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Environmental issues in the Niger Delta, the Glossary

141 relations: Acid rain, Africa, Agriculture, Aquaculture, Asbestos, Asbestosis, Asthma, Bacteria, Barrier island, Bayelsa State, Benzene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Big Oil, Biodiversity, Bioremediation, Black market, Brackish water, Bronwen Manby, Bunkering, Cancer, Carbon dioxide, Carcinogen, Cellular respiration, Chrysopogon zizanioides, Climate change, Conflict in the Niger Delta, Corrosion, Cubic metre, Dam, Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Democracy, Detoxification, Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, Drainage basin, Dredging, Ecocide, Ecology, Ecosystem, Endemism, Energy Information Administration, Environmental degradation, Environmental justice, Environmental remediation, Ethnicity, European Union, Extraction of petroleum, ExxonMobil, Fauna, Fiber, Fish, ... Expand index (91 more) »
Disasters in Nigeria
Environmental issues in Nigeria
Man-made disasters in Nigeria
Natural disasters in Nigeria
Niger River Delta

Acid rain

Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH).

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Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.

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Agriculture

Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry for food and non-food products.

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Aquaculture (less commonly spelled aquiculture), also known as aquafarming, is the controlled cultivation ("farming") of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, mollusks, algae and other organisms of value such as aquatic plants (e.g. lotus).

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Asbestos

Asbestos is a naturally occurring fibrous silicate mineral.

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Asbestosis

Asbestosis is long-term inflammation and scarring of the lungs due to asbestos fibers.

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Asthma

Asthma is a long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.

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Bacteria

Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.

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Barrier island

Barrier islands are a coastal landform, a type of dune system and sand island, where an area of sand has been formed by wave and tidal action parallel to the mainland coast.

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Bayelsa State

Bayelsa is a state in the South South region of Nigeria, located in the core of the Niger Delta.

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Benzene

Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon. Benzene is a natural constituent of petroleum and is one of the elementary petrochemicals.

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Benzo(a)pyrene

Benzopyrene (BaP or BP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the result of incomplete combustion of organic matter at temperatures between and.

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Big Oil

Big Oil is a name sometimes used to describe the world's six or seven largest publicly traded and investor-owned oil and gas companies, also known as supermajors.

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Biodiversity

Biodiversity (or biological diversity) is the variety and variability of life on Earth.

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Bioremediation broadly refers to any process wherein a biological system (typically bacteria, microalgae, fungi in mycoremediation, and plants in phytoremediation), living or dead, is employed for removing environmental pollutants from air, water, soil, flue gasses, industrial effluents etc., in natural or artificial settings.

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Black market

A black market, underground economy, or shadow economy is a clandestine market or series of transactions that has some aspect of illegality or is not compliant with an institutional set of rules.

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Brackish water

Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater.

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Bronwen Manby

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Bunkering

Bunkering is the supplying of fuel for use by ships (such fuel is referred to as bunker), including the logistics of loading and distributing the fuel among available shipboard tanks.

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Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

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Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.

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Carcinogen

A carcinogen is any agent that promotes the development of cancer.

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Cellular respiration

Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidized in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive the bulk production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which contains energy.

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Chrysopogon zizanioides

Chrysopogon zizanioides, commonly known as vetiver and khus, is a perennial bunchgrass of the family Poaceae.

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Climate change

In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system.

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Conflict in the Niger Delta

The current conflict in the Niger Delta first arose in the early 1990s over tensions between foreign oil corporations and a number of the Niger Delta's minority ethnic groups who feel they are being exploited, particularly the Ogoni and the Ijaw. Environmental issues in the Niger Delta and conflict in the Niger Delta are Niger River Delta.

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Corrosion

Corrosion is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable oxide.

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Cubic metre

The cubic metre (in Commonwealth English and international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures) or cubic meter (in American English) is the unit of volume in the International System of Units (SI).

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Dam

A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of surface water or underground streams.

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Deepwater Horizon oil spill

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (also referred to as the "BP oil spill") was an environmental disaster which began on 20 April 2010, off the coast of the United States in the Gulf of Mexico on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect, considered the largest marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry and estimated to be 8 to 31 percent larger in volume than the previous largest, the Ixtoc I oil spill, also in the Gulf of Mexico.

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Democracy

Democracy (from dēmokratía, dēmos 'people' and kratos 'rule') is a system of government in which state power is vested in the people or the general population of a state.

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Detoxification

Detoxification or detoxication (detox for short) is the physiological or medicinal removal of toxic substances from a living organism, including the human body, which is mainly carried out by the liver.

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Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds

Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) are a group of chemical compounds that are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment.

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Drainage basin

A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean.

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Dredging

Dredging is the excavation of material from a water environment.

