Epigraphy, the Glossary
Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the writing and the writers.[1]
Table of Contents
313 relations: Abecedarium, Achaean League, Achaemenid Empire, Acropolis, Advertising, Agora, Akkadian language, Alexander the Great, Americas, Amphora, Anatolia, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Rome, Andania, Ankara, Apex (diacritic), Apollo, Aqueduct (bridge), Arabic, Archaeological Institute of America, Archaeology, Archaeology (magazine), Archaic Greek alphabets, Archinus, Archon, Arsenal, Arval Brethren, Asclepius, Assyria, Athena, Athens, Attic Greek, Augur, August Wilhelm Zumpt, Augustus, Auxiliary sciences of history, Bacchanalia, Basilica, Beccut cippus, Behistun Inscription, Biblical Archaeology Review, Bitola inscription, Book, Boule (ancient Greece), Boundary marker, Boustrophedon, British Museum, Bronze, Bryggen inscriptions, Bullion, ... Expand index (263 more) »
- Inscriptions
Abecedarium
An abecedarium (also known as an abecedary or ABCs or simply an ABC) is an inscription consisting of the letters of an alphabet, almost always listed in order.
Achaean League
The Achaean League (League of Achaeans) was a Hellenistic-era confederation of Greek city-states on the northern and central Peloponnese.
See Epigraphy and Achaean League
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
See Epigraphy and Achaemenid Empire
Acropolis
An acropolis was the settlement of an upper part of an ancient Greek city, especially a citadel, and frequently a hill with precipitous sides, mainly chosen for purposes of defense.
Advertising
Advertising is the practice and techniques employed to bring attention to a product or service.
Agora
The agora (ἀγορά, romanized:, meaning "market" in Modern Greek) was a central public space in ancient Greek city-states.
Akkadian language
Akkadian (translit)John Huehnergard & Christopher Woods, "Akkadian and Eblaite", The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages.
See Epigraphy and Akkadian language
Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.
See Epigraphy and Alexander the Great
Americas
The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.
Amphora
An amphora (ἀμφορεύς|; English) is a type of container with a pointed bottom and characteristic shape and size which fit tightly (and therefore safely) against each other in storage rooms and packages, tied together with rope and delivered by land or sea.
Anatolia
Anatolia (Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula or a region in Turkey, constituting most of its contemporary territory.
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.
See Epigraphy and Ancient Egypt
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
See Epigraphy and Ancient Rome
Andania
Andania (Ανδανία) is a former municipality in Messenia, Peloponnese, Greece.
Ankara
Ankara, historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and 5.8 million in Ankara Province, making it Turkey's second-largest city after Istanbul, but first by the urban area (4,130 km2).
Apex (diacritic)
In written Latin, the apex (plural "apices") is a mark with roughly the shape of an acute accent or apostrophe that was sometimes placed over vowels to indicate that they were long. Epigraphy and apex (diacritic) are inscriptions.
See Epigraphy and Apex (diacritic)
Apollo
Apollo is one of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology.
Aqueduct (bridge)
Aqueducts are bridges constructed to convey watercourses across gaps such as valleys or ravines.
See Epigraphy and Aqueduct (bridge)
Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
Archaeological Institute of America
The Archaeological Institute of America (AIA) is North America's oldest society and largest organization devoted to the world of archaeology.
See Epigraphy and Archaeological Institute of America
Archaeology
Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.
Archaeology (magazine)
Archaeology is a bimonthly magazine for the general public, published by the Archaeological Institute of America.
See Epigraphy and Archaeology (magazine)
Archaic Greek alphabets
Many local variants of the Greek alphabet were employed in ancient Greece during the archaic and early classical periods, until around 400 BC, when they were replaced by the classical 24-letter alphabet that is the standard today.
See Epigraphy and Archaic Greek alphabets
Archinus
Archinus (Ἀρχῖνος) was an Athenian democratic politician who wielded substantial influence between the restoration of democracy in 403 BC and the beginning of the Corinthian War in 395 BC.
Archon
Archon (árchōn, plural: ἄρχοντες, árchontes) is a Greek word that means "ruler", frequently used as the title of a specific public office.
Arsenal
An arsenal is a place where arms and ammunition are made, maintained and repaired, stored, or issued, in any combination, whether privately or publicly owned.
Arval Brethren
In ancient Roman religion, the Arval Brethren (Fratres Arvales, "Brothers of the Fields") or Arval Brothers were a body of priests who offered annual sacrifices to the Lares and gods to guarantee good harvests.
See Epigraphy and Arval Brethren
Asclepius
Asclepius (Ἀσκληπιός Asklēpiós; Aesculapius) is a hero and god of medicine in ancient Greek religion and mythology.
Assyria
Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: x16px, māt Aššur) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC, which eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC.
Athena
Athena or Athene, often given the epithet Pallas, is an ancient Greek goddess associated with wisdom, warfare, and handicraft who was later syncretized with the Roman goddess Minerva.
Athens
Athens is the capital and largest city of Greece.
Attic Greek
Attic Greek is the Greek dialect of the ancient region of Attica, including the polis of Athens.
Augur
An augur was a priest and official in the classical Roman world.
August Wilhelm Zumpt
August Wilhelm Zumpt (4 December 181522 April 1877 in Berlin) was a German classical scholar, known chiefly in connection with Latin epigraphy.
See Epigraphy and August Wilhelm Zumpt
Augustus
Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (Octavianus), was the founder of the Roman Empire.
Auxiliary sciences of history
Auxiliary (or ancillary) sciences of history are scholarly disciplines which help evaluate and use historical sources and are seen as auxiliary for historical research.
See Epigraphy and Auxiliary sciences of history
Bacchanalia
The Bacchanalia were unofficial, privately funded popular Roman festivals of Bacchus, based on various ecstatic elements of the Greek Dionysia.
Basilica
In Ancient Roman architecture, a basilica was a large public building with multiple functions that was typically built alongside the town's forum.
Beccut cippus
The Beccut cippus is an archaeological artifact found in 1953 in Makthar (Tunisia).
See Epigraphy and Beccut cippus
Behistun Inscription
The Behistun Inscription (also Bisotun, Bisitun or Bisutun; بیستون, Old Persian: Bagastana, meaning "the place of god") is a multilingual Achaemenid royal inscription and large rock relief on a cliff at Mount Behistun in the Kermanshah Province of Iran, near the city of Kermanshah in western Iran, established by Darius the Great.
See Epigraphy and Behistun Inscription
Biblical Archaeology Review
Biblical Archaeology Review is a magazine appearing every three months and sometimes referred to as BAR that seeks to connect the academic study of archaeology to a broad general audience seeking to understand the world of the Bible, the Near East, and the Middle East (Syro-Palestine and the Levant).
See Epigraphy and Biblical Archaeology Review
Bitola inscription
The Bitola inscription is a stone inscription from the First Bulgarian Empire written in the Old Church Slavonic language in the Cyrillic alphabet.
See Epigraphy and Bitola inscription
Book
A book is a medium for recording information in the form of writing or images.
