land into arid desert due to a combination of natural processes and human activities.

See Environmental economics and Desertification

Development economics

Development economics is a branch of economics that deals with economic aspects of the development process in low- and middle- income countries.

See Environmental economics and Development economics

Earth Economics

Earth Economics is a 501(c)(3) non-profit formally established in 2004 and headquartered in Tacoma, Washington, United States. Environmental economics and Earth Economics are Industrial ecology.

See Environmental economics and Earth Economics

Eco commerce

Eco commerce is a business, investment, and technology-development model that employs market-based solutions to balancing the world's energy needs and environmental integrity.

See Environmental economics and Eco commerce

Eco-capitalism

Eco-capitalism, also known as environmental capitalism or (sometimes) green capitalism, is the view that capital exists in nature as "natural capital" (ecosystems that have ecological yield) on which all wealth depends.

See Environmental economics and Eco-capitalism

Eco-socialism (also known as green socialism, socialist ecology, ecological materialism, or revolutionary ecology) is an ideology merging aspects of socialism with that of green politics, ecology and alter-globalization or anti-globalization.

See Environmental economics and Eco-socialism

Eco-tariff

An eco-tariff, also known as an environmental tariff or carbon tariff, is a trade barrier for the purpose of reducing pollution and improving the environment.

See Environmental economics and Eco-tariff

Ecological economics

Ecological economics, bioeconomics, ecolonomy, eco-economics, or ecol-econ is both a transdisciplinary and an interdisciplinary field of academic research addressing the interdependence and coevolution of human economies and natural ecosystems, both intertemporally and spatially. Environmental economics and Ecological economics are environmental social science and Industrial ecology.

See Environmental economics and Ecological economics

Ecology

Ecology is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment.

See Environmental economics and Ecology

Ecometrics

Ecometrics is the quantitative analysis of economic, environmental, and societal systems based on the concurrent development of empirical theory, related by appropriate methods of inference in attempts to create more sustainable systems.

See Environmental economics and Ecometrics

Economic analysis of climate change

Economic analysis of climate change is about using economic tools and models to calculate the magnitude and distribution of damages caused by climate change.

See Environmental economics and Economic analysis of climate change

Economics

Economics is a social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

See Environmental economics and Economics

Ecopreneurship

Ecopreneurship is a term coined to represent the process of principles of entrepreneurship being applied to create businesses that solve environmental problems or operate sustainably.

See Environmental economics and Ecopreneurship

Ecosystem Marketplace

Ecosystem Marketplace, an initiative of Forest Trends, is a non-profit organization based in Washington, DC, that focuses on increasing transparency and providing information for ecosystem services and payment schemes.

See Environmental economics and Ecosystem Marketplace

Ecosystem service

Ecosystem services are the various benefits that humans derive from healthy ecosystems.

See Environmental economics and Ecosystem service

Elinor Ostrom

Elinor Claire "Lin" Ostrom (née Awan; August 7, 1933 – June 12, 2012) was an American political scientist and political economist whose work was associated with New Institutional Economics and the resurgence of political economy.

See Environmental economics and Elinor Ostrom

Emissions trading

Emissions trading is a market-based approach to controlling pollution by providing economic incentives for reducing the emissions of pollutants.

See Environmental economics and Emissions trading

Energy economics

Energy economics is a broad scientific subject area which includes topics related to supply and use of energy in societies. Environmental economics and energy economics are environmental social science.

See Environmental economics and Energy economics

Energy transition

An energy transition (or energy system transformation) is a major structural change to energy supply and consumption in an energy system.

See Environmental economics and Energy transition

Environmental accounting

Environmental accounting is a subset of accounting proper, its target being to incorporate both economic and environmental information.

See Environmental economics and Environmental accounting

Environmental credit crunch

The term environmental credit crunch refers to a crisis (which may be economic in origin) which exposes humanity's inability to indefinitely consume finite natural resources in order to sustain economic activity and a standard of living.