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Ecocide

Ecocide (from Greek oikos "home" and Latin cadere "to kill") is the destruction of the environment by humans. Environmental issues in the Niger Delta and Ecocide are environmental justice.

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Ecology

Ecology is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment.

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Ecosystem

An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system that environments and their organisms form through their interaction.

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Endemism

Endemism is the state of a species only being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere.

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Energy Information Administration

The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System responsible for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating energy information to promote sound policymaking, efficient markets, and public understanding of energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment.

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Environmental degradation

Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as quality of air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems; habitat destruction; the extinction of wildlife; and pollution.

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Environmental justice

Environmental justice or eco-justice, is a social movement to address environmental injustice, which occurs when poor or marginalized communities are harmed by hazardous waste, resource extraction, and other land uses from which they do not benefit.

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Environmental remediation is the cleanup of hazardous substances dealing with the removal, treatment and containment of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil, groundwater, sediment.

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Ethnicity

An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people who identify with each other on the basis of perceived shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Petroleum is a fossil fuel that can be drawn from beneath the Earth's surface.

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ExxonMobil

ExxonMobil Corporation (commonly shortened to Exxon) is an American multinational oil and gas corporation and the largest direct descendant of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil.

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Fauna

Fauna (faunae or faunas) is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time.

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Fiber

Fiber or fibre (British English; from fibra) is a natural or artificial substance that is significantly longer than it is wide.

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Fish

A fish (fish or fishes) is an aquatic, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fins and a hard skull, but lacking limbs with digits.

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Fishing

Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.

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Floodplain

A floodplain or flood plain or bottomlands is an area of land adjacent to a river.

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Flora

Flora (floras or florae) is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring (indigenous) native plants. The corresponding term for animals is fauna, and for fungi, it is funga.

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Food web

A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community.

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Forçados

Forçados is a small town in Burutu LGA of Delta State, Nigeria.

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Freshwater swamp forest

Freshwater swamp forests, or flooded forests, are forests which are inundated with freshwater, either permanently or seasonally.

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Gas flare

A gas flare, alternatively known as a flare stack, flare boom, ground flare, or flare pit, is a gas combustion device used in places such as petroleum refineries, chemical plants and natural gas processing plants, oil or gas extraction sites having oil wells, gas wells, offshore oil and gas rigs and landfills.

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Global warming potential

Global warming potential (GWP) is an index to measure how much infrared thermal radiation a greenhouse gas would absorb over a given time frame after it has been added to the atmosphere (or emitted to the atmosphere).

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Greenhouse gas

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are the gases in the atmosphere that raise the surface temperature of planets such as the Earth.

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Groundwater

Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.

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Gulf of Guinea

The Gulf of Guinea is the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean from Cape Lopez in Gabon, north and west to Cape Palmas in Liberia.

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Gulf of Mexico

The Gulf of Mexico (Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, mostly surrounded by the North American continent.

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Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization headquartered in New York City that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.

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Hydrocarbon

In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.

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Hydrogen sulfide

Hydrogen sulfide is a chemical compound with the formula.

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Ijaw people

The Ijaw people, otherwise known as the Ijo people, are an ethnic group found in the Niger Delta in Nigeria, with significant population clusters in Bayelsa, Delta, and Rivers.

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Independent Nigeria

The Independent Nigeria is a daily newspaper published in Lagos, Nigeria.

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Ken Saro-Wiwa

Kenule Beeson "Ken" Saro-Wiwa (10 October 1941 – 10 November 1995) was a Nigerian writer, television producer, and environmental activist.

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Kenaf

Kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus, is a plant in the family Malvaceae also called Deccan hemp and Java jute.

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Lagos

Lagos (also US), or Lagos City, is a large metropolitan city in southwestern Nigeria.

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Leukemia

Leukemia (also spelled leukaemia; pronounced) is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and produce high numbers of abnormal blood cells.

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London

London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.

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Lumber

Lumber is wood that has been processed into uniform and useful sizes (dimensional lumber), including beams and planks or boards.

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Lung cancer

Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant tumor that begins in the lung.

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Manatee

Manatees (family Trichechidae, genus Trichechus) are large, fully aquatic, mostly herbivorous marine mammals sometimes known as sea cows.

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Mangrove

A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows mainly in coastal saline or brackish water.

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Marine habitat

A marine habitat is a habitat that supports marine life.

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Methane

Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms).

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Microorganism

A microorganism, or microbe, is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from sixth century BC India. The scientific study of microorganisms began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek.

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Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People

The Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), is a social movement organization representing the indigenous Ogoni people of Rivers State, Nigeria. Environmental issues in the Niger Delta and movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People are Niger River Delta.