Boule (ancient Greece)
In cities of ancient Greece, the boule (βουλή;: boulai, βουλαί) was a council (βουλευταί, bouleutai) appointed to run daily affairs of the city.
See Epigraphy and Boule (ancient Greece)
Boundary marker
A boundary marker, border marker, boundary stone, or border stone is a robust physical marker that identifies the start of a land boundary or the change in a boundary, especially a change in direction of a boundary.
See Epigraphy and Boundary marker
Boustrophedon
Boustrophedon is a style of writing in which alternate lines of writing are reversed, with letters also written in reverse, mirror-style.
See Epigraphy and Boustrophedon
British Museum
The British Museum is a public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London.
See Epigraphy and British Museum
Bronze
Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals, such as phosphorus, or metalloids, such as arsenic or silicon.
Bryggen inscriptions
The Bryggen inscriptions are a find of some 670 medieval runic inscriptions on wood (mostly pine) and bone found from 1955 and forth at Bryggen (and its surroundings) in Bergen, Norway.
See Epigraphy and Bryggen inscriptions
Bullion
Bullion is non-ferrous metal that has been refined to a high standard of elemental purity.
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
See Epigraphy and Byzantine Empire
Caere
: Caere (also Caisra and Cisra) is the Latin name given by the Romans to one of the larger cities of southern Etruria, the modern Cerveteri, approximately 50–60 kilometres north-northwest of Rome.
Cameo (carving)
Cameo is a method of carving an object such as an engraved gem, item of jewellery or vessel.
See Epigraphy and Cameo (carving)
Ceramic
A ceramic is any of the various hard, brittle, heat-resistant, and corrosion-resistant materials made by shaping and then firing an inorganic, nonmetallic material, such as clay, at a high temperature.
Chalcis
Chalcis (Ancient Greek & Katharevousa: Χαλκίς), also called Chalkida or Halkida (Modern Greek: Χαλκίδα), is the chief city of the island of Euboea or Evia in Greece, situated on the Euripus Strait at its narrowest point.
Charites
In Greek mythology, the Charites (Χάριτες), singular Charis, or Graces, were three or more goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity, goodwill, and fertility.
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.
Chisel
A chisel is a wedged hand tool with a characteristically shaped cutting edge on the end of its blade, for carving or cutting a hard material (e.g. wood, stone, or metal).
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
See Epigraphy and Christianity
Chronogram
A chronogram is a sentence or inscription in which specific letters, interpreted as numerals (such as Roman numerals), stand for a particular date when rearranged.
Chronological dating
Chronological dating, or simply dating, is the process of attributing to an object or event a date in the past, allowing such object or event to be located in a previously established chronology.
See Epigraphy and Chronological dating
Cicero
Marcus Tullius Cicero (3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, writer and Academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire.
Civil code
A civil code is a codification of private law relating to property, family, and obligations.
Classics
Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity.
Clay tablet
In the Ancient Near East, clay tablets (Akkadian 𒁾) were used as a writing medium, especially for writing in cuneiform, throughout the Bronze Age and well into the Iron Age.
Compendium
A compendium (compendia or compendiums) is a comprehensive collection of information and analysis pertaining to a body of knowledge.
Consul (representative)
A consul is an official representative of a government who resides in a foreign country to assist and protect citizens of the consul's country, and to promote and facilitate commercial and diplomatic relations between the two countries.
See Epigraphy and Consul (representative)
Consulate
A consulate is the office of a consul.
Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum
The Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum (Body of Etruscan inscriptions) is a corpus of Etruscan texts, collected by and his followers since 1885.
See Epigraphy and Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum
Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum
The Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) is a comprehensive collection of ancient Latin inscriptions. Epigraphy and Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum are Textual scholarship.
See Epigraphy and Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum
CRC Press
The CRC Press, LLC is an American publishing group that specializes in producing technical books.
Crete
Crete (translit, Modern:, Ancient) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Corsica.
Cuneiform
Cuneiform is a logo-syllabic writing system that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Near East.
Cursus honorum
The paren, or more colloquially 'ladder of offices') was the sequential order of public offices held by aspiring politicians in the Roman Republic and the early Roman Empire. It was designed for men of senatorial rank. The cursus honorum comprised a mixture of military and political administration posts; the ultimate prize for winning election to each "rung" in the sequence was to become one of the two consuls in a given year.
See Epigraphy and Cursus honorum
Cypriot syllabary
The Cypriot or Cypriote syllabary (also Classical Cypriot Syllabary) is a syllabic script used in Iron Age Cyprus, from about the 11th to the 4th centuries BCE, when it was replaced by the Greek alphabet.
See Epigraphy and Cypriot syllabary
Cypselus
Cypselus (Κύψελος, Kypselos) was the first tyrant of Corinth in the 7th century BC.
Decimal
The decimal numeral system (also called the base-ten positional numeral system and denary or decanary) is the standard system for denoting integer and non-integer numbers.
Decree of Themistocles
The Decree of Themistocles or Troezen Inscription is an ancient Greek inscription, found at Troezen, discussing Greek strategy in the Greco-Persian Wars, purported to have been issued by the Athenian assembly under the guidance of Themistocles.
See Epigraphy and Decree of Themistocles
Delian League
The Delian League was a confederacy of Greek city-states, numbering between 150 and 330, founded in 478 BC under the leadership (hegemony) of Athens, whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the Greek victory in the Battle of Plataea at the end of the Second Persian invasion of Greece.
See Epigraphy and Delian League
Delos
Delos (Δήλος; Δῆλος, Δᾶλος), is a small Greek island near Mykonos, close to the centre of the Cyclades archipelago.
Delphi
Delphi, in legend previously called Pytho (Πυθώ), was an ancient sacred precinct and the seat of Pythia, the major oracle who was consulted about important decisions throughout the ancient classical world.
Deme
In Ancient Greece, a deme or (δῆμος, plural: demoi, δήμοι) was a suburb or a subdivision of Athens and other city-states.
Democracy
Democracy (from dēmokratía, dēmos 'people' and kratos 'rule') is a system of government in which state power is vested in the people or the general population of a state.
Die (manufacturing)
A die is a specialized machine tool used in manufacturing industries to cut and/or form material to a desired shape or profile.
See Epigraphy and Die (manufacturing)
Diocletian
Diocletian (Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, Diokletianós; 242/245 – 311/312), nicknamed Jovius, was Roman emperor from 284 until his abdication in 305.
Dipylon inscription
The Dipylon inscription is a short text written on an ancient Greek pottery vessel dated to.
See Epigraphy and Dipylon inscription
Divination
Divination is the attempt to gain insight into a question or situation by way of an occultic ritual or practice.
Document
A document is a written, drawn, presented, or memorialized representation of thought, often the manifestation of non-fictional, as well as fictional, content.
Dodona
Dodona (Ionic and, script) in Epirus in northwestern Greece was the oldest Hellenic oracle, possibly dating to the 2nd millennium BCE according to Herodotus.
Duenos inscription
The Duenos inscription is one of the earliest known Old Latin texts, variously dated from the 7th to the 5th century BC.