See Environmental economics and Environmental credit crunch

Environmental degradation

Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as quality of air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems; habitat destruction; the extinction of wildlife; and pollution.

See Environmental economics and Environmental degradation

Environmental economics

Environmental economics is a sub-field of economics concerned with environmental issues. Environmental economics and environmental economics are environmental social science, Industrial ecology and market failure.

See Environmental economics and Environmental economics

Environmental enterprise

An environmental enterprise is an environmentally friendly/compatible business.

See Environmental economics and Environmental enterprise

Environmental finance

Environmental finance is a field within finance that employs market-based environmental policy instruments to improve the ecological impact of investment strategies.

See Environmental economics and Environmental finance

Environmental Investment Organisation

The Environmental Investment Organisation (EIO) is a UK-based not-for-profit body dedicated to researching, proposing and implementing solutions to climate change.

See Environmental economics and Environmental Investment Organisation

Environmental issues

Environmental issues are disruptions in the usual function of ecosystems.

See Environmental economics and Environmental issues

Environmental law

Environmental laws are laws that protect the environment. Environmental economics and Environmental law are environmental social science.

See Environmental economics and Environmental law

Environmental policy

Environmental policy is the commitment of an organization or government to the laws, regulations, and other policy mechanisms concerning environmental issues. Environmental economics and environmental policy are environmental social science.

See Environmental economics and Environmental policy

Environmental pricing reform

Environmental pricing reform (EPR) or Ecological fiscal reform (EFR) is a fiscal policy of adjusting market prices to account for environmental costs and benefits; this is accomplished by the utilization of any forms of taxation or subsidy to incentivize or disincentivize practices with environmental impacts.

See Environmental economics and Environmental pricing reform

Environmental tax

An environmental tax, ecotax (short for ecological taxation), or green tax is a tax levied on activities which are considered to be harmful to the environment and is intended to promote environmentally friendly activities via economic incentives.

See Environmental economics and Environmental tax

Equity (economics)

Equity, or economic equality, is the construct, concept or idea of fairness in economics and justice in the distribution of wealth, resources, and taxation within a society.

See Environmental economics and Equity (economics)

Ethical banking

An ethical bank, also known as a social, alternative, civic, or sustainable bank, is a bank concerned with the social and environmental impacts of its investments and loans.

See Environmental economics and Ethical banking

Externality

In economics, an externality or external cost is an indirect cost or benefit to an uninvolved third party that arises as an effect of another party's (or parties') activity. Environmental economics and externality are market failure.

See Environmental economics and Externality

Fair trade

Fair trade is a term for an arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve sustainable and equitable trade relationships.

See Environmental economics and Fair trade

Fiscal environmentalism

Fiscal Environmentalism is a hybrid term of two traditional and often conflicting philosophies, environmentalism and fiscal conservatism, created to emphasize the growing understanding of the middle ground between the two, where the goals of each are simultaneously fulfilled.

See Environmental economics and Fiscal environmentalism

Free-market environmentalism

Free-market environmentalism argues that the free market, property rights, and tort law provide the best means of preserving the environment, internalizing pollution costs, and conserving resources.

See Environmental economics and Free-market environmentalism

Free-rider problem

In economics, the free-rider problem is a type of market failure that occurs when those who benefit from resources, public goods and common pool resources do not pay for them or under-pay. Environmental economics and free-rider problem are market failure.

See Environmental economics and Free-rider problem

Garrett Hardin

Garrett James Hardin (April 21, 1915 – September 14, 2003) was an American ecologist and microbiologist.

See Environmental economics and Garrett Hardin

Globalization

Globalization, or globalisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.

See Environmental economics and Globalization

Green anarchism

Green anarchism, also known as ecological anarchism or eco-anarchism, is an anarchist school of thought that focuses on ecology and environmental issues.