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Muhammadu Buhari

Muhammadu Buhari (born 17 December 1942) is a Nigerian statesman who served as the president of Nigeria from 2015 to 2023.

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Multinational corporation

A multinational corporation (MNC; also called a multinational enterprise (MNE), transnational enterprise (TNE), transnational corporation (TNC), international corporation, or stateless corporation,with subtle but contrasting senses) is a corporate organization that owns and controls the production of goods or services in at least one country other than its home country.

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National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency

The National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA) is an agency under the Federal Ministry of Environment in Nigeria.

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Natural gas

Natural gas (also called fossil gas, methane gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane (95%) in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes.

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Newsweek

Newsweek is a weekly news magazine.

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Niger Delta

The Niger Delta is the delta of the Niger River sitting directly on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean in Nigeria. Environmental issues in the Niger Delta and Niger Delta are Niger River Delta.

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Niger Delta Development Commission

The Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) is a federal government agency established by former Nigerian president Olusegun Obasanjo in the year 2000, with the sole mandate of developing the oil-rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Environmental issues in the Niger Delta and Niger Delta Development Commission are Niger River Delta.

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Niger Delta mangroves

Nigeria has extensive mangrove forests in the coastal region of the Niger Delta.

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Niger River

The Niger River is the main river of West Africa, extending about. Its drainage basin is in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through Mali, Niger, on the border with Benin and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta, into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean.

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Nigeria

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa.

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Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission

Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission, formerly the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR), is a department under the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Petroleum Resources (FMPR).

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Nigerians

Nigerians or the Nigerian people are citizens of Nigeria or people with ancestry from Nigeria.

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Nitrogen dioxide

Nitrogen dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula.

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Nitrous oxide

Nitrous oxide (dinitrogen oxide or dinitrogen monoxide), commonly known as laughing gas, nitrous, nitro, or nos, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula.

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NNPC Limited

The Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) Limited is a state oil company in Nigeria.

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Nonviolence

Nonviolence is the personal practice of not causing harm to others under any condition.

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Nutrient cycle

A nutrient cycle (or ecological recycling) is the movement and exchange of inorganic and organic matter back into the production of matter.

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Nypa fruticans

Nypa fruticans, commonly known as the nipa palm (or simply nipa, from nipah) or mangrove palm, is a species of palm native to the coastlines and estuarine habitats of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

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Ogoni people

The Ogoni is an ethnic group located in Rivers South-East senatorial district of Rivers State, in the Niger Delta region of southern Nigeria.

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Oil platform

An oil platform (also called an oil rig, offshore platform, oil production platform, etc.) is a large structure with facilities to extract and process petroleum and natural gas that lie in rock formations beneath the seabed.

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Oil spill

An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. Environmental issues in the Niger Delta and oil spill are disasters in Nigeria.

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Olusegun Obasanjo

Chief Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo (Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́; born 5 March 1937) is a Nigerian general and statesman who served as Nigeria's head of state from 1976 to 1979 and later as its president from 1999 to 2007.

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OPEC

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an organization enabling the co-operation of leading oil-producing and oil-dependent countries in order to collectively influence the global oil market and maximize profit.

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Peace Palace Library

The Peace Palace Library is a collection of studies and references specializing in international law.

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Peritoneal mesothelioma

Peritoneal mesothelioma is the name given to the cancer that attacks the lining of the abdomen.

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Pesticide

Pesticides are substances that are used to control pests.

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Petroleum

Petroleum or crude oil, also referred to as simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations.

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Petroleum industry in Nigeria

Nigeria is the second largest oil and gas producer in Africa (after Angola).

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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.

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Pipeline

A pipeline is a system of pipes for long-distance transportation of a liquid or gas, typically to a market area for consumption.

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Pleural cavity

The pleural cavity, pleural space, or intrapleural space is the potential space between the pleurae of the pleural sac that surrounds each lung.

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Pontederia crassipes

Pontederia crassipes (formerly Eichhornia crassipes), commonly known as common water hyacinth, is an aquatic plant native to South America, naturalized throughout the world, and often invasive outside its native range.

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Pygmy hippopotamus

The pygmy hippopotamus or pygmy hippo (Choeropsis liberiensis) is a small hippopotamid which is native to the forests and swamps of West Africa, primarily in Liberia, with small populations in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Ivory Coast.

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Rainforest

Rainforests are forests characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire.

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Respiratory disease

Respiratory diseases, or lung diseases, are pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange difficult in air-breathing animals.

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Rhizophora

Rhizophora is a genus of tropical mangrove trees, sometimes collectively called true mangroves.

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Sabotage

Sabotage is a deliberate action aimed at weakening a polity, government, effort, or organization through subversion, obstruction, demoralization, destabilization, division, disruption, or destruction.