See Epigraphy and Duenos inscription
Early Indian epigraphy
The earliest undisputed deciphered epigraphy found in the Indian subcontinent are the Edicts of Ashoka of the 3rd century BCE, in the Brahmi script.
See Epigraphy and Early Indian epigraphy
Ecclesia (ancient Greece)
The ecclesia or ekklesia (ἐκκλησία) was the assembly of the citizens in city-states of ancient Greece.
See Epigraphy and Ecclesia (ancient Greece)
Edict on Maximum Prices
The Edict on Maximum Prices (Latin: Edictum de Pretiis Rerum Venalium, "Edict Concerning the Sale Price of Goods"; also known as the Edict on Prices or the Edict of Diocletian) was issued in 301 AD by Diocletian.
See Epigraphy and Edict on Maximum Prices
Edicts of Ashoka
The Edicts of Ashoka are a collection of more than thirty inscriptions on the Pillars of Ashoka, as well as boulders and cave walls, attributed to Emperor Ashoka of the Maurya Empire who ruled most of the Indian subcontinent from 268 BCE to 232 BCE.
See Epigraphy and Edicts of Ashoka
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.
Egyptian hieroglyphs
Egyptian hieroglyphs were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt for writing the Egyptian language.
See Epigraphy and Egyptian hieroglyphs
Egyptian language
The Egyptian language, or Ancient Egyptian, is an extinct branch of the Afro-Asiatic languages that was spoken in ancient Egypt.
See Epigraphy and Egyptian language
Electryone
In Greek mythology, Electryone (Ancient Greek: Ἠλεκτρυώνην) or Alectrona (Doric form) was a daughter of Helios and Rhodos, and sister to the Heliadae.
Elefsina
Elefsina (Elefsína) or Eleusis (Eleusís) is a suburban city and municipality in Athens metropolitan area.
Elegiac
The adjective elegiac has two possible meanings.
Eleusinian Mysteries
The Eleusinian Mysteries (Eleusínia Mystḗria) were initiations held every year for the cult of Demeter and Persephone based at the Panhellenic Sanctuary of Eleusis in ancient Greece.
See Epigraphy and Eleusinian Mysteries
Embezzlement
Embezzlement (from Anglo-Norman, from Old French besillier ("to torment, etc."), of unknown origin) is a term commonly used for a type of financial crime, usually involving theft of money from a business or employer.
See Epigraphy and Embezzlement
Emil Hübner
Ernst Willibald Emil Hübner (7 July 183421 February 1901) was a German classical scholar.
Emperor
The word emperor (from imperator, via empereor) can mean the male ruler of an empire.
Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences
The Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences (until third edition in the singular: Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science) is an encyclopedia for library and Information science related issues.
See Epigraphy and Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences
Engraved gem
An engraved gem, frequently referred to as an intaglio, is a small and usually semi-precious gemstone that has been carved, in the Western tradition normally with images or inscriptions only on one face.
See Epigraphy and Engraved gem
Engraving
Engraving is the practice of incising a design on a hard, usually flat surface by cutting grooves into it with a burin.
Ephebos
Ephebos (ἔφηβος, pl. epheboi; ἔφηβοι), latinized as ephebus (pl. ephebi) and anglicised as ephebe (pl. ephebes), is a term for a male adolescent in Ancient Greece.
Epidaurus
Epidaurus (Ἐπίδαυρος) was a small city (polis) in ancient Greece, on the Argolid Peninsula at the Saronic Gulf.
EpiDoc
EpiDoc is an international community that produces guidelines and tools for encoding in TEI XML scholarly and educational editions of ancient documents, especially inscriptions and papyri. Epigraphy and EpiDoc are inscriptions.
Epitaph
An epitaph is a short text honoring a deceased person.
Eponym
An eponym is a person, a place, or a thing after whom or for which someone or something is, or is believed to be, named.
Equites
The equites (though sometimes referred to as "knights" in English) constituted the second of the property-based classes of ancient Rome, ranking below the senatorial class.
Erechtheion
The Erechtheion (latinized as Erechtheum; Ἐρέχθειον, Ερέχθειο) or Temple of Athena Polias is an ancient Greek Ionic temple on the north side of the Acropolis, Athens, which was primarily dedicated to the goddess Athena.
Etruscan language
Etruscan was the language of the Etruscan civilization in the ancient region of Etruria, in Etruria Padana and Etruria Campana in what is now Italy.
See Epigraphy and Etruscan language
Eucleides
Eucleides (Εὐκλείδης) was eponymous archon of Athens for the year running from July/August 403 BC until June/July 402 BC.
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
Ex Libris (bookplate)
An Ex Libris from, also known as a bookplate (or book-plate, as it was commonly styled until the early 20th century), is a printed or decorative label pasted into a book, often on the front endpaper, to indicate ownership.
See Epigraphy and Ex Libris (bookplate)
Fasti
In ancient Rome, the fasti (Latin plural) were chronological or calendar-based lists, or other diachronic records or plans of official and religiously sanctioned events.
Fetial
A fetial (fētiālis,. label) was a type of priest in ancient Rome.
Forgery
Forgery is a white-collar crime that generally refers to the false making or material alteration of a legal instrument with the specific intent to defraud.
Franz Cumont
Franz-Valéry-Marie Cumont (3 January 1868 in Aalst, Belgium – 20 August 1947 in Woluwe-Saint-Pierre near Brussels) was a Belgian archaeologist and historian, a philologist and student of epigraphy, who brought these often isolated specialties to bear on the syncretic mystery religions of Late Antiquity, notably Mithraism.
See Epigraphy and Franz Cumont
Fresco
Fresco (or frescoes) is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster.
Gaius Duilius
Gaius Duilius (260–231 BC) was a Roman general and statesman.
See Epigraphy and Gaius Duilius
Galley
A galley was a type of ship which relied mostly on oars for propulsion that was used for warfare, trade, and piracy mostly in the seas surrounding Europe.
Georg Fabricius
Georg Fabricius (Georgius Fabricius Chemnicensis; 23 April 1516– 17 July 1571) was a Protestant German poet, historian and archaeologist who wrote in Latin during the German Renaissance.
See Epigraphy and Georg Fabricius
Germanicus
Germanicus Julius Caesar (24 May 15 BC – 10 October AD 19) was an ancient Roman general and politician most famously known for his campaigns in Germania.
Glossary of archaeology
This page is a glossary of archaeology, the study of the human past from material remains.
See Epigraphy and Glossary of archaeology
Goddess
A goddess is a female deity.
Gold
Gold is a chemical element; it has symbol Au (from the Latin word aurum) and atomic number 79.
Gortyna
Gortyna (Γόρτυνα; also known as Gortyn (Γορτύν)) was a town of ancient Crete which appears in the Homeric poems under the form of Γορτύν; but afterwards became usually Gortyna (Γόρτυνα).
Gracchi brothers
The Gracchi brothers were two brothers who lived during the beginning of the late Roman Republic: Tiberius Gracchus and Gaius Gracchus.
See Epigraphy and Gracchi brothers
Graffiti
Graffiti (plural; singular graffiti or graffito, the latter rarely used except in archeology) is writing or drawings made on a wall or other surface, usually without permission and within public view.