See Environmental economics and Green anarchism

Green economy

A green economy is an economy that aims at reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities, and that aims for sustainable development without degrading the environment. Environmental economics and green economy are Industrial ecology.

See Environmental economics and Green economy

Green libertarianism

Green libertarianism is a form of green politics.

See Environmental economics and Green libertarianism

Green trading

Green trading encompasses all forms of environmental financial trading, including carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide (acid rain), nitrogen oxide (ozone), renewable energy credits, and energy efficiency (negawatts).

See Environmental economics and Green trading

Hedonic regression

In economics, hedonic regression, also sometimes called hedonic demand theory, is a revealed preference method for estimating demand or value.

See Environmental economics and Hedonic regression

International Society for Ecological Economics

The International Society for Ecological Economics (ISEE) was founded in 1989, based heavily on the work of Herman Daly to promote ecological economics and assist ecological economists and related societies. Environmental economics and International Society for Ecological Economics are environmental social science.

See Environmental economics and International Society for Ecological Economics

Invisible hand

The invisible hand is a metaphor inspired by the Scottish moral philosopher Adam Smith that describes the incentives which free markets sometimes create for self-interested people to act unintentionally in the public interest.

See Environmental economics and Invisible hand

ISO 14000 family

The ISO 14000 family of standards by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) relate to environmental management that exists to help organizations (a) minimize how their operations (processes, etc.) negatively affect the environment (i.e. cause adverse changes to air, water, or land); (b) comply with applicable laws, regulations, and other environmentally oriented requirements; and (c) continually improve in the above.

See Environmental economics and ISO 14000 family

James Meade

James Edward Meade (23 June 1907 – 22 December 1995) was a British economist who made major contributions to the theory of international trade and welfare economics.

See Environmental economics and James Meade

Jevons paradox

In economics, the Jevons paradox (sometimes Jevons effect) occurs when technological progress increases the efficiency with which a resource is used (reducing the amount necessary for any one use), but the falling cost of use induces increases in demand enough that resource use is increased, rather than reduced. Environmental economics and Jevons paradox are Industrial ecology.

See Environmental economics and Jevons paradox

Kenneth Arrow

Kenneth Joseph Arrow (August 23, 1921 – February 21, 2017) was an American economist, mathematician, writer, and political theorist.

See Environmental economics and Kenneth Arrow

Knut Wicksell

Johan Gustaf Knut Wicksell (December 20, 1851 – May 3, 1926) was a Swedish economist of the Stockholm school.

See Environmental economics and Knut Wicksell

Law and economics

Law and economics, or economic analysis of law, is the application of microeconomic theory to the analysis of law.

See Environmental economics and Law and economics

List of environmental economics journals

This is a list of articles about scholarly journals in ecological, resource and environmental economics.

See Environmental economics and List of environmental economics journals

Local currency

In economics, a local currency is a currency that can be spent in a particular geographical locality at participating organisations.

See Environmental economics and Local currency

Market failure

In neoclassical economics, market failure is a situation in which the allocation of goods and services by a free market is not Pareto efficient, often leading to a net loss of economic value.

See Environmental economics and Market failure

Michael Greenstone

Michael Greenstone is an American economist and the Milton Friedman Distinguished Service Professor in Economics, the College, and the Harris School of Public Policy at the University of Chicago.

See Environmental economics and Michael Greenstone

Money supply

In macroeconomics, money supply (or money stock) refers to the total volume of money held by the public at a particular point in time.

See Environmental economics and Money supply

Murray Bookchin

Murray Bookchin (January 14, 1921 – July 30, 2006) was an American social theorist, author, orator, historian, and political philosopher. Influenced by G. W. F. Hegel, Karl Marx, and Peter Kropotkin, he was a pioneer in the environmental movement.

See Environmental economics and Murray Bookchin

Natural capital

Natural capital is the world's stock of natural resources, which includes geology, soils, air, water and all living organisms.