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Scrutiny

Scrutiny (French: scrutin; Late Latin: scrutinium; from scrutari, meaning "those who search through piles of rubbish in the hope of finding something of value" and originally from the Latin "scruta," meaning "broken things, rags, or rubbish.") is a careful examination or inquiry (often implying the search for a likely mistake or failure).

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Sediment

Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.

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Shell plc

Shell plc is a British multinational oil and gas company headquartered in London, England.

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Siphon

A siphon (also spelled syphon) is any of a wide variety of devices that involve the flow of liquids through tubes.

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A social movement is a loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular goal, typically a social or political one.

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Soil

Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support the life of plants and soil organisms.

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Soot

Soot is a mass of impure carbon particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons.

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Sulfur dioxide

Sulfur dioxide (IUPAC-recommended spelling) or sulphur dioxide (traditional Commonwealth English) is the chemical compound with the formula.

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Swamp

A swamp is a forested wetland.

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Texaco

Texaco, Inc. ("The Texas Company") is an American oil brand owned and operated by Chevron Corporation.

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The Observer

The Observer is a British newspaper published on Sundays.

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Toluene

Toluene, also known as toluol, is a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula, often abbreviated as, where Ph stands for phenyl group.

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Tree

In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves.

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United Nations Development Programme

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)Programme des Nations unies pour le développement, PNUD is a United Nations agency tasked with helping countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development.

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Viscosity

The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate.

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Volatile organic compound

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are organic compounds that have a high vapor pressure at room temperature.

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Volatility (chemistry)

In chemistry, volatility is a material quality which describes how readily a substance vaporizes.

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West Africa

West Africa, or Western Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo, as well as Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom Overseas Territory).Paul R.

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Western Europe

Western Europe is the western region of Europe.

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Wetland

A wetland is a distinct semi-aquatic ecosystem whose groundcovers are flooded or saturated in water, either permanently, for years or decades, or only seasonally for a shorter periods.

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World Bank

The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.

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Xylene

In organic chemistry, xylene or xylol (IUPAC name: dimethylbenzene) are any of three organic compounds with the formula.

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Zinc

Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30.

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2010 ExxonMobil oil spill

On May 1, 2010, a ruptured ExxonMobil pipeline in the state of Akwa Ibom, Nigeria, spilled more than a million gallons into the delta and contributed to the major environmental issues in the Niger Delta.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_Niger_Delta

Also known as Causes of oil spills in the Niger Delta, Depletion of fish populations in the Niger Delta, Environment of Nigeria, Environmental impact of the petroleum industry in the Niger Delta, Environmental issues in Nigeria, Gas flares in the Niger Delta, Land degradation in niger delta, Natural gas flaring in the Niger Delta, Oil spills in Nigeria, Oil spills in the Niger Delta, Pollution in the Niger Delta.

, Fishing, Floodplain, Flora, Food web, Forçados, Freshwater swamp forest, Gas flare, Global warming potential, Greenhouse gas, Groundwater, Gulf of Guinea, Gulf of Mexico, Human Rights Watch, Hydrocarbon, Hydrogen sulfide, Ijaw people, Independent Nigeria, Ken Saro-Wiwa, Kenaf, Lagos, Leukemia, London, Lumber, Lung cancer, Manatee, Mangrove, Marine habitat, Methane, Microorganism, Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People, Muhammadu Buhari, Multinational corporation, National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency, Natural gas, Newsweek, Niger Delta, Niger Delta Development Commission, Niger Delta mangroves, Niger River, Nigeria, Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission, Nigerians, Nitrogen dioxide, Nitrous oxide, NNPC Limited, Nonviolence, Nutrient cycle, Nypa fruticans, Ogoni people, Oil platform, Oil spill, Olusegun Obasanjo, OPEC, Peace Palace Library, Peritoneal mesothelioma, Pesticide, Petroleum, Petroleum industry in Nigeria, Photosynthesis, Pipeline, Pleural cavity, Pontederia crassipes, Pygmy hippopotamus, Rainforest, Respiratory disease, Rhizophora, Sabotage, Scrutiny, Sediment, Shell plc, Siphon, Social movement, Soil, Soot, Sulfur dioxide, Swamp, Texaco, The Observer, Toluene, Tree, United Nations Development Programme, Viscosity, Volatile organic compound, Volatility (chemistry), West Africa, Western Europe, Wetland, World Bank, Xylene, Zinc, 2010 ExxonMobil oil spill.

Environmental issues in the Niger Delta, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Disasters in Nigeria

Environmental issues in Nigeria

Man-made disasters in Nigeria

Natural disasters in Nigeria

Niger River Delta

References