Graffito (archaeology)
A graffito (plural "graffiti"), in an archaeological context, is a deliberate mark made by scratching or engraving on a large surface such as a wall. Epigraphy and graffito (archaeology) are inscriptions.
See Epigraphy and Graffito (archaeology)
Grapheme
In linguistics, a grapheme is the smallest functional unit of a writing system.
Gravestone
A gravestone or tombstone is a marker, usually stone, that is placed over a grave.
Greco-Persian Wars
The Greco-Persian Wars (also often called the Persian Wars) were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC.
See Epigraphy and Greco-Persian Wars
Greece
Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe.
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
See Epigraphy and Greek language
Greeks
The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world..
Hagiography
A hagiography is a biography of a saint or an ecclesiastical leader, as well as, by extension, an adulatory and idealized biography of a preacher, priest, founder, saint, monk, nun or icon in any of the world's religions.
Hammer
A hammer is a tool, most often a hand tool, consisting of a weighted "head" fixed to a long handle that is swung to deliver an impact to a small area of an object.
Handwriting
Handwriting is the personal and unique style of writing with a writing instrument, such as a pen or pencil in the hand.
Haruspex
In the religion of ancient Rome, a haruspex was a person trained to practise a form of divination called haruspicy, the inspection of the entrails of sacrificed animals, especially the livers of sacrificed sheep and poultry.
Hellenistic period
In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.
See Epigraphy and Hellenistic period
Hera
In ancient Greek religion, Hera (Hḗrā; label in Ionic and Homeric Greek) is the goddess of marriage, women, and family, and the protector of women during childbirth.
Hercules
Hercules is the Roman equivalent of the Greek divine hero Heracles, son of Jupiter and the mortal Alcmena.
Hero stone
A hero stone (Vīragallu in Kannada, Naṭukal in Tamil) is a memorial commemorating the honorable death of a hero in battle.
Hexameter
Hexameter is a metrical line of verses consisting of six feet (a "foot" here is the pulse, or major accent, of words in an English line of poetry; in Greek as well as in Latin a "foot" is not an accent, but describes various combinations of syllables).
Hieratic
Hieratic (priestly) is the name given to a cursive writing system used for Ancient Egyptian and the principal script used to write that language from its development in the third millennium BCE until the rise of Demotic in the mid-first millennium BCE.
Hierophant
A hierophant (hierophantēs) is a person who brings religious congregants into the presence of that which is deemed holy.
Hippodrome of Constantinople
The Hippodrome of Constantinople (Hippódromos tēs Kōnstantinoupóleōs; Circus Maximus Constantinopolitanus; Hipodrom), was a circus that was the sporting and social centre of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire.
See Epigraphy and Hippodrome of Constantinople
Historian
A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it.
History of Latin
Latin is a member of the broad family of Italic languages.
See Epigraphy and History of Latin
History of the alphabet
The history of the alphabet goes back to the consonantal writing system used to write Semitic languages in the Levant during the 2nd millennium BCE.
See Epigraphy and History of the alphabet
History of the Arabic alphabet
It is thought that the Arabic alphabet is a derivative of the Nabataean variation of the Aramaic alphabet, which descended from the Phoenician alphabet, which among others also gave rise to the Hebrew alphabet and the Greek alphabet, the latter one being in turn the base for the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets.
See Epigraphy and History of the Arabic alphabet
History of the Greek alphabet
The history of the Greek alphabet starts with the adoption of Phoenician letter forms in the 9th–8th centuries BC during early Archaic Greece and continues to the present day.
See Epigraphy and History of the Greek alphabet
Hittites
The Hittites were an Anatolian Indo-European people who formed one of the first major civilizations of Bronze Age West Asia.
Ialysus
Ialysus or Ialysos (Ἰάλυσος), also Ialyssus or Ialyssos (Ἰάλυσσος), or Ielyssus or Ielyssos (Ἰήλυσσος), was a city of ancient Rhodes.
Iconography
Iconography, as a branch of art history, studies the identification, description and interpretation of the content of images: the subjects depicted, the particular compositions and details used to do so, and other elements that are distinct from artistic style.
Idea
In common usage and in philosophy, ideas are the results of thought.
Ideogram
An ideogram or ideograph (from Greek 'idea' + 'to write') is a symbol that represents an idea or concept independent of any particular language.
Image
An image is a visual representation.
Indian copper plate inscriptions
Indian copper plate inscriptions are historical legal records engraved on copper plates in the Indian subcontinent.
See Epigraphy and Indian copper plate inscriptions
Inscription of Abercius
The inscription of Abercius is the Greek epitaph of Abercius who was probably Bishop of Hieropolis in Phrygia.
See Epigraphy and Inscription of Abercius
Inscriptiones Graecae
The Inscriptiones Graecae (IG), Latin for Greek inscriptions, is an academic project originally begun by the Prussian Academy of Science, and today continued by its successor organisation, the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Epigraphy and Inscriptiones Graecae are Textual scholarship.
See Epigraphy and Inscriptiones Graecae
Internet Archive
The Internet Archive is an American nonprofit digital library founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle.
See Epigraphy and Internet Archive
Ionic Greek
Ionic or Ionian Greek (Iōnikḗ) was a subdialect of the Eastern or Attic–Ionic dialect group of Ancient Greek.
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
Italian orthography
Italian orthography (the conventions used in writing Italian) uses the Latin alphabet to write the Italian language.
See Epigraphy and Italian orthography
James Ossuary
The James Ossuary is a 1st-century limestone box that was used for containing the bones of the dead.
See Epigraphy and James Ossuary
Jean-François Champollion
Jean-François Champollion, also known as Champollion le jeune ('the Younger'; 23 December 17904 March 1832), was a French philologist and orientalist, known primarily as the decipherer of Egyptian hieroglyphs and a founding figure in the field of Egyptology.
See Epigraphy and Jean-François Champollion
Joseph Robertson (priest)
Joseph Robertson (1726–1802) was an English clergyman and writer.
See Epigraphy and Joseph Robertson (priest)
Kannada inscriptions
About 25,000 inscriptions found in Karnataka and nearby states belong to historic Kannada rulers, including the Kadambas, the Western Ganga Dynasty, the Rashtrakuta, the Chalukya, the Hoysala and the Vijayanagara Empire.
See Epigraphy and Kannada inscriptions
Kedukan Bukit inscription
The Kedukan Bukit inscription is an inscription discovered by the Dutchman C.J. Batenburg on 29 November 1920 at Kedukan Bukit, South Sumatra, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), on the banks of Tatang River, a tributary of Musi River.
See Epigraphy and Kedukan Bukit inscription
Knossos
Knossos (pronounced; Knōssós,; Linear B: 𐀒𐀜𐀰 Ko-no-so) is a Bronze Age archaeological site in Crete.
Kresilas
Kresilas (Κρησίλας Krēsílas) was a Greek sculptor in the Classical period (5th century BC), from Kydonia.