See Environmental economics and Natural capital

Natural Capitalism

Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution is a 1999 book on environmental economics co-authored by Paul Hawken, Amory Lovins and Hunter Lovins.

See Environmental economics and Natural Capitalism

Natural environment

The natural environment or natural world encompasses all biotic and abiotic things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial.

See Environmental economics and Natural environment

Natural resource

Natural resources are resources that are drawn from nature and used with few modifications.

See Environmental economics and Natural resource

Natural resource economics

Natural resource economics deals with the supply, demand, and allocation of the Earth's natural resources.

See Environmental economics and Natural resource economics

Nitrogen cycle

The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems.

See Environmental economics and Nitrogen cycle

Overexploitation

Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns.

See Environmental economics and Overexploitation

Oxygen cycle

Oxygen cycle refers to the movement of oxygen through the atmosphere (air), biosphere (plants and animals) and the lithosphere (the Earth’s crust).

See Environmental economics and Oxygen cycle

Pareto efficiency

In welfare economics, a Pareto improvement formalizes the idea of an outcome being "better in every possible way".

See Environmental economics and Pareto efficiency

Paul Davidson (economist)

Paul Davidson (October 23, 1930 – June 20, 2024) was an American macroeconomist who has been one of the leading spokesmen of the American branch of the post-Keynesian school in economics.

See Environmental economics and Paul Davidson (economist)

Pigouvian tax

A Pigouvian tax (also spelled Pigovian tax) is a tax on any market activity that generates negative externalities (i.e., external costs incurred by third parties that are not included in the market price). Environmental economics and Pigouvian tax are market failure.

See Environmental economics and Pigouvian tax

Political economy

Political economy is a branch of political science and economics studying economic systems (e.g. markets and national economies) and their governance by political systems (e.g. law, institutions, and government).

See Environmental economics and Political economy

Pollution

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change.

See Environmental economics and Pollution

Porter hypothesis

According to the Porter hypothesis, strict environmental regulations can induce efficiency and encourage innovations that help improve commercial competitiveness.

See Environmental economics and Porter hypothesis

Price system

In economics, a price system is a system through which the valuations of any forms of property (tangible or intangible) are determined.

See Environmental economics and Price system

Property rights (economics)

Property rights are constructs in economics for determining how a resource or economic good is used and owned, which have developed over ancient and modern history, from Abrahamic law to Article 17 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

See Environmental economics and Property rights (economics)

Public good (economics)

In economics, a public good (also referred to as a social good or collective good)Oakland, W. H. (1987). Environmental economics and public good (economics) are market failure.

See Environmental economics and Public good (economics)

Race to the bottom

Race to the bottom is a socio-economic phrase to describe either government deregulation of the business environment or reduction in corporate tax rates, in order to attract or retain economic activity in their jurisdictions.

See Environmental economics and Race to the bottom

Renewable resource

A renewable resource (also known as a flow resource) is a natural resource which will replenish to replace the portion depleted by usage and consumption, either through natural reproduction or other recurring processes in a finite amount of time in a human time scale.

See Environmental economics and Renewable resource

Right to property

The right to property, or the right to own property (cf. ownership), is often classified as a human right for natural persons regarding their possessions.

See Environmental economics and Right to property

Risk assessment

Risk assessment determines possible mishaps, their likelihood and consequences, and the tolerances for such events.

See Environmental economics and Risk assessment

Rivalry (economics)

In economics, a good is said to be rivalrous or a rival if its consumption by one consumer prevents simultaneous consumption by other consumers, or if consumption by one party reduces the ability of another party to consume it.

See Environmental economics and Rivalry (economics)

Schools of economic thought

In the history of economic thought, a school of economic thought is a group of economic thinkers who share or shared a mutual perspective on the way economies function.

See Environmental economics and Schools of economic thought

Society

A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.

See Environmental economics and Society

Strategic sustainable investing

Strategic sustainable investing (SSI) is an investment strategy that recognizes and rewards leading companies that are moving society towards sustainability.

See Environmental economics and Strategic sustainable investing

Sustainability

Sustainability is a social goal for people to co-exist on Earth over a long time.

See Environmental economics and Sustainability

Sustainable development

Sustainable development is an approach to growth and human development that aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

See Environmental economics and Sustainable development

Systems ecology

Systems ecology is an interdisciplinary field of ecology, a subset of Earth system science, that takes a holistic approach to the study of ecological systems, especially ecosystems. Environmental economics and systems ecology are environmental social science.

See Environmental economics and Systems ecology

Tax

A tax is a mandatory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed on a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) by a governmental organization to collectively fund government spending, public expenditures, or as a way to regulate and reduce negative externalities.

See Environmental economics and Tax

The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics

The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (2018), 3rd ed., is a twenty-volume reference work on economics published by Palgrave Macmillan.

See Environmental economics and The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics

Tragedy of the commons

The tragedy of the commons is the concept which states that if many people enjoy unfettered access to a finite, valuable resource such as a pasture, they will tend to overuse it and may end up destroying its value altogether. Environmental economics and tragedy of the commons are market failure.

See Environmental economics and Tragedy of the commons

Transaction cost

In economics, a transaction cost is a cost incurred when making an economic trade when participating in a market.

See Environmental economics and Transaction cost

Travel cost analysis

The travel cost method of economic valuation, travel cost analysis, or Clawson method is a revealed preference method of economic valuation used in cost–benefit analysis to calculate the value of something that cannot be obtained through market prices (i.e. national parks, beaches, ecosystems).

See Environmental economics and Travel cost analysis

Wallace E. Oates

Wallace E. Oates (March 21, 1937 – October 30, 2015) was a Distinguished University Professor of Economics at the University of Maryland.

See Environmental economics and Wallace E. Oates

Water cycle

The water cycle (or hydrologic cycle or hydrological cycle), is a biogeochemical cycle that involves the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.

See Environmental economics and Water cycle

Water quality

Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage.

See Environmental economics and Water quality

Willingness to pay

In behavioral economics, willingness to pay (WTP) is the maximum price at or below which a consumer will definitely buy one unit of a product.

See Environmental economics and Willingness to pay

World Ecological Forum

The World Ecological Forum is an independent and non-profit organization that is headquartered in Visby, Gotland, the biggest island in Sweden.

See Environmental economics and World Ecological Forum

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_economics

Also known as Eco-money, Environmental cost, Environmental costs, Environmental economist, Environmental economists, Environmental externality, Viable (Environmental economics).

, Environmental enterprise, Environmental finance, Environmental Investment Organisation, Environmental issues, Environmental law, Environmental policy, Environmental pricing reform, Environmental tax, Equity (economics), Ethical banking, Externality, Fair trade, Fiscal environmentalism, Free-market environmentalism, Free-rider problem, Garrett Hardin, Globalization, Green anarchism, Green economy, Green libertarianism, Green trading, Hedonic regression, International Society for Ecological Economics, Invisible hand, ISO 14000 family, James Meade, Jevons paradox, Kenneth Arrow, Knut Wicksell, Law and economics, List of environmental economics journals, Local currency, Market failure, Michael Greenstone, Money supply, Murray Bookchin, Natural capital, Natural Capitalism, Natural environment, Natural resource, Natural resource economics, Nitrogen cycle, Overexploitation, Oxygen cycle, Pareto efficiency, Paul Davidson (economist), Pigouvian tax, Political economy, Pollution, Porter hypothesis, Price system, Property rights (economics), Public good (economics), Race to the bottom, Renewable resource, Right to property, Risk assessment, Rivalry (economics), Schools of economic thought, Society, Strategic sustainable investing, Sustainability, Sustainable development, Systems ecology, Tax, The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, Tragedy of the commons, Transaction cost, Travel cost analysis, Wallace E. Oates, Water cycle, Water quality, Willingness to pay, World Ecological Forum.