Kuntillet Ajrud inscriptions
The Kuntillet Ajrud inscriptions refers to a set of jar and plaster inscriptions, stone incisions, and art discovered at the site of Kuntillet Ajrud.
See Epigraphy and Kuntillet Ajrud inscriptions
La Mojarra Stela 1
La Mojarra Stela 1 is a Mesoamerican carved monument (stela) dating from 156 CE (2nd century CE).
See Epigraphy and La Mojarra Stela 1
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet, also known as the Roman alphabet, is the collection of letters originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language.
See Epigraphy and Latin alphabet
Leiden Conventions
The Leiden Conventions or Leiden system is an established set of rules, symbols, and brackets used to indicate the condition of an epigraphic or papyrological text in a modern edition. Epigraphy and Leiden Conventions are inscriptions.
See Epigraphy and Leiden Conventions
Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington, D.C. that serves as the library and research service of the U.S. Congress and the de facto national library of the United States.
See Epigraphy and Library of Congress
Limestone
Limestone (calcium carbonate) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime.
Linear B
Linear B is a syllabic script that was used for writing in Mycenaean Greek, the earliest attested form of the Greek language.
List of classical abbreviations
The following list contains a selection from the Latin abbreviations that occur in the writings and inscriptions of the Romans.
See Epigraphy and List of classical abbreviations
Literature
Literature is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially novels, plays, and poems.
Locrians
The Locrians (Λοκροί, Lokroi) were an ancient Greek tribe that inhabited the region of Locris in Central Greece, around Parnassus.
Logogram
In a written language, a logogram (from Ancient Greek 'word', and 'that which is drawn or written'), also logograph or lexigraph, is a written character that represents a semantic component of a language, such as a word or morpheme.
Louis Robert (historian)
Louis Robert (15 February 1904 in Laurière – 31 May 1985 in Paris) was a professor of Greek history and Epigraphy at the Collège de France, and author of many volumes and articles on Greek epigraphy (from the archaic period to Late Antiquity), numismatics, and historical geography.
See Epigraphy and Louis Robert (historian)
Louvre
The Louvre, or the Louvre Museum, is a national art museum in Paris, France, and one of the most famous museums in the world.
Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus
Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus (c. 337 BC270 BC) was one of the two elected Roman consuls in 298 BC.
See Epigraphy and Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus
Luigi Gaetano Marini
Luigi Gaetano Marini (18 December 1742 – 7 May 1815) was an Italian natural philosopher, jurist, historian, archaeologist and epigraphist.
See Epigraphy and Luigi Gaetano Marini
Lycurgus of Athens
Lycurgus (Greek: Lykourgos Lykophronos Boutadēs; 390 – 325 BC) was a statesman and logographer in Ancient Greece.
See Epigraphy and Lycurgus of Athens
Lysippos
Lysippos (Λύσιππος) was a Greek sculptor of the 4th century BC.
Malia (archaeological site)
Malia (also Mallia) is a Minoan and Mycenaean archaeological site on the northern coast of Crete in the Heraklion regional unit.
See Epigraphy and Malia (archaeological site)
Manes
In ancient Roman religion, the Manes or Di Manes are chthonic deities sometimes thought to represent souls of deceased loved ones.
Maya script
Maya script, also known as Maya glyphs, is historically the native writing system of the Maya civilization of Mesoamerica and is the only Mesoamerican writing system that has been substantially deciphered.
Megara
Megara (Μέγαρα) is a historic town and a municipality in West Attica, Greece.
Members of the Delian League
The members of the Delian League/Athenian Empire (c. 478-404 BC) can be categorized into two groups: the allied states (symmachoi) reported in the stone tablets of the Athenian tribute lists (454-409 BC), who contributed the symmachikos phoros ("allied tax") in money, and further allies, reported either in epigraphy or historiography, whose contribution consisted of ships, wood, grain, and military assistance; proper and occasional members, subject members and genuine allies.
See Epigraphy and Members of the Delian League
Memento mori
Memento mori (Latin for "remember (that you have) to die"), Oxford English Dictionary, Third Edition, June 2001.
See Epigraphy and Memento mori
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.
Messenia
Messenia or Messinia (Μεσσηνία) is a regional unit (perifereiaki enotita) in the southwestern part of the Peloponnese region, in Greece.
Metre
The metre (or meter in US spelling; symbol: m) is the base unit of length in the International System of Units (SI).
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Milestone
A milestone is a numbered marker placed on a route such as a road, railway line, canal or boundary.
Minoan chronology
Minoan chronology is a framework of dates used to divide the history of the Minoan civilization.
See Epigraphy and Minoan chronology
Minoan civilization
The Minoan civilization was a Bronze Age culture which was centered on the island of Crete.
See Epigraphy and Minoan civilization
Monogram
A monogram is a motif made by overlapping or combining two or more letters or other graphemes to form one symbol.
Monumental inscription
A monumental inscription is an inscription, typically carved in stone, on a grave marker, cenotaph, memorial plaque, church monument or other memorial.
See Epigraphy and Monumental inscription
Morse code
Morse code is a telecommunications method which encodes text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations, called dots and dashes, or dits and dahs.
Mycenaean Greece
Mycenaean Greece (or the Mycenaean civilization) was the last phase of the Bronze Age in ancient Greece, spanning the period from approximately 1750 to 1050 BC.
See Epigraphy and Mycenaean Greece
Nafpaktos
Nafpaktos (Ναύπακτος) is a town and a former municipality in Nafpaktia, Aetolia-Acarnania, West Greece, situated on a bay on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth, west of the mouth of the river Mornos.
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.
See Epigraphy and Nazi Germany
Numismatics
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, medals and related objects.
Nymph
A nymph (νύμφη|nýmphē;; sometimes spelled nymphe) is a minor female nature deity in ancient Greek folklore.
Ogham
Ogham (Modern Irish:; ogum, ogom, later ogam) is an Early Medieval alphabet used primarily to write the early Irish language (in the "orthodox" inscriptions, 4th to 6th centuries AD), and later the Old Irish language (scholastic ogham, 6th to 9th centuries).
Ogham inscription
Roughly 400 known ogham inscriptions are on stone monuments scattered around the Irish Sea, the bulk of them dating to the fifth and sixth centuries.
See Epigraphy and Ogham inscription
Old Latin
Old Latin, also known as Early, Archaic or Priscan Latin (Classical lit), was the Latin language in the period roughly before 75 BC, i.e. before the age of Classical Latin.
Old Persian
Old Persian is one of two directly attested Old Iranian languages (the other being Avestan) and is the ancestor of Middle Persian (the language of the Sasanian Empire).
Old Turkic script
The Old Turkic script (also known as variously Göktürk script, Orkhon script, Orkhon-Yenisey script, Turkic runes) was the alphabet used by the Göktürks and other early Turkic khanates from the 8th to 10th centuries to record the Old Turkic language.
See Epigraphy and Old Turkic script
Olympia, Greece
Olympia (Ολυμπία; Ὀλυμπία), officially Archaia Olympia (Αρχαία Ολυμπία), is a small town in Elis on the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece, famous for the nearby archaeological site of the same name.
See Epigraphy and Olympia, Greece
Olympiad
An olympiad (Ὀλυμπιάς, Olympiás) is a period of four years, particularly those associated with the ancient and modern Olympic Games.
Oracle
An oracle is a person or thing considered to provide insight, wise counsel or prophetic predictions, most notably including precognition of the future, inspired by deities.
Orthography
An orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language, including norms of spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word boundaries, emphasis, and punctuation.
Ostracon
An ostracon (Greek: ὄστρακον ostrakon, plural ὄστρακα ostraka) is a piece of pottery, usually broken off from a vase or other earthenware vessel. Epigraphy and ostracon are Textual scholarship.
Ox
An ox (oxen), also known as a bullock (in British, Australian, and Indian English), is a bovine, trained and used as a draft animal.
See Epigraphy and Ox
Oxford
Oxford is a city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town.
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Epigraphy and Oxford University Press
Packard Humanities Institute
The Packard Humanities Institute (PHI) is a non-profit foundation, established in 1987, and located in Los Altos, California, which funds projects in a wide range of conservation concerns in the fields of archaeology, music, film preservation, and historic conservation, plus Greek epigraphy, with an aim to create tools for basic research in the Humanities.
See Epigraphy and Packard Humanities Institute
Paean
A paean is a song or lyric poem expressing triumph or thanksgiving.
Paeonius of Mende
Paeonius (Παιώνιος Paiṓnios) of Mende, Chalkidiki was a Greek sculptor of the late 5th century BC.
See Epigraphy and Paeonius of Mende
Palaeography
Palaeography (UK) or paleography (US; ultimately from παλαιός,, 'old', and γράφειν,, 'to write') is the study and academic discipline of the analysis of historical writing systems, the historicity of manuscripts and texts, subsuming deciphering and dating of historical manuscripts, including the analysis of historic penmanship, handwriting script, signification and printed media. Epigraphy and Palaeography are Textual scholarship.
See Epigraphy and Palaeography
Paliya
The Paliya or Khambhi is a type of a memorial found in the western regions of the India subcontinent, especially Saurashtra and Kutch regions of Gujarat and also in Sindh region of Pakistan.
Papyrology
Papyrology is the study of manuscripts of ancient literature, correspondence, legal archives, etc., preserved on portable media from antiquity, the most common form of which is papyrus, the principal writing material in the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Epigraphy and Papyrology are Textual scholarship.
Parian Chronicle
The Parian Chronicle or Parian Marble (Marmor Parium, Mar. Par.) is a Greek chronology, covering the years from 1582 BC to 299 BC, inscribed on a stele.
See Epigraphy and Parian Chronicle
Paros
Paros (Πάρος; Venetian: Paro) is a Greek island in the central Aegean Sea.
Parthenon
The Parthenon (Παρθενώνας|Parthenónas|) is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, that was dedicated to the goddess Athena.
Patronage in ancient Rome
Patronage (clientela) was the distinctive relationship in ancient Roman society between the patronus ('patron') and their cliens ('client').
See Epigraphy and Patronage in ancient Rome
Pericles
Pericles (Περικλῆς; – 429 BC) was a Greek politician and general during the Golden Age of Athens.
Petroglyph
A petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art.
Phaistos Disc
The Phaistos Disc or Phaistos Disk is a disk of fired clay from the island of Crete, Greece, possibly from the middle or late Minoan Bronze Age (second millennium BC), bearing a text in an unknown script and language.
See Epigraphy and Phaistos Disc
Philon
Philon (Φίλων), Athenian architect of the 4th century BC, is known as the planner of two important works: the portico of twelve Doric columns to the great Hall of the Mysteries at Eleusis (work commissioned by Demetrius Phalereus about 318 BC) and, under the administration of Lycurgus, an arsenal at Athens.
Phoenicia
Phoenicia, or Phœnicia, was an ancient Semitic thalassocratic civilization originating in the coastal strip of the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily located in modern Lebanon.
Phoenician alphabet
The Phoenician alphabet is an abjad (consonantal alphabet) used across the Mediterranean civilization of Phoenicia for most of the 1st millennium BC.
See Epigraphy and Phoenician alphabet
Pictogram
A pictogram (also pictogramme, pictograph, or simply picto) is a graphical symbol that conveys meaning through its visual resemblance to a physical object.
Piraeus
Piraeus (Πειραιάς; Πειραιεύς; Ancient:, Katharevousa) is a port city within the Athens-Piraeus urban area, in the Attica region of Greece.
Plough
A plough or plow (US; both) is a farm tool for loosening or turning the soil before sowing seed or planting.
Portico
A portico is a porch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls.
Poster
A poster is a large sheet that is placed either on a public space to promote something or on a wall as decoration.
Pottery of ancient Greece
Pottery, due to its relative durability, comprises a large part of the archaeological record of ancient Greece, and since there is so much of it (over 100,000 painted vases are recorded in the Corpus vasorum antiquorum), it has exerted a disproportionately large influence on our understanding of Greek society.
See Epigraphy and Pottery of ancient Greece
Priene inscription
Priene inscription may refer to.
See Epigraphy and Priene inscription
Priest
A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deities.
Proxeny
Proxeny or proxenia (προξενία) in ancient Greece was an arrangement whereby a citizen (chosen by the city) hosted foreign ambassadors at his own expense, in return for honorary titles from the state.
Prytaneion
A prytaneion (Πρυτανεῖον, prytanēum) was seat of the prytaneis (executive), and so the seat of government in ancient Greece.
Prytaneis
The prytaneis (πρυτάνεις; sing.: πρύτανις prytanis) were the executives of the boule of ancient Athens.
A punch is a tool used to indent or create a hole through a hard surface.
See Epigraphy and Punch (tool)
Punic people
The Punic people, usually known as the Carthaginians (and sometimes as Western Phoenicians), were a Semitic people who migrated from Phoenicia to the Western Mediterranean during the Early Iron Age.
See Epigraphy and Punic people
Punic-Libyan bilinguals
The Punic-Libyan bilingual inscriptions are two important ancient bilingual inscriptions dated to the 2nd century BC.
See Epigraphy and Punic-Libyan bilinguals
Pyrrhus of Epirus
Pyrrhus (Πύρρος; 319/318–272 BC) was a Greek king and statesman of the Hellenistic period.
See Epigraphy and Pyrrhus of Epirus
Relief
Relief is a sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces remain attached to a solid background of the same material.
René Cagnat
René Cagnat (10 October 1852 – 27 March 1937) was a French historian, a specialist of Latin epigraphy and history of North Africa during Antiquity.
Repoussé and chasing
Repoussé or repoussage is a metalworking technique in which a malleable metal is shaped by hammering from the reverse side to create a design in low relief.
See Epigraphy and Repoussé and chasing
Res Gestae Divi Augusti
Res Gestae Divi Augusti (Eng. The Deeds of the Divine Augustus) is a monumental inscription composed by the first Roman emperor, Augustus, giving a first-person record of his life and accomplishments.
See Epigraphy and Res Gestae Divi Augusti
Roman emperor
The Roman emperor was the ruler and monarchical head of state of the Roman Empire, starting with the granting of the title augustus to Octavian in 27 BC.
See Epigraphy and Roman emperor
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.
See Epigraphy and Roman Empire
Roman lead pipe inscription
A Roman lead pipe inscription is a Latin inscription on a Roman water pipe made of lead which provides brief information on its manufacturer and owner, often the reigning emperor himself as the supreme authority.
See Epigraphy and Roman lead pipe inscription
Roman numerals
Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages.
See Epigraphy and Roman numerals
Roman province
The Roman provinces (pl.) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire.
See Epigraphy and Roman province
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.
See Epigraphy and Roman Republic
Rosetta Stone
The Rosetta Stone is a stele of granodiorite inscribed with three versions of a decree issued in 196 BC during the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, on behalf of King Ptolemy V Epiphanes.
See Epigraphy and Rosetta Stone
Rostral column
A rostral column is a type of victory column originating in ancient Greece and Rome, where they were erected to commemorate a naval military victory.
See Epigraphy and Rostral column
Rune
A rune is a letter in a set of related alphabets known as runic alphabets native to the Germanic peoples.
Runestone
A runestone is typically a raised stone with a runic inscription, but the term can also be applied to inscriptions on boulders and on bedrock.
Salamis Island
Salamis (Salamís) or Salamina (label) is the largest Greek island in the Saronic Gulf, about from the coast of Piraeus and about west of Athens.
See Epigraphy and Salamis Island
Salii
The Salii, Salians, or Salian priests were the "leaping priests" of Mars in ancient Roman religion, supposed to have been introduced by King Numa Pompilius.
Samos
Samos (also; Sámos) is a Greek island in the eastern Aegean Sea, south of Chios, north of Patmos and the Dodecanese archipelago, and off the coast of western Turkey, from which it is separated by the Mycale Strait.
Saturnian (poetry)
Saturnian meter or verse is an old Latin and Italic poetic form, of which the principles of versification have become obscure.
See Epigraphy and Saturnian (poetry)
Seikilos epitaph
The Seikilos epitaph is the oldest surviving complete musical composition, including musical notation, being dated between the first and second century AD.
See Epigraphy and Seikilos epitaph
Serpent Column
The Serpent Column (Τρικάρηνος Ὄφις Τrikarenos Οphis "Three-headed Serpent";Τρικάρηνος ὄφις ὁ χάλκεος, i.e. "the bronze three-headed serpent"; see See also,.
See Epigraphy and Serpent Column
Shugborough inscription
The Shugborough Inscription is a sequence of letters – O U O S V A V V, between the letters D M on a lower plane – carved on the 18th-century Shepherd's Monument in the grounds of Shugborough Hall in Staffordshire, England, below a mirror image of Nicolas Poussin's painting the Shepherds of Arcadia.
See Epigraphy and Shugborough inscription
Sicily
Sicily (Sicilia,; Sicilia,, officially Regione Siciliana) is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy.
Silver
Silver is a chemical element; it has symbol Ag (derived from Proto-Indo-European ''*h₂erǵ'')) and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. The metal is found in the Earth's crust in the pure, free elemental form ("native silver"), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.
Sodales Augustales
The Sodales or Sacerdotes Augustales (singular Sodalis or Sacerdos Augustalis), or simply Augustales,Tacitus, Annales 1.54 were an order (sodalitas) of Roman priests originally instituted by Tiberius to attend to the maintenance of the cult of Augustus and the Julii.
See Epigraphy and Sodales Augustales
Stefano Antonio Morcelli
Stefano Antonio Morcelli (17 January 1737 – 1 January 1822) was an Italian Jesuit scholar, known as an epigraphist.
See Epigraphy and Stefano Antonio Morcelli
Stele
A stele,From Greek στήλη, stēlē, plural στήλαι stēlai; the plural in English is sometimes stelai based on direct transliteration of the Greek, sometimes stelae or stelæ based on the inflection of Greek nouns in Latin, and sometimes anglicized to steles.) or occasionally stela (stelas or stelæ) when derived from Latin, is a stone or wooden slab, generally taller than it is wide, erected in the ancient world as a monument.
Stoichedon
The stoichedon style of epigraphy (from στοιχηδόν, a Greek adverb meaning "in a row") was the practice of engraving ancient Greek inscriptions in capitals in such a way that the letters were aligned vertically as well as horizontally.
Stonemasonry
Stonemasonry or stonecraft is the creation of buildings, structures, and sculpture using stone as the primary material.
See Epigraphy and Stonemasonry
Sulla
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (138–78 BC), commonly known as Sulla, was a Roman general and statesman.
Sumerian language
Sumerian (Also written 𒅴𒄀 eme-gi.ePSD2 entry for emegir.|'native language'|) was the language of ancient Sumer.
See Epigraphy and Sumerian language
Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum
Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum (SEG) (Latin for Greek Epigraphical Supplement) is an annual survey (published by J. C. Gieben, Amsterdam, Netherlands until his death in 2006, now published by Brill) collecting the content of and studies on Greek inscriptions published in a single year. Epigraphy and Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum are Textual scholarship.
See Epigraphy and Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum
Syllabary
In the linguistic study of written languages, a syllabary is a set of written symbols that represent the syllables or (more frequently) moras which make up words.
Syria (region)
Syria (Hieroglyphic Luwian: Sura/i; Συρία; ܣܘܪܝܐ) or Sham (Ash-Shām) is a historical region located east of the Mediterranean Sea in West Asia, broadly synonymous with the Levant.
See Epigraphy and Syria (region)
Tamil-Brahmi
Tamil-Brahmi, also known as Tamili or Damili, was a variant of the Brahmi script in southern India.
See Epigraphy and Tamil-Brahmi
Temple
A temple (from the Latin templum) is a place of worship, a building used for spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice.
Temple of Augustus and Rome
The Temple of Augustus and Rome is an augusteum located in the Altındağ district of Ankara.
See Epigraphy and Temple of Augustus and Rome
Terracotta
Terracotta, also known as terra cotta or terra-cotta, is a clay-based non-vitreous ceramicOED, "Terracotta";, MFA Boston, "Cameo" database fired at relatively low temperatures.
Tessera
A tessera (plural: tesserae, diminutive tessella) is an individual tile, usually formed in the shape of a square, used in creating a mosaic.
Text corpus
In linguistics and natural language processing, a corpus (corpora) or text corpus is a dataset, consisting of natively digital and older, digitalized, language resources, either annotated or unannotated.
Thames & Hudson
Thames & Hudson (sometimes T&H for brevity) is a publisher of illustrated books in all visually creative categories: art, architecture, design, photography, fashion, film, and the performing arts.
See Epigraphy and Thames & Hudson
Thasos
Thasos or Thassos (Θάσος, Thásos) is a Greek island in the North Aegean Sea.
The Zoological Record
The Zoological Record (ZR) is an electronic index of zoological literature that also serves as the unofficial register of scientific names in zoology.
See Epigraphy and The Zoological Record
Theodor Mommsen
Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (30 November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician and archaeologist. Epigraphy and Theodor Mommsen are Textual scholarship.
See Epigraphy and Theodor Mommsen
Thomas Young (scientist)
Thomas Young FRS (13 June 177310 May 1829) was a British polymath who made notable contributions to the fields of vision, light, solid mechanics, energy, physiology, language, musical harmony, and Egyptology.
See Epigraphy and Thomas Young (scientist)
Thucydides
Thucydides (Θουκυδίδης||; BC) was an Athenian historian and general.
Typography
Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable and appealing when displayed.
University of California Press
The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.
See Epigraphy and University of California Press
University of Massachusetts Amherst
The University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) is a public land-grant research university in Amherst, Massachusetts.
See Epigraphy and University of Massachusetts Amherst
University of Toronto
The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park.
See Epigraphy and University of Toronto
Victoria (mythology)
In ancient Roman religion Victoria was the deified personification of victory.
See Epigraphy and Victoria (mythology)
Wikipedia
Wikipedia is a free content online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and the wiki software MediaWiki.
Writing
Writing is the act of creating a persistent representation of human language.
Writing system
A writing system comprises a particular set of symbols, called a script, as well as the rules by which the script represents a particular language.
See Epigraphy and Writing system
See also
Inscriptions
- Aadloun stele
- Apex (diacritic)
- Arjan bowl
- Batu Batikam
- Bugut inscription
- CIH 6
- Cadfan Stone
- Camel Carving Site
- Cippus Abellanus
- De Ruyter Stone
- EpiDoc
- Epigraphers
- Epigraphia Carnatica
- Epigraphy
- Frederick Barbarossa Memorial (Silifke)
- Gerechtigkeitsspirale
- Graffito (archaeology)
- Inscriptions of Aphrodisias
- Ja 1028
- Jabal Dabub inscription
- Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften
- Ledger line (tombstone)
- Leiden Conventions
- List of inscriptions in biblical archaeology
- Mason's mark
- Oscan Tablet
- Panduvamshis of Dakshina Kosala
- Pharaonic Tayma inscription
- Pre-Islamic scripts in Afghanistan
- Rock inscriptions of the Bay of Grama
- Rufina of Smyrna
- Stelae of Nahr el-Kalb
- Steles
- Stone inscriptions in the Kathmandu Valley
- Tabula Bantina
- Tabula ansata
- Textbook of Aramaic Documents from Ancient Egypt
- Võ Cạnh inscription
- YM 1200
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigraphy
Also known as Christian epigraphy, Epigram (inscription), Epigraph (archeology), Epigrapher, Epigraphers, Epigraphic, Epigraphic data, Epigraphical, Epigraphics, Epigraphist, Inscription, Inscriptions.
, Byzantine Empire, Caere, Cameo (carving), Ceramic, Chalcis, Charites, China, Chisel, Christianity, Chronogram, Chronological dating, Cicero, Civil code, Classics, Clay tablet, Compendium, Consul (representative), Consulate, Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, CRC Press, Crete, Cuneiform, Cursus honorum, Cypriot syllabary, Cypselus, Decimal, Decree of Themistocles, Delian League, Delos, Delphi, Deme, Democracy, Die (manufacturing), Diocletian, Dipylon inscription, Divination, Document, Dodona, Duenos inscription, Early Indian epigraphy, Ecclesia (ancient Greece), Edict on Maximum Prices, Edicts of Ashoka, Egypt, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Egyptian language, Electryone, Elefsina, Elegiac, Eleusinian Mysteries, Embezzlement, Emil Hübner, Emperor, Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, Engraved gem, Engraving, Ephebos, Epidaurus, EpiDoc, Epitaph, Eponym, Equites, Erechtheion, Etruscan language, Eucleides, Europe, Ex Libris (bookplate), Fasti, Fetial, Forgery, Franz Cumont, Fresco, Gaius Duilius, Galley, Georg Fabricius, Germanicus, Glossary of archaeology, Goddess, Gold, Gortyna, Gracchi brothers, Graffiti, Graffito (archaeology), Grapheme, Gravestone, Greco-Persian Wars, Greece, Greek language, Greeks, Hagiography, Hammer, Handwriting, Haruspex, Hellenistic period, Hera, Hercules, Hero stone, Hexameter, Hieratic, Hierophant, Hippodrome of Constantinople, Historian, History of Latin, History of the alphabet, History of the Arabic alphabet, History of the Greek alphabet, Hittites, Ialysus, Iconography, Idea, Ideogram, Image, Indian copper plate inscriptions, Inscription of Abercius, Inscriptiones Graecae, Internet Archive, Ionic Greek, Iran, Italian orthography, James Ossuary, Jean-François Champollion, Joseph Robertson (priest), Kannada inscriptions, Kedukan Bukit inscription, Knossos, Kresilas, Kuntillet Ajrud inscriptions, La Mojarra Stela 1, Latin, Latin alphabet, Leiden Conventions, Library of Congress, Limestone, Linear B, List of classical abbreviations, Literature, Locrians, Logogram, Louis Robert (historian), Louvre, Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus, Luigi Gaetano Marini, Lycurgus of Athens, Lysippos, Malia (archaeological site), Manes, Maya script, Megara, Members of the Delian League, Memento mori, Mesopotamia, Messenia, Metre, Middle Ages, Milestone, Minoan chronology, Minoan civilization, Monogram, Monumental inscription, Morse code, Mycenaean Greece, Nafpaktos, Nazi Germany, Numismatics, Nymph, Ogham, Ogham inscription, Old Latin, Old Persian, Old Turkic script, Olympia, Greece, Olympiad, Oracle, Orthography, Ostracon, Ox, Oxford, Oxford University Press, Packard Humanities Institute, Paean, Paeonius of Mende, Palaeography, Paliya, Papyrology, Parian Chronicle, Paros, Parthenon, Patronage in ancient Rome, Pericles, Petroglyph, Phaistos Disc, Philon, Phoenicia, Phoenician alphabet, Pictogram, Piraeus, Plough, Portico, Poster, Pottery of ancient Greece, Priene inscription, Priest, Proxeny, Prytaneion, Prytaneis, Punch (tool), Punic people, Punic-Libyan bilinguals, Pyrrhus of Epirus, Relief, René Cagnat, Repoussé and chasing, Res Gestae Divi Augusti, Roman emperor, Roman Empire, Roman lead pipe inscription, Roman numerals, Roman province, Roman Republic, Rosetta Stone, Rostral column, Rune, Runestone, Salamis Island, Salii, Samos, Saturnian (poetry), Seikilos epitaph, Serpent Column, Shugborough inscription, Sicily, Silver, Sodales Augustales, Stefano Antonio Morcelli, Stele, Stoichedon, Stonemasonry, Sulla, Sumerian language, Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum, Syllabary, Syria (region), Tamil-Brahmi, Temple, Temple of Augustus and Rome, Terracotta, Tessera, Text corpus, Thames & Hudson, Thasos, The Zoological Record, Theodor Mommsen, Thomas Young (scientist), Thucydides, Typography, University of California Press, University of Massachusetts Amherst, University of Toronto, Victoria (mythology), Wikipedia, Writing, Writing system.